Kenneth LimKenneth.lim@nus.edu.sg

29, 30 & 31 Jul 2014

Tools for your Biological Sciences Research (Life Sciences Year II Students)

Outline• Using the Library

• Overview of Search Strategies

• Information Sources & Evaluation

• Citations & Plagiarism

• Bibliographic Software & Introduction to EndNote

• Guides, Tools and Tips

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NUS Libraries Portal (http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg)

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Loan Entitlement for Undergraduates

20 items14 days3

renewals4

http://www.battenkillbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/stack_of_books21.jpg

How do I Borrow a Book?FAQ: http://libfaq.nus.edu.sg/a.php?qid=79581

Literature Search Cycle

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Breakdown the Research topic into concepts

Identify key Information

Sources

Develop a Search Strategy

Locate Additional Information

Sources

Manage Citations

http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/content.php?pid=165681&sid=1733290

Types of Database Searches

• Keyword / Phrase Searche.g. Using “horseshoe crab” in Web of Science /Google

• Field Search e.g. Using Raffles Bulletin of Zoology in the Publication Name field in Zoological Record

• Subject Heading / Thesaurus Search e.g. Using neoplasms (instead of cancer) as aMeSH (Medical Subject Headings) term in PubMed

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Boolean Connectors

OR - either of the terms may be present. Used for broadening a searche.g. roundworms OR nematodes

AND - both terms must be present. Used for narrowing a search.e.g. parasites AND intestine

NOT - eliminate an unwanted concept or worde.g. parasites NOT flatworms

( ) – grouping words or phrases and specifying the order in which Boolean operations occur when multiple operations are present e.g. (A OR B) AND C

A OR (B AND C) 7

Exact vs. Wildcard Search“ ’’- searches the exact phrase enclosed within the quotes

e.g. “avian influenza”

* - represent any group of characters or no characters (useful for representing various forms of a term) e.g. biol* - for biology, biological, biologist, biologists

? - represent any single character (useful for singular/plural forms)e.g. cat? - for cat, cats

$ - represent one character or no characters e.g. behavio$r , colo$r , vapo$r (useful for finding both British & American spellings)

Note: Wildcards and usage are dependent on the database8

Types of Information SourcesInformation Sources Examples

Primary SourcesPresents the original research information and empirical data.

•Experimental results•Theses & Dissertations•Conference Proceedings•Journal articles

Secondary SourcesReview or restate information in Primary Sources or other Secondary Sources.

•Review articles•Bibliographies•Databases

Tertiary SourcesProvides overviews of topics by synthesizing information gathered from other sources.

•Dictionaries•Encyclopedias•Textbooks

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Current

Dated

Recommended Online Resources

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Type of Information Recommended E-ResourceMulti-disciplinary Bibliographic Databases Web of Science / Scopus

Biomedical & Life Sciences BIOSIS PreviewsAnimal Biology & Taxonomic Reference Zoological RecordMedicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Healthcare & Life Sciences

PubMed (MEDLINE)

Experimental Protocols and Demonstration Videos

Springer ProtocolsWiley Current ProtocolsJoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments)

Chemical Substance Structure / Properties & Reaction Searching

Reaxys / SciFinder (registration)

Newspaper Articles / Local Content Factiva / Lexis-Nexis / NewspaperSG

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Guidelines for Evaluation of ResourcesCriteria Questions

Authority Author’s Credentials, Subject Expert?

Accuracy Information is Valid and Reliable

Objectivity & Purpose Any Bias?

Review process Publication Peer-Reviewed?

Suitability Academic /Scholarly Journal (Journal Impact Factor, Immediacy Index)

Timeliness When was the Information published?

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Production of Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL)

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Source: http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/06/st_processcrab/?pid=5836&viewall=true

Alternative: recombinant Factor-C (r-FC)

13http://media.drugdevcompare.com/m/7/Product/57499-1-400x300.jpghttp://media.drugdevcompare.com/m/7/Product/57499-2-400x300.jpg

Research Topics

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Topic 1:Population studies of Asian Horseshoe Crabs

Topic 2:Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) and Recombinant Factor C (rFC) as tests for airborne endotoxins

Image Source: http://animals.m-y-d-s.com/aquatic/horseshoe_crab/

Construction of Search StatementStep 1: Identify concepts/keywords

Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) and Recombinant Factor C (rFC) as tests for airborne endotoxins

Step 2: Generate synonyms, alternate terms, abbreviations

airborne: air, aerial, dust, aerosol endotoxin: pyrogen, lippopolysaccharide, LPS

Step 3: Construct search statement (initial search)

(endotoxin* AND (air* OR dust*)) AND ("limulus amebocyte lysate" OR "recombinant factor c" )

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Plagiarism• What is Plagiarism?• A piece of writing that has been copied from someone

else and presented as being your own work. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th Ed.)

• The act of taking someone’s words or ideas as if they were your own.

• Avoiding Plagiarism • CIT Preventing Plagiarism site

http://www.cit.nus.edu.sg/plagiarism-prevention/

• Proper citation of information sources• turnitin software• Plagiarism Spectrum

http://turnitin.com/assets/en_us/media/plagiarism_spectrum.php

Citations & BibliographyTwo places to cite the references you have used:

• within a sentence (in-text citation)

• at the end of the document (bibliography/references)

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Why cite?

• To acknowledge the contributor(s) of ideas used in writings

• To lend support to arguments by referring to authoritative sources

• To help readers verify your claims

• To show research done

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Introduction to Bibliographic Software & EndNote

A software that:

• stores and organises references from many sources

• inserts these references into a Word document, and

• automatically formats your references according to a predefined citation style

19Comparison of Reference Management Software

EndNote Online Guide

http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/endnote

http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/endnote

EndNote Workflow

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1. Create an EndNote Library

2. Add references to the EndNote Library

3. Manage references: using groups & finding duplicates

4. Insert references in MS Word (Cite While You Write)

5. Change citation style and edit preferences

Step 1: Create an EndNote Librarya. All programs > EndNote > EndNote Programb. File > Newc. Filename: Test (*.enl)d. Save

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Hands-on

Step 2: Add References to the Library

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DirectExport

Import Text File

Manual Inputtin

g

EndNote Library

Cite While You Write

MS Word

Import PDF

Online Search

Method 1: Direct ExportExport references directly from database

a. At the database, select the records you want

b. Save, output, export or send to EndNote (Look for “RIS format”)

c. Click Open to transfer records to your EndNote library

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Method 2: Import .txt FileUsed when references cannot be exported to EndNote.

Very few databases e.g. Factiva

a. At the database, select the records you wantb. Export text (.txt) file and save on desktopc. In EndNote, go to File > Importd. Browse and select the .txt filee. Select Import option > Other filters

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Which filter to use? http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/content.php?pid=96551&sid=3508846

Method 3: Online SearchSearch free databases (e.g. PubMed) and library

catalogues (e.g. LINC, Library of Congress)

a. Go to Online Search Mode > More

b. Select a free database or catalogue, e.g. NATL U of Singapore

c. In the online search pane, search by exact title of book or conference proceeding

d. Copy the reference to Local Library Mode

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NATL

Method 4: Import PDF FilesExtracts references from PDF files

PDF must contain a Digital Object Identifer (DOI) and is not a scanned document.

a. In EndNote, go to File > Import

b. Choose either file or folder, and change Import Option > PDF

Note: If the author, title, journal, etc, fields are not auto-populated, the PDF could be of the wrong format or have an incorrect DOI

New in X7 - PDF auto-import folderWhats new in EndNote X7 (Video)

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Method 5: Manual Inputting

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Video: http://youtu.be/30u5_b9d5D4

Step 3: Duplicate References To set criteria:• Edit > Preferences > DuplicatesTo find duplicates:• References > Find Duplicates

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Managing References: Custom vs. Smart Groups

Custom Groups

Create folders to group (categorise) references

Smart Groups

Automatically group references based on your search criteria, e.g.: author/year/title contains/is/word begins with…

Note: Any references added to EndNote will be automatically filed in the group, with immediate effect

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Step 4: Cite While You Write (CWYW)

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• Use MS Word to insert citations into your paper

• Create a paper with properly formatted references, bibliography, figures & tables

• Tip: Do NOT edit the citations and bibliographies in Word. Edit the reference in the EndNote Library only

• Tip: To locate citation and bibliography fields, change the MS Word’s Field Shading option

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EndNote Tab & Field ShadingIf EndNote is properly installed, you will see the EndNote

tab in Word

After you add references, Field shading shows up as text highlighted in grey.

Inserting Citations

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Method 1: Find Citationa. EndNote X7 tab:

Insert citation > Find Citationb. Search for a word in any field (e.g. title, author)c. Select the references that you want to insert into your paper

Method 2: Insert Selected Citation(s)a.In EndNote library, select a citationb.Go to Word and place cursor at insertion pointc.Click on Insert Citation > Insert Selected Citation(s)

Editing Citations & References

Edit & Manage Citation(s)

E.g. add page numbers, exclude author, exclude year

Edit Library Reference(s)

Place cursor in the citation, click on Edit library references and make the necessary changes. Next, click on Update citations and bibliography

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Step 5: Change Style & Create a Bib Section

To change the citation styleEndNote X7 tab:Click on Style > Select Another Style…

To create bibliography section*a. Bottom right corner of Bibliography

group > Layout > Bibliography titleb. Type References (or Bibliography)

*The bibliography section appears only when you insert a citation

*New in X7 - Create sections within Bibliography 35

Backing Up Library (1)Method 1: Save a Copy

Creates an exact copy of the library xxx Copy.Data and xxx Copy.enl

• File > Save a Copy…

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Online Database Guides & Resources• Biological & Life Sciences Subject Guide

http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/biology

• PubMed Resourceshttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/disted/pubmedtutorial/

• Web of Science (includes BIOSIS Previews & Zoological Record) http://wokinfo.com/training_support/training/

• Scopus Resourceshttp://help.scopus.com/Content/h_tutorials.htm

Library Proxy Stem/BookmarkletNUS Libraries Proxy Stemhttp://libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/login?url=

e.g. Prefix a URL with the NUS Libraries Proxy Stem

http://www.springerlink.com/content/e440n0431724460v/

http://libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/login?url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/e440n0431724460v/

Installing the NUS Libraries Proxy Bookmarklet:FAQ: http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/content.php?pid=199108&sid=1665223

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Accessing Full-Text via Google ScholarSetting up NUS Libraries access in Google Scholar : FAQ: http://libfaq.nus.edu.sg/a.php?qid=260648

Alternate direct link: http://scholar.google.com/schhp?hl=en&inst=13660462560571941651

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Accessing Full-Text via PubMedSetting up NUS Libraries access in PubMed: FAQ: http://libfaq.nus.edu.sg/a.php?qid=260692#.US2nFFeQg8k

Direct link: http://libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?myncbishare=nuslib&holding=isgnuslib_fft

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Thank You!

Please fill in the feedback form at:

http://bit.ly/bsf31Jul14

Contact me at:

Kenneth Lim kenneth.lim@nus.edu.sg

Science Library sclib@nus.edu.sg

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Games & Lucky Draws

28 Aug 2014 10am - 5pm

Book SaleProceeds go to NUS

Annual Giving Bursary

28 - 29 Aug 2014

NUS Libraries

http://j.mp/erdd2014

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