tomer efrat | october 2015 your water partners choosing the best desalination technology for your...
TRANSCRIPT
Tomer Efrat | October 2015
YOUR WATERPARTNERSChoosing the Best Desalination Technology for your Project
Who We Are
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Technology leaders in the water treatment industry
Named one of the 50 smartest companies in the world by
the MIT Technology Review in 2015
Unrivalled experience. More than 400 installed units in
over 40 countries
A large and growing patent portfolio
Internationally recognized
400 employees
Offices in Israel, China, India, USA and Chile
Established in 1965
Ownership: ICL and Delek Groups
Main References
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EnergySDIC Tianjin, China
NPCIL, India
Endesa, Spain
CFE, Mexico
PPC, Greece
AES, Chile
Tacoa, Venezuela
Kazatomprom, Kazakhstan
Tutuka, South Africa
Municipalities
Larnaca, Cyprus
Sorek, Israel
Hadera, Israel
Ashkelon, Israel
Carlsbad, USA
Las Palmas, Spain
MinesSino Iron, Cape Preston, Australia
AngloGold Ashanti, South Africa
Enersur, Peru
Oil & GasReliance Gujarat, India
Essar, India
Wintershall, Germany
Sarlux, Italy
Hadera, Israel SWRO,
456,000 m3/day
Brief Overview of the Technologies
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Gujarat Reliance, India
MED, 160,000 m3/day
Nueva Ventanas, Chile
MVC, 2,400 m3/day
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Multi-effect Distillation (MED)
Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC)
RO Process
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Dechlorination
Coagulant
Acid
Chlorine
Chemical adjustment
Energy Recovery System
Seawater Intake
Static mixer
Gravitational sand filters
Clear water pump
Seawater feed pump
Fine filtration
Micronic filters
Static mixer
High pressure pumps
Reverse Osmosis module
Outfall to sea
Antiscalant
Post-treatmentAddition of
chemicals to adjust the
chemistry of the final product
Product tank
Product pump
Static mixer
Chlorination
Desalinated potable
water
Air blower
Backwashpump
Backwash tank
Horizontal Falling Film MED
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Horizontal Falling Film MVC Evaporator
Brine
FeedDistillate
Heat Exchangers
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Applicability to Seawater Desalination
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Applicability to Industrial Applications
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IDE’s Offering
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Multi-effect Distillation (MED)
Industrial and Potable water :
1,000 - 30,000 m3/day per unit
Site conditions Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC)
Industrial water :
250 - 3,000 m3/day per unit
Membrane Desalination
Thermal Desalination
Large Scale Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Potable and Municipal water :
20,000 m3/day and up
Modular Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Potable and Municipal water :
500 ~ 20,000 m3/day
Feedwater conditions
Salinity
TSS, turbidity
Contamination, COD, TOC
Temperature
Product water
Drinking/industrial/boiler feed quality
Capacity
Energy sources
Steam / waste heat
Electricity
Energy costs
Technology Selection Criteria
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Ambient conditions
Temperature
Site conditions
Footprint available
Budget
CAPEX
OPEX
Robustness
Reliability
Availability
Feedwater conditions
Comparison of Selected Desalination Processes
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SWROThermal
MED TVC-MED MVC
Minimum Intake Requirements
Deep water or beach wells
Shallow water
Shallow water
Shallow water
Tolerance to Changing Seawater Composition and Pollution
Low High High High
Requirement for Robust Pretreatment (in case of contaminated seawater)
High Low-Medium Low-Medium Low-Medium
Feedwater conditions
(Continued)
Comparison of Selected Desalination Processes
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SWROThermal
MED TVC-MED MVC
Chemical and Antiscalant Consumption
Medium Low Low Low
Water Quality Requirements after Pretreatment
3–4 SDI 10 ppm TSS 10 ppm TSS 10 ppm TSS
Impact of High / Low Seawater Temperature on CAPEX
Significant Minimal Minimal
Minimal, sometimes even positive
Product water
Comparison of Selected Desalination Processes
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SWROThermal
MED TVC-MED MVC
Common Applications Municipal/drinking waterProcess water/boiler feed water
Process water/boiler feed water
Process water/boiler feed water
Recommended Maximal Unit Size (m3/day)
25,000 per train 20,000 35,000 3,000
Product Quality Received (TDS)
1st pass: 300 ppm2nd pass: 5 ppm
<5 ppm <5 ppm <5 ppm
Possible Product Recovery
45%-50% 35%-50% 35%-50% 40%-45%
Boron Rejection Requirements
Requires polishing stage None None None
Energy Sources
Comparison of Selected Desalination Processes
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SWROThermal
MED TVC-MED MVC
Electricity consumption 3.3–4.2 kWh/m3 1.0–1.4 kWh/m3
1.0–1.4 kWh/m3
8.0–10.0 kWh/m3
Minimal Motive steam pressure
N/A 0.35 ata 1.2 ata N/A
Possible/achievable GOR N/A 10–12 14–15 N/A
Ability to utilize alternative energy sources
Medium Medium Medium Low
Site conditions
Comparison of Selected Desalination Processes
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SWROThermal
MED TVC-MED MVC
Minimum Intake Requirements
Deep water or beach wells
Shallow water Shallow water Shallow water
Requirement for Robust Pretreatment (in case of contaminated seawater)
High Low-Medium Low-Medium Low-Medium
Footprint Requirements Low-Medium Low-Medium* Low-Medium* Medium
Tolerance to Site Configuration/Size
High Medium Medium Medium
*Depending on the MED GOR
Budget
Comparison of Selected Desalination Processes
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SWROThermal
MED TVC-MED MVC
Electricity Consumption3.3–4.2 kWh/m3
1.0–1.4 kWh/m3
1.0–1.4 kWh/m3
8.0–10.0 kWh/m3
Motive Steam Pressure (min) N/A 0.35 ata 2.2–2.5 ata N/A
Electric Equivalent for Thermal Energy
N/A4.5 - 5.0 kWh/m3
7.0 - 8.0 kWh/m3 N/A
Equivalent Thermal Energy Cost Relative to Electricity Cost*
N/A 40% 40% N/A
Total Equivalent Energy Consumption/Normalized to Actual Electricity Cost
3.3–4.2 kWh/m3
2.8–3.4 kWh/m3
3.8–4.6 kWh/m3
8.0–10.0 kWh/m3
Budget
Comparison of Selected Desalination Processes
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SWROThermal
MED TVC-MED MVC
Specific Capital Cost(Based on GWI Reports)
600–1,100 USD/m3/day
1,000–1,500 USD/m3/day
800–1,500 USD/m3/day
1,500–3,000 USD/m3/day
Possible Plant Modularity High Medium-Low Medium-Low Medium
Fully Automatic and Unattended Operation
Possible, but risky
Possible Possible Possible
Tolerance to Operator Faults Low High High Medium-High
Impact of the Plant Location Significant Moderate Moderate Low
Impact of Manpower Costs (installation and operation) Significant Moderate Moderate Low
Comparison of Selected Desalination Processes
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SWROThermal
MED TVC-MED MVC
CAPEX / OPEX Flexibility Low High High Medium-Low
Effect of Steam Cost on Total Water Cost
None High High Low
Requirements for Installation inside Building
High Low Low Low
Chemical and Antiscalant consumption
Medium Low Low Low
Maintenance Requirements High Low Low Low
Budget
(Continued)
Budget
(Continued)
Comparison of Selected Desalination Processes
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SWROThermal
MED TVC-MED MVC
Spare Parts or Requirements for Replacement Parts
Low-Medium Low Low Low
Spare Parts (% of equipment/year)
1.5–2 0.5–1 0.5–1 <1
Civil Works Maintenance (% year)
0.5 N/A N/A N/A
Periodic Cleaning (months) 3–12 18–24 18–24 18–24
Operational Skilled Manpower Requirements
High Low Low Low
Plant Life Expectancy 15–25 years 25–30 years 25–30 years 25–30 years
Robustness
Comparison of Selected Desalination Processes
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SWROThermal
MED TVC-MED MVC
Failure Potential if Corrosion Occurs
High Low Low Low
Operational Skilled Manpower Requirements
Medium-High Low Low Low
Annual Availability (%) 92–96 96–98 96–98 96–98
Plant Life Expectancy 15–25 years 25–30 years 25–30 years 25–30 years
Amount of Process Equipment and Instrumentation
High Low Low Low
Complexity of Plant Maintenance
High Low Low Low
IDE – Your Water Partners
Desalination Plant Design with Challenging Site Conditions
Tianjin, China (8xMED, 200,000 m3/day)
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Aktau, Kazakhstan (2xMED, 12,000 m3/day)
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Sorek, Israel (SWRO, 624,000 m3/day)
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Cape Preston, Australia (SWRO, 140,000 m3/day)
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Carlsbad, USA (SWRO, 204,000 m³/day)
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Reliance, India (4xMED, 48,000 m3/day)
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Selection Criteria
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Product quality and application
Location of Installation
Available energy sources
Source water quality and quantity
Reliability of water supply
The bottom line is always the Life Cycle Cost:
CAPEX vs. OPEX
Technology Selection
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In some cases – you don’t need to choose…
You Can Just Use Both!
Hybrid RO-MED Solutions with a Variety of Energy Sources
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A Hybrid Desalination Plant combines the use
of both thermal and RO technologies in a single plant.
The hybrid plant takes the benefits of each technology for achieving the
optimized solution and reduced water cost
Hybrid RO-MED Plant
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Condensate
Power plant (or any LP Steam source)
Electricity to HP pumps
MED train
RO train
Permeate
Fresh water
Distilled water
BP steam
Feed
RO B
rine
Coal-powered Hybrid RO-MED Plant
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Coal
Coal-fired boiler Steam (40 bara)
Turbines + HP pumps
Steam (2 bara)
Seawater
MED train
RO train
Permeate
Fresh water
Distilled water
Condensate
Feed
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
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CondensateFrom MED
Steam Turbine
MED
MED Condensate
RO HP Pumps
RO Peripheral Pumps
Natural Gas-powered Hybrid RO-MED Plant
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RO peripherals
Natural gasGas turbines + HP pumps
MED train
RO train
Permeate
Distilled water
Feed
Heat recovery boiler
Steam
Turbine + generator
MED brine
Low pressure steam
Exhaust gas
To Sum Up…
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Focus on the Therefore, it is always
recommended to have your water partners
guide you towards the optimal solution for
you.
There is no single rule of thumb
IDE – Your Water Partners
ThankYou