top ten things...solid state storage technical work group (sss twg) – performance benchmark...
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Top Ten ThingsYo Need to Kno Abo t SSDs andYou Need to Know About SSDs and
HDDs for Enterprise Applications
John RydningResearch Director, Hard Disk DrivesJeff JanukowiczJeff JanukowiczResearch Manager, Solid State Drives
Changing Data Profiles:Changing Data Profiles:Development of Role-base Storage
60
Consumption of EnterpriseDisk Capacity by Type
CAGR
40
50
60
76.1%
20
30(EB)
47.3%
0
10
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013C t t D t & Cl d
18.7%22.7%
Content Depots & CloudUnstructured dataReplicated dataStructured data
Storage Systems Leverage AvailableStorage Systems Leverage Available Storage Devices
Interface
HDD FC SAS SATA
2.5in 10K
HD
D
Interface
2.5in 15K
3.5in 10K
D Form
Fa
3.5in 15K
3.5in 5 4 & 7 2K
actor and 5.4 & 7.2K
2.5in5.4 & 7.2K
RPM
Storage Systems Leverage AvailableStorage Systems Leverage Available Storage Devices
Interface
SSD FC SAS SATA PCIe
Interface
2.5in
3.5in
SSD F
Module
orm Facto
Rackmount
or
+ InfiniBand, iSCSI, FCoE
Top Ten List
1. Proliferating HDD and SSD form factors
HDD-related Metrics - All Good?100.00
1 00
10.00
or W
atts
)
0.10
1.00
($ o
r GB
o
0.01
$/GBGB/$Watts/GBWatts/GBGB/Watts
A Fundamental Issue
25%50%
25%
Slowing HDDSlowing HDD Areal Density Growth
120%
140%GMR ( + “Pixie Dust”) PMR
80%
100%
40%
60%
20%
40%
0%1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010e 2012e
HDD $$ per GB Y-o-Y Change
0%
15%-10%-5%0%
-30%-25%-20%-15%
-45%-40%-35%-30%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
HDD $$/GB Decline
Top Ten List
1. Proliferating HDD and SSD form factors2. HDD $$-per-GB declines are slowing as p g
areal density growth slows
100.0
I/Os per GB
10.0
r GB)
1.0(IOPs
per
0.1
98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
199
199
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
15,000 (3.5") 10,000 (3.5") 15,000 (2.5")
10,000 (2.5") 7,200 (3.5")
Top Ten List
1. Proliferating HDD and SSD form factors2. HDD $$/GB declines slowing as areal g
density growth slows3. HDD performance is improving, but
very slowly
Watts/HDD over Time1618
68
101214
(Wat
ts)
0246
1998
19
99
2000
20
01
2002
20
03
2004
20
05
2006
20
07
2008
20
09
2010
20
11
19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
15,000 (3.5")10,000 (3.5")15 000 (2 5")15,000 (2.5 )10,000 (2.5")7,200 (3.5")
Storage Tradeoffs in the Enterprise10,000
100
1,000
10,000Other Tradeoffs•Additional spindles
10
100 •Recurring energy for power & cooling
•Floor space
0
1
IOP/W $/GB $/IOP
Floor space
•Maintenance and Reliability
Enterprise SSD HDD (15K)
Balancing these tradeoffs is key
SSDs Deliver IOPs andImprove Latency
Drive IOPs
Drive Access Times
Drive IOPs
7,200HDD
80
10K HDD
7.8ms
HDD10K 2.5” HDD
120
15KHDD
5.5 ms
SSD <60us
10K 3.5”HDD
140
15K 3.5” 170 SSD 60us5 3 5HDD
0
15K 2.5”HDD
190HDDSSD <10K
SSD are about Improving Storage S t Effi iSystem Efficiency
… gains significant system-level performance and a 98% reduction in energy consumption with thea 98% reduction in energy consumption with the
adoption of SSDs
… efficiently reduces cost per video stream and improves system reliability by using SSDs in its digital on-demand systems
6 internal SSD delivered up to 35% higher and better performance on our OLTP tests than a full 24-disk enclosure of 15K RMP SAS HDDs
Top Ten List
1. Proliferating HDD and SSD form factors2. HDD $$/GB declines slowing as areal g
density growth slows3. HDD performance is improving, but
very slowly4. SSDs address both HDD performance
and power-consumption shortfalls
Cost is always a factor
$ / GB of Enterprise SSDs and HDDs
y
p
$10.00
$100.00
2009 ASP of an t i SSD 25
2009 ASP of an t i SSD 25
$1.00
$enterprise SSD was 25xhigher than an average
enterprise HDD
enterprise SSD was 25xhigher than an average
enterprise HDD
$0 01
$0.10
pp
$0.012008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
SSD HDD NAND
Worldwide Solid State Drive 2009–2013 Forecast – Dec 2009
Note: Enterprise SSD tends to use higher price SLC NAND and may be over-provisioned
SSDs are Becoming More AffordableAffordable
100Ratio of $/GB of Enterprise SSDs to Enterprise HDD
70
80
90
$ / GB is always a consideration but not always
50
60
70 consideration, but not always the deciding factor
20
30
40
0
10
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
HE NAND SSDWorldwide Solid State Drive 2009–2013 Forecast – Dec 2009
Top Ten List
1. Proliferating HDD and SSD form factors2. HDD $$/GB declines slowing as areal
d it th ldensity growth slows3. HDD performance is improving, very
slowlyslowly4. SSDs address both HDD performance
and power-consumption shortfallsp p5. Cost is always a factor. Current SSD
prices are inhibiting SSD adoption
SSDs are Not Created EqualqSSD A SSD B SSD C SSD D SSD E
FormForm Factor 3.5“ 3.5” 2.5” 2.5” Module
IOPs
Reads: 46K Up to
Reads: 35 K
Reads: 25K Up to IOPs
Writes: 16K
p180K Writes:
3.3 KWrites:
6K
p115K
Interface FC SAS SAS sATA sATA PCIeInterface FC, SAS SAS sATA sATA PCIe
Active: Active: Active: Active:
Power8.4WIdle:5.4W
7.9WIdle: 3.9W
2.4WIdle:
0.06W
1.9W Idle:
0.6 W
Active:6W
The SSD Landscapep
Standards are coming
• Solid State Storage Initiative (SSSI) of SNIA has created a Solid State Storage Technical Work Group (SSS TWG)– Performance Benchmark Standard: defines
preconditioning, reference test platform, benchmark profiles, etc.
– First draft available to public: 4Q09• JEDEC 64 8• JEDEC 64.8
– Specification for SSD endurance measurement• Solid State Drive Alliance (SSDA)
– Testing of reliability (power cycling data retentionTesting of reliability (power cycling, data retention, endurance) and OS compatibility (Windows 7)
• IDEMA– Standards program for HDDs and SSDs
Top Ten List
6. Industry efforts are underway to help better understand SSDs
Where do SSDs fit? Vertical Requirements Target Application
Portal (IPDC) • Low Latency• Longer Lifecycle• Energy & Space Efficient
Portal Search, Search video, Search index, social networking, web cache
PerformanceDDR SSDs
NAND SSDs
Cloud (IPDC) • High Throughput• Energy and Space
Efficient
High performance database, Virtualization
Financial Services
•Low Latency•Energy & Space Efficient
Transaction processing, OLTP, Analytics
HDD
Greengy p
HPC •High Throughput CAD, CT Scans, Seismic, Visualization, Modeling
Telco (IPTV) •High Throughput•Longer Lifecycle
IPTV, IPDC, VOD, video editing, web casting
External Storage
• Longer Lifecycle• High Throughput• Energy & Space Efficient
OLTP, Databases, Messaging, ERP, CRM, Virtualization, Portals, Data
Reliability
• Energy & Space Efficient tua at o , o ta s, ataWarehousing, Business intelligence, Business analytics, Decision Support
IT • Longer Lifecycle• High Throughput• Energy & Space Efficient
Storage Hierarchyg y
Better Integration is ComingBetter Integration is Coming
Automated data management acrossAutomated data management across tiers of storage
Enables easier moreEnables easier, moreefficient use of SSDs
SoftwareSoftware
Top Ten List
6. Industry efforts are underway to help better understand SSDs
7. Data environments and system architectures influence choice of SSD
Enterprise SSDs – Past and PresentPresent
The Past“SSD ill l
The Present“SSDs complement“SSDs will replace
HDDs” SSDs complement
HDDs”Strong OEM Support …
State of Enterprise SSDs
• Consumer-Grade
State of Enterprise SSDs
• Consumer-Grade
State of Enterprise SSDs
• Enterprise-Ready
State of Enterprise SSDs
• Enterprise-Ready
g pp
• Simple Controllers
• Performance: Poor
• Simple Controllers
• Performance: Poor
te p se eady
• Advanced Controllers
• Performance: Great
te p se eady
• Advanced Controllers
• Performance: Great• Performance: Poor
• Reliability: Questionable
• Performance: Poor
• Reliability: Questionable
• Performance: Great
• Reliability: Greatly Improved
• Performance: Great
• Reliability: Greatly ImprovedImprovedImproved
SSDs will compliment in system architectures
Registers
SRAM
Cost
rman
ce DRAM
Flash
Per
for Flash
SSDs
Performance-Optimized HDDsHDDs
Capacity-Optimized HDDs
Top Ten List
6. Industry efforts are underway to help better understand SSDs
7. Data environments and system architectures influence choice of SSD
8. SSDs will compliment in system architectures
Why the Imbalancey
PerfCap.
Perf.p
Performance-Optimized HDD Trends
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
3.5" Maximum Capacity 600 GB 600 GB 600 GB 600 GB 600 GB NA
3.5" Maximum disks per drive 4 4 4 4 4 NA
3.5" Maximum Spinspeed (RPM) 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 NA
2.5" Maximum Capacity 300 GB 600 GB 900 GB 1.2 TB 1.2 TB 1.5 TB
2.5" Maximum disks per drive 2 3 3 3 3 3
2.5" Maximum Spinspeed (RPM) 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 10,000
Worldwide Hard Disk Drive 2009–2013 Enterprise HDD Forecast – April, 2009 IDC #222797
Capacity-Optimized HDD Trends
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
3.5" Maximum Capacity 2.0 TB 3.0 TB 4.0 TB 5.0 TB 5.0 TB 6.0 TB
3.5" Maximum disks per drive 5 5 5 5 5 5
3.5" Maximum Spinspeed (RPM) 7,200 7,200 7,200 7,200 7,200 7,200
2.5" Maximum Capacity 500 GB 1.0 TB 1.5 TB 2.0 TB 2.0 TB 3.0 TB
2 3 3 3 3 32.5" Maximum disks per drive 2 3 3 3 3 3
2.5" Maximum Spinspeed (RPM) 7,200 7,200 7,200 7,200 7,200 7,200
2.5” capacity < ½ the capacity of 3.5”…
until 2014until 2014Worldwide Hard Disk Drive 2009–2013 Enterprise HDD Forecast – April, 2009 IDC #222797
HDD Form Factor TransitionsHDD Form Factor TransitionsFor Enterprise Applications
%
80%
100%
5.4K and 7.2K rpm
5.4K and 7.2K rpm
20%
40%
60%10K and 15K rpm
0%
20%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
10K and 15K rpm
3.5" Perf. Optimized 2.5" Perf. Optimized3.5" Cap. Optimized 2.5" Cap. Optimized
Worldwide Hard Disk Drive 2009–2013 Enterprise HDD Forecast – April, 2009 IDC #222797
Top Ten List6 Industry efforts are underway to help6. Industry efforts are underway to help
better understand SSDs7 Data environment and system7. Data environment and system
architectures influence choice of SSD8. SSDs will compliment in system8. SSDs will compliment in system
architectures9. Performance-optimized 3.5" HDDs are p
reaching end of life. In contrast, growing use of capacity-optimized HDDs
Who is This?
An HDD Technologist….
HDD Technology Introduction:HDD Technology Introduction: Relative Cost
PMR
DSA
DTM / BPM
HAMR
Lower Cost (But Complex)Lower Cost (But Complex) HDD Technology Options
• 4KB Sectors• Iterative decodingIterative decoding
error correction code (ECC)• Fly height sensors to improve• Fly height sensors to improve
dynamic fly height“Shi l d” “b d d” iti• “Shingled” or “banded” writing… intentionally overwriting tracks???
The 5 TB HDD
SASDSA DTM or
HAMR?
SAS
HAMR?
Shingled 4KBShingled Writing
4KB Sectors
Embedded NAND
3.5” Capacity-Optimized HDD
$125 $0 70
$100
$125
$0.50$0.60$0.70
$75 $0.20$0.30$0.40
$50
004
005
006
007
008
009
010
011
012
013
014
$0.00$0.10
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
201
2012
2013
2014
HDD ASP HDD Price per GB
Worldwide Hard Disk Drive 2009–2013 Enterprise HDD Forecast – April, 2009 IDC #222797
Top Ten List10 Technology is being ‘stuffed’ into HDDs10.Technology is being stuffed into HDDs
to increase storage capacity– $$/GB will continue to decline$$/GB will continue to decline– But capacity-optimized HDD ASPs may
actually increase
Takeaway PointsTakeaway Points• Storage system architectures today are diverse,
demanding diversity of HDD and SSD form factors.C i i i d HDD l ($$/GB)• Capacity‐optimized HDDs are lower cost ($$/GB) than performance‐optimized HDDs, but increasingly include features not found on the SATA HDDs used in PCs; expect ASPs to riseSATA HDDs used in PCs; expect ASPs to rise.
• SSD adoption grows slowly over time due to cost, and the time to absorb SSD technology adoption at the storage system levelthe storage system level.
• SSDs used in conjunction with Capacity‐Optimized HDDs is not automatically disastrous to HDD industry profitabilityindustry profitability.
• SSDs will complement HDDs in many storage systems architectures, including storage systems designed for “clouds”designed for clouds .
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