“tools” of foreign policy. national interests foreign policy (actions taken in pursuit of...
TRANSCRIPT
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“Tools” of Foreign Policy
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National Interests
Foreign Policy(Actions taken in pursuit of interests)
“Tools” of Foreign Policy(Specific actions)
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“Carrot – and – stick”Originated from the traditional alternatives of getting a donkey to move by either holding out a carrot or whipping it with a stick.
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Carrot–and–stick foreign policy:
The phrase ''carrot and the stick'' is used nowadays to characterize a foreign policy by which a nation…
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Key “Tools” of Foreign Policy
What are they?The specific actions …
Three groups:
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Diplomatic Tools
Diplomacy: •
• “Tool of first resort” used to resolve differences peacefully.
• Carried out by (Official representatives of a
country).
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Current Secretary of State?
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Secretary of State heads State Department
• Advises President on• Negotiates agreements with foreign countries.• Represents the U.S. abroad and in international
organizations.
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• Diplomacy may involve summits (face to face talks) between world leaders / heads of state.
Bilateral summits
Multilateral summit
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Diplomatic Relations:The formal contact established between two governments that
• Diplomatic recognition is extended to each other’s governments.
• _____________________are exchanged.
• _______________________are opened in eachother’s capitals.
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Marines Guarding U.S. Embassy in Baghdad
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Countries the U.S. does NOT have diplomatic relations with:
*
• Iran
*
• Bhutan
• Taiwan*
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Diplomacy can lead to formation of alliances.• Formal agreements between nations to defend each other in the case of attack.
• Based on the idea of collective security.
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Our most important alliance?
NATO
NATO meeting at NATO headquarters in Brussels, Belgium.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
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NATO’s Expansion: 28 Members Today1949U.S.CanadaU.K.FranceItalyPortugalIcelandNorwayBelgiumNetherlandsDenmarkLuxembourg
1952GreeceTurkey
1955West Germany
1982Spain
1990East Germany
1999PolandHungaryCzech Republic
2004SloveniaSlovakiaBulgariaRomaniaEstoniaLatviaLithuania
2009CroatiaAlbania
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NATO Today
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Major “Non-NATO Allies” of the U.S.
Argentina
MoroccoEgypt Jordan
IsraelKuwaitQatarPakistan
South KoreaJapanThailandPhilippines
AustraliaNew Zealand
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Diplomatic Sanctions • Sanctions are punishments or
penalties imposed on a targetedstate to persuade that state to change its behavior.• Examples of diplomatic sanctions:
Breaking off relations.
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Terms Related to Diplomacy
and Attempts to Improve
Relations Between States
Remember: Eddie’s Dad Raised Normal Ducks
Engagement
Détente
Rapprochement
Normalization
Diplomatic Relations
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Terms Related to Diplomacy
A policy of involvement with another country through direct talks and negotiations in an effort to improve relations.
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Terms Related to Diplomacy
An easing of tensions or a decrease in the level of hostility between states.
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Terms Related to Diplomacy
Means “to approach” or come together with the intent of establishing or reestablishing friendly relations.
Describes a reconciliation between nations that have had poor relations.
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Terms Related to Diplomacy
The establishment or reestablishment of full diplomatic relations between nations. The governments extend recognition to each other at this point.
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Economic Tools
Economic rewards:
•Foreign Aid
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What percentage of the U.S. federal budget is spent onforeign aid?
0.6%
What percentage of the U.S. federalbudget should gotowards foreignaid?
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The lifting (removal) of ________________
Economic Rewards (con’t)
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Economic Punishments:
• Sanctions Boycotts
Refusal to buy
Cut off all trade
• Trade restrictions:
Taxes on imports Quotas
Limits on imports
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Economic Sanctions Are Controversial
l
Critics say...
•
• They can backfire by isolating sanctioned countries or causing their leaders to become even more repressive or aggressive.
•
• They hurt U.S. businesses by cutting the markets in which they can sell their products.
Discussion on Failure of Sanctions
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III. Tools Related to Military Force
• Part of a policy of coercion (Attempting to force or compel another state to do something)
•
• Carries high costs and serious risks. Human lives are at stake.
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The strategic positioning of military forces around the world.
Using Military Force … Many Options:
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Would include…
• Clandestine activities Secret / undercover
• Subversive activities. Designed to undermine/ overthrow a government.
• Espionage SpyingCovert CIA Op Valerie Plame
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“Boots on the Ground”
Iraq Afghanistan
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