top ten topics from chapter 30. “what is europe now? a rubble heap, a charnel house, a breeding...
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Top Ten Topics from Chapter 30
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“What is Europe now? A rubble heap, a charnel house, a breeding ground of pestilence and hate.”
-- Winston Churchill
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1. Most of the world divides up between the US (tend to be democracies) and the
USSR (dictatorships)
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Inner German Border
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NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
1949
Warsaw Pact (Council for Mutual Economic
Assistance – COMECON) 1955
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U.S. Philosophy of Containment
“Like apples in a barrel infected by disease, the corruption of Greece would infect Iran and all the east. . . likewise Africa. . . Italy. . . France. . . .Not since Rome and Carthage had there been such a polarization of power on this earth”-- U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson
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“I won the Nobel prize for literature, what was your
crime?
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Back to Purging in
the USSR and now Eastern Europe too
Forced laborcamps 1948-1954
Hungary 199
Czechoslovakia 124
Bulgaria 99
Romania 97
Poland 47
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2. Allies of the US do much better economically, esp. in the 1950s & 1960s
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3. Western Europe takes major steps towards economic unity
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European Economic Community
1952
6 members
1973
9 members
1981
10 members
1986
12 members
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4. Decolonization (politically, but not so much economically and culturally)
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5. Domestic policies in the USSR fluctuate . . .
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Nikita Khrushchev (1953-64)
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Leonid Brezhnev (1964-1982)
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6. . . .but the USSR retains tight control over its satellite states
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Czechoslovakia, 1948
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Hungary, 1956
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August 31, 1961
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Prague Spring, 1968Brezhnev Doctrine
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Detante
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Conservative Alliance: Thatcher, Reagan, Kohl
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7. Science oriented toward war and space (“Big Science”)
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8. Class structure becomes less divided
• Greater accessibility of college gives more people educational opportunities
• Service industry greatly expanded (more white collar than blue collar)
• Government programs redistributed wealth: welfare, pensions
• Most people could afford appliances and cars• Most people could afford vacations
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9. Women demand more rights, students demand respect
• More women in the workforce, where they faced discrimination
• Demanding equal pay, maternity leave, day care, right to divorce, legalized abortion, protection from and prosecution of rape
• Students living a very different lifestyle (sex, drugs and rock n’ roll) but demanding respect as adults (there are a lot of people in the generation, it is the baby boom)
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10. 1970s bring economic difficulties
• US spent too much (Marshall Plan, welfare programs, Korean and Vietnam wars)
• OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) embargoed oil sales to the US when the US supported Israel in the Yom Kippur war of 1973
• Austerity measures