tongue anatomy

TongueFUNCTIONAL ANATOMY COURSE BME 7014

DEVELOPED BY AHMED EL-WALI

1Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014

Outlines

Motivation.

Functions.

Structure.

Papillae.

Muscles.

Vessels.

Innervations.

Diseases.

Tongue and Sleep Apnea.

Conclusion.

Questions.

References.


Motivation

Curiosity to know more about tongue structure and functions

How could we enhance our tongue muscles?

Tongue and its role in sleep apnea disease

Figuring some of tongue diseases


Functions

Participating with the nose in tasting process

Participating in producing speech “Changing the cavity frequency”

Participating in swallowing process

Participating in the chewing process “Eating”

Preventing foreign substances from entering the air way “play as the 3rd line of defense after lips and teeth”


Tongueis a muscular structure that forms part of the floor of the oral cavity and part of the anterior wall of the oropharynx.


TongueThe Root of the tongue is attached to the mandible and the hyoid bone.


TongueSuperior surface “the anterior two-thirds of the tongue” is oriented in the horizontal direction.

Pharyngeal surface “the posterior one-third of the tongue” is oriented more in the verticalplan.


TongueThe oral and pharyngeal surfaces are separated by a V-shaped “sulcus terminal”

At the Apex of the V-shaped sulcus a small depression (called foramen cecum of the tongue)


TongueIn some people, the thyroglossal duct connects the foramen cecum with the Thyroid gland in the neck.

The Thyroid gland makes and stores hormones that help regulate the heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and the rate at which food is converted into energy.


PapillaeThe superior surface of the oral part of the tongue is covered by Hundreds of papillae.

It has the tasting buds.


Filiform papillaeIs small cone-shaped with one or multi ends.

Act as an abrasive coating, which gives the tongue a cleaningand rasping action.


Fungiform papillaeRounded shaped and larger than filiform and more concentratedon the tongue margins.

are involved in the sensations of taste and have taste budsembedded in their surfaces. They respond to both sweet and sourtastes.


Vallate PapillaeThe Largest one, Blunt-ended cylindrical papillae ‘less sharp end’

are involved in the sensations of taste and have taste buds embedded in their surfaces ”more sensitive to bitter tastes”

There is a set of seven to twelve of these papillae.


Foliate PapillaeLinear folds on the sides of the tongue near the sulcus terminal.

are involved in the sensations of taste and have taste buds embedded in their surfaces.

are clustered into two groups on each side of the tongue.

Note: There are no papillae on the pharyngeal surface.


Tongue MusclesThe tongue is divided into a left and right half by a median sagittal septum.

All tongue muscles are paired.

It has two types:Intrinsic muscles.

Extrinsic muscles.


Intrinsic musclesOriginate and insert within the substance of the tongue.

Types:Superior longitudinal

Inferior longitudinal

Transverse muscles

Vertical muscles

Function: Altering the tongue shape:Lengthening and shortening the tongue.

Curling and uncurling its apex and edges.

Flattening and rounding its surface.

Working in pairs or one side at a time.


Superior longitudinal

Origin: The back of the tongue and from the median septum.

Insertion:On the margin of the tongue

Function:Shortens tongue, curls apex and sides of tongue.


Inferior longitudinalOrigin:Root of the tongue ‘some from the hyoid’

Insertion:Apex of the tongue

Function:Shortens tongue, uncurls apex and turns it downward.


Transverse musclesOrigin:Median septum of the tongue

Insertion:Lateral margins of tongue.

Function:Narrows and elongates tongue.


Vertical musclesOrigin:Dorsum of tongue

Insertion:Ventral of the tongue

Function:Flattens and widens the tongue


Extrinsic MusclesOriginate from the structures outside the tongue and insert into the tongue.

Types:Genioglossus.

Hyoglossus.

Styloglossus.

Palatoglossus.

Functions:Protruding the tongue.

Retracting the tongue.

Depressing the tongue.

Elevating the tongue.


Genioglossus

Origin:Superior mental spines

Insertion:Body of the hyoid

Function:Protrudes the anterior part of the tongue, depresses

center of tongue


Hyoglossus

Origin:Greater horn of the hyoid bone.

Insertion:Lateral surface of the tongue.

Function:Depresses tongue.


Styloglossus

Origin:Styloid process

Insertion:Lateral surface of the tongue

Function:Elevates and retracts tongue.

Pulling the back of the tongue superiorly.


Palatoglossus

Origin:Inferior surface of palatine aponeurosis ‘muscle of the

soft palate’

Insertion:Lateral margin of tongue

Function:Elevates back of tongue and depresses the soft palate.


VesselsArteries:Lingual artery.Originated from the carotid artery in the neck.

Veins:Deep Lingual veins.

Dorsal Lingual veins.

Drains into the internal lingual vein in the neck.


InnervationsFor the motors:All the muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve [XII].

Excecpt the palatoglossus muscle which is innervated by the vagus nerve [X].

For the sensors: ”taste and sensation”Mandibular nerve.

Lingual nerve.

Facial nerve.

Glossopharyngeal nerve.


Tongue Diseases

Oral cancer


Geographic tongue (benign migratory glossitis)

Median rhomboid glossitis

Ankyloglossia

Tongue and sleep ApneaTongue falls down and blocks the air way causes stopping breathing during sleeping.

You may have to strengthen your tongue muscle by doing some exercises. There is a video on YouTube called “Stop Sleep

Apnea Now!“ by doing some exercises for the tongue muscles.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIJysIYGbLc

Conclusion

Tongue is a very vital organ in your body

Tongue does many important functions

Keep your tongue safe!


Questions

Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014

Referenceshttp://www.healthhype.com/

http://www.thefitindian.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/

http://skullanatomy.info/

http://www.innerbody.com/

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/

http://image.slidesharecdn.com/

http://www.acpmedicine.com/

http://www.macmillan.org.uk/

http://www.cdc.gov/

http://www.bigfootencounters.com/

https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/

http://www.healthhype.com/

http://media.dentalcare.com/

http://intranet.tdmu.edu.ua/

http://www.sleepdisordersguide.com/



http://www.thefitindian.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/

http://skullanatomy.info/

http://www.innerbody.com/

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/

http://image.slidesharecdn.com/

http://www.acpmedicine.com/

http://www.macmillan.org.uk/

http://www.cdc.gov/

http://www.bigfootencounters.com/

https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/


http://media.dentalcare.com/

http://intranet.tdmu.edu.ua/

http://www.sleepdisordersguide.com/

Thanks

Ahmed El-WaliFunctional Anatomy Course BME 7014

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