tooting!!! not kyla’s l to r: vernetta noble brenda hines kyla johnson
TRANSCRIPT
Tooting!!! Not Kyla’s
L to R:
Vernetta Noble
Brenda Hines
Kyla Johnson
Background
• Environmental waste on the Navajo Reservation
• No infrastructure
• Health concerns
• Standard septic systems
Background
• Factors affecting soil permeability– Depth– Slope– Structure– Texture
• Sand
• Silt
• Clay
Soil Textural Classes
Copyright. Brady, Nyle C. The Nature and Properties of Soils. Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1999. Permission Granted.
Description
• Monitoring water and waste disposal– Indian Heath Service (IHS)– Navajo Nation Environmental Protection
Agency (NN EPA)
• Soil analysis study• Developed a code and flow chart that was
user-friendly
Math Modeling
• Determined soil texture of Reservation soils
• Looked for a ‘best fit’ equation
• Decided data lent itself to a code using symbolic logic of the conditional type
Math Modeling
Clay Content 3
y = 28.265e-0.1365x
R2 = 0.9414
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 10 20 30 40 50
% Clay Content
Pe
rme
ab
ilit
y (i
nch
es
pe
r h
ou
r)
Series1
Expon. (Series1)
Code
• Provide a program
• User friendly
• Determines soil content
• Practical solution for waste disposal
Code
Results
• Lack of infra-structure (legal and physical)
Conclusion
• Reservation soils are not conducive to traditional septic systems
• The Navajo Nation needs to work on its infra-structure
• Residents should explore alternative means of waste disposal
Recommendations
• Future teams extend investigation to ground water testing
• Do more cost analysis and environmental assessments of home sites
Acknowledgements
• Dr. Richard Allen• Stephen Austin• Dr. Bahe Billy• Pernell Charley• Consult• Steve Dykstra• Francis Johnson
• Leon Knowlton• Danny Murray• Vernon Nez• Dr. Mick O’Neill• [email protected]• Dr. Dave Zachmann
Bibliography• Brady, Nyle C. The Nature and Properties of Soils. Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1999.• Keetch, C. Wesley. Soil Survey of San Juan County. USDA. 1980.• Lucas, John F. Introduction to Abstract Mathematics. Wadsworth, Inc. 1986.• Parrill, Frank & Blacksheep Jr., Allan H. Navajo Nation Range Management
Handbook. The University of Arizona. 1981.• Saxon, K.E. http://www.bsyse.wsu.edu/saxton/soilwater/ [Online]. Available.• Woodson, R. Dodge. The McGraw-Hill Civil Engineering PE Exam Guide.
McGraw-Hill. 2001. • http://mn.water.usgs.gov/bemidji/results/panel2.pdf• http://spacelink.nasa.gov/• http://www.nrcs.usda.gov• http://www.terraserver.com• http://www.nima.mil/• http://www.bsyse.wsu.edu/saxton/soilwater/• http://spacelink.nasa.gov/NASA.Projects/Earth.Science/Land/Landsat/• http://earth.jsc.nasa.gov/query.cgi