top u.s. export - international trade administration · published by the u.s. department of...

Top U.S. Export Markets

Free Trade Agreement and Country Fact Sheets

2009

The International Trade Administration’s mission is to create prosperity by strengthening the competitiveness of U.S. industry, promoting trade and invest-ment, and ensuring fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements.

Market Access and Compliance1401 Constitution Ave., NWWashington, DC 20230

T 202.482.3022 F 202.482.5444

www.trade.gov

Top U.S. E

xport Markets Free Trade A

greement and Country Fact Sheets

2009

TopU.S. ExportMarkets

Free Trade Agreementand Country Fact Sheets

2009

Published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Washington, D.C. 20230 www.trade.gov

Federal Recycling Program Printed on recycled paper

iii Top U.S. Export Markets 2009

Contents

Market Access and Compliance

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Organizational Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Free Trade Agreements and Top 50 Export Markets (map) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Top U.S. Export Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Top U.S. Import Suppliers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Data Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Free Trade Agreement Fact Sheets

Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Bahrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Central America–Dominican Republic (CAFTA–DR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Oman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Country Fact Sheets

Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Netherlands Antilles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Panama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Philippines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Saudi Arabia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116South Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Thailand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130United Arab Emirates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Bahamas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Chile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Costa Rica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Dominican Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62European Union (EU-27) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Honduras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

1 Top U.S. Export Markets 2009

Market Access and Compliance

Overview

Market Access and Compliance (MAC), a unit of the International Trade Administration, works to increase access to foreign markets for American firms and workers and ensures that foreign nations comply with trade agreements signed with the United States. MAC identifies and overcomes foreign barriers to U.S. exports, and enables U.S. firms to better compete in foreign markets. MAC also helps U.S. exporters, especially small and medium-sized firms, receive the full benefits of trade agreements. Common trade problems include

• tariff and customs barriers • intellectual property protection• standards, testing, laboratory, and certification barriers • rules of origin • government procurement contract barriers• service barriers • excessive government requirements• excessive testing or licensing fees• investment barriers• bribery

MAC consists of five major operating units: Europe; Western Hemisphere; Asia; Africa, Middle East, and South Asia; and Trade Agreements and Compliance. MAC not only resolves market access barriers, but also actively participates in developing U.S. trade policy, assists negotiations of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements, and supports U.S. foreign policy goals.

MAC country and compliance experts work to establish a fair and transparent framework for international trade by assisting firms in overcoming foreign barriers to trade, monitoring foreign compliance with all U.S. non-agricultural trade agreements, working with the U.S. Trade Representative and other agencies to implement the strategies developed for removing market obstacles, and supporting U.S. trade negotiations to open foreign markets.

To learn more about MAC and its services for U.S. exporters and investors, please explore the Web site www.trade.gov/tcc. The site provides access to an on-line trade complaint hotline for exporters to identify and report export problems, the full texts of more than 270 international trade and related agreements, and Exporter Guides with brief explanations of selected agreements. The site provides World Trade Organization standards notifications via the Notify U.S. Web site and international government procurement notices. It also provides the opportunity to subscribe to a weekly update service called “What’s New” that contains the latest information regarding U.S. and foreign government practices, trade agreements, and other trade-related developments. If you have any questions or would like further information about MAC’s services for U.S. exporters, contact the Trade Compliance Center through the Web Site, by phone at (202) 482-1191, or by e-mail at [email protected].

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration

MAC Organizational Chart

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Top U.S. Export MarketsCalendar Years: 2007 – 2009, Ranked by 2008

Millions of U.S. dollars

U. S. Exports U. S. Imports

Rank Partner CountryCalendar Years Calendar Years

2007 2008 %Change 2009 %Change 2007 2008 %Change 2009 %Change

World 1,148,199 1,287,442 12.1 1,056,932 -17.9 1,956,962 2,103,641 7.5 1,557,876 -25.9

Top 50 total 1,081,887 1,208,977 11.7 992,553 -17.9 1,815,676 1,931,675 6.4 1,452,180 -24.8

Top 50 share 94% 94% 94% 93% 92% 93%

EU-27 244,166 271,810 11.3 220,776 -18.8 354,409 367,617 3.7 281,320 -23.5

1 Canada 248,888 261,150 4.9 204,728 -21.6 317,057 339,491 7.1 224,911 -33.8

2 Mexico 135,918 151,220 11.3 128,998 -14.7 210,714 215,942 2.5 176,537 -18.2

3 China 62,937 69,733 10.8 69,576 -0.2 321,443 337,773 5.1 296,402 -12.2

4 Japan 61,160 65,142 6.5 51,180 -21.4 145,463 139,262 -4.3 95,949 -31.1

5 Germany 49,420 54,505 10.3 43,299 -20.6 94,164 97,497 3.5 71,253 -26.9

6 United Kingdom 49,981 53,599 7.2 45,714 -14.7 56,858 58,587 3.0 47,486 -18.9

7 Netherlands 32,837 39,719 21.0 32,347 -18.6 18,403 21,123 14.8 16,103 -23.8

8 Korea, South 34,402 34,669 0.8 28,640 -17.4 47,562 48,069 1.1 39,235 -18.4

9 Brazil 24,172 32,299 33.6 26,175 -19.0 25,644 30,453 18.8 20,074 -34.1

10 Belgium 25,259 28,903 14.4 21,630 -25.2 15,281 17,308 13.3 13,781 -20.4

11 France 26,676 28,840 8.1 26,522 -8.0 41,553 44,049 6.0 34,034 -22.7

12 Singapore 25,619 27,854 8.7 22,279 -20.0 18,394 15,885 -13.6 15,659 -1.4

13 Taiwan 25,829 24,926 -3.5 18,432 -26.1 38,278 36,326 -5.1 28,375 -21.9

14 Australia 19,178 22,219 15.9 19,597 -11.8 8,615 10,589 22.9 8,015 -24.3

15 Switzerland 17,039 22,024 29.3 17,499 -20.5 14,760 17,782 20.5 16,033 -9.8

16 Hong Kong 19,902 21,499 8.0 21,119 -1.8 7,026 6,483 -7.7 3,567 -45.0

17 India 14,969 17,682 18.1 16,462 -6.9 24,073 25,704 6.8 21,176 -17.6

18 Italy 14,150 15,461 9.3 12,233 -20.9 35,028 36,135 3.2 26,416 -26.9

19 Israel 12,887 14,487 12.4 9,568 -34.0 20,794 22,336 7.4 18,745 -16.1

20 United Arab Emirates 10,787 14,417 33.7 12,107 -16.0 1,337 1,286 -3.8 1,497 16.4

21 Malaysia 11,680 12,949 10.9 10,401 -19.7 32,629 30,736 -5.8 23,279 -24.3

22 Venezuela 10,201 12,610 23.6 9,360 -25.8 39,910 51,424 28.8 28,094 -45.4

23 Saudi Arabia 10,396 12,484 20.1 10,804 -13.5 35,626 54,747 53.7 22,046 -59.7

24 Spain 9,766 12,190 24.8 8,751 -28.2 10,498 11,094 5.7 7,865 -29.1

25 Chile 8,148 11,857 45.5 9,365 -21.0 8,999 8,196 -8.9 5,950 -27.4

26 Colombia 8,558 11,437 33.6 9,458 -17.3 9,434 13,093 38.8 11,320 -13.5

27 Turkey 6,499 9,959 53.2 7,089 -28.8 4,601 4,642 0.9 3,662 -21.1

28 Russia 7,283 9,335 28.2 5,383 -42.3 19,314 26,783 38.7 18,221 -32.0

29 Thailand 8,336 9,067 8.8 6,921 -23.7 22,755 23,538 3.4 19,085 -18.9

30 Philippines 7,712 8,295 7.6 5,773 -30.4 9,408 8,713 -7.4 6,797 -22.0

31 Ireland 7,777 7,611 -2.1 7,516 -1.2 30,445 31,346 3.0 28,066 -10.5

32 Argentina 5,856 7,536 28.7 5,560 -26.2 4,487 5,822 29.8 3,890 -33.2

33 Dominican Republic 6,084 6,594 8.4 5,270 -20.1 4,216 3,978 -5.6 3,329 -16.3

34 South Africa 5,521 6,490 17.6 4,461 -31.3 9,054 9,948 9.9 5,879 -40.9

35 Peru 4,120 6,183 50.1 4,925 -20.3 5,272 5,812 10.2 4,192 -27.9

36 Egypt 5,259 6,002 14.1 5,258 -12.4 2,377 2,370 -0.3 2,058 -13.2

37 Costa Rica 4,580 5,680 24.0 4,704 -17.2 3,942 3,938 -0.1 5,601 42.2

38 Indonesia 3,970 5,644 42.2 5,106 -9.5 14,301 15,799 10.5 12,938 -18.1

39 Sweden 4,473 5,018 12.2 4,564 -9.0 13,024 12,498 -4.0 8,207 -34.3

40 Panama 3,669 4,887 33.2 4,358 -10.8 365 379 3.8 304 -19.8

41 Honduras 4,461 4,846 8.6 3,384 -30.2 3,912 4,041 3.3 3,324 -17.7

42 Guatemala 4,065 4,718 16.1 3,901 -17.3 3,026 3,463 14.4 3,138 -9.4

43 Poland 3,123 4,131 32.3 2,305 -44.2 2,226 2,587 16.2 2,039 -21.2

44 Nigeria 2,778 4,102 47.7 3,658 -10.8 32,770 38,068 16.2 19,128 -49.8

45 Finland 3,133 3,761 20.0 1,666 -55.7 5,266 5,903 12.1 3,984 -32.5

46 Ecuador 2,936 3,450 17.5 3,927 13.8 6,135 9,048 47.5 5,272 -41.7

47 Norway 3,040 3,292 8.3 2,752 -16.4 7,318 7,315 0.0 5,679 -22.4

48 Netherlands Antilles 2,082 2,952 41.8 2,131 -27.8 782 809 3.5 475 -41.3

49 Vietnam 1,903 2,789 46.6 3,108 11.4 10,633 12,901 21.3 12,290 -4.7

50 Bahamas 2,468 2,760 11.8 2,589 -6.2 504 604 19.8 820 35.8

Source: Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce


Top U.S. Import SuppliersCalendar Years: 2007 – 2009, Ranked by 2008

Millions of U.S. dollars

U. S. Imports U. S. Exports

Rank Partner CountryCalendar Years Calendar Years

2007 2008 %Change 2009 %Change 2007 2008 %Change 2009 %Change World 1,956,962 2,103,641 7.5 1,557,876 -25.9 1,148,199 1,287,442 12.1 1,056,932 -17.9

Top 50 total 1,872,693 2,013,206 7.5 1,486,857 -26.1 1,050,856 1,168,796 11.2 960,555 -17.8

Top 50 share 96% 96% 95% 92% 91% 91%

EU-27 354,409 367,617 3.7 281,320 -23.5 244,166 271,810 11.3 220,776 -18.8

1 Canada 317,057 339,491 7.1 224,911 -33.8 248,888 261,150 4.9 204,728 -21.6

2 China 321,443 337,773 5.1 296,402 -12.2 62,937 69,733 10.8 69,576 -0.2

3 Mexico 210,714 215,942 2.5 176,537 -18.2 135,918 151,220 11.3 128,998 -14.7

4 Japan 145,463 139,262 -4.3 95,949 -31.1 61,160 65,142 6.5 51,180 -21.4

5 Germany 94,164 97,497 3.5 71,253 -26.9 49,420 54,505 10.3 43,299 -20.6

6 United Kingdom 56,858 58,587 3.0 47,486 -18.9 49,981 53,599 7.2 45,714 -14.7

7 Saudi Arabia 35,626 54,747 53.7 22,046 -59.7 10,396 12,484 20.1 10,804 -13.5

8 Venezuela 39,910 51,424 28.8 28,094 -45.4 10,201 12,610 23.6 9,360 -25.8

9 Korea, South 47,562 48,069 1.1 39,235 -18.4 34,402 34,669 0.8 28,640 -17.4

10 France 41,553 44,049 6.0 34,034 -22.7 26,676 28,840 8.1 26,522 -8.0

11 Nigeria 32,770 38,068 16.2 19,128 -49.8 2,778 4,102 47.7 3,658 -10.8

12 Taiwan 38,278 36,326 -5.1 28,375 -21.9 25,829 24,926 -3.5 18,432 -26.1

13 Italy 35,028 36,135 3.2 26,416 -26.9 14,150 15,461 9.3 12,233 -20.9

14 Ireland 30,445 31,346 3.0 28,066 -10.5 7,777 7,611 -2.1 7,516 -1.2

15 Malaysia 32,629 30,736 -5.8 23,279 -24.3 11,680 12,949 10.9 10,401 -19.7

16 Brazil 25,644 30,453 18.8 20,074 -34.1 24,172 32,299 33.6 26,175 -19.0

17 Russia 19,314 26,783 38.7 18,221 -32.0 7,283 9,335 28.2 5,383 -42.3

18 India 24,073 25,704 6.8 21,176 -17.6 14,969 17,682 18.1 16,462 -6.9

19 Thailand 22,755 23,538 3.4 19,085 -18.9 8,336 9,067 8.8 6,921 -23.7

20 Israel 20,794 22,336 7.4 18,745 -16.1 12,887 14,487 12.4 9,568 -34.0

21 Iraq 11,396 22,080 93.8 9,263 -58.0 1,560 2,070 32.7 1,775 -14.3

22 Netherlands 18,403 21,123 14.8 16,103 -23.8 32,837 39,719 21.0 32,347 -18.6

23 Algeria 17,816 19,355 8.6 10,718 -44.6 1,652 1,243 -24.8 1,109 -10.8

24 Angola 12,508 18,911 51.2 9,339 -50.6 1,242 2,019 62.6 1,423 -29.5

25 Switzerland 14,760 17,782 20.5 16,033 -9.8 17,039 22,024 29.3 17,499 -20.5

26 Belgium 15,281 17,308 13.3 13,781 -20.4 25,259 28,903 14.4 21,630 -25.2

27 Singapore 18,394 15,885 -13.6 15,659 -1.4 25,619 27,854 8.7 22,279 -20.0

28 Indonesia 14,301 15,799 10.5 12,938 -18.1 3,970 5,644 42.2 5,106 -9.5

29 Colombia 9,434 13,093 38.8 11,320 -13.5 8,558 11,437 33.6 9,458 -17.3

30 Vietnam 10,633 12,901 21.3 12,290 -4.7 1,903 2,789 46.6 3,108 11.4

31 Sweden 13,024 12,498 -4.0 8,207 -34.3 4,473 5,018 12.2 4,564 -9.0

32 Spain 10,498 11,094 5.7 7,865 -29.1 9,766 12,190 24.8 8,751 -28.2

33 Australia 8,615 10,589 22.9 8,015 -24.3 19,178 22,219 15.9 19,597 -11.8

34 South Africa 9,054 9,948 9.9 5,879 -40.9 5,521 6,490 17.6 4,461 -31.3

35 Ecuador 6,135 9,048 47.5 5,272 -41.7 2,936 3,450 17.5 3,927 13.8

36 Trinidad & Tobago 8,790 9,030 2.7 5,223 -42.2 1,780 2,250 26.4 1,989 -11.6

37 Philippines 9,408 8,713 -7.4 6,797 -22.0 7,712 8,295 7.6 5,773 -30.4

38 Austria 10,669 8,457 -20.7 6,377 -24.6 3,110 2,649 -14.8 2,538 -4.2

39 Chile 8,999 8,196 -8.9 5,950 -27.4 8,148 11,857 45.5 9,365 -21.0

40 Norway 7,318 7,315 0.0 5,679 -22.4 3,040 3,292 8.3 2,752 -16.4

41 Kuwait 4,118 7,093 72.2 3,783 -46.7 2,484 2,719 9.5 1,952 -28.2

42 Hong Kong 7,026 6,483 -7.7 3,567 -45.0 19,902 21,499 8.0 21,119 -1.8

43 Denmark 6,064 6,446 6.3 5,562 -13.7 2,890 2,711 -6.2 2,058 -24.1

44 Finland 5,266 5,903 12.1 3,984 -32.5 3,133 3,761 20.0 1,666 -55.7

45 Argentina 4,487 5,822 29.8 3,890 -33.2 5,856 7,536 28.7 5,560 -26.2

46 Peru 5,272 5,812 10.2 4,192 -27.9 4,120 6,183 50.1 4,925 -20.3

47 Congo 3,071 5,074 65.2 3,105 -38.8 140 185 32.1 277 49.7

48 Turkey 4,601 4,642 0.9 3,662 -21.1 6,499 9,959 53.2 7,089 -28.8

49 Azerbaijan 1,887 4,361 131.1 1,973 -54.8 178 239 34.3 222 -7.1

50 Libya 3,385 4,179 23.5 1,919 -54.1 511 721 41.1 666 -7.6

Source: Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce


Data Sources

Data used in the fact sheets were obtained from the following sources:

International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook Database, October 2009 Global Trade Information Services, Global Trade Atlas Global Trade Information Services, World Trade Atlas World Bank, World Development Indicators, 2009. World Bank, International Finance Corporation, Doing Business 2010. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration Economist Intelligence Unit European Union, EUROSTAT Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook, 2009

Data KeyProfile Section: Population: World Economic Outlook Database, IMF, October 2009 U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration

Economy Section:Unless otherwise indicated, all data are from World Economic Outlook Database, IMF, October 2009.

N/A indicates not available. * indicates World Economic Outlook Database, IMF, October 2009 estimate. † indicates World Development Indicators, World Bank, 2009 data. ‡ indicates Economist Intelligence Unit data. ‡• indicatesEconomistIntelligenceUnitestimate. § indicates CIA, The World Factbook, 2009 ** indicates International Trade Administration Country Commercial Guide 2009 †† indicates Central Bank of Costa Rica ‡‡ indicates Government of Ecuador, National Institute of Statistics and Censuses and Central Bank §§ indicates Government of Panama, Comptroller General data

Foreign Merchandise Trade Section: Global Trade Atlas World Trade Atlas U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Foreign Trade Division

Foreign Direct Investment Section: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis (D) indicates data have been suppressed to avoid disclosure of individual company data. (*) indicates the data are less than $500,000.

Doing Business Ranking Section: World Bank, International Finance Corporation, Doing Business 2010. Doing Business quantifies regulations that apply to an economy’s businesses during their life cycles,

including start-up and operations, and those for trading across borders, paying taxes, and closing a business. Doing Business does not measure all aspects of the business environment that matter to firms and investors. For example, it does not measure security, macroeconomic stability, corruption, skill level, or the strength of financial systems.

Free Trade AgreementFact Sheets


U.S.–Australia Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Analysis

Commentary: The U.S.–Australia FTA was signed on May 18, 2004, and entered into force on January 1, 2005. This comprehensive agreement includes market access for industrial and agricultural goods and services, government procurement, e-commerce, investment, and intellectual property rights protections.

Before and After the U.S.–Australia FTA:

• Overall trade in goods between the United States and Australia grew from $21.5 billion in 2004 to $32.8 billion in 2008, an increase of 53 percent.

• U.S. exports to Australia grew from $14 billion in 2004 to $22.2 billion in 2008, a 59 percent expansion.

• U.S. imports from Australia increased from $7.5 billion in 2004 to $10.6 billion in 2008, an increase of 41 percent.

• Ranking: In 2008, Australia was the 14th largest export market for U.S. goods.

Benefits of the U.S.–Australia FTA:

Tariffs: More than 99 percent of U.S. manufactured exports to Australia became duty-free immediately upon entry into force of the agreement. Remaining tariffs on manufactured goods will be phased out within 10 years.

Investment: The FTA establishes a secure, predictable legal framework for U.S. investors operating in Australia. The threshold for the screening of acquisitions by Australia’s Foreign Investment Review Board for nearly all sectors was raised from A$50 million to A$800 million (indexed annually), exempting the vast majority of U.S. investments. U.S. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into Australia grew from $48.4 billion in 2003 (2004 data are not available) to $88.5 billion in 2008, an increase of 83 percent. Australian FDI into the United States rose from $40.1 billion in 2004 to $64.3 billion in 2008, an increase of 60 percent.

Services: The FTA gives U.S. companies expanded access to Australia’s services market, including telecommunications, express delivery, computer and related services, tourism, energy, construction and engineering, financial services, insurance, audiovisual services and entertainment, professional services, environmental services, education and training, and others. The FTA contains provisions to improve market access for U.S. films and television programs over a variety of media including cable, satellite, and the Internet. The FTA also set high standards for regulatory transparency, including procedures applying to licensing systems.

Government Procurement: Under the FTA’s government procurement provisions, U.S. firms can compete for Australian government purchases on a non-discriminatory basis at both the commonwealth and the state levels. The FTA requires the use of tendering procedures that ensure procurements are conducted in a transparent, predictable, and fair manner.

Intellectual Property Rights: The FTA complements and enhances existing international standards for the protection of intellectual property and provides better means for enforcing those rights. The FTA includes an increased copyright term, prohibition on circumvention of technological protection measures, criminalization of end-user piracy, and measures to prevent marketing of pharmaceutical products that infringe patents.


U.S. Trade in Goods with Australia

U.S. Exports

U.S. Imports

0

5

10

15

20

25

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Billions of dollars

FTA implemented 1/1/2005B

illio

ns

of d

olla

rsH

S C

omm

odit

y87

01

3105

84

29

8471

30

04

8703

90

18

8431

87

04

8800

Leading U.S. Exports to Australia in 2008 and Change from 2007

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

Civilian aircraft (+41%)

Trucks (+31%)

Parts for lifting machines (+1%)

Medical instruments (+13%)

Passenger vehicles (+7%)

Pharmaceuticals in dosages (+1%)

ADP machines (-28%)

Bulldozers, graders (+22%)

Fertilizer mixtures (N/A)

Tractors (+43%)

8800

8704

8431

9018

8703

3004

8471

8429

3105

8701

HS Commodity

Billions of dollars


U.S.–Bahrain Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Analysis

Commentary: The U.S.–Bahrain FTA, signed on September 14, 2004, entered into force on August 1, 2006. This was the first U.S. FTA with a Persian Gulf state and the third with an Arab state. The FTA provided duty-free access to all U.S. consumer, industrial, and agricultural exports, except for alcohol and tobacco, significant market access in services, and stronger IPR enforcement.

Before and After U.S.–Bahrain FTA:

• Overall trade in goods in the first three full years of the FTA (August 2006–July 2009) increased from $1.2 billion to $1.3 billion, a 10 percent increase.

• U.S. exports to Bahrain in the first three full years of the FTA increased from $529 million to $784 million, a 48 percent increase.

• U.S. imports from Bahrain in the first three full years of the FTA decreased from $637 million to $509 million, a 20 percent decline.

• Ranking: Bahrain was the 82nd largest export market for the United States in 2008 with exports totaling $830 million, an increase of 13 percent over the previous year. Major exports include vehicles, aircraft, and machinery.

Benefits of the U.S.–Bahrain FTA:

Tariffs: The FTA provides duty-free access to all U.S. consumer, industrial, and agricultural exports, except for alcohol and tobacco.

Investment: The FTA does not include an investment chapter. Services: The FTA provides U.S. businesses with substantial access to Bahrain’s services market. It opened key services sectors for U.S. providers, including financial services, audiovisual services, express delivery, telecommunications, computer and related services, distribution, health care, services incidental to mining, construction, and architecture and engineering services.

Government Procurement: The FTA provides for national treatment for U.S. firms in government procurement. Strong and transparent disciplines, such as an advance public notice requirement for purchases, and timely and effective bid review procedures provide increased certainty.

Intellectual Property Rights: The FTA ensures that copyright owners have the exclusive right to make their works available on-line. Owners also have the rights to temporary copies of their works on computers, which is important in protecting music, videos, software, and text from widespread unauthorized sharing via the Internet. The FTA prohibits government agencies from approving patent-infringing pharmaceuticals. The agreement requires the governments to establish transparent procedures for the registration of trademarks, including geographical indications, to develop an on-line system for the registration and maintenance of trademarks, and to maintain a searchable database.


Leading U.S. Exports to Bahrain in 2008 and Change from 2007

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200




Aircraft, spacecraft (+586%)

Misc. food preparations (+316%)

Catalytic preparations (+5,487%)

Aircraft parts (+2%)

Stainless steel bars, rods (N/A)

TV, radio parts (+118%)

Refrigerators, freezers (-45%)

8703

8800

8431

8802

2106

3815

8803

7221

8529

8418

HS Commodity

Millions of dollars

HS

Com

mod

ity

8418

85

29

7221

88

03

3815

21

06

8802

84

31

8800

87

03

U.S. Exports

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Mill

ion

s of

dol

lars

U.S. Trade in Goods with Bahrain

FTA implemented 8/1/2006

U.S. Imports

900

800


U.S.–Central America–Dominican Republic Free TradeAgreement (CAFTA–DR)

Commentary: The United States implemented CAFTA–DR on a rolling basis as countries ratified their commitments under the agreement. During 2006, CAFTA–DR entered into force between the United States and four partner countries—El Salvador in March, Honduras and Nicaragua in April, and Guatemala in July. The agreement went into force for the Dominican Republic on March 1, 2007, and for Costa Rica on January 1, 2009. CAFTA–DR creates new commercial opportunities for U.S. firms while promoting regional stability, economic integration, and economic development for an important group of U.S. neighbors.

Before and After CAFTA–DR:

• Overall trade in goods between the United States and the CAFTA–DR countries grew from $35 billion in 2005 to $44.7 billion in 2008, an increase of 28 percent.

• U.S. exports to the CAFTA–DR region were $25.4 billion in 2008, up 50 percent from 2005.• U.S. imports from the CAFTA–DR countries were $19.4 billion in 2008, up 7 percent from 2005.• Ranking: In 2008, the CAFTA–DR region was a larger market for U.S. exports than all but 12

individual countries.

Benefits of the CAFTA–DR:

Tariffs: More than 80 percent of U.S. exports of consumer and industrial goods to the four countries of Central America and the Dominican Republic became duty-free immediately upon entry into force of the agreement, with remaining tariffs to be phased out over 10 years. Key U.S. export sectors benefiting from the tariff elimination include information technology products, agricultural and construction equipment, paper products, chemicals, and medical and scientific equipment.

Investment: The agreement establishes a secure, predictable legal framework for U.S. investors in Central America and the Dominican Republic. All forms of investment are protected under the FTA, including real property, enterprises, debt, concessions, and intellectual property. U.S. direct investment in the CAFTA–DR countries was $8.5 billion in 2008.

Services: Central America and the Dominican Republic accord substantial market access to U.S. service providers in all sectors. The agreement loosens restrictive “dealer protection” regimes that had previously locked U.S. firms into exclusive or inefficient distributor arrangements.

Government Procurement: The agreement requires the use of fair and transparent government procurement procedures, including advance notice of purchases and timely and effective bid review.

Intellectual Property Rights: CAFTA–DR establishes high standards for protecting intellectual property rights, such as patents, trademarks, and copyrights, and supports the growth of trade in valuable digital and other intellectual property–based products.


U.S. Trade in Goods with CAFTA-DR

U.S. Exports

U.S. Imports

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Billions of dollars

FTA implemented from 3/1/2006 - 1/1/2009

Bill

ion

s of

dol

lars

Leading U.S. Exports to CAFTA-DR in 2008 and Change from 2007

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Re�ned petroleum (+31%)

Integrated circuits (+29%)

Cotton yarn (+22%)

Corn (+33%)

Elec. appar. for switching (-6%)

Wheat, meslin (+49%)

Knitted fabrics (+1%)


Elec. appar. for telephones (+9%)

2710

8542

5205

1005

8536

1001

6006

8703

8517

HS Commodity

Billions of dollars

HS

Com

mod

ity

8517

87

03

6006

10

01

8536

10

05

5205

85

42

2710


U.S.–Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Analysis

Commentary: The U.S.–Chile FTA was signed on June 6, 2003, and entered into force on January 1, 2004. The agreement fosters economic growth and creates higher-paying jobs in the United States by reducing and eliminating barriers to trade and investment between the United States and Chile.

Before and After the U.S.–Chile FTA:

• Overall trade in goods between the United States and Chile grew from $6.4 billion in 2003 to $20.1 billion in 2008, an increase of 214 percent.

• U.S. exports to Chile totaled $11.9 billion in 2008, up 341 percent from 2003.• U.S. imports from Chile totaled $8.2 billion in 2008, up 122 percent from 2003.• Ranking: In 2008, Chile was the 25th largest global market for U.S. exports and was the 39th largest

source of U.S. imports.

Benefits of the U.S.–Chile FTA:

Tariffs: 80 percent of bilateral trade in industrial and consumer products became duty-free upon the agreement’s entry into force.

Investment: The FTA established a secure, predictable legal framework for U.S. investors in the region, covering all forms of investment. In 2008, U.S. direct investment in Chile totaled $8.5 billion.

Services: Chile provided substantial market access to a broad range of sectors, including financial services. Chile eliminated measures that required U.S. firms to hire national professionals. Chile allowed Chilean mutual and pension funds to use portfolio managers in the United States.

Government Procurement: The FTA provides a rules-based procurement system for transparent, effective, and predictable market access and obligates Chile to guarantee national and non-discriminatory treatment to the goods and services produced by the United States. The agreement covers the purchases of most Chilean central government agencies, regional and local governments, and 11 ports.

Intellectual Property Rights: The FTA improved standards for the protection and enforcement of a broad range of intellectual property rights, including state-of-the-art protections for digital products such as U.S. software, music, text, and videos. The agreement also provided stronger protection for U.S. patents, trademarks, and test data, and further deterrence of piracy and counterfeiting by criminalizing end-user piracy.


Bill

ion

s of

dol

lars

U.S. Trade in Goods with Chile

U.S. Exports

U.S. Imports

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Billions of dollars


HS

Com

mod

ity

3105

39

01

8517

84

29

8703

84

31

8471

87

04

8800

27

10

Leading U.S. Exports to Chile in 2008 and Change from 2007

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4



Trucks (+20%)

ADP machines (+1%)





Ethylene, primary form (+9%)

Fertilizer mixtures (N/A)

2710

8800

8704

8471

8431

8703

8429

8517

3901

3105

HS Commodity

Billions of dollars


U.S.–Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement (TPA) Analysis

Commentary: The U.S.–Colombia TPA was signed on November 22, 2006, and is awaiting consideration by the U.S. Congress. Colombia’s Congress approved the agreement in 2007. Upon entering into force, the TPA will help foster economic growth and create higher-paying jobs in the United States by reducing and eliminating barriers to trade and investment between the United States and Colombia. This agreement will also advance our goals of helping Colombia combat narcotics trafficking, build democratic institutions, and promote socioeconomic development. The U.S.–Colombia TPA would make permanent our unilateral trade preferences under the Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act.

U.S.–Colombia Trade:

• Overall trade in goods between the United States and Colombia grew from $18 billion in 2007 to $24.5 billion in 2008, an increase of 36 percent.

• U.S. exports to Colombia totaled $11.4 billion in 2008, up 34 percent from 2007.• U.S. imports from Colombia were $13.1 billion in 2008, up 39 percent from 2007.• Ranking: In 2008, Colombia was the 26th largest global market for U.S. exports and the 29th largest


Benefits of the U.S.–Colombia TPA:

Tariffs: Immediately upon entry into force, the agreement would provide duty-free access to 80 percent of U.S. exports of industrial and consumer products to Colombia.

Investment: The TPA would establish a secure, predictable legal framework for U.S. investors. All forms of investment would be covered. In 2008, U.S. direct investment in Colombia totaled $6.3 billion.

Services: Colombia agreed to accord substantial market access across sectors, including financial services, and to eliminate measures requiring U.S. firms to hire national professionals and measures requiring the purchase of local goods. Colombia also agreed that both mutual and pension funds in Colombia would be allowed to use portfolio managers in the United States.

Government Procurement: The agreement requires the use of fair and transparent government procurement procedures, including advance notice of purchases and timely and effective bid review.

Intellectual Property Rights: The TPA would provide for improved standards for the protection and enforcement of a broad range of intellectual property rights. This includes state-of-the-art protections for digital products such as U.S. software, music, text, and videos; stronger protection for U.S. patents, trademarks, and test data; and further deterrence of piracy and counterfeiting by criminalizing end-user piracy.


U.S. Trade in Goods with Colombia

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Billions of dollars

U.S. Imports

U.S. Exports

Bill

ion

s of

dol

lars

HS

Com

mod

ity

2903

39

01

2901

85

17

8429

10

01

8471

84

31

1005

27

10

Leading U.S. Exports to Colombia in 2008 and Change from 2007

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2


Corn (+21%)


ADP machines (+19%)

Wheat, meslin (+58%)



Acyclic hydrocarbons (+17%)


Halogenated hydrocarbons (+12%)

2710

1005

8431

8471

1001

8429

8517

2901

3901

2903

HS Commodity

Billions of dollars


U.S.–Israel Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Analysis

Commentary: The U.S.–Israel FTA was signed on August 19, 1985, and entered into force on September 1, 1985. This was the first FTA signed by the United States. In addition, in 1996 the United States and Israel signed an Agreement on Trade in Agricultural Products (ATAP), establishing gradual and steady market access liberalization for food and agricultural products effective through December 31, 2001. Negotiation and implementation of a successor ATAP was completed in 2004. It was effective through December 31, 2008, and was extended through December 31, 2010.

Before and After the U.S.–Israel FTA:

• Overall trade in goods between the United States and Israel grew from $4.7 billion in 1985 to $36.8 billion in 2008, an increase of 683 percent.

• U.S. exports to Israel grew from $2.6 billion in 1985 to $14.5 billion in 2008, an increase of 462 percent.

• U.S. imports from Israel grew from $2.1 billion in 1985 to $22.3 billion in 2008, an increase of 952 percent.

• Ranking: In 2008, Israel was the 19th largest global market for U.S. exports and the 20th largest supplier of U.S. imports.

Benefits of the U.S.-Israel FTA:

Tariffs: Duties on manufactured goods were eliminated as of January 1, 1995.

Investment: The FTA does not include an investment chapter. Services: The FTA includes a nonbinding statement of intent to eliminate barriers to trade in services such as tourism, communications, banking, insurance, management consulting, accounting, law, computer services, and advertising.

Government Procurement: The FTA eliminates all restrictions on government procurement and calls on Israel to relax its offsets requirements for government agencies other than the Israeli Ministry of Defense. However, U.S. companies are concerned about the government procurement process, including the lack of transparency in the evaluation of tenders, lengthy tender procedures stemming from a lack of preparation, and the use of negotiated agreements or directed contracts rather than public tenders.

Intellectual Property Rights: The FTA reaffirms obligations under bilateral and multilateral agreements relating to intellectual property rights. However, Israel was elevated to the Priority Watch List in the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative’s 2005 Special 301 Report, where it remains because of continuing concerns about its policies on data protection for proprietary test data.


U.S. Trade in Goods with Israel

U.S. Exports

U.S. Imports

0

5

10

15

20

25

1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007

Billions of dollars

FTA implemented 9/1/1985B

illio

ns

of d

olla

rsH

S C

omm

odit

y10

05

8542

870

3 8

471

880

3 8

486

880

2 2

710

880

0 7

102

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Diamonds (+14%)

Civilian aircraft (-21%)


Aircraft, spacecraft (+25%)

Semiconductor mfr. mach. (+69%)

Aircraft parts (-1%)

ADP machines (-19%)


Integrated circuits (-1%)

Corn (+17%)

Billions of dollars

Leading U.S. Exports to Israel in 2008 and Change from 2007


U.S.–Jordan Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Analysis

Commentary: The U.S.–Jordan FTA was signed on October 24, 2000, and entered into force on December 17, 2001. It was the fourth U.S. FTA and the first with an Arab trading partner. The United States and Jordan agreed to phased tariff reductions culminating in the complete elimination of duties on nearly all products by 2010. It was the first FTA to include provisions on environment, labor, and electronic commerce.

Before and After the U.S.–Jordan FTA:

• Overall trade in goods between the United States and Jordan grew from $728 million in 2000 to $2.1 billion in 2008, an increase of 185 percent.

• U.S. exports to Jordan grew from $316 million in 2000 to $940 million in 2008, an increase of 197 percent.

• U.S. imports from Jordan grew from $73 million in 2000 to $1.1 billion in 2008, an increase of 1,459 percent. Note: Most U.S. imports from Jordan come from Qualified Industrial Zones, which pre-date the FTA and allow for duty-free access into the United States when there is Israeli content in those products.

• Ranking: In 2008, Jordan was the 78th largest U.S. export market and the 75th largest supplier of imports.

Benefits of the U.S.–Jordan FTA:

Tariffs: Tariffs will be gradually reduced and eliminated on nearly all products by 2010.

Investment: The FTA does not include an investment chapter.

Services: The FTA opened up trade in services, giving U.S. service providers excellent opportunities in Jordan’s financial, education, audiovisual, courier, and other services sectors.

Government Procurement: The FTA noted that Jordan and the United States will enter into negotiations with regard to Jordan’s accession to the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). Jordan applied to accede to the GPA on July 12, 2000, and has not yet completed its accession.

Intellectual Property Rights: With the signing of the U.S.–Jordan FTA, Jordan committed to stronger enforcement of intellectual property rights, particularly in the pharmaceutical sector. The benefits of the FTA for industry included expanded data protection, elimination of exclusions from patentability for biotechnology inventions, and limitations on compulsory licensing.


HS

Com

mod

ity

4705

84

71

107

843

1 7

606

880

0 8

802

880

3 1

006

870

3

Leading U.S. Exports to Jordan in 2008 and Change from 2007

0 50 100 150 200 250


Rice (+42%)


Aircraft, spacecraft (-73%)


Aluminum waste, scrap (+18%)

Printing machinery (+78%)

Soybean oil (N/A)

ADP machines (+70%)

Semichemical woodpulp (+10,383%)

8703

1006

8803

8802

8800

7606

8431

1507

8471

4705

HS Commodity

Millions of dollars

U.S. Trade in Goods with Jordan

U.S. Exports

U.S. Imports

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Billions of dollars


Bill

ion

s of

dol

lars


U.S.–Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) Analysis Commentary: The KORUS FTA was signed on June 30, 2007, and is awaiting approval by the U.S. Congress and the Korean legislature. Upon entering into force, KORUS will be the United States’ most commercially significant FTA in several years. This comprehensive trade agreement will eliminate tariffs and non-tariff barriers to trade in goods and services, promote economic growth, and enhance trade between the United States and South Korea. KORUS FTA will help foster economic growth and create higher-paying jobs in the United States by reducing and eliminating barriers to trade and investment between the United States and South Korea.

U.S.– South Korea Trade:

• Overall trade in goods between the United States and South Korea grew from $82 billion in 2007 to $82.7 billion in 2008, up 1 percent.

• U.S. exports to South Korea totaled $34.7 billion in 2008, an increase of 1 percent from 2007. • U.S. imports from South Korea were $48.1 billion in 2008, up 1 percent from 2007.• Ranking: South Korea is the United States’ seventh largest trading partner.

Benefits of the U.S.–Korea FTA:

Tariffs: Nearly 95 percent of U.S. industrial and consumer products exports will become duty-free in Korea within three years of entry into force of the agreement.

Investment: The agreement establishes a stable legal framework for U.S. investors operating in Korea. All forms of investment are protected under the agreement. The investment protections in this FTA are as strong as those in any FTA to date. In 2008, U.S. direct investment in Korea totaled $27.7 billion.

Services: The FTA provides meaningful market access commitments that extend across virtually all major service sectors, including express delivery services, research and development, legal, accounting, financial, maintenance and repair of equipment, education, health, environmental, telecommunications, audiovisual, and services incidental to mining.

Government Procurement: The FTA will provide U.S. firms non-discriminatory access to nine Korean central government entities that are not covered under the plurilateral World Trade Organization Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). The FTA will also set a threshold (contract values above which procurement is opened) that is nearly half the GPA threshold. It provides for a working group on government procurement to take up any issues, in particular those related to information technology.

Intellectual Property Rights: The FTA will provide for improved standards for the protection and enforcement of a broad range of intellectual property rights, including trademarks, copyrights, and patents. The measures are consistent with U.S. standards and will provide effective protection and enforcement for emerging technologies. These standards include state-of-the-art protections for digital products such as U.S. software, music, text, and videos. Additionally, the agreement provides for stronger, more comprehensive protection for patents, trademarks, and test data; rules on civil, criminal, and customs enforcement; and a commitment to establish a patent linkage system to ensure adequate enforcement of pharmaceutical patent rights.


U.S. Trade in Goods with South Korea

U.S. Exports

U.S. Imports

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Billions of dollarsBill

ion

s of

dol

lars

HS

Com

mod

ity

8803

10

01

8517

88

02

7204

88

00

8486

85

42

8541

10

05

Leading U.S. Exports to South Korea in 2008 and Change from 2007

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Corn (+157%)

Semiconductors (+26%)


Semiconductor mfr. mach. (-4%)


Ferrous waste, scrap (+116%)

Aircraft, spacecraft (-16%)


Wheat, meslin (+58)


1005

8541

8542

8486

8800

7204

8802

8517

1001

8803

HS Commodity

Billions of dollars


U.S.–Morocco Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Analysis

Commentary: The U.S.–Morocco FTA was signed on June 15, 2004, and entered into force on January 1, 2006.

Before and After the U.S.–Morocco FTA:

• Overall trade in goods between the United States and Morocco increased 150 percent between 2005 and 2008, from $927 million to $2.3 billion.

• U.S. exports to Morocco grew to $1.4 billion in 2008 from $481 million in 2005, an increase of 199 percent.

• U.S. imports from Morocco grew to $879 million in 2008 from $446 million in 2005, an increase of 97 percent.

• Ranking: In 2008, Morocco was the 68th largest global market for U.S. exports and the 81st largest source of U.S. imports.

Benefits of the U.S.–Morocco FTA:

Tariffs: About 95 percent of tariffs were immediately eliminated. Virtually all tariffs will be eliminated within 10 years.

Investment: The FTA expands the significant protections already afforded U.S. investors under a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) signed in 1985 and provides for the protections of all forms of investment, including enterprises, debt, concessions, contracts, and intellectual property. In almost all circumstances, U.S. investors enjoy the right to establish, acquire, and operate investments in Morocco on an equal footing with Moroccan investors and with investors of other countries. U.S. investment in Morocco stood at $252 million in 2008.

Services: The FTA reinforces the ongoing development of Morocco’s legal and regulatory reforms and development plans for many sectors of interest to U.S. service providers in telecommunications, e-commerce, engineering and infrastructure services, and environmental and energy services, among other sectors. The FTA provides for transparency in Morocco’s regulatory framework for services in standard setting; the regulatory application process; and judicial, arbitral, and administrative procedures. The agreement reinforces reform already underway in many services sectors by lowering, phasing out, or making more transparent barriers to services trade and inward investment.

Government Procurement: The FTA prohibits the Moroccan government from discriminating against U.S. firms, or favoring Moroccan firms, when purchasing more than $175,000 in goods or services or $6.7 million in construction services.

Intellectual Property Rights: The FTA criminalizes end-user piracy, providing strong deterrence against piracy and counterfeiting, and provides significant new protection for U.S. patent, trademark, and copyright owners.


U.S. Trade in Goods with Morocco

U.S. Exports

U.S. Imports

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Billions of dollars


Bill

ion

s of

dol

lars

HS

Com

mod

ity

2303

39

02

1201

23

04

1001

27

13

1005

15

07

2701

88

00

Leading U.S. Exports to Morocco in 2008 and Change from 2007

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200


Coal (+35%)

Soybean oil (+140%)

Corn (-47%)

Petroleum coke (+96%)

Wheat, meslin (-77%)

Soybean oilcake (+29%)

Soybeans (-50%)

Ole�n polymers (+6%)

Starch, sugar mrf. residues (+91%)

8800

2701

1507

1005

2713

1001

2304

1201

3902

2303

HS Commodity

Millions of dollars


North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Analysis

Commentary: The NAFTA between the United States, Canada, and Mexico entered into force on January 1, 1994. NAFTA created the world’s largest free trade area, linking 444 million people producing $16.9 trillion worth of goods and services. The dismantling of trade barriers and the opening of markets has led to economic growth and rising prosperity in all three countries.

Before and After the NAFTA:

• Overall trade in goods between the United States, Canada, and Mexico has grown from $297 billion in 1993 to $990 billion in 2008, an increase of 233 percent.

• U.S. exports to Canada and Mexico grew from $142 billion in 1993 to $412 billion in 2008, an increase of 190 percent.

• U.S. imports from Canada and Mexico grew from $151 billion in 1993 to $551 billion in 2008, an increase of 265 percent.

• Ranking: Canada and Mexico together rank as the top export and import market for the United States in 2008.

Benefits of the NAFTA:

Tariffs: All remaining duties and quantitative restrictions were eliminated on January 1, 2008.

Investment: NAFTA ensures that U.S. investors receive treatment equal to domestic investors in Mexico and Canada. NAFTA also permits investors to take the host government directly to international arbitration or settlement of disputes involving monetary damages for violations of the NAFTA’s investment provisions. Overall investment between the United States, Canada, and Mexico grew from $358 billion in 2003 to $557 billion in 2008, an increase of 56 percent.

Services: NAFTA covers virtually all services with the exception of aviation transport, maritime, and basic telecommunications. NAFTA substantially increases opportunities for U.S. exports to Canada and Mexico in such services as construction, environmental and computer software and design services, oil and gas field equipment and services, heavy electrical equipment, communications and computer systems, electronic, steel, pharmaceutical products, and medical equipment.

Government Procurement: The government procurement provisions of the NAFTA apply to goods, services, and construction contracts.

Intellectual Property Rights: NAFTA covers patents, trademarks, copyrights and related rights, trade secrets, semiconductor integrated circuits, plant breeder rights, geographical indications, and industrial designs. NAFTA “locks in” and extends the protection contained in the Intellectual Property Rights laws adopted by Mexico in June and July 1991.


U.S. Trade in Goods with NAFTA

U.S. Exports

U.S. Imports

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Billions of dollars


Bill

ion

s of

dol

lars

HS

Com

mod

ity

8407

85

17

2711

85

42

8471

88

00

8704

27

10

8703

87

08

Leading U.S. Exports to NAFTA in 2008 and Change from 2007

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Motor vehicle parts (-9%)

Passenger vehicles (-8%)


Trucks (-16%)


ADP machines (+3%)


Petroleum gases (+38%)


Piston engines (-10%)

8708

8703

2710

8704

8800

8471

8542

2711

8517

8407

HS Commodity

Billions of dollars


U.S.–Oman Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Analysis

Commentary: The U.S.–Oman FTA was signed in January 2006 and entered into force on January 1, 2009. This is the second U.S. FTA with a Gulf state, following Bahrain’s, which entered into force in 2006.

U.S.–Oman Trade

• Overall trade in goods between the United States and Oman in 2008 was $2.2 billion, an increase of 6 percent over 2007 figures.

• U.S. exports to Oman in 2008 totaled $1.4 billion, an increase of 30 percent over the previous year. Major exports were vehicles, machinery, aircraft, and electrical machinery.

• U.S. imports from Oman in 2008 were $852 million, a decrease of 18 percent over the previous year. Major imports were oil, precious stones and metals, plastic, and inorganic chemicals.

• Ranking: In 2008, Oman was our 70th largest export market.

Benefits of the U.S.–Oman FTA:

Tariffs: 100 percent of bilateral trade in industrial and consumer products became duty-free immediately upon entry into force of the agreement. The FTA provides reciprocal market access for U.S. textile and apparel producers.

Investment: All forms of investment are protected under the FTA, including enterprises, debt, concessions, contracts, and intellectual property. U.S. financial service suppliers have the right to establish subsidiaries, branches, and joint ventures in Oman, expand their operations throughout Oman, and offer a full range of financial services.

Services: Oman provides substantial market access across its entire services regime, including key service sectors such as audiovisual services, express delivery, telecommunications, computer and related services, distribution, health care, services incidental to mining, construction, architecture, and engineering.

Government Procurement: Under the FTA, U.S. suppliers are granted nondiscriminatory rights to bid on contracts to supply most Omani government entities. U.S. and Omani suppliers have increased certainty from the transparent, predictable, and fair procurement procedures, such as advance public notice requirements for purchases and timely and effective bid review procedures.

Intellectual Property Rights: The FTA requires expanded protections and strengthened enforcement of intellectual property rights.


U.S. Trade in Goods with Oman

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Billions of dollars

U.S. Imports

U.S. Exports


Bill

ion

s of

dol

lars

HS

Com

mod

ity

8906

84

11 1

515

848

1 8

413

930

6 8

802

880

0 8

431

870

3

0 200 300 400




Aircraft, spacecraft (N/A)

Bombs, grenades (-44%)

Pumps for liquids (+62%)

Industrial valves (+92%)

Vegetable fats, oils (+1,518%)

Gas turbines (-29%)

Warships, lifeboats (N/A)

Millions of dollars

Leading U.S. Exports to Oman in 2008 and Change from 2007 100


U.S.–Panama Trade Promotion Agreement (TPA) Analysis

Commentary: The U.S.–Panama TPA was signed on June 28, 2007, and approved by the government of Panama on July 11, 2007. The TPA is awaiting approval by Congress. The U.S.–Panama TPA will eliminate tariffs; expand access to services trade; and include important disciplines on customs administration and trade facilitation, technical barriers to trade, government procurement, investment, telecommunications, electronic commerce, intellectual property rights, and labor and environmental protection. The U.S.–Panama TPA will also ensure that U.S. firms have an opportunity to participate on a competitive basis in the $5.25-billion Panama Canal expansion project.

U.S.–Panama Trade:

• Overall trade in goods between the United States and Panama grew from $4 billion in 2007 to $5.3 billion in 2008, an increase of 31 percent. The United States had a trade surplus of $4.5 billion in 2008.

• U.S. exports to Panama grew from $3.7 billion in 2007 to $4.9 billion in 2008, an increase of 32 percent.

• U.S. imports from Panama grew from $365 million in 2007 to $379 million in 2008, an increase of 4 percent.

• Ranking: Panama was the 40th largest market for U.S. exports in 2008.

Benefits of the U.S.–Panama TPA:

Tariffs: More than 88 percent of U.S. exports of consumer and industrial goods to Panama will become duty-free immediately upon entry into force of the agreement.

Investment: The U.S.–Panama TPA will cover all forms of investment and establish a secure, predictable legal framework for U.S. investors, including rules to protect investors against unfair or discriminatory government actions. The stock of U.S. foreign direct investment in Panama was $7.2 billion in 2008.

Services: The U.S.–Panama TPA will provide market access in several services sectors, including telecommunications, tourism, restaurants and hotels, construction, and energy. U.S. firms will have better access to Panama’s services sectors than it provides to other WTO members under the General Agreement on Tariffs in Services. The services chapter also affirms existing competitive opportunities in Panama and prevents cross-subsidization from a postal monopoly.

Government Procurement: The TPA guarantees non-discriminatory access and a fair and transparent process to sell goods and services to all significant Panamanian government entities, including the Panama Canal Authority.

Intellectual Property Rights: The U.S.–Panama TPA will establish high levels of intellectual property rights in Panama, including procedures for registering trademarks and stronger copyright, patent, and marketing data protection and enforcement.


U.S. Trade in Goods with Panama

U.S. Exports

U.S. Imports

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Billions of dollars

Bill

ion

s of

dol

lars

HS

Com

mod

ity

8525

23

04

8517

95

04

3303

84

71

1005

87

03

8800

27

10

Leading U.S. Exports to Panama in 2008 and Change from 2007

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2




Corn (+50%)

ADP machines (+10%)

Perfume, toilet waters (+12%)

Games (+81%)


Soybean oilcake (+43%)

Transmission eqpt. for telecom (+72%)

2710

8800

8703

1005

8471

3303

9504

8517

2304

8525

HS Commodity

Billions of dollars


U.S.–Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (TPA) Analysis Commentary: The United States and Peru signed a TPA on April 12, 2006, which entered into force on February 1, 2009. The agreement fosters economic growth and creates higher-paying jobs in the United States by reducing and eliminating barriers to trade and investment. The TPA advances the American goals of helping Peru combat narcotics trafficking, build democratic institutions, and promote socioeconomic development. U.S.–Peru Trade:

• Overall trade in goods between the United States and Peru grew from $8.8 billion in 2006 to $12 billion in 2008, an increase of 50 percent.

• U.S. exports to Peru grew from $2.9 billion in 2006 to $6.2 billion in 2008, an increase of 114 percent.• U.S. imports from Peru dropped from $5.9 billion in 2006 to $5.8 billion in 2008, a decline of

1.7 percent.• Ranking: In 2008, Peru was the 35th largest global market for U.S. exports and the 46th largest


Benefits of the U.S.–Peru TPA:

Tariffs: 80 percent of bilateral trade in industrial and consumer products became duty free upon the agreement’s entry into force.

Investment: The TPA establishes a secure, predictable legal framework for U.S. investors. All forms of investment are covered. In 2008, U.S. direct investment in Peru totaled $8.5 billion.

Services: The FTA provided for substantial access to Peru’s services market, including financial services. Peru eliminated measures that required U.S. firms to hire national professionals and to purchase local goods. Peru also agreed to allow its mutual and pension funds to use portfolio managers in the United States.

Government Procurement: U.S. suppliers are granted non-discriminatory rights to bid on contracts from a broad range of Peruvian government ministries, agencies, public enterprises, and regional governments. The agreement requires the use of fair and transparent procurement procedures, such as advance notice of purchase and timely and effective bid review procedures

Intellectual Property Rights: The TPA provided for improved standards for the protection and enforcement of a broad range of intellectual property rights, including state-of-the-art protections for digital products such as U.S. software, music, text, and videos; stronger protection for U.S. patents, trademarks, and test data; and further deterrence of piracy and counterfeiting by criminalizing end-user piracy.


U.S. Trade in Goods with Peru

U.S. Exports

U.S. Imports

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Billions of dollarsBill

ion

s of

dol

lars

HS

Com

mod

ity

3902

39

04

1001

84

73

3901

84

29

8517

84

71

8431

27

10

Leading U.S. Exports to Peru in 2008 and Change from 2007

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4



ADP machines (+49%)




O�ce machine parts (+26%)

Wheat, meslin (-21%)

Vinyl chloride polymers (+146%)

Ole�n polymers (+36%)

2710

8431

8471

8517

8429

3901

8473

1001

3904

3902

HS Commodity

Billions of dollars


U.S.–Singapore Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Analysis

Commentary: The U.S.–Singapore FTA was signed on May 6, 2003, and went into force on January 1, 2004. It was the first U.S. FTA with an Asian nation.

Before and After the U.S.–Singapore FTA:

• Overall trade in goods between the United States and Singapore was $43.8 billion in 2008, an increase of 41 percent over 2003 (the final year before FTA implementation). The U.S. trade surplus with Singapore nearly tripled during the first year of FTA implementation, reaching $4 billion in 2004, and grew to $12 billion in 2008.

• U.S. exports to Singapore expanded to $27.9 billion in 2008, an increase of 68 percent over 2003.• U.S. imports from Singapore declined to $15.9 billion in 2008, an increase of 5 percent over 2003.• Ranking: In 2008, Singapore was the 12th largest market for U.S. exports, and the 27th largest

supplier to the United States.

Benefits of the U.S.–Singapore FTA:

Tariffs: All U.S. exports to Singapore became duty free immediately upon entry into force of the FTA.

Investment: The U.S.–Singapore FTA prohibits imposing performance-related requirements in connection with the establishment, acquisition, expansion, management, conduct, operation, sale, or other disposition of an investment.

Services: The U.S.–Singapore FTA reflects a substantial advance beyond Singapore’s commitments on services trade under the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade and Services. The FTA guarantees U.S. firms enhanced access to key services markets in Singapore, particularly in the financial services, express delivery, and professional services sectors, and locks in current open access in other key services markets such as telecommunications.

Government Procurement: The FTA provides additional government procurement access to U.S. firms by expanding the contracts subject to FTA disciplines.

Intellectual Property Rights: In line with its FTA commitments, Singapore has developed one of the strongest intellectual property rights (IPR) regimes in Asia. Amendments to the Trademarks Act and the Patents Act, a new Plant Varieties Protection Act, and a new Manufacture of Optical Discs Act came into effect in July 2004. Amended Copyright and Broadcasting Acts came into effect in January 2005, and further amendments to the Copyright Act became effective in August 2005 and December 2008. Singapore is also a signatory to the major international IPR agreements administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization, which opened Secretariat offices in Singapore in June 2005.


Bill

ion

s of

dol

lars

U.S. Trade in Goods with Singapore

U.S. Exports

U.S. Imports

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Billions of dollars


0

HS

Com

mod

ity

1 2 3 4





O�ce machine parts (+23%)

Semiconductor mfr. mach. (+14%)

ADP machines (-7%)

Elect. mach. w/indiv. functions (-9%)


Semiconductors (-14%)

880

0 8

542

271

0 8

431

847

3 8

486

847

1 8

543

851

7 8

541

Billions of dollars

Leading U.S. Exports to Singapore in 2008 and Change from 2007

Country Fact Sheets


COUNTRY FACT SHEET: ARGENTINA

U.S. Ambassador to Argentina: Vilma MartinezArgentine Ambassador to the United States: Héctor Marcos Timerman

PROFILE Population: 39.7 million* Next Election Scheduled: April 2012 Capital: Buenos Aires Head of Government: Cristina Fernández de Kirchner Government: Federal Republic (President)

ECONOMY

• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 324.8 • 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 8,171*

2006 2007 2008 Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 8.5 8.7 6.8 Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 7.4 7.6 5.7 CPI (%) 10.9 8.8 8.6 Unemployment (%)

‡ 10.2 8.5 7.9

• Economic Mix in 2007†: 21% Manufacturing; 57% Services; 9% Agriculture.

FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008 Argentina Exports to World 46.5 56.0 70.0 Argentina Imports from World 34.2 44.7 57.4 U.S. Exports to Argentina 4.8 5.9 7.5 U.S. Imports from Argentina 4.0 4.5 5.8 U.S. Trade Balance with Argentina 0.8 1.4 1.7

• Rank of Argentina as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 32nd Largest (0.6% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Argentina as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 45th Largest (0.3% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Argentina in 2008: Machinery (25%); Electrical Machinery (12%); Mineral

Fuel, Oil (11%); Organic Chemicals (8%); Plastic (5%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Argentina in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (37%); Miscellaneous Chemical

Products (13%); Aluminum (5%); Iron, Steel Products (5%); Preserved Food (5%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008 U.S. FDI in Argentina 13.1 14.1 15.2 FDI into U.S. from Argentina 0.3 0.3 0.7

• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Argentina: Spain, United States, France, Brazil, Chile, Italy, Canada, Mexico, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Germany.

DOING BUSINESS RANKING• World Bank Doing Business in 2010 Rank: 118 of 183 (112 in 2009).

COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: James RigassioCommerce Desk Officer: Ashley Rosen (202) 482-6311


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U.S

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U.S

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1990

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Arg

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ts R

elat

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152

182

213

260

326

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150

200

250

300

350

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Billions of dollars

GD

PTo

tal i

mp

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Imp

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from

the

Un

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Sta

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HS Commodity3004 8800 3105 8502 8473 8708 8431 8517 8471 2710

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200

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007

010

020

030

040

050

060

070

080

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: AUSTRALIA

U.S. Ambassador to Australia: Jeff Bleich Australian Ambassador to the United States: Dennis J. Richardson

PROFILE Population: 21.6 million Next Election Scheduled: No later than 2010 Capital: Canberra Head of Government: Kevin Rudd

Government: Federal Parliamentary (Prime Minister) Democracy

ECONOMY

• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 1,013.5 • 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 46,824

2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 2.8 4.0 2.4Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 1.2 2.3 0.4CPI (%) 3.5 2.3 4.4Unemployment (%) 4.8 4.4 4.2


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Australia Exports to World 123.5 141.4 186.5Australia Imports from World 132.8 157.9 190.9U.S. Exports to Australia 17.5 19.2 22.2U.S. Imports from Australia 8.2 8.6 10.6U.S. Trade Balance with Australia 9.3 10.6 11.6

• Rank of Australia as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 14th Largest (1.7% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Australia as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 33rd Largest (0.5% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Australia in 2008: Non-Electrical Machinery (22%); Vehicles, Not Railway

(12%); Aircraft, Spacecraft (10%); Electrical Machinery (8%); Optical, Photo, Medical Instruments (8%).

• Principal U.S. Imports from Australia in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (11%); Meat (11%); Beverages (6%); Optical, Medical Instruments (6%); Vehicles, Not Railway (11%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Australia 67.6 83.3 88.5FDI into U.S. from Australia 38.8 50.2 64.3

• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Australia: European Union, United States, Japan.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATION Senior Commercial Officer: David MurphyCommerce Desk Officer: Jonathan Goldberg (202) 482-3822


U.S

. Tra

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Au

stra

lia

U.S

. Exp

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Billio

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: THE BAHAMAS

U.S. Ambassador to the Bahamas: Nicole Avant Bahamas Ambassador to the United States: Cornelius Smith

PROFILEPopulation: 0.3 million Next Election Scheduled: 2012Capital: Nassau Head of Government: Hubert A. IngrahamGovernment: Parliamentary Democracy (Prime Minister)

ECONOMY• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 7.6 • 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 22,359

2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 4.3 3.1 –1.7Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 3.4 –0.6 –3.0CPI (%) 1.8 2.5 4.5Unemployment (%)

‡ 7.6 10.5 N/A

• Economic Mix in 2008: N/A

FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Bahamas Exports to World 0.5 0.7 0.7Bahamas Imports from World 3.0 3.1 3.2U.S. Exports to the Bahamas 2.3 2.5 2.8U.S. Imports from the Bahamas 0.5 0.5 0.6U.S. Trade Balance with the Bahamas 1.8 2.0 2.2

• Rank of the Bahamas as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 50th Largest (0.21% of U.S. exports).• Rank of the Bahamas as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 88th Largest (0.03% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to the Bahamas in 2008: Mineral Products (47%); Machinery (5%); Organic

Chemicals (4%); Electrical Machinery (3%); Vehicles (3%).• Principal U.S. Imports from the Bahamas in 2008: Plastics (23%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (19%); Seafood

(9%); Salt, Sulfur, Earth, Stone (8%); Beverages (1%); Boats (3%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in the Bahamas 13.7 17.8 19.5FDI into U.S. from the Bahamas 0.5 0.6 0.1• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to the Bahamas: United States, Spain, Japan,

Singapore.

DOING BUSINESS RANKING• World Bank Doing Business in 2010 Rank: 68th of 183 (59 in 2009).

COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Robert O. Jones (DR)Economic, Political Officer: Jefferson DubelCommerce Desk Officer: Michelle Brooks (202) 482-1658


U.S

. Tra

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Bah

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U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

0

0.51

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: BELGIUM

U.S. Ambassador to Belgium: Howard GutmanBelgian Ambassador to the United States: Jan Matthysen

PROFILEPopulation: 10.7 million Next Election Scheduled: Spring 2012Capital: Brussels Head of Government: Yves LetermeGovernment: Constitutional Monarchy (Prime Minister)




FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Belgium Exports to World 367.0 432.4 476.5Belgium Imports from World 352.0 413.7 470.1U.S. Exports to Belgium 21.3 25.3 28.9U.S. Imports from Belgium 14.4 15.3 17.3U.S. Trade Balance with Belgium 6.9 10.0 11.6

• Rank of Belgium as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 10th Largest (2.3% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Belgium as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 26th Largest (0.8% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Belgium in 2008: Machinery (13%); Organic Chemicals (12%); Precious

Stones, Metals (10%); Optical, Medical Instruments (9%); Pharmaceuticals (8%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Belgium in 2008: Precious Stones, Metals (21%); Mineral Fuel, Oil

(18%); Organic Chemicals (13%); Pharmaceutical Products (9%); Machinery (8%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Belgium 51.9 63.0 65.1FDI into U.S. from Belgium 11.7 23.7 18.6• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Belgium: United States, Germany, United Kingdom,

Netherlands, France, Switzerland.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Paul KullmanCommerce Desk Officer: Jen Levine (202) 482-0431


U.S

. Tra

de in

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Bel

giu

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U.S

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05101520253035

1990

1992

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2000

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2004

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Imp

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P

359

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: BRAZIL

U.S. Ambassador to Brazil: Thomas ShannonBrazilian Ambassador to the United States: Mauro Vieira

PROFILEPopulation: 191.9 million* Next Election Scheduled: 2010Capital: Brasilia Head of Government: Luiz Inacio Lula da SilvaGovernment: Federative Republic (President)

ECONOMY• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 1,572.8• 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 8,295*

2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 3.9 5.7 5.1Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%)* 2.5 4.5 4.0CPI (%) 4.2 3.6 5.7Unemployment (%)

‡ 10.0 9.3 7.9


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Brazil Exports to World 137.5 160.6 197.9Brazil Imports from World 91.4 120.6 173.2U.S. Exports to Brazil 18.9 24.2 32.3U.S. Imports from Brazil 26.4 25.6 30.5U.S. Trade Balance with Brazil –7.5 –1.4 1.8

• Rank of Brazil as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 9th Largest (2.5% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Brazil as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 16th Largest (1.5% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Brazil in 2008: Machinery (21%); Aircraft, Spacecraft (17%); Electric

Machinery (11%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (7%); Organic Chemicals (7%); Plastics (6%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Brazil in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (29%); Iron, Steel (11%); Machinery

(9%); Aircraft, Spacecraft (8%); Wood (3%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Brazil 33.1 47.8 45.5FDI into U.S. from Brazil 1.1 1.8 0.8• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Brazil: United States, Netherlands, Cayman Islands,

Switzerland, Spain, Canada.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Danny DevitoCommerce Desk Officer: Maria Cameron (202) 482-0475 Lorrie Fussell (202) 482-4157


U.S

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Bra

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05101520253035

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Billio

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HS Commodity8443 3004 8542 8517 8431 8471 2701 2710 8473 8800

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: CANADA

U.S. Ambassador to Canada: David Jacobson Canadian Ambassador to the United States: Gary Doer

PROFILEPopulation: 33.3 million Next Election Scheduled: N/ACapital: Ottawa Head of Government: Stephen Harper Government: Constitutional Monarchy (Prime Minister)

ECONOMY• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 1,499.6 • 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 45,085

2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 2.9 2.5 0.4Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 2.1 1.4 –0.7CPI (%) 2.0 2.1 2.4Unemployment (%) 6.3 6.0 6.2

• Economic Mix in 2008§: 28% Manufacturing; 70% Services; 2% Agriculture.

FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Canada Exports to World 388.3 420.6 456.6Canada Imports from World 350.0 380.3 408.4U.S. Exports to Canada 230.7 248.9 261.1U.S. Imports from Canada 302.4 317.1 339.5U.S. Trade Balance with Canada –71.8 –68.2 –78.4

• Rank of Canada as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 1st Largest (20.3% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Canada as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 1st Largest (16.1% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Canada in 2008: Vehicles and Parts (17%); Machinery (16%); Electrical

Machinery (9%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (6%); Plastics (4%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Canada in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (34%); Vehicles (14%); Machinery

(6%); Plastics (3%); Electrical Machinery (3%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Canada 205.1 234.0 227.3FDI into U.S. from Canada 165.3 207.9 221.9• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Canada: United States, European Union.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONMinister Counselor for Commercial Affairs: Janice Corbett (acting)Commerce Desk Officer: Emily Barragan (202) 482-4705


U.S

. Tra

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ada

U.S

. Exp

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150

200

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2008

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: CHILE

U.S. Ambassador to Chile: Paul SimonsChilean Ambassador to the United States: José Goñi

PROFILEPopulation: 16.8 million Next Election Scheduled: December 2013Capital: Santiago Head of Government: Michelle Bachelet (President)Government: Republic Sebastian Pinera (President-elect)


2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 4.6 4.7 3.2Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 3.4 3.6 2.1CPI (%) 3.4 4.4 8.7Unemployment (%)

‡ 8.0 7.0 7.8‡•


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Chile Exports to World 55.9 65.8 69.6Chile Imports from World 34.7 42.7 56.5U.S. Exports to Chile 6.6 8.1 11.9U.S. Imports from Chile 9.6 9.0 8.2U.S. Trade Balance with Chile –3.0 –0.9 3.7

• Rank of Chile as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 25th Largest (0.9% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Chile as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 39th Largest (0.4% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Chile in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (30%); Machinery (18%); Vehicles (9%);

Electrical Machinery (7%); Aircraft (4%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Chile in 2008: Copper (34%); Edible Fruit, Nuts (17%); Fish,

Seafood (11%); Wood (8%); Precious Stones, Metals (7%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Chile 10.9 11.6 12.6FDI into U.S. from Chile 0.3 0.3 0.4• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Chile: Spain, United States, Canada, United

Kingdom, Australia.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Mitch LarsenCommerce Desk Officer: Kristen Mann (202) 482-4302


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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: CHINA

U.S. Ambassador to China: Jon HuntsmanChinese Ambassador to the United States: Zhou Wenzhong

PROFILEPopulation: 1.3 billion Next Election Scheduled: 2013Capital: Beijing Head of Government: Wen JiabaoGovernment: Communist State (Premier)



‡ 9.5 9.2 9.0


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008China Exports to World 969.1 1,218.0 1,428.3China Imports from World 791.6 955.8 1,133.4U.S. Exports to China 53.7 62.9 69.7U.S. Imports from China 287.8 321.4 337.8U.S. Trade Balance with China –234.1 –258.5 –268.0

• Rank of China as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 3rd Largest (5.4% of U.S. exports).• Rank of China as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 2nd Largest (16.1% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to China in 2008: Electrical Machinery (16%); Machinery (14%); Grain,

Seed, Fruit (10%); Aircraft, Spacecraft (7%); Plastics (5%).• Principal U.S. Imports from China in 2008: Electrical Machinery (24%); Machinery (19%); Toys,

Sports Equipment (8%); Furniture, Bedding (6%); Footwear (4%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in China 26.5 28.6 45.7FDI into U.S. from China 0.8 0.9 1.2• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to China: Hong Kong, Taiwan, British Virgin Islands,

Japan, South Korea, European Union, United States.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: William ZaritCommerce Desk Officer: Nicole Melcher (202) 482-2515


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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: COLOMBIA

U.S. Ambassador to Colombia: William R. BrownfieldColombian Ambassador to the United States: Carolina Barco

PROFILEPopulation: 48.3 million Next Election Scheduled: 2010Capital: Santa Fe de Bogotá Head of Government: Alvaro UribeGovernment: Constitutional Democracy (President)

ECONOMY• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 240.8• 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 4,989


‡ 12.0 11.2 11.3‡•


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Colombia Exports to World 23.7 29.1 37.1Colombia Imports from World 25.5 32.6 39.1U.S. Exports to Colombia 6.7 8.6 11.4U.S. Imports from Colombia 9.3 9.4 13.1U.S. Trade Balance with Colombia –2.6 –0.8 –1.7

• Rank of Colombia as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 26th Largest (0.9% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Colombia as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 29th Largest (0.6% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Colombia in 2008: Machinery (23%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (8%); Organic

Chemicals (8%); Cereals (8%); Electrical Machinery (8%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Colombia in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (64%); Spices, Coffee, Tea (6%);

Precious Stones, Metals (6%); Live Trees, Plants (4%); Fruits, Nuts (2%); Woven Apparel (2%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Colombia 3.8 4.5 6.3FDI into U.S. from Colombia (D) (D) 0.3• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Colombia: United States, Spain, Anguilla, Panama.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Margaret Hanson-MuseCommerce Desk Officer: Julie Anglin (202) 482-0428


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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: COSTA RICA

U.S. Ambassador to Costa Rica: Anne Slaughter AndrewCosta Rican Ambassador to the United States: Luis Diego Escalante

PROFILEPopulation: 4.5 million* Next Election Scheduled: February 7, 2010Capital: San José Head of Government: Oscar AriasGovernment: Democratic Republic (President)

ECONOMY• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 29.7 • 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 6,544*

2006 2007 2008

Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 8.8 7.8 2.6Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 6.6 5.6 0.6*CPI (%) 11.5 9.4 13.4 Unemployment (%)

†† 6.0 4.6 4.9


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Costa Rica Exports to World 8.5 9.6 9.7Costa Rica Imports from World 12.7 14.1 15.3U.S. Exports to Costa Rica 4.1 4.6 5.7U.S. Imports from Costa Rica 3.8 3.9 3.9U.S. Trade Balance with Costa Rica 0.3 0.6 1.7

• Rank of Costa Rica as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 37th Largest (0.44% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Costa Rica as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 53rd Largest (0.19% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Costa Rica in 2008: Electrical Machinery (30%); Machinery (11%);

Mineral Fuel, Oil (8%); Plastics (7%); Cereals (6%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Costa Rica in 2008: Optical, Medical Instruments (20%); Edible Fruit,

Nuts (18%); Machinery (11%); Electrical Machinery (11%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Costa Rica 2.1 2.3 2.5FDI into U.S. from Costa Rica –0.1 –0.1 0.0• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Costa Rica: United States, Netherlands, Canada,

Mexico, Germany, Spain, Colombia.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Bryan SmithCommerce Desk Officer: Mark Siegelman (202) 482-0704


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. Tra

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. Exp

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

U.S. Ambassador to the Dominican Republic: Christopher Lambert (Chargé d’Affaires)Dominican Republic Ambassador to the United States: Roberto Saladin

PROFILEPopulation: 8.9 million* Next Election Scheduled: May 2012Capital: Santo Domingo Head of Government: Leonel FernandezGovernment: Representative Democracy (President)

ECONOMY• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 44.4• 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 4,992*

2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 10.7 8.5 5.3Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 9.1* 6.9* 3.8*CPI (%) 7.6 6.1 10.6Unemployment (%) N/A N/A 15.5§


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Dominican Republic Exports to the World 6.6 7.2 N/ADominican Republic Imports from the World 12.2 13.6 N/AU.S. Exports to the Dominican Republic 5.4 6.1 6.6U.S. Imports from the Dominican Republic 4.5 4.2 4.0U.S. Trade Balance with the Dominican Republic 0.9 1.9 2.6

• Rank of the Dominican Republic as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 33rd Largest (0.5% of U.S. exports).

• Rank of the Dominican Republic as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 52nd Largest (0.2% of U.S. imports).

• Principal U.S. Exports to the Dominican Republic in 2008: Electrical Machinery (16%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (10%); Machinery (7%); Cereals (6%); Vehicles (6%).

• Principal U.S. Imports from the Dominican Republic in 2008: Electrical Machinery (15%); Optical, Medical Instruments (13%); Precious Stones, Metals (12%); Knit Apparel (12%); Woven Apparel (9%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ millions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in the Dominican Republic 789.0 766.0 960.0FDI into U.S. from the Dominican Republic –105.0 –152.0 –135.0• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to the Dominican Republic: United States, Japan,

European Union, Mexico, Venezuela.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Robert JonesCommerce Desk Officer: Scott Smith (202) 482-1810


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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: ECUADOR

U.S. Ambassador to Ecuador: Heather M. HodgesEcuadorian Ambassador to the United States: Luis Gallegos

PROFILEPopulation: 13.9 million* Next Election Scheduled: 2014Capital: Quito Head of Government: Rafael Correa Government: National Assembly (President)


2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 3.9 2.5 6.5Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 1.4 1.1 5.0*CPI (%) 3.3 2.3 8.4Unemployment (%)

‡‡ 9.7 9.7 N/A


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Ecuador Exports to World 12.7 14.3 18.5Ecuador Imports from World 12.1 13.5 18.6U.S. Exports to Ecuador 2.7 2.9 3.5U.S. Imports from Ecuador 7.1 6.1 9.0U.S. Trade Balance with Ecuador –4.4 –3.2 –5.5

• Rank of Ecuador as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 46th Largest (0.3% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Ecuador as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 35th Largest (0.4% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Ecuador in 2008: Machinery (24%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (15%); Electrical

Machinery (10%); Plastics (9%); Paper (5%); Vehicles (3%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Ecuador in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (81%); Fish, Seafood, Tuna, Shrimp

(5%); Edible Fruit, Bananas (4%); Cut Flowers, Roses (2%); Prepared Meat, Fish, Tuna, Shrimp (2%); Wood (1%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ millions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Ecuador 904 977 1,276FDI into U.S. from Ecuador 19 12 –2• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Ecuador: United States, Germany, Colombia, Spain,

United Kingdom, France, Taiwan.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Eric OlsonCommerce Desk Officer: Matt Gaisford (202) 482-0057


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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: EGYPT

U.S. Ambassador to Egypt: Margaret ScobeyEgyptian Ambassador to the United States: Sameh Shoukry

PROFILEPopulation: 75.2 million* Next Election Scheduled: 2011Capital: Cairo Head of Government: Mohammed Hosni MubarakGovernment: Republic (President)



† 10.6 8.9 8.4


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Egypt Exports to World 13.8 16.1 24.0Egypt Imports from World 20.7 26.9 47.5U.S. Exports to Egypt 4.0 5.3 6.0U.S. Imports from Egypt 2.4 2.4 2.4U.S. Trade Balance with Egypt 1.6 2.9 3.6

• Rank of Egypt as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 36th Largest (0.5% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Egypt as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 66th Largest (0.1% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Egypt in 2008: Cereals (21%); Machinery (17%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (8%);

Iron, Steel (7%); Soybeans (6%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Egypt in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (40%); Woven Apparel (18%); Knit

Apparel (13%); Fertilizers (9%); Textile Floor Coverings (5%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Egypt 6.5 7.5 8.8FDI into U.S. from Egypt –0.118 –0.176 –0.277• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Egypt: N/A.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Margaret (Peggy) KeshishianCommerce Desk Officer: Nate Mason (202) 482-3752


U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

ds w

ith

Egy

pt

U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

01234567

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

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Egy

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Imp

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Rel

ativ

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GD

P

7990

107

130

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020406080100

120

140

160

180

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2005

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Billio

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dolla

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GD

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Billions of dollars


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200

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200

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU-27)

U.S. Ambassador to the European Union: William E. KennardEuropean Union Ambassador to the United States: John Bruton

PROFILEPopulation: 494 million‡ Next Election Scheduled: European Capital: Brussels Parliament, 2014Government: Customs and Monetary Union Head of Government: José Manuel Barroso (President, European Commission)

ECONOMY• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 18,388• 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 36,748


• Economic Mix in 2007‡: 20% Manufacturing; 72% Services; 2% Agriculture.

FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008European Union Exports to World 1,457.9 1,703.6 1,928.4European Union Imports from World 1,698.7 1,967.3 2,306.4U.S. Exports to the European Union 212.7 244.2 271.8U.S. Imports from the European Union 332.1 354.4 367.6U.S. Trade Balance with the European Union –119.4 –110.2 –95.8

• Rank of European Union as U.S. Export Market in 2008: Largest customs union (21.1% of U.S. exports).

• Rank of European Union as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: Largest customs union (17.5% of U.S. imports).

• Principal U.S. Exports to the European Union in 2008: Machinery (18%); Aircraft, Spacecraft (11%); Optical, Medical Instruments (9%); Electrical Machinery (8%); Pharmaceutical Products (7%).

• Principal U.S. Imports from the European Union in 2008: Non-Electrical Machinery (17%); Vehicles (11%); Pharmaceutical Products (9%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (9%); Organic Chemicals (8%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in the European Union 1,257.7 1,504.4 1,630.8FDI into U.S. from the European Union 1,165.6 1,333.0 1,434.1• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to the European Union: United States, Switzerland,

Japan, Canada, Singapore.

DOING BUSINESS RANKING• World Bank Doing Business in 2010 Rank: N/A.

COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONActing Senior Commercial Officer: Val HustonCommerce Desk Officer: David De Falco (202) 482-2178


U.S

. Tra

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Goo

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the

Eu

rop

ean

Un

ion

U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

050100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

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�e

Eu

rop

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Un

ion

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DP

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HS Commodity9021 7108 8471 8517 3002 9018 2710 3004 8703 8800

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: FINLAND

U.S. Ambassador to Finland: Bruce OreckFinnish Ambassador to the United States: Pekka Lintu

PROFILEPopulation: 5.3 million Next Election Scheduled: March 2011Capital: Helsinki Head of Government: Matti VanhanenGovernment: Constitutional Republic (Prime Minister)




FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Finland Exports to World 77.3 90.1 96.8Finland Imports from World 69.5 81.8 92.1U.S. Exports to Finland 2.6 3.1 3.8U.S. Imports from Finland 5.0 5.3 5.9U.S. Trade Balance with Finland –2.3 –2.1 –2.1

• Rank of Finland as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 45th Largest (0.3% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Finland as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 44th Largest (0.3% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Finland in 2008: Vehicles, Not Railway (42%); Machinery (12%);

Electrical Machinery (8%); Optical, Medical Instruments (5%); Special Other (5%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Finland in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (23%); Paper, Paperboard (17%);

Machinery (13%); Electrical Machinery (8%); Optical, Medical Instruments (6%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Finland 2.1 2.2 2.3FDI into U.S. from Finland 7.1 5.4 12.5• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Finland: Sweden, Netherlands, Denmark, United

Kingdom, Germany.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Nick KuchovaCommerce Desk Officer: Jennifer Derstine (202) 482-4414


U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

ds w

ith

Fin

lan

d

U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

01234567 1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

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Billions of dollars

Fin

lan

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Imp

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Rel

ativ

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GD

P

189

196

210

246

274

050100

150

200

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2004

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: FRANCE

U.S. Ambassador to France: Charles H. RivkinFrench Ambassador to the United States: Pierre Vimont

PROFILEPopulation: 62.3 million Next Election Scheduled: May 2012Capital: Paris Head of Government: Nicolas SarkozyGovernment: Federal Republic (President)




FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008France Exports to World 495.9 552.3 606.8France Imports from World 542.0 620.3 705.5U.S. Exports to France 23.5 26.7 28.8U.S. Imports from France 37.0 41.6 44.0U.S. Trade Balance with France –13.5 –14.9 –15.2

• Rank of France as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 11th Largest (2.2% of U.S. exports).• Rank of France as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 10th Largest (2.1% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to France in 2008: Aircraft, Spacecraft (25%); Machinery (12%); Optical,

Medical Instruments (8%); Electrical Machinery (7%); Organic Chemicals (6%).• Principal U.S. Imports from France in 2008: Machinery (17%); Pharmaceuticals (12%); Aircraft,

Spacecraft (11%); Mineral Fuels (8%); Beverages (7%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in France 63.0 70.1 75.0FDI into U.S. from France 147.8 160.1 163.4• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to France: United States, Germany, United Kingdom.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Daniel HarrisCommerce Desk Officer: Jen Levine (202) 482-0431


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U.S

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Fra

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U.S

. Exp

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U.S

. Im

por

ts

05101520253035404550

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

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dolla

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Imp

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P

2.06

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2004

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HS Commodity2701 8111 3822 8471 9018 2710 2937 9701 3004 8800

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8800

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: GERMANY

U.S. Ambassador to Germany: Philip D. MurphyGerman Ambassador to the United States: Klaus Scharioth

PROFILEPopulation: 82.1 million Next Election Scheduled: September 2013Capital: Berlin Head of Government: Angela MerkelGovernment: Federal Republic (Chancellor)

ECONOMY• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billion): 3,673.1• 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 44,729

2006 2007 2008 Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 3.2 2.5 1.2 Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 3.1 2.6 1.4 CPI (%) 1.8 2.3 2.8 Unemployment (%) 9.8 8.4 7.4


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008 Germany Exports to World 1,109.2 1,322.5 1,464.2 Germany Imports from World 907.7 1,056.1 1,206.1 U.S. Exports to Germany 41.2 49.4 54.5 U.S. Imports from Germany 89.1 94.2 97.5 U.S. Trade Balance with Germany –47.9 –44.8 –43.0

• Rank of Germany as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 5th Largest (4.2% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Germany as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 5th Largest (4.6% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Germany in 2008: Vehicles (18%); Machinery (12%); Aircraft, Spacecraft

(10%); Optical, Medical Instruments (10%); Electrical Machinery (10%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Germany in 2008: Vehicles (24%); Machinery (22%); Optical, Medical

Instruments (8%); Electrical Machinery (7%); Pharmaceuticals (7%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Germany 93.6 100.8 110.7FDI into U.S. from Germany 206.0 214.5 211.5• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Germany: United States, Netherlands, Switzerland.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: George RuffnerCommerce Desk Officer: Alexander Gorshenin (202) 482-2434


U.S

. Tra

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Goo

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Ger

man

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. Exp

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U.S

. Im

por

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020406080100

120

1990

1992

1994

1996

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2000

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2004

2006

2008

Billio

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P

2.7

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2004

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HS Commodity7112 8708 8471 2937 9027 8542 9018 3002 8800 8703

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: GUATEMALA

U.S. Ambassador to Guatemala: Stephen G. McFarlandGuatemalan Ambassador to the United States: Francisco Villagrán de León

PROFILEPopulation: 13.7 million* Next Election Scheduled: Sept 2011Capital: Guatemala City Head of Government: Álvaro ColomGovernment: Democratic Republic (President)


2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 5.4 6.3 4.0Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%)* 2.7 3.7 1.5CPI (%) 6.6 6.8 11.4Unemployment (%) N/A N/A N/A


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Guatemala Exports to World 6.0 6.9 7.7Guatemala Imports from World 11.9 13.6 14.5U.S. Exports to Guatemala 3.5 4.1 4.7U.S. Imports from Guatemala 3.1 3.0 3.5U.S. Trade Balance with Guatemala 0.4 1.0 1.3

• Rank of Guatemala as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 42nd Largest (0.37% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Guatemala among Importers to the U.S. in 2008: 56th Largest (0.17% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Guatemala in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (22%); Machinery (10%); Cereals

(7%); Electrical Machinery (6%); Plastics (6%); Cotton Yarn, Fabric (4%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Guatemala in 2008: Knit Apparel (30%); Edible Fruit, Nuts (15%);

Mineral Fuel, Oil (11%); Coffee (11%); Woven Apparel (10%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Guatemala 0.4 0.6 0.9FDI into U.S. from Guatemala N/A N/A –0.04• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Guatemala: United States, Spain, Mexico, Central

America.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Patricia WagnerCommerce Desk Officer: Mark Siegelman (202) 482-0704


U.S

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Gu

atem

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. Exp

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U.S

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00.511.522.533.544.55

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1992

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1996

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2004

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2008

Billio

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Gu

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: HONDURAS

U.S. Ambassador to Honduras: Hugo Llorens

PROFILEPopulation: 7.7 million* Next Election Scheduled: November 2013Capital: Tegucigalpa Head of Government: Porfirio LoboGovernment: Democratic Republic (President)

ECONOMY• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 14.0* • 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 1,826*

2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 6.7 6.3 4.0*Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%)* 4.5 4.2 1.9CPI (%) 5.6 6.9 11.4Unemployment (%) N/A N/A N/A


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Honduras Exports to World# 2.3 2.7 2.8Honduras Imports from World# 5.3 6.5 8.1U.S. Exports to Honduras 3.7 4.5 4.8U.S. Imports from Honduras 3.7 3.9 4.0U.S. Trade Balance with Honduras 0.0 0.5 0.8

#Honduran data do not include trade with free trade (assembly sector) zones.

• Rank of Honduras as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 41st Largest (0.38% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Honduras as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 51st Largest (0.19% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Honduras in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (16%); Cotton Yarn, Fabric (14%);

Electrical Machinery (7%); Knit, Crocheted Fabrics (7%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Honduras in 2008: Knit Apparel (53%); Woven Apparel (13%);

Electrical Machinery (8%); Edible Fruit, Nuts (5%); Seafood (4%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Honduras 0.9 0.6 0.7FDI into U.S. from Honduras –0.01 –0.02 (D)• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Honduras: United States, Canada, Central America,

Europe, Mexico.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONEconomic and Commercial Officer (State): Natalie van der HorstRegional Commercial Counselor for Central America (based in El Salvador): Michael McGee Commerce Desk Officer: Mark Siegelman (202) 482-0704


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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: HONG KONG

U.S. Consul General to Hong Kong: Christopher J. Marut, ActingHong Kong Commissioner for Economic and Trade Affairs in the United States: Donald Tong

PROFILE Population: 7 million Next Election Scheduled: 2012 Capital: Dependency Status (Special Head of Government: Donald Tsang Administrative Region of China) (Chief Executive) Government: Limited Democracy

ECONOMY

• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 215.3 • 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 30,726

2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 7.0 6.4 2.4Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 5.9 5.7 1.5 CPI (%) 2.0 2.0 4.3Unemployment (%) 4.8 4.0 3.5


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Hong Kong Exports to World 322.7 349.7 370.7Hong Kong Imports from World 335.8 370.7 393.4U.S. Exports to Hong Kong 17.7 19.9 21.5U.S. Imports from Hong Kong 7.9 7.0 6.5U.S. Trade Balance with Hong Kong 9.8 12.9 15.0

• Rank of Hong Kong as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 16th Largest (1.7% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Hong Kong as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 42nd Largest (0.3% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Hong Kong in 2008: Electrical Machinery (27%); Precious Stones (16%);

Machinery, Reactors, Boilers (10%); Plastics (6%); Optical, Medical Instruments (6%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Hong Kong in 2008: Electrical Machinery (16%); Precious Stones,

Metals (14 %); Knit Apparel (13%); Woven Apparel (10%); Machinery (5%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Hong Kong 39.6 50.2 51.5FDI into U.S. from Hong Kong 3.0 3.7 4.0• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Hong Kong: Mainland China, Netherlands, United

States, Japan.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Andrew WylegalaCommerce Desk Officer: Tom Dycus (202) 482-2295


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166

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: INDIA

U.S. Ambassador to India: Timothy J. RoemerIndian Ambassador to the United States: Meera Shankar

PROFILEPopulation: 1.2 billion Next Election Scheduled: No later than 2014Capital: New Delhi Head of Government: Manmohan SinghGovernment: Federal Republic (Prime Minister)


2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 9.8 9.4 7.3Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 8.2 7.8 5.8CPI (%) 6.2 6.4 8.3Unemployment (%) 7.0 6.7 6.8‡


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008 India Exports to World 121.3 147.6 178.0 India Imports from World 172.9 217.5 292.8 U.S. Exports to India 9.7 15.0 17.7 U.S. Imports from India 21.8 24.1 25.7 U.S. Trade Balance with India –12.1 –9.1 –8.0

• Rank of India as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 17th Largest (1.4% of U.S. exports).• Rank of India as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 18th Largest (1.2% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to India in 2008: Fertilizer (16%); Precious Stones, Metals (14%); Machinery

(13%); Aircraft, Spacecraft (10%); Electrical Machinery (8%).• Principal U.S. Imports from India in 2008: Precious Stones (22%); Woven Apparel (7%); Iron, Steel

Products (7%); Organic Chemicals (6%); Machinery (6%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in India 9.7 14.5 16.1FDI into U.S. from India 1.4 2.8 4.5• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to India: Mauritius, United States, United Kingdom,

Singapore, Netherlands.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Carmine D’AloisioCommerce Desk Officer: Art Stern (202) 482-3423


U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

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U.S

. Exp

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U.S

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por

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051015202530

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1992

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2008

Billio

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0.7

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HS Commodity8431 8471 2701 7204 2707 8517 7108 7102 8800 3105

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: INDONESIA

U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia: Cameron R. HumeIndonesian Ambassador to the United States: Sudjadnan Parnohadiningrat

PROFILEPopulation: 228.6 million* Next Election Scheduled: 2014Capital: Jakarta Head of Government: Susilo Bambang YudhoyonoGovernment: Republic (President)



‡ 9.1 8.4‡• 8.7‡•


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Indonesia Exports to World 100.8 114.1 137.0Indonesia Imports from World 61.1 74.5 129.2U.S. Exports to Indonesia 3.1 4.0 5.6U.S. Imports from Indonesia 13.4 14.3 15.8U.S. Trade Balance with Indonesia –10.3 –10.3 –10.2

• Rank of Indonesia as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 38th Largest (0.4% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Indonesia as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 28th Largest (0.8% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Indonesia in 2008: Machinery (12%); Grain, Seed, Fruit (11%); Aircraft,

Spacecraft (10%); Cotton Yarn, Fabric (8%); Cereals (7%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Indonesia in 2008: Rubber (13%); Woven Apparel (13%); Knit Apparel

(13%); Electrical Machinery (11%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (5%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ millions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Indonesia 9,484 17,679 17,909FDI into U.S. from Indonesia N/A 125 129• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Indonesia: Singapore, United Kingdom, Japan,

Malaysia, Canada.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Joe KaesshaeferCommerce Desk Officer: Shalizeh Nadjmi (202) 482-3832


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257

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: IRELAND

U.S. Ambassador to Ireland: Daniel M. Rooney Irish Ambassador to the United States: Michael Collins

PROFILEPopulation: 4.4 million Next Election Scheduled: 2011 Capital: Dublin Head of Government: Brian Cowan Government: Republic (Prime Minister)

ECONOMY

• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 267.6• 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 60,510

2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 5.4 6.0 –3.0Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 3.1 3.6 4.9CPI (%) 2.7 2.9 3.1Unemployment (%) 4.4 4.5 6.1


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008 Ireland Exports to World 108.8 121.5 125.6Ireland Imports from World 73.2 83.9 84.1U.S. Exports to Ireland 7.6 7.8 7.6U.S. Imports from Ireland 28.5 30.4 31.3U.S. Trade Balance with Ireland –20.9 –22.6 –23.7

• Rank of Ireland as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 31st largest (0.6% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Ireland as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 14th largest (1.5% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Ireland in 2008: Aircraft, Spacecraft (18%); Machinery (17%); Optical,

Medical Instruments (15%); Pharmaceutical Products (11%); Electrical Machinery (9%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Ireland in 2008: Organic Chemicals (41%); Pharmaceutical Products

(21%); Optical, Medical Instruments (16%); Perfumes, Cosmetics (7%); Machinery (5%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Ireland 86.4 114.9 146.2FDI into U.S. from Ireland 25.5 32.7 34.1 • Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Ireland: United States, United Kingdom, Germany.


Commercial Officer InformationSenior Commercial Officer: Stephen AndersonCommerce Desk Officer: Robert McLaughlin (202) 482-3748


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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: ISRAEL

U.S. Ambassador to Israel: James B. CunninghamIsraeli Ambassador to the United States: Michael Oren

PROFILEPopulation: 7.1 million Next Election Scheduled: N/ACapital: Jerusalem Head of Government: Benjamin NetanyahuGovernment: Parliamentary Democracy (Prime Minister)




FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Israel Exports to World 46.8 54.1 61.3Israel Imports from World 47.8 56.6 65.2U.S. Exports to Israel 11.0 12.9 14.5U.S. Imports from Israel 19.2 20.8 22.3U.S. Trade Balance with Israel –8.2 –7.9 –7.8

• Rank of Israel as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 19th Largest (1.11% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Israel as Source of U.S Imports in 2008: 20th Largest (1.06% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Israel in 2008: Precious Stones, Metals (38%); Machinery (10%); Aircraft,

Spacecraft (9%); Electrical Machinery (7%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Israel in 2008: Precious Stones, Metals (43%); Pharmaceutical

Products (17%); Electrical Machinery (7%); Machinery (6%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Israel 9.2 9.5 10.2FDI into U.S. from Israel (D) 6.6 6.1• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Israel: N/A


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Jonathan HeimerCommerce Desk Officer: Naomi Wiegler (202) 482-1870


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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: ITALY

U.S. Ambassador to Italy: David ThorneItalian Ambassador to the United States: Giulio Terzi di Sant’Agata

PROFILEPopulation: 59.3 million Next Election Scheduled: April 2013Capital: Rome Head of Government: Silvio BerlusconiGovernment: Republic (Parliamentary Democracy) (Prime Minister)

ECONOMY• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 2,313.9• 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 38,996

2006 2007 2008 Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 2.0 1.6 –1.0 Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 1.4 0.8 –1.8 CPI (%) 2.2 2.0 3.5 Unemployment (%) 6.8 6.1 6.8

• Economic Mix in 2006†: 18% Manufacturing; 71% Services; 2% Agriculture. FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008 Italy Exports to World 417.3 500.4 539.6 Italy Imports from World 442.7 512.0 556.2 U.S. Exports to Italy 12.5 14.2 15.5 U.S. Imports from Italy 32.7 35.0 36.1 U.S. Trade Balance with Italy –20.2 –20.9 –20.6

• Rank of Italy as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 18th largest (1.2% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Italy as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 13th largest (1.7% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Italy in 2008: Machinery (14%); Optical, Medical Instruments (9%);

Precious Stones (8%); Electrical Machinery (8%); Mineral Fuels, Oils (8%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Italy in 2008: Machinery (20%); Mineral Fuels (6%); Vehicles, Not

Railway (6%); Pharmaceutical Products (6%); Beverages (5%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008 U.S. FDI in Italy 25.4 26.7 28.7 FDI into U.S. from Italy 9.3 13.3 17.6

• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Italy: United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Thomas MooreCommerce Desk Officer: Robert McLaughlin (202) 482-3748


HS Commodity2701 8703 3004 8411 4703 9018 3001 2710 7110 8800

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: JAPAN

U.S. Ambassador to Japan: John V. RoosJapanese Ambassador to the United States: Ichiro Fujisaki

PROFILEPopulation: 127.7 million* Next Election Scheduled: TBDCapital: Tokyo Head of Government: Yukio HatoyamaGovernment: Constitutional Monarchy (Prime Minister) with a Parliamentary Government

ECONOMY• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 4,910.7 • 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 38,457*

2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 2.0 2.3 –0.7Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%)* 2.0 2.3 –0.7CPI (%) 0.3 0.0 1.4Unemployment (%) 4.1 3.8 4.0


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Japan Exports to World 646.4 714.1 782.2Japan Imports from World 578.8 622.1 761.9U.S. Exports to Japan 58.5 61.2 65.1U.S. Imports from Japan 148.2 145.5 139.3U.S. Trade Balance with Japan –89.7 –84.3 –74.1

• Rank of Japan as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 4th Largest (5.1% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Japan as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 4th Largest (6.6% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Japan in 2008: Optical, Medical Instruments (10%); Aircraft, Spacecraft

(10%); Machinery (10%); Cereals (9%); Electrical Machinery (8%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Japan in 2008: Vehicles (38%); Machinery (21%); Electrical Machinery

(15%); Optical, Medical Instruments (5%); Organic Chemicals (2%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Japan 84.4 81.9 79.2FDI into U.S. from Japan 204.0 230.5 259.6• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Japan: United States, Netherlands, Cayman Islands,

France, Singapore, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Germany.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: John PetersCommerce Desk Officer: Keith Roth (202) 482-5012


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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: MALAYSIA

U.S. Ambassador to Malaysia: James KeithMalaysian Ambassador to the United States: Jamaluddin Jarjis

PROFILEPopulation: 27.3 million Next Election Scheduled: June 2013Capital: Kuala Lumpur Head of Government: Najib Tun RazakGovernment: Constitutional Monarchy (Prime Minister) with Parliamentary Structure



‡ 3.3 3.2 3.3


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Malaysia Exports to World 160.8 176.3 199.8Malaysia Imports from World 131.2 147.1 157.1U.S. Exports to Malaysia 12.4 11.7 12.9U.S. Imports from Malaysia 36.5 32.6 30.7U.S. Trade Balance with Malaysia –24.1 –20.9 –17.8

• Rank of Malaysia as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 21st Largest (1.0% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Malaysia as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 15th Largest (1.5% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Malaysia in 2008: Electrical Machinery (57%); Machinery (12%); Optical,

Medical Instruments (5%); Iron and Steel (4%); Aircraft, Spacecraft (3%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Malaysia in 2008: Machinery (39%); Electrical Machinery (34%); Fats

and Oils (4%); Optical, Medical Instruments (4%); Rubber (3%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ millions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Malaysia 11,185 13,037 13,291FDI into U.S. from Malaysia 488 490 395• Principal Foreign Investors in Malaysia: United States, Singapore, Netherlands, Japan, Australia.

DOING BUSINESS Ranking• World Bank Doing Business in 2010 Rank: 23 of 183 (20 in 2009).

COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATION Senior Commercial Officer: Nasir Abbasi Commerce Desk Officer: Michael Hogge (202) 482-1405


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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: MEXICO

U.S. Ambassador to Mexico: Carlos Pascual Mexican Ambassador to the United States: Arturo Sarukhán

PROFILEPopulation: 106.7 million Next Election Scheduled: 2012Capital: Mexico City Head of Government: Felipe Calderón Government: Federal Republic (President)



‡ 3.6 3.7 4.0


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Mexico Exports to World 250.0 272.0 292.7Mexico Imports from World 256.1 282.0 308.8U.S. Exports to Mexico 133.7 135.9 151.2U.S. Imports from Mexico 198.3 210.7 215.9U.S. Trade Balance with Mexico –64.6 –74.8 –64.7

• Rank of Mexico as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 2nd Largest (11.8% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Mexico as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 3rd Largest (10.3% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Mexico in 2008: Electrical Machinery (16%); Nuclear Reactors, Boilers,

Machinery (15%); Vehicles (9%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (7%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Mexico in 2008: Electrical Machinery (25%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (19%);

Vehicles (15%); Nuclear Reactors, Boilers, Machinery (11%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Mexico 83.0 91.3 95.6FDI into U.S. from Mexico 5.3 6.3 7.9• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Mexico: United States, Spain, Netherlands, Canada,

United Kingdom.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Ann BacherCommerce Desk Officer: David Olsen (202) 482-0507


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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: THE NETHERLANDS

U.S. Ambassador to the Netherlands: Fay Hartog LevinAmbassador of the Netherlands to the United States: Renée Jones-Bos

PROFILEPopulation: 16.7 million Next Election Scheduled: May 2011Capital: The Hague Head of Government: Jan Peter BalkenendeGovernment: Constitutional Monarchy (Prime Minister)



• Economic Mix in 2006†: 74% Services; 13% Manufacturing; 2% Agriculture.

FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008 Netherlands Exports to World 464.0 551.8 638.5 Netherlands Imports from World 417.2 493.4 581.5 U.S. Exports to the Netherlands 31.0 32.8 39.7 U.S. Imports from the Netherlands 17.3 18.4 21.1 U.S. Trade Balance with the Netherlands 13.7 14.4 18.6

• Rank of the Netherlands as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 7th Largest (3.1% of U.S. exports).• Rank of the Netherlands as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 22nd Largest (1% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to the Netherlands in 2008: Mineral Fuel (14%); Optical, Medical

Instruments (13%); Machinery (12%); Pharmaceuticals (11%); Electrical Machinery (9%).• Principal U.S. Imports from the Netherlands in 2008: Minerals Fuels, Oils (27%); Special Other

(15%); Machinery (12%); Beverages (7%); Inorganic Chemicals (5%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008 U.S. FDI in the Netherlands 279.4 389.4 442.9 FDI into U.S. from the Netherlands 182.0 208.2 259.4 • Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to the Netherlands: United States, Japan, United

Kingdom, Germany, Sweden.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Maria AndrewsCommerce Desk Officer: Donald Calvert (202) 482-9128


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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: NETHERLANDS ANTILLES

U.S. Consulate General to the Netherlands Antilles: Timothy J. DunnNetherlands Antilles Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States: Norberto Vieira-Ribeiro

PROFILEPopulation: 0.2 million* Next Election Scheduled: 2010Capital: Willemstad Head of Government: Emily S. de Jongh-ElhageGovernment: Parliamentary (Prime Minister)

ECONOMY• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 4.0‡• • 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 20,408‡•

2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%)

‡ 2.4 3.7 1.9‡•

Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%)‡

0.1 6.2 6.1‡•

CPI (%)‡ 3.1 3.0 6.9

Unemployment (%)‡ 11.3 9.9 N/A

• Economic Mix in 2006: N/A

FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Netherlands Antilles Exports to World‡ 0.7 1.0 0.7Netherlands Antilles Imports from World‡ 2.2 3.0 3.1U.S. Exports to the Netherlands Antilles 1.5 2.1 3.0U.S. Imports from the Netherlands Antilles 1.1 0.8 0.8U.S. Trade Balance with the Netherlands Antilles 0.4 1.3 2.2

• Rank of the Netherlands Antilles as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 48th Largest (0.23% of U.S. exports).

• Rank of the Netherlands Antilles as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 83rd Largest (0.04% of U.S. imports).

• Principal Exports to the Netherlands Antilles in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (49%); Precious Stones (18%); Machinery (5%); Electrical Machinery (3%); Ships and Boats (3%).

• Principal Imports from the Netherlands Antilles in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (72%); Precious Stones (3%); Organic Chemicals (1%); Electrical Machinery (1%); Salt, Sulfur, Earth, Stones (0.4%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in the Netherlands Antilles 3.9 6.5 11.5FDI into U.S. from the Netherlands Antilles 4.7 5.6 6.3

• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Netherlands Antilles: United States, Netherlands, Cayman Islands, Switzerland, Spain, Canada.

DOING BUSINESS RANKING• World Bank Doing Business in 2009 Rank: N/A

COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONConsular, Political, Economic Officer: James E. HoganCommerce Desk Officer: Michelle Brooks (202) 482-4157


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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: NIGERIA

U.S. Ambassador to Nigeria: Robin Renèe Sanders Nigerian Chargé d’Affaires to the United States: Babagana Wakil

PROFILEPopulation: 147.8 million* Next Election Scheduled: Spring 2011Capital: Abuja Head of Government: Umaru Yar’AduaGovernment: Federal Republic (President)


2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 6.2 7.0 6.0Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 3.4 4.1* 3.1*CPI (%) 8.2 5.4 11.6Unemployment (%) N/A N/A N/A

• Economic Mix in 2008†: N/A Manufacturing; 28% Services; 31% Agriculture.

FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008 Nigeria Exports to World 59.2 54.0 80.8Nigeria Imports from World 22.9 32.4 27.8U.S. Exports to Nigeria 2.2 2.8 4.1U.S. Imports from Nigeria 27.9 32.8 38.1U.S. Trade Balance with Nigeria –25.7 –30.0 –34.0

• Rank of Nigeria as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 44th Largest (0.3% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Nigeria as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 11th Largest (1.8% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Nigeria in 2008: Vehicles (24%); Cereals (23%); Machinery (19%); Mineral

Fuel, Oil (10%); Electrical Machinery (5%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Nigeria in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (99%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Nigeria 1.7 1.4 3.4FDI into U.S. from Nigeria N/A N/A N/A• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Nigeria: United States, China, United Kingdom.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Larry FarrisCommerce Desk Officer: Karen Burress (202) 482-5149


U.S

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Nig

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.S. E

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Billio

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Nig

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87

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HS Commodity8502 8800 8704 1502 8429 8701 8431 2710 8703 1001

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: NORWAY

U.S. Ambassador to Norway: Barry B. WhiteNorwegian Ambassador to the United States: Wegger Christian Strommen

PROFILEPopulation: 4.8 million Next Election Scheduled: September 2013 (Legis.) Capital: Oslo Head of Government: Jens Stoltenberg (Prime Minister)Government: Constitutional Monarchy Head of State: King Harald V




FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Norway Exports to World 122.1 136.5 164.1Norway Imports from World 64.3 80.3 87.7U.S. Exports to Norway 2.4 3.0 3.3U.S. Imports from Norway 7.1 7.3 7.3U.S. Trade Balance with Norway –4.7 –4.3 –4.0

• Rank of Norway as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 47th Largest (0.3% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Norway as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 40th Largest (0.4% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Norway in 2008: Machinery (24%); Aircraft, Spacecraft (17%); Optical,

Medical Instruments (10%); Inorganic Chemicals (8%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Norway in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (50%); Electrical Machinery (7%);

Machinery (6%); Pharmaceuticals (4%); Organic Chemicals (4%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Norway 9.7 12.0 10.9FDI into U.S. from Norway 10.4 5.6 6.8

• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Norway: United States, Sweden, Denmark, United Kingdom, France.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Nick Kuchova (Helsinki)Commerce Desk Officer: Jennifer Derstine (202) 482-4414


U.S

. Tra

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Goo

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Nor

way

U.S

. Exp

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U.S

. Im

por

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1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

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Nor

way

's Im

por

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elat

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DP

259

302

337

390

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050

100

150

200

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300

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HS Commodity8802 8471 2713 808 8703 8411 9015 8431 2804 8800

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Civ

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: PANAMA

U.S. Ambassador to Panama: Barbara J. StephensonPanamanian Ambassador to the United States: Jaime Aleman

PROFILEPopulation: 3.4 million* Next Election Scheduled: May 3, 2013Capital: Panama City Head of Government: Ricardo Martinelli Government: Constitutional Democracy (President)

ECONOMY• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 23.1*• 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 6,784*

2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 8.5 11.5 9.2Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%)* 6.7 9.6 7.3CPI (%) 2.5 4.2 8.8Unemployment (%) 8.2 5.7 5.6§§


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Panama Exports to World 1.0 1.1 1.1Panama Imports from World 4.7 6.7 8.9U.S. Exports to Panama 2.7 3.7 4.9U.S. Imports from Panama 0.4 0.4 0.4U.S. Trade Balance with Panama 2.3 3.3 4.5

• Rank of Panama as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 40th Largest (0.38% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Panama as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 97th Largest (0.02% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Panama in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (37%); Machinery (11%); Electrical

Machinery (7%); Vehicles (5%); Aircraft (4%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Panama in 2008: Fish, Seafood (26%); Precious Stones (12%); Mineral

Fuel, Oil (9%); Sugars (4%); Coffee, Tea (4%); Edible Fruit, Nuts (3%); Aluminum (2%); Electrical Machinery (2%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Panama 4.6 6.5 7.2FDI into U.S. from Panama 11.9 1.0 0.9• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Panama: Spain, Hong Kong, United States, South

Korea, Japan.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Daniel CrockerCommerce Desk Officer: Leah Markowitz (202) 482-0621


U.S

. Tra

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Goo

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Pan

ama

U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

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1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

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2004

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2008

Billio

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Pan

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1415

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0510152025

2004

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HS Commodity8525 2304 8517 9504 3303 8471 1005 8703 8800 2710

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: PERU

U.S. Ambassador to Peru: P. Michael McKinleyPeruvian Ambassador to the United States: Luis Valdivieso Montano

PROFILEPopulation: 28.7 million* Next Election Scheduled: Spring 2011Capital: Lima Head of Government: Alan García PérezGovernment: Constitutional Republic (President)


2006 2007 2008 Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 7.7 8.9 9.8 Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 6.1 6.6 8.2* CPI (%) 2.0 1.8 5.8 Unemployment (%)

‡ 7.5 6.9 8.1


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008 Peru Exports to World 23.4 27.6 31.2 Peru Imports from World 15.3 20.5 30.0 U.S. Exports to Peru 2.9 4.1 6.2 U.S. Imports from Peru 5.9 5.3 5.8 U.S. Trade Balance with Peru –3.0 –1.2 0.4

• Rank of Peru as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 35th Largest (0.5% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Peru as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 46th Largest (0.3% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Peru in 2008: Machinery (26%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (19%); Plastics (8%);

Electrical Machinery (9%); Vehicles (4%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Peru in 2007: Copper (16%); Precious Stones, Metals (17%); Mineral

Fuel, Oil (21%); Knit Apparel (13%); Tin (5%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Peru 5.6 7.6 8.5FDI into U.S. from Peru (D) –0.1 0.0• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Peru: Spain, United Kingdom, United States,

Netherlands.

DOING BUSINESS RANKING• World Bank Doing Business in 2010 Rank: 56 of 183 (65 in 2009)

COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: John SimmonsCommerce Desk Officer: Judy Lao (202) 482-1536


U.S

. Tra

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Per

u

U.S

. Exp

orts

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. Im

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1992

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Billio

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Billions of dollars


COUNTRY FACT SHEET: THE PHILIPPINES

U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines: Kristie A. KenneyPhilippine Ambassador to the United States: Willy C. Gaa

PROFILEPopulation: 90.5 million Next Election Scheduled: May 2010Capital: Manila Head of Government: Gloria Macapagal-ArroyoGovernment: Republic (President)



‡ 8.0 7.3 7.4‡•


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Philippine Exports to World 47.0 50.3 49.0Philippine Imports from World 51.5 55.3 56.6U.S. Exports to the Philippines 7.6 7.7 8.3U.S. Imports from the Philippines 9.7 9.4 8.7U.S. Trade Balance with the Philippines –2.1 –1.7 –0.4

• Rank of the Philippines as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 30th Largest (0.6% of U.S. exports).• Rank of the Philippines as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 37th Largest (0.4% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to the Philippines in 2008: Electrical Machinery (50%); Cereals (9%);

Machinery (8%); Optical, Medical Instruments (4%); Food Waste, Animal Feed (3%).• Principal U.S. Imports from the Philippines in 2008: Electrical Machinery (41%); Machinery

(12%); Knit Apparel (8%); Woven Apparel (7%); Fats, Oils (5%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ millions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in the Philippines 6,948 7,066 5,914FDI into U.S. from the Philippines 55 75 21• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to the Philippines: United States, Japan, United

Kingdom, South Korea.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATION Senior Commercial Officer: Patrick Wall Commerce Desk Officer: Michael Hogge (202) 482-1405


U.S

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Billio

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HS Commodity4804 8517 8800 9030 2304 0402 8473 8541 1001 8542

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: POLAND

U.S. Ambassador to Poland: Lee A. FeinsteinPolish Ambassador to the United States: Robert Kupiecki

PROFILEPopulation: 38.1 million Next Election Scheduled: Fall 2010Capital: Warsaw Head of Government: Donald TuskGovernment: Parliamentary Democracy (Prime Minister)



‡ 16.2 12.7 9.8


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Poland Exports to World 110.9 140.4 168.7Poland Imports from World 127.2 166.2 205.0U.S. Exports to Poland 2.0 3.1 4.1U.S. Imports from Poland 2.3 2.2 2.6U.S. Trade Balance with Poland –0.3 0.9 1.5

• Rank of Poland as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 43rd Largest (0.3% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Poland as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 62nd Largest (0.1% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Poland in 2008: Aircraft, Spacecraft (30%); Machinery (12%); Vehicles

(11%); Medical Instruments (7%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (6%); Electrical Machinery (6%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Poland in 2008: Machinery (21%); Electrical Machinery (15%);

Furniture, Bedding (8%); Medical Instruments (5%); Beverages (4%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Poland 6.9 15.2 15.6FDI into U.S. from Poland 4.2 N/A N/A• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Poland: Netherlands, Germany, France,

Luxembourg, United States.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Jim WilsonCommerce Desk Officer: Hilleary Smith (202) 482-3684


U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

ds w

ith

Pol

and U

.S. E

xpor

ts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

0

0.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.5

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

Pol

and'

s Im

por

ts R

elat

ive

to G

DP

253

304

342

425

526

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

GD

PTo

tal i

mp

orts

Imp

orts

from

the

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Billions of dollars

Billions of dollars

HS Commodity8517 9018 8708 8471 3004 4703 8800 2701 8703 8802

Lead

ing

U.S

. Exp

orts

to P

olan

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200

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han

ge fr

om 2

007

00.

20.

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81

1.2

Air

craf

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r ve

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(+12

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Coa

l (+5

75%

)

Civ

ilian

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36%

)

Ch

emic

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pu

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+16%

)

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arm

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ls in

dos

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(+1

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)

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ach

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(+1

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HS

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U.S

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Lead

ing

U.S

. Exp

orts

to P

olan

d


COUNTRY FACT SHEET: RUSSIA

U.S. Ambassador to Russia: John R. BeyrleRussian Ambassador to the United States: Sergey I. Kislyak

PROFILEPopulation: 142 million Next Election Scheduled: December 2011Capital: Moscow Head of Government: Vladimir Putin (Prime Minister)Government: Federal Republic Head of State: Dmitry Medvedev (President)


2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 7.7 8.1 5.6Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 8.2 8.6* 5.7*CPI (%) 9.7 9.0 14.1Unemployment (%)‡ 7.2 6.2 6.3


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Russia Exports to World 226.5 279.7 367.6Russia Imports from World 128.2 189.6 255.6U.S. Exports to Russia 4.7 7.3 9.3U.S. Imports from Russia 19.8 19.3 26.8U.S. Trade Balance with Russia –15.1 –12.0 –17.5

• Rank of Russia as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 28th Largest (0.7% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Russia as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 17th Largest (1.3% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Russia in 2008: Vehicles (22%); Machinery (22%); Meat (14%); Electrical

Machinery (6%); Aircraft, Spacecraft (6%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Russia in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (64%); Inorganic Chemicals (6%);

Precious Stones, Metals (6%); Iron, Steel (6%); Fertilizers (4%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Russia 11.4 14.4 9.2FDI into U.S. from Russia 0.8 0.9 1.7• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Russia: Luxembourg, Cyprus, Netherlands, United

Kingdom, Germany, United States. DOING BUSINESS RANKING

• World Bank Doing Business in 2010 Rank: 120 of 183 (118 in 2009).

COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Beryl BlecherCommerce Desk Officer: Matthew Edwards (202) 482-4365


U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

ds w

ith

Ru

ssia

U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

051015202530

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

Ru

ssia

's Im

por

ts R

elat

ive

to G

DP

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.3

1.7

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.81

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Trilli

ons o

f doll

ars

GD

PTo

tal i

mp

orts

Imp

orts

from

the

Un

ited

Sta

tes


Billions of dollars

HS Commodity8433 8708 8407 8502 0203 8431 8800 8701 0207 8703

Lead

ing

U.S

. Exp

orts

to R

uss

ia in

200

8an

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han

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007

00.

20.

40.

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81

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Pass

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Pou

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Tra

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48%

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Part

s fo

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tin

g m

ach

ines

(+3

%)

Por

k, fr

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froz

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+94%

)

Ele

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ner

atin

g se

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-19%

)

Han

d to

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(+30

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Mot

or v

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(+1

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Har

vest

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mac

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870

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870

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431

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: SAUDI ARABIA

U.S. Ambassador to Saudi Arabia: James B. Smith Saudi Arabian Ambassador to the United States: Adel Al-Jubeir

PROFILEPopulation: 24.9 million Next Election Scheduled: To Be DeterminedCapital: Riyadh Head of Government: King Abdullah Al-SaudGovernment: Monarchy




FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Saudi Arabia Exports to World 211.3 234.9 N/ASaudi Arabia Imports from World 69.8 90.2 N/AU.S. Exports to Saudi Arabia 7.6 10.4 12.5U.S. Imports from Saudi Arabia 31.7 35.6 54.7U.S. Trade Balance with Saudi Arabia –24.1 –25.2 –42.3

• Rank of Saudi Arabia as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 23rd Largest (0.97% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Saudi Arabia as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 7th Largest (2.6% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Saudi Arabia in 2008: Vehicles (30%); Machinery (27%); Electrical

Machinery (7%); Aircraft (6%); Medical Instruments (4%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Saudi Arabia in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (99%); Organic Chemicals

(0.4%); Fertilizers (0.4%); Inorganic Chemicals, Rare Earth Metals (0.1%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Saudi Arabia 4.4 5.0 5.4FDI into U.S. from Saudi Arabia (D) (D) (D)• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Saudi Arabia: United States, Japan, European Union.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Amer KayaniCommerce Desk Officer: Steven Garrett (202) 482-2680


U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

ds w

ith

Sau

di A

rabi

a U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

0102030405060

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

Sau

di A

rabi

a's

Imp

orts

Rel

ativ

e to

GD

P

251

316

357

382

482

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

GD

PTo

tal i

mp

orts

Imp

orts

from

the

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Billions of dollars

Billions of dollars

HS Commodity8429 8413 7606 8415 8414 8803 8800 8431 8411 8703

Lead

ing

U.S

. Exp

orts

to S

audi

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bia

in 2

008

and

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from

200

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0.5

11.

52

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8703

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Pass

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870

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: SINGAPOREU.S. Ambassador to Singapore: Vacant

Singaporean Ambassador to the United States: Chan Heng Chee

PROFILEPopulation: 4.7 million* Next Election Scheduled: August 2011Capital: Singapore Head of Government: Lee Hsien Loong Government: Parliamentary Republic (Prime Minister)


2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 8.4 7.8 1.1 Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 5.0 3.4 –0.6* CPI (%) 1.0 2.1 6.5 Unemployment (%) 2.7 2.1 2.2


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Singapore Exports to World 271.9 299.4 338.1Singapore Imports from World 238.9 263.2 319.7U.S. Exports to Singapore 23.8 25.6 27.9U.S. Imports from Singapore 17.8 18.4 15.9U.S. Trade Balance with Singapore 6.1 7.2 12.0

• Rank of Singapore as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 12th Largest (2.16% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Singapore as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 27th Largest (0.76% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Singapore in 2008: Machinery (22%); Electrical Machinery (24%);

Aircraft, Spacecraft (14%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (8%); Optical, Medical Instruments (6%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Singapore in 2008: Machinery (34%); Electrical Machinery (19%);

Pharmaceutical Products (12%); Organic Chemicals (9%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Singapore 81.9 94.8 106.5FDI into U.S. from Singapore 6.5 11.7 12.7• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Singapore: United Kingdom, United States, Japan.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATION Senior Commercial Officer: Daniel Thompson Commerce Desk Officer: Michael Hogge (202) 482-1405


U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

ds w

ith

Sin

gap

ore

U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

051015202530

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

Sin

gap

ore'

s Im

por

ts R

elat

ive

to G

DP

110

121

139

167

182

050100

150

200

250

300

350

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

GD

PTo

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mp

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Imp

orts

from

the

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Billions of dollars

Billions of dollars

HS Commodity8541 8517 8543 8471 8486 8473 8431 2710 8542 8800

Lead

ing

U.S

. Exp

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to S

inga

por

e in

200

8an

d C

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51

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: SOUTH AFRICA

U.S. Ambassador to South Africa: Donald H. Gips South African Ambassador to the United States: Johnny Moloto (Acting)

PROFILEPopulation: 48.7 million Next Election Scheduled: April 2014 (Parliament Capital: Pretoria and President)Government: Republic—Parliamentary Head of Government: Jacob Zuma Democracy (President)



‡ 23.9 23.3 22.9


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008 South Africa Exports to World 57.9 69.9 80.2South Africa Imports from World 68.2 79.9 91.1U.S. Exports to South Africa 4.5 5.5 6.5U.S. Imports from South Africa 7.5 9.1 9.9U.S. Trade Balance with South Africa –3.0 –3.6 –3.4

• Rank of South Africa as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 34th Largest (0.5% of U.S. exports).• Rank of South Africa as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 34th Largest (0.5% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to South Africa in 2008: Machinery (21%); Vehicles (16%); Electrical

Machinery (8%); Aircraft, Spacecraft (7%); Precious Stones, Metals (5%).• Principal U.S. Imports from South Africa in 2008: Precious Stones, Metals (42%); Vehicles (19%);

Iron, Steel (12%); Ores, Slag, Ash (4%); Machinery (4%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in South Africa 4.0 5.2 4.9FDI into U.S. from South Africa 0.6 0.2 0.6• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to South Africa: United Kingdom, United States,

Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Craig AllenCommerce Desk Officer: Robert Telchin (202) 482-4564


U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

ds w

ith

Sou

th A

fric

a

U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

024681012

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

Sou

th A

fric

a's

Imp

orts

Rel

ativ

e to

GD

P

216

243

258

283

277

050100

150

200

250

300

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

GD

PTo

tal i

mp

orts

Imp

orts

from

the

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Billions of dollars

Billions of dollars

HS Commodity1001 7108 8517 8708 8429 8431 8704 8703 8701 8800

Lead

ing

U.S

. Exp

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to S

outh

Afr

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in 2

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and

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from

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Civ

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8800

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: SOUTH KOREA

U.S. Ambassador to South Korea: Kathleen StephensSouth Korean Ambassador to the United States: Han Duk-soo

PROFILEPopulation: 48.6 million Next Election Scheduled: December 2012Capital: Seoul Head of Government: Lee Myung-bakGovernment: Republic (President) ECONOMY

• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 929.1• 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 19,136*

2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 5.2 5.1 2.2Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 4.8 4.8 2.0*CPI (%) 2.2 2.5 4.7Unemployment Rate (%) 3.5 3.3 3.2


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008 South Korea Exports to World 325.5 371.5 422.0 South Korea Imports from World 309.4 356.8 435.3 U.S. Exports to South Korea 32.2 34.4 34.7 U.S. Imports from South Korea 45.8 47.6 48.1 U.S. Trade Balance with South Korea –13.6 –13.2 –13.4

• Rank of South Korea as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 8th Largest (2.7% of U.S. exports).• Rank of South Korea as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 9th Largest (2.3% of U.S. imports). • Principal U.S. Exports to South Korea in 2008: Electrical Machinery (15%); Machinery (15%);

Cereals (8%); Medical Instruments (7%); Aircraft, Spacecraft (7%).• Principal U.S. Imports from South Korea in 2008: Electrical Machinery (32%); Vehicles (20%);

Machinery (15%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (4%); Iron, Steel Products (4%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in South Korea 27.3 26.9 27.7FDI into U.S. from South Korea 9.5 15.1 15.6• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to South Korea: United States, United Kingdom, Japan.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATION Senior Commercial Officer: John Fogarasi Commerce Desk Officer: Joshua Pierce (202) 482-0961


U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

ds w

ith

Sou

th K

orea

U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

0102030405060

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

GD

PTo

tal i

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from

the

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ited

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0102030405060708090100

Cor

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100

5 8

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Billions of dollars

8800

8473

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2701

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8431

8517

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8443

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Com

mod

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0 0.

5 1

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Civ

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: SPAIN

U.S. Ambassador to Spain: Alan D. SolomontSpanish Ambassador to the United States: Jorge Dezcallar

PROFILEPopulation: 45.6 million* Next Election Scheduled: March 2012

Capital: Madrid Head of Government: José Luis Rodríguez Government: Parliamentary Monarchy Zapatero (Prime Minister)


2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 4.0 3.6 0.9GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 6.4 1.8 0.8CPI (%) 3.6 2.8 4.1Unemployment (%) 8.5 8.3 11.3

• Economic Mix in 2006†: 67% Services; 16% Manufacturing; 3% Agriculture.

FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Spain Exports to World 213.8 253.4 269.0Spain Imports from World 328.9 389.7 403.0U.S. Exports to Spain 7.4 9.8 12.2U.S. Imports from Spain 9.8 10.5 11.1U.S. Trade Balance with Spain –2.4 –0.7 1.1

• Rank of Spain as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 24th Largest (0.95% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Spain as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 32nd Largest (0.53% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Spain in 2008: Pharmaceutical Products (17%); Mineral Fuel, Oils (12%);

Machinery (9%); Aircraft, Spacecraft, Parts (8%); Electrical Machinery (6.8%); Optical, Photo, Medical Instruments (6%).

• Principal U.S. Imports from Spain in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (17%); Electrical Machinery (11%); Pharmaceutical Products (8%); Iron, Steel Products (5%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Spain 49.4 66.6 69.6 FDI into U.S. from Spain 14.0 27.5 38.7• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Spain: United States, Germany, France,

United Kingdom, Japan.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Ellen Lenny-PessagnoCommerce Desk Officer: Donald Calvert (202) 482-9128


U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

ds w

ith

Spa

in

U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

02468101214

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

Spai

n's

Imp

orts

Rel

ativ

e to

GD

P

1.0

1.1

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1.4

1.6

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0.81

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2004

2005

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Trilli

ons o

f doll

ars

GD

PTo

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Imp

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from

the

Un

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Billions of dollars

Billions of dollars

HS Commodity2713 2701 3002 1201 1007 9018 802 8800 2710 3004

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pain

in 2

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3004

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: SWEDEN

U.S. Ambassador to Sweden: Matthew W. BarzunSwedish Ambassador to the United States: Jonas Hafström

PROFILEPopulation: 9.2 million Next Election Scheduled: September 2010Capital: Stockholm Head of Government: Fredrik ReinfeldtGovernment: Constitutional Monarchy (Prime Minister)


2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 4.2 2.6 –0.2Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 5.5 1.8 –0.5CPI (%) 1.5 1.7 3.3Unemployment (%) 7.0 6.1 6.2


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Sweden Exports to World 147.9 169.1 184.0Sweden Imports from World 127.7 152.8 167.6U.S. Exports to Sweden 4.1 4.5 5.0U.S. Imports from Sweden 13.9 13.0 12.5U.S. Trade Balance with Sweden –9.7 –8.6 –7.5

• Rank of Sweden as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 39th Largest (0.4% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Sweden as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 31st Largest (0.6% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Sweden in 2008: Machinery (18%); Optical, Medical Instruments (16%);

Electrical Machinery (13%); Vehicles, Not Railway (8%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Sweden in 2008: Machinery (21%); Vehicles, Not Railway (15%);

Pharmaceuticals (10%); Electrical Machinery (9%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (7%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Sweden 33.9 35.1 43.4FDI into U.S. from Sweden 20.1 42.1 35.0• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Sweden: United Kingdom, Netherlands, United

States, Luxembourg, Finland.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Frank CarricoCommerce Desk Officer: Jennifer Derstine (202) 482-4414


U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

ds w

ith

Sw

eden

U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

0246810121416

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

Swed

en's

Imp

orts

Rel

ativ

e to

GD

P

358

367

394

454

485

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Billio

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dolla

rs

GD

PTo

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from

the

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Billions of dollars

Billions of dollars

HS Commodity9027 8413 9018 8542 8708 8703 8517 2710 8800 9021

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U.S

. Exp

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to S

wed

en in

200

8an

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050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

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Ort

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Civ

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Re�

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Ele

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902

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: SWITZERLAND

U.S. Ambassador to Switzerland: Donald S. Beyer Swiss Ambassador to the United States: Urs Ziswiler

PROFILEPopulation: 7.3 million* Next Election Scheduled: October 2011Capital: Bern Head of Government: Hans-Rudolph MerzGovernment: Confederation–Federal Republic (President)




FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Switzerland Exports to World 147.9 172.1 200.3Switzerland Imports from World 141.5 161.3 183.2U.S. Exports to Switzerland 14.4 17.0 22.0U.S. Imports from Switzerland 14.2 14.8 17.8U.S. Trade Balance with Switzerland 0.02 2.3 4.2

• Rank of Switzerland as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 15th Largest (1.7% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Switzerland as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 25th Largest (0.9% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Switzerland in 2008: Precious Stones, Metals (54%); Pharmaceuticals

(11%); Art, Antiques (7%); Optical, Medical Instruments (5%); Machinery (3%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Switzerland in 2008: Pharmaceuticals (17%); Clocks, Watches (14%);

Machinery (13%); Optical, Medical Instruments (12%); Organic Chemicals (9%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Switzerland 102.0 97.9 123.4FDI into U.S. from Switzerland 134.6 153.3 165.7• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Switzerland: United States, Netherlands, Germany,

France.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Donald BusingerCommerce Desk Officer: Donald Calvert (202) 482-9128


Percent

U.S

. Mar

ket S

har

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Lead

ing

U.S

. Exp

orts

to S

wit

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and

051015202530354045

Gol

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Pre

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etal

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rap

Pain

tin

gsan

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raw

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Ph

arm

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osag

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Civ

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7108

7112

9701

3004

8802

HS

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U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

ds w

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Sw

itze

rlan

d

U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

0510152025

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

Swit

zerl

and'

s Im

por

ts R

elat

ive

to G

DP

363

373

389

427

493

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

GD

PTo

tal i

mp

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Imp

orts

from

the

Un

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tes

Billions of dollars

Billions of dollars

8800

8473

2710

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8471

8431

8517

8542

3004

8443

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0 1

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7108 7112 9701 3004 8800 3002 7102 9021 7113 3003

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Lead

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7


COUNTRY FACT SHEET: TAIWAN

Director of the American Institute in Taiwan: William A. StantonRepresentative, Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office: Jason C. Yuan

PROFILEPopulation: 23 million Next Election Scheduled: Spring 2012Capital: Taipei Head of Government: Ma Ying-jeouGovernment: Multiparty Democracy (President)


2006 2007 2008 Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 4.8 5.7 0.1 Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 4.3 5.3 –0.3 CPI (%) 0.6 1.8 3.5 Unemployment (%) 3.9 3.9 4.1


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008 Taiwan Exports to World 213.0 234.7 243.2 Taiwan Imports from World 202.0 218.6 239.7 U.S. Exports to Taiwan 22.7 25.8 24.9 U.S. Imports from Taiwan 38.2 38.3 36.3 U.S. Trade Balance with Taiwan –15.5 –12.5 –11.4

• Rank of Taiwan as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 13th Largest (1.9% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Taiwan as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 12th Largest (1.7% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Taiwan in 2008: Electrical Machinery (26%); Machinery (16%); Iron,

Steel (5%); Medical Instruments (5%); Organic Chemicals (5%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Taiwan in 2008: Electrical Machinery (40%); Machinery (15%); Iron,

Steel Products (6%); Vehicles (5%); Plastics (4%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Taiwan 17.0 15.7 16.6FDI into U.S. from Taiwan 4.1 4.7 3.9• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Taiwan: United States, United Kingdom, Japan.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Gregory WongCommerce Desk Officer: Brenda Carter-Nixon (202) 482-4009


U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

ds w

ith

Tai

wan

U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

051015202530354045

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

Taiw

an's

Imp

orts

Rel

ativ

e to

GD

P

331

356

366

385

393

050100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

GD

PTo

tal i

mp

orts

Imp

orts

from

the

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Billions of dollars

Billions of dollars

HS Commodity8517 2902 1001 9030 1005 1201 8800 7204 8486 8542

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U.S

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to T

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200

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51

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55

Inte

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icon

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Ele

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: THAILAND

U.S. Ambassador to Thailand: Eric G. JohnThai Ambassador to the United States: Don Pramudwinai

PROFILEPopulation: 66.4 million Next Election Scheduled: December 2011Capital: Bangkok Head of Government: Abhisit Vejjajiva Government: Constitutional Monarchy (Prime Minister) with a Parliamentary Government



‡ 1.0 1.4 1.4


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Thailand Exports to World 130.6 163.1 177.8Thailand Imports from World 128.7 151.7 180.6U.S. Exports to Thailand 7.9 8.3 9.1U.S. Imports from Thailand 22.5 22.8 23.5U.S. Trade Balance with Thailand –14.6 –14.4 –14.5

• Rank of Thailand as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 29th Largest (0.7% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Thailand as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 19th Largest (1.1% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Thailand in 2008: Electrical Machinery (21%); Machinery (18%); Iron,

Steel (5%); Precious Stones, Metals (5%); Optical, Medical Instruments (5%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Thailand in 2008: Electrical Machinery (24%); Machinery (21%);

Rubber (7%); Precious Stones, Metals (5%); Prepared Meat, Fish (5%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ millions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Thailand 10,642 8,850 9,128FDI into U.S. from Thailand 289 354 206• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Thailand: Japan, Germany, United States.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Cynthia Griffin Commerce Desk Officer: Jean Kelly (202) 482-3448


U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

ds w

ith

�ai

lan

d

U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

0510152025

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

�ai

lan

d's

Imp

orts

Rel

ativ

e to

GD

P

161

176

207

246

273

050100

150

200

250

300

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

GD

PTo

tal i

mp

orts

Imp

orts

from

the

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Billions of dollars

Billions of dollars

HS Commodity1001 8800 7108 2707 8517 5201 8541 7204 8473 8542

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U.S

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to �

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nd

in 2

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0.1

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0.8

0.9

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Inte

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ach

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par

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)

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Ele

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Oils

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Gol

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)

8542

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8541

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05101520253035404550

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: TURKEY

U.S. Ambassador to Turkey: James F. JeffreyTurkish Ambassador to the United States: Nabi Sensoy

PROFILEPopulation: 69.7 million Next Election Scheduled: 2012 (Parliamentary)Capital: Ankara Head of Government: Recep Tayyip Erdogan Government: Parliamentary Democracy (Prime Minister)


2006 2007 2008Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 6.9 4.7 1.1Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 6.5 3.5 –0.2CPI (%) 9.6 8.8 10.4Unemployment (%)

‡ 9.8 9.9 10.7


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Turkey Exports to World 85.6 107.4 132.0Turkey Imports from World 139.8 170.4 201.7U.S. Exports to Turkey 5.3 6.5 10.0U.S. Imports from Turkey 5.4 4.6 4.6U.S. Trade Balance with Turkey –0.1 1.9 5.4

• Rank of Turkey as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 27th Largest (0.8% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Turkey as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 48th Largest (0.2% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Turkey in 2008: Iron, Steel (21%); Aircraft, Spacecraft (14%); Mineral Fuel,

Oil (13%); Machinery (9%); Cotton, Yarn Fabric (5%); Electrical Machinery (4%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Turkey in 2008: Iron, Steel (13%); Machinery (8%); Stone, Plaster,

Cement (8%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (7%); Miscellaneous Textiles (6%); Woven Apparel (5%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2005 2006 2007U.S. FDI in Turkey 2.6 3.1 6.0FDI into U.S. from Turkey 0.2 0.2 0.2• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Turkey: Netherlands, United Kingdom, France,

Germany, Belgium, Finland, United States, Italy.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: James FlukerCommerce Desk Officer: Kristin Najdi (202) 482-2908


U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

ds w

ith

Tu

rkey

U.S

. Exp

orts U.S

. Im

por

ts

024681012

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

Turk

ey's

Imp

orts

Rel

ativ

e to

GD

P

392

483

529

649

729

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

GD

PTo

tal i

mp

orts

Imp

orts

from

the

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Billions of dollars

Billions of dollars

HS Commodity9018 8411 1201 2303 8803 2701 5201 2710 8800 7204

Lead

ing

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

U.S. Ambassador to the United Arab Emirates: Richard OlsonUAE Ambassador to the United States: Yousef Al-Otaiba

PROFILEPopulation: 4.8 million Next Election Scheduled: February 2011Capital: Abu Dhabi Head of Government: Khalifa bin Government: Federation Zayid Al-Nuhayyan (President)


2006 2007 2008 Real GDP Growth Rate (%) 9.4 6.3 7.4 Real GDP Per Capita Growth Rate (%) 6.2 0.2 1.2 CPI (%) 9.3 11.1 12.3 Unemployment (%) N/A N/A N/A


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008 UAE Exports to World 142.5 156.6 210.0 UAE Imports from World 98.8 127.0 175.5 U.S. Exports to the UAE 10.3 10.8 14.4 U.S. Imports from the UAE 1.4 1.3 1.3 U.S. Trade Balance with the UAE 8.9 9.4 13.1

• Rank of the UAE as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 20th Largest (1.1% of U.S. exports).• Rank of the UAE as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 74th Largest (0.6% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to the UAE in 2008: Machinery (21%); Vehicles (19%); Aircraft (19%);

Precious Stones, Metals (9%); Electrical Machinery (8%).• Principal U.S. Imports from the UAE in 2008: Aluminum (19%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (16%); Precious

Stones, Metals (13%); Iron, Steel Products (8%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in the UAE 2.67 2.97 3.42FDI into U.S. from the UAE (D) 1.53 2.74• Principal Supplier of Foreign Investment to the UAE: United States.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Laurie FarrisCommerce Desk Officer: Steven Garrett (202) 482-2680


U.S

. Tra

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ds w

ith

Un

ited

Ara

b E

mir

ates

U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

0246810121416

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

�e

Un

ited

Ara

b E

mir

ates

’ Im

por

ts R

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107

135

164

180

260

050100

150

200

250

300

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

GD

PTo

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Imp

orts

from

the

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Billions of dollars

Billions of dollars

HS Commodity8411 8429 8517 7113 8471 7102 7108 8431 8703 8800

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nit

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rab

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irat

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8800

8703

8431

7108

7102

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8802

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: THE UNITED KINGDOM

U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom: Louis B. SusmanU.K. Ambassador to United States: Nigel Sheinwald

PROFILEPopulation: 61.3 million Next Election Scheduled: Spring 2010Capital: London Head of Government: Gordon BrownGovernment: Constitutional Monarchy (Prime Minister)

ECONOMY• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 2,680 • 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 43,734



FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.K. Exports to World 447.2 438.4 483.8U.K. Imports from World 566.1 636.1 669.9U.S. Exports to the United Kingdom 45.4 50.0 53.6U.S. Imports from the United Kingdom 53.5 56.9 58.6U.S. Trade Balance with the United Kingdom –8.1 –6.9 –5.0

• Rank of the United Kingdom as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 6th Largest (4.2% of U.S. exports).• Rank of the United Kingdom as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 6th Largest (2.9% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to the United Kingdom in 2008: Precious Stones, Metals (16%); Machinery

(13%); Aircraft, Spacecraft (13%); Electrical Machinery (8%); Pharmaceutical Products (7%).• Principal U.S. Imports from the United Kingdom in 2008: Mineral Fuel, Oil (14%); Machinery

(13%); Pharmaceutical Products (13%); Vehicle, Not Railway (9%); Organic Chemicals (7%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in the United Kingdom 406.4 424.6 420.9FDI into U.S. from the United Kingdom 414.6 426.5 454.1• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to the United Kingdom: United States, Germany,

Japan, France.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Dorothy LutterCommerce Desk Officer: Robert McLaughlin (202) 482-3748


U.S

. Tra

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Goo

ds w

ith

Un

ited

Kin

gdom

U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

010203040506070

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

Un

ited

Kin

gdom

's Im

por

ts R

elat

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to G

DP

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.8

2.7

0

0.51

1.52

2.53

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Trilli

ons o

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GD

PTo

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Billions of dollars

HS Commodity9018 8517 8471 8703 3002 7112 9701 3004 7108 8800

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to th

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nit

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Civ

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8800

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: VENEZUELA

U.S. Ambassador in Venezuela: Patrick DuddyVenezuelan Ambassador to the United States: Bernardo Álvarez Herrera

PROFILEPopulation: 28.1 million Next Election Scheduled: 2012Capital: Caracas Head of Government: Hugo Chávez Government: Constitutional Republic (President)



‡ 10.0 8.5 7.4


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Venezuela Exports to World 15.8 16.2 5.4Venezuela Imports from World 30.6 41.9 45.1U.S. Exports to Venezuela 9.0 10.2 12.6U.S. Imports from Venezuela 37.1 39.9 51.4U.S. Trade Balance with Venezuela –28.1 –29.7 –38.8

• Rank of Venezuela as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 22nd Largest (1.0% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Venezuela as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 8th Largest (2.4% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Venezuela in 2008: Machinery (27%); Electrical Machinery (12%);

Organic Chemicals (8%); Vehicles (7%); Cereals (7%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Venezuela in 2008: Mineral Fuel (95%); Iron, Steel (1%); Aluminum

(1%); Organic Chemicals (1%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Venezuela 10.9 15.7 17.3FDI into U.S. from Venezuela 5.4 4.2 4.6• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Venezuela: United States, Switzerland, France,

Colombia.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: James KoloditchCommerce Desk Officer: Matthew Gaisford (202) 482-0057


U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

ds w

ith

Ven

ezu

ela

U.S

. Exp

orts

U.S

. Im

por

ts

0102030405060

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

Ven

ezu

ela'

s Im

por

ts R

elat

ive

to G

DP

113

144

184

228

319

050100

150

200

250

300

350

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

GD

PTo

tal i

mp

orts

Imp

orts

from

the

Un

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Sta

tes

Billions of dollars

Billions of dollars

HS Commodity8471 9018 1005 8429 1001 2710 8517 8708 8431 2909

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. Exp

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enez

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pet

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COUNTRY FACT SHEET: VIETNAM

U.S. Ambassador to Vietnam: Michael W. MichalakVietnamese Ambassador to the United States: Le Cong Phung

PROFILEPopulation: 86.2 million* Next Election Scheduled: May 2012 Capital: Hanoi (National Assembly)Government: Communist State Head of Government: Nguyen Tan Dung

(Prime Minister)

ECONOMY• 2008 Nominal GDP (Current US$ billions): 89.8• 2008 Nominal GDP Per Capita (Current US$): 1.042*


‡ 4.8 4.6 4.7


FOREIGN MERCHANDISE TRADE (US$ billions) 2006 2007 2008Vietnam Exports to World† 39.8 48.4 N/AVietnam Imports from World† 44.9 60.8 N/AU.S. Exports to Vietnam 1.1 1.9 2.8U.S. Imports from Vietnam 8.6 10.6 12.9U.S. Trade Balance with Vietnam –7.5 –8.7 –10.1

• Rank of Vietnam as U.S. Export Market in 2008: 49th Largest (0.2% of U.S. exports).• Rank of Vietnam as Source of U.S. Imports in 2008: 30th Largest (0.6% of U.S. imports).• Principal U.S. Exports to Vietnam in 2008: Machinery (12%); Vehicles (12%); Meat (8%); Cotton,

Fabric (7%); Plastic (6%).• Principal U.S. Imports from Vietnam in 2008: Knit Apparel (22%); Woven Apparel (18%);

Furniture, Bedding (11%); Footwear (9%); Mineral Fuel, Oil (8%).

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (US$ millions) 2006 2007 2008U.S. FDI in Vietnam 261 426 473FDI into U.S. from Vietnam –7 1 6• Principal Suppliers of Foreign Investment to Vietnam: Malaysia, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore,

Brunei, Canada, Thailand, British Virgin Islands, Cyprus, South Korea.


COMMERCIAL OFFICER INFORMATIONSenior Commercial Officer: Donald NayCommerce Desk Officer: Hong-Phong Pho (202) 482-3877


U.S

. Tra

de in

Goo

ds w

ith

Vie

tnam U

.S. E

xpor

ts

U.S

. Im

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ts

02468101214

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

Vie

tnam

's Im

por

ts R

elat

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to G

DP

4553

61

71

90

0102030405060708090100

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Billio

ns of

dolla

rs

GD

PTo

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mp

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Imp

orts

from

the

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Billions of dollarsHS Commodity8471 4407 4101 0207 3902 8802 7204 0202 5201 8703

Lead

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U.S

. Exp

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to V

ietn

am in

200

8an

d C

han

ge fr

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007

050

100

150

200

250

300

Pass

enge

r ve

hic

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Cot

ton

(+1

19%

)

Bee

f, fr

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(+3

38%

)

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8703

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7204

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Mill

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Billions of dollars

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