Top-quark production at LHC

Javier Fernández

For the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations

27th Rencontres de Blois on “Particle Physics and Cosmology”Blois 2/6/2015

Top quark(s) production• Top pair production at the LHC through gg (>84%) and qq

• Single-top production (at LO)– t-, Wt-, s-channel

• LHC Run 1: per experiment (approximately)– 6M top-quark pair events (1/second)– 2M t-channel single-top events– 150k s-channel single-top events– 10k tt+W/Z– 3k tt+Higgs– 20 tttt

• Sensitive to new physics & test of perturbative QCD• Can constrain modeling (PDF, ISR/FSR)• Important background to many Higgs and BSM searches

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Top quark decay

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• Decays ~100% to W-boson and b-quark → |Vtb| ~ unity

• Final state topology depends on W decay

Vtb

t→Wb, W→jets or lepton + v

Learning about top quark• ATLAS TOP Public Page:

– https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/AtlasPublic/TopPublicResults

• CMS TOP Public Page:– https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/CMSPublic/PhysicsResultsTOP

• Every topic deserves a dedicated long presentation:

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Differential

CMS PAS TOP-12-027ATLAS-CONF-2014-057ATLAS-CONF-2014-057CMS PAS TOP‐14‐004CMS PAS TOP-12-028

CERN‐PH-EP-2014‐222JHEP 11 (2014) 154

ATLAS-CONF-2012-130

MultitopCross sections

tt+V (V=g,W,Z) covered in next talk by Kelly Beernaert

tt + cc/bb

CMS PAS TOP-12-024Phys.Rev. D89 (2014) 072012

arXiv:1411.5621

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Inclusive measurements

Top pair inclusive cross section• Very precise QCD prediction to NNLO with

NNLL corrections available since 2013• All measurements are systematics limited• Best results from dilepton analyses• All measurements agree with predictions• Experimental uncertainties challenge

theoretical ones!

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8TeV

Theoretical uncertainty 5.5%

Experimental uncertainty 3.5%

~3.9% including LHC beam energy uncertaintity

Inclusive top-pair production: Summary

• Excellent progress both on the theory and experiment sides!

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Theory band represents uncertainties due to

renormalisation and factorisation scale,

parton density functions and the strong coupling

LHC WG : https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/LHCPhysics/TopLHCWG

Single top inclusive production

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Upper limit √s [TeV]

t-channel

Wt production

s-channel

Different processes sensitive to new physics

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Differential measurements

Top pair differential measurement• Differential cross sections as a function of top and top decay products kinematic.

– Measurements performed in both fiducial (visible) and full phase space– Probe perturbative QCD, test and tune MC models with measurements

• Top quark full kinematic reconstruction necessary and background subtraction• Unfolding techniques used (correcting bin to bin migration):

– Account for acceptance and detector effects (resolution, efficiency, etc.)– Correct observed distributions to particle or parton-level– Compare with generators and/or calculations to unfolded data distribution

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Kin. Reconstruction

▪ Background subtraction▪ Unfolding

Diff. cross sectionExample for l+jets

@8TeV

Top pair differential measurement

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Fiducial (a.k.a. visible) particle-level differential cross-section:

• Experimentally directly accessible region

• Correct for detector response only (resolutions and efficiency)

• Minimally model dependent

Full phase-space extrapolation:• Model dependent

Parton-level:• Remove hadronization effects• Model dependent

Fiducial Detector to

Particle level

Particle to Parton level

Top pair differential measurement tests

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Generators

Global event

variables and syst.

shifts

PDFs

NLO

Top pair differential: pseudo-top• Pseudo-top and tt built from objects directly related to

particle-level observables (leptons, jets, ETmiss)• Strongly correlated with top quark at parton level,

reduced model dependence• Data/MC comparisons sensitive to PDF sets and models• Main systematics: b-tagging, jet energy, ISR/IFR parton

shower

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Extending measurement

from particle-level to construct top proxy (pseudo-

top) from particle level objects

Top pair differential: boosted

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First boosted (lepton+jets) top pair differential cross-section w.r.t. hadronic top:- top ID with jet substructure techniques - Jet reconstruction algorithms up to TeV range- anti-kt jet with R=1.0, pT

t > 300GeV• Main systematics: large-R jets energy scale (15-30%)• NLO and LO MC normalized to NNLO+NNLL QCD predictions overestimate data (at higher pT). Better description by Powheg+Herwig at parton level• Modeling uncertainty much larger at parton level!

Fiducial Particle level

Full phase-space Parton level

tt+jets: fiducial differential vs njets

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ATLAS l+jets @7TeV CMS dilep @8TeV

Total systematics on jet multiplicity: 10 to 30%(background modeling and jet energy scale)• Data discriminate models and validate choice of scale• POWHEG+PYTHIA with tuning of hard radiationbest overall description (accuracy and consistency)

MadGraph+Pythia6 showing generally good agreement with the data

Normalization reduces Syst. Unc.

Single top t-channel: differential• Differential cross sections as functions of top pT and rapidity

– Comparison with MC after showering/hadronization using different modeling for b-quarks

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CMS-PAS-TOP-14-004

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tt + cc/bb

𝜎 (𝑡 𝑡 𝑏𝑏 )𝜎 (𝑡 𝑡 𝑗𝑗 )

=0.022±0.004 (𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡 )±0.005 (𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡 )𝑎𝑡 𝐽𝑒𝑡 𝑝𝑇>40𝐺𝑒𝑉

tt+cc/bb

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Dilepton @7TeV CMS PAS TOP-12-024

Dilepton @7TeV 2D fit: (jet pT, vertex mass) ATLAS Phys.Rev. D89 (2014) 072012

MADGRAPH/POWHEG: 0.013/0.014 ± 0.002

Dilepton CMS@8TeV: Fit to b-tag discriminator performed on signal plus background categories. Dominant systematic: mistag efficiency

ALPGEN+HERWIG = 3.4%POWHEG+HERWIG = 5.2%

arXiv:1411.5621

Predictions systematically lower than observed ratios

𝜎 (𝑡 𝑡 𝑏𝑏 )𝜎 (𝑡 𝑡 𝑗𝑗 )

=[3.6±1.1 (𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡 )±0.9 (𝑠𝑦𝑠 )]%

𝑅𝐻𝐹=𝜎 (𝑡 𝑡+𝑏+𝑋 𝑜𝑟 𝑡 𝑡+𝑐+𝑋 )

𝜎 (𝑡 𝑡+ 𝑗 )=𝜎 (𝑡 𝑡+𝐻𝐹 )𝜎 (𝑡 𝑡+ 𝑗 )

=[6.2±1.1 (𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡 )±1.8 (𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡 )]%

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tttt

Multi-top: tttt

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• σ(tttt) SM ≈ 1 fb @ 8 TeV (MG)• Many BSM models predict enhancement of this

cross section (SUSY squark/gluino decays)

• No significant excess observed over SM expectations

• Cross section limit:• Observed: 32 fb (25 x SM)• Expected: 32 ± 17 fb

• Will be of interest for Run 2• 4-top production cross section

~9-15 times larger

ATLAS 7TeV result (same sign dilepton) produced 95% CL limit on (exotic) four top quarks from contact interaction: <61 fb (obs.) < 90fb (exp.)

ATLAS-CONF-2012-130CERN- PH- EP-2014-222

JHEP 11 (2014) 154

Conclusions/Summary• Rich and mature top physics program @ Run 1

– Single top measured in its 3 signatures– Inclusive and differential cross sections– Study of Multitop & tt+HF

• Precise and extended cross section :– Theoretical calculations challenged by precision of

experimental data (in an hadronic collider)• Top community eager to look at new LHC data

– A factor of 2 more top-pair events in 2015!!

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Backup

Overview of top pair differential measurements

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Fiducial particle level vs

Full phase-space Parton level

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~10 x Fiducial Particle level(solid marker

types)

Full phase-space Parton level

(empty marker types)

Note:different scales!

Fiducial parton levelvs

Fiducial Pseudo-top

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Note:different scales due to change to Pseudo-top (quality reco cuts)

Fiducial vs FullParticle vs Parton

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Phase space: total, fiducial, observed

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Top pair inclusive mtop=173.34• Very precise QCD prediction to NNLO with

NNLL corrections available since 2013• All measurements are systematics limited• Best results from dilepton analyses• All measurements agree with predictions• Experimental uncertainties challenge

theoretical ones!

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8TeV

Theoretical uncertainty 5.5%

Experimental uncertainty 3.5%

~3.9% including LHC beam energy uncertaintity

Summary Single top: t-channel@8TeV

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5.3%

14%

Inclusive Cross Sections 7TeV• All final states investigated (except

tautau)• Similar event selection in dilepton

and lepton+jets modes– All hadronic: at least 6 high-pT jets, at

least 2 b-tagged– Tau+jets: at least 3 high-pT jets (>1 b-

tagged) + tau jet; fed into ANN

• Measurements from likelihood fits• Data-driven estimates for main

backgrounds• Good agreement between data and

predictions• CMS dilepton (4.2%) more precise

than LHC combination!

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LHC 7TeV Combination

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The detectors

Coverage

Tracking |h|<2.5

2.52.4

ECAL |h|<3.0 & Tracking |h|<2.5

mm

Electromagnetic Calorimeter |h|<3.2

Reminder: CMS detector

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TrackerHigh granularity Silicon detector. | |<h 2.5Pixels: sensors 100x150 μm2. 66M channels.Strips: pitch 80-183 μm. 9.6M channelsSolenoidSuperconduting solenoid in NbTi. High magnetic field (3.8 T) surrounds the tracker and calorimeters. Inside the muon chambers the magnetic field value is 1.8 T

ECALPbWO4 crystals |h|<3.High segmentation: 0.0174x0.0174 in ηxΦ.

Muon SystemDT, RPC, CSC. Coverage up to |η|<2.4.

HCALMade of brass alloy and iron.

tt+g

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• Sensitive to top charge and top-photon couplings• Background to tt+H, H→gg

ATLAS l+jets@7TeVObservation + fiducial cross sectionPhys. Rev. D 91, 072007 (2015)

CMS m+jets@8TeVCMS-PAS-TOP-13-011

In agreement with NLO predictions

tt+W,Z

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Eur. Phys. J. C 74 (2014) 3060CMS-TOP-14-021

Channels: 2L(SS,OS),3L Channels: 2L(SS,OS), 3L, 4L

Limits on the vector and axial couplings of the Z boson to the top quark, and on dimension-six

operators parameterizing new physics

ATLAS-CONF-2014-038

Channels Expected (fb) Observed (fb)

ttZ: OS+3L+4L

ttW: SS+3L