BED 104ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION

FOR LEARNING

TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF EVALUATION

BY-KAVITA PADMAWAR

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

VALIDITY RELIABILITY OBJECTIVITY ADEQUACY DISCRIMINATION POWER USABILITY

VALIDITY Validity is defined as an accuracy with which a

test measures whatever it is supposed to measure.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE VALIDITY OF A TEST- Ambiguity Difficulty level of questions Scope of the test Hallo effect Poor construction of items Other factors

RELIABILITYIf a test is used by any person, anywhere and at any

time for repeatedly evaluation, the conclusions are same, in this situation we can say that the test is reliable one.

It refers to the consistency of measurement. Reliability refers to the results obtained with an

assessment, instrument and not to the instrument itself.

Reliability is necessory but not a sufficient condition for validity.

Objective test is reliable test because evaluation is not affected by an evaluator.

FACTORS AFFECTING RELIABILITY OF A TEST

Length of a test Difficulty level of the questions Ambiguity of the questions Hallo effect Sample The optional questions in a test

Methods to establish the reliability of a test-

Test retest method Equivalent form of test Split half

OBJECTIVITY

“when an evaluation with a certain tool is done by many evaluators and if the conclusions are same, then we can say that test is objective.”

FACORS AFFECTING THE OBJECTIVITY OF A TEST-

Type of questions Ambiguity of the questions Evaluation method Design of a test

ADEQUACY“A test with which evaluation of all objectives and

competencies is done, is called an adequate test.”Adequacy is related to content, objectives, types of

questions.FACTORS AFFECTING ADEQUACY- Design of a test Experience of a paper setter Types of questions Nature of the content Nature and type of objectives

DISCRIMINATION POWER“It is defined an index indicating the

ability of the item to discriminate the levels of higher ability students and lower ability students.”

USABILITY / PRACTICABILITY“When a test is easy to construct, easy to

administer and easy to interpret, it is called a usable test.”

Usability involves following factors – Instructions to test administrator Checking malpractices Scoring key and guidelines Length of a test Cost of testing Ease of interpretation and application