Tools of Geography

Core Concept 1 (3-15)

The Study of the Earth

• KEY TERMS• geography• cardinal direction• sphere• latitude• degree • hemisphere• longitude

latitude numbers

Recall that latitude lines run around the globe in a/an ____________ direction. They really measure the distance from the _______________.

The boundary separating the northern and southern hemispheres is the ____________.

What is Latitude?east-west

equator

equator

latitude numbers

Another name for latitude lines is ________________ because they are always the same distance apart. Latitude tells how far _____________ of the equator you are.

What is Latitude?parallelsnorth or south

longitudenumbers

Longitude lines, also called ____________, run in a north-south direction and meet at the poles. The one going through Greenwich, England is the first, or ________________.

What is Longitude?

Notice how the degrees count on this map. By 5s, 10s, 20s, or what?

meridiansprime meridian

So, were you thinking of 15?

The prime meridian divides the globe into two hemispheres. The one on the left is the ___________________ and the one on the right is the ___________________.

Longitude tells how far ________ or _________ of the prime meridian you are.

What is Longitude?western hemisphere eastern hemisphere

east west

EASTERNWESTERN

The map below is in fourths, or quadrants. When coordinates are given, the latitude will be north or south of the equator by some number of degrees. It is given first.

The longitude will be east or west of the prime meridian in degrees, and comes second.

Put the Ideas Together

longitudenumbers

latitude numbers

Get ready to take a trip around the world.

On your matching map, find and label with an “A” New Orleans, Louisiana 30°N latitude, 90°W longitude

THINK: above the equator and left of the prime meridian

A.

Next, on your matching map, find and label with a “B” Brasilia, Brazil 15°S latitude, 45°W longitude

THINK: below the equator and left of the prime meridian

A.

B.

Next, on your matching map, find and label with a “C” Dakar, Senegal 15°N latitude, 15°W longitude

THINK: above the equator and left of the prime meridian

A.

B.

C.

Next, find and label with a “D” Stockholm, Sweden 60°N latitude, 15°E longitude

THINK: above the equator and right of the prime meridian

A.

B.

C.

D.

Next, find and label with a “E” Cairo, Egypt 30°N latitude, 30°E longitude

THINK: above the equator and right of the prime meridian

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

Use a ruler to connect the dots in order, A through J with straight lines. Remember, however, that this is a flat map but that you went around the globe.

Do NOT freehand, but use a ruler.

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F. G.

H.

I.

Finally when you finish…

J.

Let’s Review and Check• Latitude lines run around the globe in a/an ____________ direction. They really

measure the distance from the _______________. • The boundary separating the northern and southern hemispheres is the

____________. • Another name for latitude lines is ________________ because they are always the

same distance apart. Latitude tells how far ___________ or _________ of the equator you are.

• Longitude lines, also called ____________, run in a north-south direction and meet at the poles. The one going through Greenwich, England is the first, or __________________.

• The prime meridian divides the globe into two hemispheres. The one on the left is the ___________________ and the one on the right is the ___________________.

• Longitude tells how far ________ or _________ of the prime meridian you are. • When coordinates are given, the one that is always given first is ____________.

east/westequator

equator

parallelsnorth south

meridians

prime meridian

western hemisphere eastern hemisphere

east west

latitude

Five Themes of Geography

• MR. HELP

• Movement• Region• Human- Environment Interaction• Location(relative location- absolute location)• Place

Movement

• How and why people, ideas, and products move from one place to another.

Movement

• Examples:– People (Trains, Planes,

Cars, etc,)– Things like Products

(Shipping, Trade)– Information (Technology,

Religion, Government)

Region

• A Region is an area of land with one or more common characteristics.

Common Characteristics Are…

• Landforms• Religion• Location• Historical

Background• Language Spoken

Human-Environment Interactions

• How do the people affect the environment?

• How does the environment affect the people?

People Affecting the Environment:

• Cutting down trees• Building a dam• Putting up a parking lot• Flying in the skies

The Environment Affecting the People:

• Hurricanes • Volcanic Eruptions• Drought• Earthquakes

Location

• Absolute Location-You can pinpoint any place on earth by locating where it is from the Equator, and the Prime Meridian (Latitude, Longitude)

• Relative Location- describes where a place on the globe is in relation to another place.

Place

• Place includes a description of a locations…– Animals– Natural Resources– Natural Vegetation– Climate

5 Themes of Geography CubeFirst & Last Name and decorate name cube (5points)

Label one box Location, write the definition, and put a picture. (5points)

Label one box Place, write the definition, and put a picture. (5points)

Label one box Movement, write the definition, and put a picture. (5points)

Label one box Region, write the definition, and put a picture (5points)

Label one box HEI, write the definition, and put a picture. (5points)

Is each picture neat, colored and reflect each term correctly?

• _____ total points out of 30• Due ____________________________

Ways to Show Earth’s Surface

• GLOBES• PHOTOGRAPHS• Geographic information systems • Map Projections

Google earth.com vs. Flat maps

Understanding Maps

• Look at maps on page 10 and 11• Map Activity

Physical Maps

Political Map

Product Map

Special Purpose Map

Review

• Video of Silent Review