tools hand and power & machine safeguardingsafety.tamucc.edu/h/machinesafeguarding.pdf · osha...

OSHA Office of Training and Education 1

Tools – Hand and Power & Machine

Safeguarding


Hazards Power & hand tool hazards:

Falling , flying objects

Abrasive, splash

harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, and gases

frayed or damaged electrical cords, hazardous connections and improper grounding


Basic Tool Safety Rules • Maintain regularly

• Use right tool for the job

• Inspect before use

• Operate according to manufacturers’ instructions

• Use the right personal protective equipment (PPE)

• Use guards


Hand Tool Hazards Hazards are usually caused by misuse and improper maintenance

Do not use:

wrenches when jaws are sprung

impact tools (chisels and wedges) when heads have mushroomed

tools with loose, cracked or splintered handles

a screwdriver as a chisel

tools with taped handles – they may be hiding cracks

Crack


Hand Tools - Protection Use PPE, such as safety goggles and gloves

Keep floor surface where working free from debris and tripping or slipping hazards

Keep cutting tools sharp


Power Tools Must be fitted with guards and safety switches

Extremely hazardous when used improperly

Different types, determined by their power source: Electric Pneumatic Liquid fuel Hydraulic Powder-actuated


Switches Hand-held power tools must be equipped with one of the following:

Constant pressure switch shuts off power upon release Examples: circular saw, chain saw, grinder, hand-held power drill

On-Off Switch Examples: routers, planers, laminate trimmers, shears, jig saws, nibblers, scroll saws


Power Tools - Precautions • Disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing and cleaning, and when changing accessories

• Keep clear of people not involved with the work

• Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both hands to operate the tool

• Don’t hold the switch button while carrying a plugged-in tool

• Keep tools sharp and clean

• Consider what you wear – loose clothing and jewelry can get caught in moving parts

• Remove damaged electric tools & tag them: “Do Not Use”


Power Tools – Precautions Electric Cords

Don’t carry portable tools by the cord

Don’t use electric cords to hoist or lower tools

Don’t yank cord or hose to disconnect it

Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil, and sharp edges


To protect a worker from shock, these tools must: have a 3-wire cord plugged into a grounded receptacle be double insulated, or be powered by a low-voltage isolation transformer

Electric Power Tools

Double insulated markings

Plug with a grounding pin


Electric Tools – Good Practices

• Operate within design limits

• Use gloves and safety shoes

• Store in a dry place

• Don’t use in wet locations unless approved for that

• Keep work areas well lit

• Ensure cords don’t present a tripping hazard


Abrasive Wheels and Tools May throw off flying fragments

Equip with guards that: Cover the spindle end, nut, & flange projections Maintain proper alignment with the wheel Don’t exceed the strength of the fastenings

Guard so that a minimal amount of the wheel is exposed


Guarding

Guard exposed moving parts of power tools Guard belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, flywheels, chains, or other moving parts Never remove a guard when a tool is in use

OSHA Office of

Training and

Education

14

Requirements for

Safeguards Prevent contact - prevent worker’s body or clothing

from contacting hazardous moving parts

Secure - firmly secured to machine and not easily removed

Protect from falling objects - ensure that no objects can fall into moving parts

Create no new hazards - must not have shear points, jagged edges or unfinished surfaces

Create no interference - must not prevent worker from performing the job quickly and comfortably

Allow safe lubrication - if possible, be able to lubricate the machine without removing the safeguards


Methods of Machine Safeguarding Guards

• fixed

• interlocked

• adjustable

• self-adjusting

Devices

• presence sensing

• pullback

• restraint

• safety controls (tripwire cable, two-hand control, etc.)

• gates


• The point of operation is where the work is actually performed on the materials

• It must be guarded

Guarding - Point of Operation

This shows

a radial arm

saw

equipped

with proper

point of

operation

guards


Guarding Protection

Machine guards must protect the operator and others from:

Point of operation

In-running nip points

Rotating parts

Flying chips and sparks

Nip Point


Guard to prevent the operator from

coming in contact the rotating blade

Radial Saw Guarding

Radial arm saw

equipped with an

upper and lower

blade guard

19

Fixed Guard

Provides a barrier - a permanent part of the machine, preferable to all other types of guards.

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Interlocked Guard

When this type of guard is opened or removed, the tripping mechanism and/or power automatically shuts off or disengages, and the machine cannot cycle or be started until the guard is back in place.

Interlocked guard on revolving drum


21

Adjustable Guard

Provides a barrier which may be adjusted to facilitate a variety of production operations.

Bandsaw blade adjustable guard


22

Self-Adjusting Guard

Provides a barrier which moves according to the size of the stock entering the danger area.

Circular table saw self-adjusting guard


23

Safeguarding by

Location/Distance

Locate the machine or its dangerous moving parts so that they are not accessible or do not present a hazard to a worker during normal operation

Maintain a safe distance from the danger area


24

Some Examples of OSHA Machine Guarding Requirements . . . .


25

Guarding Fan Blades

When the periphery of the blades of a fan is less than 7 feet above the floor or working level, the blades must be guarded with a guard having openings no larger than 1/2 inch.


26

Abrasive Wheel Machinery • To prevent the work from being jammed

between the wheel and the rest, which may result in wheel breakage

• Work rests must be ≤ 1/8-inch from the wheel


27

Abrasive Wheel Machinery

The distance between the wheel periphery and the adjustable tongue must never exceed 1/4-inch.


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Power-Transmission Apparatus

Power-transmission apparatus (shafting, flywheels, pulleys, belts, chain drives, etc.) less than 7 feet from the floor or working platform must be guarded.

Unguarded belt

and pulley



Guard these saws above and below the base plate or shoe. The lower guard must cover the saw to the depth of the teeth.

Guarding Portable Circular Saws


Use a hood for guarding

Hood guard

Table Saw Guarding


Pneumatic Tools Powered by compressed air

Includes nailers, staplers, chippers, drills & sanders

Main hazard - getting hit by a tool attachment or by a fastener the worker is using with the tool

Take the same precautions with an air hose that you take with electric cords

Nail Gun - Cut-Away View


Compressed Air Cleaning

Don’t use

compressed air for

cleaning

Exception - where

reduced to less

than 30 p.s.i. with

effective chip

guarding and PPE


Liquid Fuel Tools Usually gas powered Main hazard – fuel vapors Use only approved flammable liquid containers Before refilling a fuel-powered tool tank, shut down the engine and allow it to cool


Powder-Actuated Tools User must be trained and licensed to operate Test tool each day before loading to ensure the safety devices are working properly Wear suitable ear, eye, and face protection Select a powder level that will do the work without excessive force


Fatal Fact Employee killed when struck in head by a nail fired from a powder actuated tool.

Tool operator was attempting to anchor a plywood form in preparation for pouring a concrete wall


Jacks To set up a jack, ensure: • The base is on a firm, level surface • It’s centered • The jack head is placed against a level surface • You apply the lift force evenly Lubricate and inspect jacks regularly


Jacks - Capacity The manufacturer's rated capacity must be marked on all jacks and must not be exceeded

All jacks must have a stop indicator that is not exceeded


Immediately block the load after it is lifted. Put a block under the base of the jack when the foundation is not firm, and place a block between the jack cap and load if the cap might slip.

Jacks - Blocking

Photo - handyman jack is provided a firm base by using the railroad tie.

The load is cribbed to prevent it from falling.

• Operating a chain saw is inherently hazardous.

• Potential injuries can be minimized by using proper personal protective equipment and safe operating procedures.

Chain Saw Safety

Before Starting a Chain Saw

• Make sure that the chain is always sharp and the lubrication reservoir is full.

• Start the saw on the ground or on another firm support. Drop starting is never allowed.

• Start the saw at least 10 feet from the fueling area, with the chain’s brake engaged.

Fueling a Chain Saw

• Use approved containers for transporting fuel to the saw.

• Dispense fuel at least 10 feet away from any sources of ignition when performing construction activities. No smoking during fueling.

• Never attempt to fuel a running or HOT saw.

Chain Saw Safety

• Clear away dirt, debris, small tree limbs and rocks from the saw’s chain path. Look for nails, spikes or other metal in the tree before cutting.

• Shut off the saw or engage its chain brake when carrying the saw on rough or uneven terrain.

• Keep your hands on the saw’s handles, and maintain secure footing while operating the saw.

• Proper PPE must be worn when operating the saw, which includes hand, foot, eye, face, hearing and head protection.

Chain Saw Safety

• Do not wear loose-fitting clothing.

• Be careful that the trunk or tree limbs will not bind against the saw.

• Watch for branches under tension, they may spring out when cut.

• Gasoline-powered chain saws must be equipped with a protective device that minimizes chain saw kickback.

• Be cautious of saw kick-back. To avoid kick-back, do not saw with the tip. If equipped, keep tip guard in place.

Please wear a

when you work outdoor


Summary Hazards are usually the result of improper tool use or not following one or more of these protection techniques:

Inspecting the tool before use

Using PPE

Using guards

Properly storing the tool

Using safe handling techniques

QUIZ

Click on the following link to take the online quiz. Call E,H&S @ Ext. 5555 for questions. You must pass with 100% correct. Good luck!

http://www.jotform.com/form/12780705021

http://www.quiz-creator.com/qms/quiz.php?u80111q14888v1976344983





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