Action Research

2011-2013

Rural areas, small towns and

low-income urban areas

Goal: sustainable Water and

Sanitation services

Sustainability starts with

affordable technologies

Sound for the specific context

Can be locally managed and

maintained

April 2013

Photo: Jo Smet, 2013

Present focus on conventional technologies

No/slow uptake of innovative WASH technologies

No systems to validate new technologies

No introduction process for validated technologies and

go to scale

Photo: Jo Smet, IRCPhoto: HenkHoltslag, Connect Int.

Photo: Ned Breslin, WaterAid/Water-for-People

April 2013

April 2013

TAF

Technology Applicability Framework

&

TIP

Technology Introduction Process

Context

Technology

SCREENING

Need

andApplicabilit

y

Technical Function

Characteristics

Performance

ASSESSMENTof technology applicability

using 18 indicators

Perspectiveof key actors

User-

Bu

ye

r

Oth

er

Institu

tio

ns

Dim

en

sio

ns

Soc

Econ

Env

Inst

Know

Tech

TAFTechnology Applicability Framework

Pro

du

ce

r-P

rovid

er

Investment

model

Dimensions:

Soc = Social

Econ = Economical and Financial

Env = Environmental

Inst =

Institutional, legal,

organisational

Know = Knowhow and skills

Tech = Technological

April 2013

Technology Introduction Process (TIP)defines tasks for actors involved in each phase of introduction process

TIP

Applicable for different cost models, e.g. fully subsidised capital

investment and zero subsidised market-based approach

April 2013

Uptake + O&MTIPPING

POINT

INVENTION

High

Technology

Time

Successful

Technology

Introduction

UPTAKE & USE

Uptake [number of units

installed providing services]

Actors

Inven

tio

n

Tip

pin

g P

oin

t

Up

take +

Use

Specific tasks

per actor and

phase

Technology Introduction Process

Actors Actors

Developed and tested in Burkina

Faso, Ghana, Uganda

April 2013

• Ghana: (i) Ghana Modified India Mark II (ii) Slow sand filter

• Uganda: (i) Urine diversion latrine (ii) ferro-cement rainwater tank

• Burkina Faso: (i) VIP toilet (ii) India Mark II hand pump

Successful

• Ghana: (i) pour-flush latrine (ii) rope pump

• Uganda: tippy tap

• Burkina Faso: (i) urine diversion latrine (ii) Rope pumpPromising

• Ghana: Enviro Loo

• Uganda: rope pump

• Burkina Faso: rainwater harvesting tankNot proven

• Ghana: Biofil/ digestion toilet

• Uganda: solar-powered groundwater pump

• Burkina Faso: sand dams

New opportunities

April 2013

April 2013

Economic

Social

Environmental

OrganisationalInstitutional

Legal

Skills andKnowhow

Technological

User/

Buyer

Producer

s/

Providers

Regulators/

Investors/

Facilitators

April 2013

WASH Technology to be assessed for

applicability in given context

1 Screening

Step-1: Need and Demand

Step-2: Basic Applicability

3 Presentation of resultsof screening and assessments

4 Interpretation and Conclusion

Assessmentsof the potential of a WASH technology in a given context

2

Interpretation per dimension

per particular perspective

As entire profile

Su

sta

inab

ilit

yD

imen

sio

ns

Technology

Skills &

Know-how

Institutional

& Legal

Environ-

mental

Economic

Social

(4) (5) (6)

(7) (8) (9)

(10) (11) (12)

(13) (14) (15)

(16) (17) (18)

(1) (2) (3)

? ?

?

?

User/

Buyer

Producers/

Providers

Regulators/

Investors/

Facilitators

+ +

+

+

+

+

0

0 0

0

-

-

-

-

Key perspectives

June 2013

+

0

-

High value, neutral or positive, supportive characteristics

Potential impact, could become critical, needs follow up

Low value, negative, critical, hindering characteristics

? Unclear information, should be clarified?

+

0

-

or for specific topics such as O&M

April 2013

April 2013

Actors

Inv

en

tio

n

Tip

pin

g

Po

int

Up

tak

e +

Op

era

tio

n

Specific Tasks

per actor and phase

Technology Introduction

Actors Actors

Embedding: involvement at

national and district level

Learning Alliances Host organisations:

now and beyond project

Communication: In each country and

global – also website On process– videos On products (e.g. TAF

flyer) and outcomes At Learning Events At regional and global

Conferences, Symposia

April 2013

April 2013

WASHTech

c/o IRC International Water and Sanitation

Centre,

P.O. Box 82327, 2508 EH The Hague

The Netherlands

WASHTech@irc.nl/ www.irc.nl

washtechafrica.wordpress.com

www.washtechnologies.net