tonek 2804 biofuels sas final.ppt - bioenergi.di.dk · bellona conclusions • develop carbon...
TRANSCRIPT
Outline
1. About Bellona and the climate challenge
2. Why and how biomass is crucial
3. Bio in Brussels – priorities and processes
From Pollution to
Solution
Oslo
Murmansk
Brussel
St. Petersburg
Bellona offices and representatives
Washington D.C.
Brussel
Investment
+ funding
FINANCE
How does Bellona work?
Legislation
POLITICS
Acceptance
Demonstrations,
Production
+ Infrastructure
INDUSTRY
Market,
Media, Info +
Education
SOCIETY
Acceptance
&
Action
Assuming:50% reduction global emissions Equal per capita emissions (todays population)
Then:Rich countries must reduce 82%Poor countries reduce 6%
And more…
Fossil
Fuels
SOLUTIONS!
KEY:Sustainable Biomass
1. A large part of the solution
2. Only source of renewable carbon:
1. Biofuels
2. Products
3. Power production : Potential to create net reductions of climate gases
SEVERAL BIOMASS SOURCES SEVERAL BIOMASS PRODUCTS
Forests
Alger
Heat
Transport fuels
Power
Manure
IndustryCarbon-negative
Chemicals
Organic waste
Algae
The biofuels debate…
• Transport sector most difficult
• From silver bullet to bad guy….
• Policy goals before full knowledge base
• Question: what did we do wrong?
Rather ask…
• What has the debate on biofuels so far taught us and what is still to learn?
• How to get biofuels right?
• How can NGOs, research and industry work together? Where can we agree? – Secure biofuels industry is part of the solution
– Get the policies right
– Communicate the role as a solution correctly
Biomass EU: National Renewable Energy Action Plans
•
IEA biofuels roadmap april 2011
Sustainability
• Secure rainforest
• Secure climate gas emission reductions (50%)
• Carbon payback time short
• Secure Biodiversity• Secure Biodiversity
• Social criterias
– Right to land
– Workers conditions
• ILUC and LUC
Lessons learned 1
1. Limited sustainable resource
2. Demand increasing
- Optimize usage of todays biomass
- How to increase production?
Optimal use: which criterias?
• Profitability?
• Energy conversion efficiency?
• Environment?• Environment?– Most emissions reductions per unit– Where emissions-free alternatives don’t exist? – Fastest emission reductions? – Biodiversity?
• Many unanswered questions…
Bellona conclusions• Develop carbon negative value chains • Avoid biomass for uses where alternatives
exists (electric vehicles)• Prioritise use of Biomass where no
alternatives exists
• Reality today? – Chaos of measures, distribution systems,
geographical differences, infrastructures and policies
– Must use some bio where it is possible on short term to develop value chains in the longer term
New biomass production
• Not IF, but HOW?
• Sustainability issues
• Innovation
• Policy • Policy
• Value chains
Lessons learned 2
1. Common goal: be part of solutions
2. We will be stronger together
- Solutions focus
- Define where we agree
- Look for research areas
Future research questions
• What is ”sustainable” biomass?
• How to increase the supply?
• Which biomass to use for what?
• Technological challenges
• Health issues? • Health issues?
• Geographical differences
• Correct communication
• Economic challenges: Policy measures and incentives?
• And many more….
EU processes
• White paper on transport just released: prioritisation of biomass!
• ILUC: - report summer 2011
• Solid and gaseous: report in Dec 2011
• Issues: – Measures for advanced biofuels and renewable alternatives
– Prioritisation of biomass – which to use where?
– Include algae in biomass regulations
– Both products and energy in same regs.
– Accounting for negative emissions
Policy makers European Commission
Joint taskforce Bio-CCS
Secretariat:
THE SAHARA FOREST PROJECT
Input:
• Saltwater• Nutrients• CO2
• Sun
Output:
• New biomass- food - bioenergy
• Electricity• Freshwater
+ Vegetation
NREAPS and bioenergy –conclusions:
• For some countries the effort in reaching the RES target will be significant
• Bio-energy is determinant in reaching the 2020 RES target: 54.4% (17.7% in RES-E, 80% in RES-H&C, 90% in RES-T)
• Solid biomass: the main contributor (36% in RES), decreasing in share but increasing in absolute value – question on sustainability in some cases (i.e. forest wood burning for household heating)some cases (i.e. forest wood burning for household heating)
• CHP not enough considered by several countries (also in relation with DHC); little development by 2020 in EU: 17.7% CHP and 15.5% DHC
• RES-T target falling short for some countries (Bg, Cy, Mt.)
• Biofuels art. 21.2 are not properly declared by all the MSs; anticipate important role in meeting the RES-T target
• Estimated biofuel imports: 42%
• IEA roadmap sees 27% biofuel use by 2050• Global biofuel production could be increased 14-fold by 2050 without adversely affecting food security or the
environment, according to a technology roadmap published by the International Energy Agency (IEA) on Wednesday.
• This would allow a 27% market penetration compared with 2% today and save 2.1 gigatonnes of CO2 – around a fifth of the total reductions expected from transport. The effect on fuel prices should be marginal and biofuels could be competitive with fossil fuels by 2030 under some circumstances.
• But savings on this level would require major efficiency improvements for fuels made from existing feedstocks such as sugar and oil seed, and the elimination of emissions fromindirect land use change. Biofuels from lignocellulosic feedstocks would also have to reach commercial viability within ten years, says the IEA.
• A third of the 3 billion tonnes of biomass that would be needed annually by 2050 could come from waste and crop residues, according to the agency's roadmap. However, the land area dedicated to biofuel crops would also have residues, according to the agency's roadmap. However, the land area dedicated to biofuel crops would also have to increase three-fold to 100 million hectares – around 2% of total agricultural land.
• Achieving biofuels' full potential will cost about $12trn over the next 40 years. This includes further government support for research and development and measures to encourage investment in the first commercial-scale production units.
• Land use needs to be carefully managed to avoid feedstocks outcompeting food crops, the IEA recommends. Governments must also introduce mandatory and internationally-aligned sustainability standards. The EU already has sustainability criteria for biofuels and certification schemes are being launched.
• Follow Up:• Biofuel roadmap and links to other IEA roadmaps
Answers?
• What has the debate on biofuels so far tought us and what is still to learn? • Biofuels can be part of the solution or the problem• Many questions remain unanswered
• Problemfocus does not take us any further • Focusing on where we disagree does not take us further• Public acceptance has decreased –
• difficult to communicate complexities… • Industry got defensive – instead of looking for the godd ways to produce biofuels… • both industry and ngos contributed to increase the gap and disagreement among them – not good environment for
finding solutions – so first of all: how to make sure that the industry is a solution and not a problem -Forward: improving pr and comm: Cooperation! Creation of arenas for dialogue and learning – be openminded and
compromising. Ex: Bellonas involvement in EC TPs for biofuels and for CCS.
• How can NGOs, research and industry work together? Where can we agree? – Secure biofuels industry is part of the solution– Get the policies right – Communicate the role as a solution correctly
Algae as potential feedstock?» Algae as biofuel feedstock
– IEA roadmap: Algae have been cultivated commercially since the 1950s, mainly for the pharmaceutical industry, but only recently gained attention as a potential source of biomass. Algae promise a potentially high productivity per hectare, could be grown on non-arable land, can utilise a wide variety of water sources (fresh, brackish, saline and wastewater), and potentially recycle CO2 and other nutrient waste streams (Darzins et al., 2010). However, algae cultivation faces several challenges, related to availability of locations with sufficient sunshine and water, required nutrient inputs, and oil extraction (Darzins et al., 2010; USDOE, 2010).
• The most anticipated biofuel products appear to be high-quality diesel and jet fuel analogues, since few alternatives exist to replace these fuels. However, cultivation of analogues, since few alternatives exist to replace these fuels. However, cultivation of algae and extraction of the oil is currently expensive. Production cost estimates for the raw oil vary between USD 0.75/l to more than USD 5.00/l, excluding costs for conversion to biofuel (Darzins et al., 2010). Optimisation of algal strains, concerns over unwanted or adverse effects due to contamination, and scaling up production remain significant challenges to the development and commercialisation of algae-based biofuels, and require more basic R&D efforts than other advanced biofuel routes. Commercially viable production of biofuel from algae will depend on effective strategies to generate high-volume, low-value biofuel along with high-value co-products.
Lessons learned
• Biofuels can be part of the solution or the problem• Many questions remain unanswered
• Focusing on where we disagree does not take us further• Public acceptance has decreased –
• difficult to communicate complexities… • Industry got defensive – instead of looking for the godd ways to produce
biofuels… • both industry and ngos contributed to increase the gap and disagreement
among them – not good environment for finding solutions – so first of all: how to make sure that the industry is a solution and not a problem -
Forward: improving pr and comm: Cooperation! Creation of arenas for dialogue and learning – be openminded and compromising. Ex: Bellonas involvement in EC TPs for biofuels and for CCS.
Rather ask
• What has the debate on biofuels so far taught us and what is still to learn?
• How can NGOs, research and industry work • How can NGOs, research and industry work together? Where can we agree?
– Secure biofuels industry is part of the solution
– Get the policies right
– Communicate the role as a solution correctly
• Vi har I Danmark etableret et Sustainable Biofuel Network (SBN) med repræsentanter fra en række aktører på det danske marked, eksempelvis Maersk, Novo Zymes, Niras, Dansk Industri, Risø, Life/Københavns Universitet, SAS m.fl. SBN er organiseret under Copenhagen Cleantech Cluster og Copenhagen Capacity.
• Samarbeidets faglige utstrekning: Samarbeidet forutsetter en løpende prioritering av saker basert på strategiske diskusjoner mellom partene. Saker som er aktuelle for samarbeid omfatter minst de følgende:
– Biodrivstoffområdet opp mot EU.– Sertifikatordning for praktisk gjennomføring av biodrivstoff overfor kvotehandelssystemet.– Gjensidig informasjon vedrørende teknologisk utvikling innen fly og motorer.– Relevante internasjonale forhandlinger.– Relevante internasjonale forhandlinger.
• What has the impact been of the NGO reporting on the political process and support for biofuels?
• How can the biofuels industry better communicate its role as a sustainable mobility solution?
• vi jobber mot politikere, forskere, industrien og miljøorganisasjonene i Europa. Store deler av miljøbevegelsen i Europa jobber nå mot bioenergi og biodrivstoff med den frykt for at massiv satsning på bioenergi og biodrivstoff vil rasere skog, landbruk og biologisk mangfold. Vi ser også helt klart denne problemstillingen men har en annen innfallsvinkel (kort oppramsing som jeg tar på sparket):
• Hvor mye bioressurser er og vil være tilgjengelig og hvordan høster vi denne bærekraftig• Biomasse vil være en begrenset ressurs – hva bør brukes til hvilke formål – energi, industri, transport, materialer?• Hvilke sektorer er helt avhengig av bio i framtiden?• Hvordan kan vi utvikle troverdige og tilfredsstillende bærekraftskriterier for bio?• Hvordan kan vi produsere bio på nye måter som ikke berører skog og landbruk – mikro og makro alger?• Hvordan kan vi utnytte trevirke, avfall, reststoffer og andre bioressurser?• Hvilke krav, forskningsprogrammer, virkemidler og rammevilkår trenger vi?• Si ifra om du trenger mer fra oss.• Her følger en kort oppdatering på vårt biofuels arbeid.• Biomass Futures• Tone Knudsen sitter i styret til prosjektet "Biomass futures" som skal se på hvordan Europa kan dekke opp biomassebehovene som oppstår med 2020målene.• http://www.biomassfutures.eu/index.html• The Biomass Futures Project will assess the role that biomass can play in meeting EU energy policy targets. It will develop tailored information packages for stakeholders,
as well as inform and support policy makers at both the European and national levels.• The project will define the key factors likely to influence biomass supply, demand and uptake over the next twenty years (meeting the RED targets). Among other factors,
partners will examine the EU heat, electricity-CHP and transport markets; supply and demand dynamics; the effects of indirect land use change, water use and social aspects on future biomass supply, etc.
• Throughout the project collaboration with stakeholders will be vital. Working with key stakeholders from the industry & policy sides, we will be able to gain from the interactions and have their feedback to validate the findings from the modelling work. Stakeholder perspectives and feedback will be integrated into the project outputs and deliverables at every stage.
• The European Biofuels Technology Platform (EBTB)• Frederic Hage sitter i EBTP styret - som i aller høyeste grad er med på å bidra til at andre deler av biomassindustrien (mer rene biodrivstoff produsenter for eksempel) får
et bredere perspektiv i sine innspill og analyser til Kommisjonen. • Vi har planer om å organisere en "skyggegruppe" i Oslo hvor norske aktører med interesse for EBTP-arbeidet kan treffes, orienteres og utveksle kunnskap og
informasjon. Dette har vi i flere år gjort gjennom vårt arbeid i ZEP http://www.zeroemissionsplatform.eu/ der Bellona har arrangert skyggegruppemøter for de viktigste informasjon. Dette har vi i flere år gjort gjennom vårt arbeid i ZEP http://www.zeroemissionsplatform.eu/ der Bellona har arrangert skyggegruppemøter for de viktigste aktørene innen CCS i Norge.
• http://www.biofuelstp.eu/• The Mission of the European Biofuels Technology Platform is to contribute to: • the development of cost-competitive world-class biofuels value chains,• to the creation of a healthy biofuels industry, and• to accelerate the sustainable deployment of biofuels in the EU • through a process of guidance, prioritisation and promotion of research, technology development and demonstration.• The European Biofuels Technology Platform is supervised by a Steering Committee. The activities are carried out by the members of Five Working Groups and
supervised by a Member State Mirror Group. It is supported by a Secretariat that receives partial financial support from the European Commission under FP7 Grant Agreement Number 241269.
• Indirect land use change (ILUC)• Tone Knudsen følger ILUC diskusjonene i Brussel og fulgte i 2010 i arbeidet rundt Kommisjonens arbeid rundt ILUC og deltok på Kommisjonens Stakeholder conference
på ILUC (biodrivstoff).• http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/consultations/2010_10_31_iluc_and_biofuels_en.htm• Star Colibri• Tone Knudsen sitter i ekstern referansegruppe til prosjektet Star Colibri som skal se på fremtidens bioraffineri og bedre rammebetingelsene for å lage "clustere" i denne
industrien.• http://www.star-colibri.eu/• The Star-COLIBRI project (Strategic Research Targets for 2020 – Collaboration Initiative on Biorefineries) is a Coordination and Support Action funded by the European
Commission’s 7th Framework Programme for 2 years starting on November 1st 2009. The project involves 5 European Technology Platforms and 5 major European Research organisations.
• Star-COLIBRI aims at overcoming fragmentation and promoting cross-fertilization in the area of biorefineries research. The project will support innovations by speeding up and facilitating industrial exploitation of research results in the biorefinery field, as well as promote coordination in the field of future R&D funding and facilitate the creation of Public-Private Partnerships
• Teknologirådet• Tone Knudsen/Bellona følger også Teknologirådets prosjekt ”Fra kull til grønne skoger”• http://teknologiradet.no/FullStory.aspx?m=357&amid=9426• Jeg vet at Tone følger andre prosesser rundt bio også men håper at denne oppdateringen var OK.• Ha en fin kveld!• Vennlig hilsen