tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases
DESCRIPTION
since 1558. Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases. Volker Böhm Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany ([email protected]). Arrangement. Introduction. Epidemiology. Analysis - HPLC separation - antioxidant activity. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseasesVolker BhmInstitute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany ([email protected])
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
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Arrangement Introduction Epidemiology Analysis - HPLC separation - antioxidant activity Intestinal absorption of lycopene Conclusions1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
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Introduction (1)Press releasesTLZ 24.11.1994Healthy Food can protect against Cancer1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
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Introduction (2)Press releasesApotheken-Umschau A 8/98TLZ 07.03.2002Tomatoes protect the cellsTomatoes against cancer1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
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Introduction (3)Production of tomatoes (1000 t) for processing(WPTC, World Processing Tomato Council, 2003)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Italy
4198
3665
4352
4932
4841
4800
4325
Greece
1311
1183
1248
1250
1062
939
861
Spain
1184
990
1182
1510
1318
1463
1548
Portugal
905
722
988
999
854
917
811
France
285
286
328
363
314
298
241
( EU
7883
6846
8098
9054
8389
8414
7787
California
9670
8480
8067
11103
9329
7827
10700
- Epidemiology (1)(modified to E Giovannucci, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 91 (1999) 317-331)Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-1998)47365 participants, 2481 cases of prostate cancerlycopene intake (high vs. low quintile): RR=0.84 (0.73-0.96)tomato sauce intake (2 servings/week vs.
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Epidemiology (2)Unexpected negative results with -caroteneATBC-study in Finland 29133 smokers 20 mg/d 18 % increase in lung cancer risk (Heinonen et al. 1994)CARET-study in USA 18314 smokers and asbestos workers 30 mg/d + 25.000 IE vitamin A ( 7.5 mg Retinol) 28 % increase in lung cancer risk (Omenn et al. 1996)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
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Epidemiology (3)C. Liu et al., Carcinogenesis 21 (2000) 2245-2253 ... In contrast with a pharmacological dose of -carotene, a physiological dose of -carotene in smoke-exposed ferrets has no potentially detrimental effects and may afford weak protection against lung damage induced by cigarette smoke.- instability of the -carotene molecule in the free radical rich antioxidant poor environment- increased levels of oxidative metabolites of -carotene 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
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Lycopene and cardiovasular disease1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
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(modified to L Arab and S Steck, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71 (2000) 1691S-1695S)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
Authors
Study design
n
Sample
Outcome
Odds ratio (95% CI)
p for trend
Factors controlled for in analysis
Street et al., 1994
Nested case-control study
123 cases, 246 controls
Serum
Myocardial infarction
0.75 (CI not shown)
0.54
None
Iribarren et al., 1997
Case-control study (ARIC study)
231 cases, 231 controls
Fasting serum
Intima media thickness
0.81 (0.60, 1.08)
Data not shown
Age, blood storage time, total cholesterol and triacylglycerols, education level, former smoking, current smoking, BMI, ethanol intake, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and vitamin supplement use
Kohlmeier et al., 1997
Case-control study (EURAMIC study)
662 cases, 717 controls
Adipose tissue
Myocardial infarction
0.52 (0.33, 0.82)
0.005
Age, center, BMI, smoking, family history of disease, and history of high blood pressure
Gomez-Aracena et al., 1997
Case-control study (one EURAMIC study center)
100 cases, 102 controls
Adipose tissue
Myocardial infarction
0.39 (0.13, 1.19)
0.04
Age, family history of coronary heart disease, and cigarette smoking
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(modified to HD Sesso et al., Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79 (2004) 47-53)Womens Health Study (WHS)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
Quartile of plasma biomarker
1
2
3
4
p (linear trend)
Lycopene
(g/dL)
8.4
14.1
18.6
24.2
Multivariate-adjusted RR
1.00
0.94 (0.60, 1.49)
0.62 (0.39, 1.00)
0.67 (0.41, 1.11)
0.05
(-Cryptoxanthin(g/dL)
3.8
7.5
11.8
19.3
Multivariate-adjusted RR
1.00
0.67 (0.41, 1.07)
0.95 (0.58, 1.56)
0.70 (0.41, 1.18)
0.34
Lutein/Zeaxanthin (g/dL)
9.4
14.0
18.5
26.5
Multivariate-adjusted RR
1.00
0.82 (0.51, 1.33)
0.89 (0.55, 1.44)
0.81 (0.47, 1.41)
0.58
Retinol
(g/dL)
37.1
48.2
57.8
71.4
Multivariate-adjusted RR
1.00
1.36 (0.83, 2.24)
1.13 (0.65, 1.94)
1.22 (0.69, 2.14)
0.69
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Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD)(modified to TH Rissanen et al., Br. J. Nutr. 85 (2001) 749-754)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
Subjects who developed an acute coronary event or a stroke (n 41)
Other subjects (n 684)
p value of difference
Serum lycopene
(mol/L)
0.10 ( 0.12
0.17 ( 0.14
0.003
Serum (-carotene (mol/L)
0.42 ( 0.41
0.41 ( 0.33
0.839
Serum folate
(nmol/L)
9.77 ( 4.30
10.48 ( 3.90
0.258
Plasma vitamin C (mg/L)
7.82 ( 3.93
9.26 ( 3.77
0.018
Age
(years)
57.6 ( 6.5
54.9 ( 6.6
0.011
BMI
(kg/m2)
27.6 ( 3.5
27.4 ( 3.5
0.721
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)
140.1 ( 15.1
134.6 ( 16.4
0.039
Serum total cholesterol (mmol/L)
5.69 ( 0.85
5.50 ( 0.91
0.178
HDL
(mmol/L)
1.08 ( 0.29
1.12 ( 0.29
0.350
LDL
(mmol/L)
4.10 ( 0.75
3.90 ( 0.81
0.132
Smoking
(%)
34
27
0.315
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Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD)(modified to TH Rissanen et al., Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 77 (2003) 133-138)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29CCA-IMT: intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
Quarter of serum lycopene (mol/L)
0.22
p (linear trend)
mm
Model 1
Mean CCA-IMT
0.92 (0.89, 0.95)
0.88 (0.85, 0.90)
0.87 (0.85, 0.89)
0.85 (0.83, 0.88)
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Analysis (1)Antioxidant activity (1) interactions with free radicals stop of radical chain reactions singlet oxygen quencher formation of stable radical cations formation of stable radical adducts1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
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Analysis (2)Antioxidant activity (2) Lipophilic TEAC assay TEAC: Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity ABTS: 2,2-azinobis-(3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) oxidation of ABTS with manganese dioxide photometrically measurable radical cation ABTS+, =734 nm reduction of the radical cation by carotenoids Trolox equivalents (1 mmol/L Carotenoid x mmol/L Trolox)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
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Fig. 1: Antioxidant activity (TEAC) of five lycopene isomers compared to that of (E)-b-carotene (V Bhm, NL Puspitasari-Nienaber, MG Ferruzzi, SJ Schwartz, J. Agric. Food Chem. 50 (2002) 221-226)Analysis (3)Antioxidant activity (3)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
Tabelle1
TEAC (mmol/L)
means
(E)-alpha-carotene1.530.27
(9Z)-alpha-carotene1.210.04
(13Z)-alpha-carotene1.170.17
(9'Z)-alpha-carotene1.630.04
(13'Z)-alpha-carotene1.940.21
(E)-beta-carotene1.400.22
(9Z)-beta-carotene1.400.30
(13Z)-beta-carotene1.000.23
(15Z)-beta-carotene1.230.17
(E)-Lycopene2.510.47
Lycopene (Z)-Isomer 13.140.21
Lycopene (Z)-Isomer 23.080.49
Lycopene (Z)-Isomer 33.090.42
Lycopene (Z)-Isomer 42.720.14
(E)-zeaxanthin1.110.17
(9Z)-zeaxanthin0.520.20
(13Z)-zeaxanthin1.330.16
Diagramm1
1.530.27
1.210.04
1.170.17
1.630.04
1.940.21
TEAC [mmol/L]
A,B
A
A
A,B
B
Diagramm2
1.40.22
1.40.3
10.23
1.230.17
TEAC [mmol/L]
A
A
A
A
Diagramm3
1.40.22
2.510.47
3.140.21
3.080.49
3.090.42
2.720.14
TEAC [mmol/L]
B,C
C
C
C
B
A
Diagramm4
1.110.17
0.520.2
1.330.16
TEAC [mmol/L]
A
B
A
Tabelle2
Tabelle3
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Study on intestinal absorption of lycopene (1)Human studies on intestinal absorption of lycopene1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
Dose
Matrix
Result
Literatur
12 mg,
s
tomato juice (180 mL)
no effect
Brown et al., 1989
12 mg/d,
6 w
tomato juice (180 mL/d)
no effect
Micozzio et al., 1992
16,5 mg/d, s + 7 d
tomato puree (60 g/d)
tomatoes (300 g/d)
lycopene better available from puree
Porrini et al., 1998
23 mg,
s
tomato paste (40 g)
tomatoes (400 g)
lycopene in chylo-microns after tomato paste (
Grtner et al., 1997
39-75 mg/d, 1 w
spagetti sauce (126 g/d)
tomato juice (540 mL/d
capsules
lycopene in serum (
Agarwal et al., 1998
40 mg/d,
2 w
tomato juice (330 mL/d)
lycopene in plasma (
Mller et al., 1999
70-75 mg/d, 4 w
tomato juice (476 g/d)
capsules
lycopene in plasma (
Paetau et al., 1998
s: single dose
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Study on intestinal absorption of lycopene (2)Own human study (1998) physiologically relevant doses of lycopene (5 mg/d, 4 w) are better available from tomato juice and lycopene capsules compared to raw tomatoes no interactions with other carotenoids no alterations of antioxidant capacity of plasma no effect on lipid status parameters (V Bhm, R Bitsch, Eur. J. Nutr. 38 (1999) 118-125)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
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Study on intestinal absorption of lycopene (3)Own human study (2003)Characterization of volunteers: Fig. 2: Study design1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
Group
Age [years]
Weight [kg]
BMI [kg/m2]
Group 1 tomatoes (n = 6)
23.0 ( 0.6
61.7 ( 5.4
21.7 ( 1.7
Group 2 juice (n = 6)
22.8 ( 2.2
62.7 ( 8.0
21.4 ( 1.8
Group 3 paste (n = 5)
22.4 ( 1.7
61.0 ( 6.6
20.4 ( 1.9
Week
-2
-1
1
2
3
4
5
Blood withdrawal
T-2
T0
T1
T2
T3
T4
Initial phase poor in lycopene
Supplementation with tomatoes, tomato juice or tomato paste
Blood withdrawal: fastened between 7.30 and 8.30 oclock
T: Blood withdrawal date
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Intervention conditions: Study on intestinal absorption of lycopene (4)Own human study (2003)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
Food item
Lycopene dosage (mg/d), 4 w
Amount of food item
12.5
145-320 g/d
12.5
94-101 g/d
12.5
25- 28 g/d
_1147791509.doc
_1147791541.doc
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Fig. 3: HPLC chromatogram (YMC C30) of human plasma extract after intervention with tomato pasteStudy on intestinal absorption of lycopene (5)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
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Fig. 4: Plasma lycopene concentrations (mean + or - sd) over time in subjects of all three intervention groupsStudy on intestinal absorption of lycopene (6)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
Diagramm1
0.77830.69790.56780.41660.25480.2751
0.39930.43230.25320.16650.14870.1385
0.71820.61340.3860.28430.16810.2347
0.740.62560.57620.23580.1490.2315
0.77090.71420.53370.23560.21510.2215
0.81330.77390.52520.23010.26260.229
tomato paste
tomato juice
tomatoes
Blood withdrawal
Total lycopene in plasma [mol/L]
(Gesamt)-Lycopin
Gesamtlycopin [mol/l]als Summe von (E)-Lycopin und aller (Z)-Lycopinisomere
T-2T 0T+1T+2T+3T+4
TomatenmarkMW0.77830.39930.71820.740.77090.8133
Standabw.0.41660.16650.28430.23580.23560.2301
TomatensaftMW0.69790.43230.61340.62560.71420.7739
Standabw.0.25480.14870.16810.1490.21510.2626
TomatenMW0.56780.25320.3860.57620.53370.5252
Standabw.0.27510.13850.23470.23150.22150.229
(Gesamt)-Lycopin
0.41660.25480.2751
0.16650.14870.1385
0.28430.16810.2347
0.23580.1490.2315
0.23560.21510.2215
0.23010.26260.229
tomato paste
tomato juice
tomatoes
Blood withdrawal
Total lycopene in plasma [mol/L]
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Differences in the lycopene isomer pattern between tomato products (A) and human plasma (B)Hypothesis 1: (Z)-isomers are preferred in absorptionHypothesis 2: (Z)-isomers are formed after absorption within the body1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
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Human intervention study with lycopene (23-35 mg/d, 15 d) comprised in tomato products (juice and soup): - after a 7 days depletion period, the relative content of (E)-lycopene decreased from 44.4 % to 39.6 % while the content of (Z)-isomers increased from 55.6 % to 60.4 % isomerization of (E)-lycopene and/or biological preservation of (Z)-isomers (CW Hadley, SK Clinton, SJ Schwartz, J. Nutr. 133 (2003) 727-732)Fig. 6: Relative portions (mean) of lycopene isomers over time in subjects of the tomato paste group1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
Diagramm2
40.0859.92
30.0769.93
38.1761.83
41.1258.88
41.4858.52
39.1760.83
(E)-lycopene
lycopene (Z)-isomers
Relative portion of lycopene isomers [%]
Isomerenprozente
prozentuale Isomerenzusammensetzung
T-2T 0T+1T+2T+3T+4
Tomatenmark(E)-Lycopin40.0830.0738.1741.1241.4839.17
(5Z)-Lycopin29.8934.0531.2625.7721.4421.33
(15(Z)-Lycopin15.3119.4220.4821.7624.1623.08
(Z)-Lycopin,41 min7.738.115.726.757.9610.55
(Z)-Lycopin, 3er Gruppe6.998.354.374.604.965.87
(Gesamt-Z)-Lycopin59.9269.9361.8358.8858.5260.83
Tomatensaft(E)-Lycopin38.5830.5334.1035.3432.9236.54
(5Z)-Lycopin27.5632.0426.3924.3125.4824.33
(15(Z)-Lycopin20.8422.2723.4524.5925.1324.10
(Z)-Lycopin,41 min6.667.648.919.9410.219.21
(Z)-Lycopin, 3er Gruppe6.367.527.155.826.265.82
(Gesamt-Z)-Lycopin61.4269.4765.9064.6667.0863.46
Tomaten(E)-Lycopin39.5030.3145.3848.6248.4349.45
(5Z)-Lycopin34.1735.9523.7517.7319.3917.85
(15(Z)-Lycopin7.3211.929.0714.739.669.85
(Z)-Lycopin,41 min8.9710.0913.0912.9815.2215.97
(Z)-Lycopin, 3er Gruppe10.0411.738.715.947.306.88
(Gesamt-Z)-Lycopin60.5069.6954.6251.3851.5750.55
tomato paste group
Isomerenprozente
00
00
00
00
00
00
(E)-lycopene
lycopene (Z)-isomers
Relative portion of lycopene isomers [%]
00
00
00
00
00
00
(E)-Lycopin
(Z)-Lycopin
Anteil am Gesamtlycopin [%]
prozentuale Isomerenzusammensetzung in der Tomatensaft-Gruppe
00
00
00
00
00
00
(E)-Lycopin
(Z)-Lycopin
Anteil am Gesamtlycopin [%]
prozentuale Isomerenzusammensetzung in der Tomaten-Gruppe
40.0838.5839.5
30.0730.5330.31
38.1734.145.38
41.1235.3448.62
41.4832.9248.43
39.1736.54149.45
Tomatenmark-Gruppe
Tomatensaft-Gruppe
Tomaten-Gruppe
prozentualer (E)-Lycopinanteil am Gesamtlycopin
prozentualer (E)-Lycopinanteil
59.9261.4260.5
69.9369.4769.69
61.8365.954.62
58.8864.6651.38
58.5267.0851.57
60.8363.45950.55
Tomatenmark-Gruppe
Tomatensaft-Gruppe
Tomaten-Gruppe
prozentualer (E)-Lycopinanteil am Gesamtlycopin
prozentualer (Gesamt-Z)-Lycopinanteil
40.0829.8915.317.736.99
30.0734.0519.428.118.35
38.1731.2620.485.724.37
41.1225.7721.766.754.6
41.4821.4424.167.964.96
39.1721.3323.0810.555.87
(E)-Lycopin
(5Z)-Lycopin
(15Z)-Lycopin
(Z)-Lycopin, 41 min
(Z)-Lycopin, 3er Gruppe
Anteil am Gesamtlycopin [%]
prozentuale Isomerenzusammensetzung in der Tomatenmark-Gruppe
38.5827.5620.846.666.36
30.5332.0422.277.647.52
34.126.3923.458.917.15
35.3424.3124.599.945.82
32.9225.4825.1310.216.26
36.54124.3324.19.2095.82
(E)-Lycopin
(5Z)-Lycopin
(15Z)-Lycopin
(Z)-Lycopin, 41 min
(Z)-Lycopin, 3er Gruppe
Anteil am Gesamtlycopin [%]
prozentuale Isomerenzusammensetzung in der Tomatensaft-Gruppe
39.534.177.328.9710.04
30.3135.9511.9210.0911.73
45.3823.759.0713.098.71
48.6217.7314.7312.985.94
48.4319.399.6615.227.3
49.4517.859.8515.976.88
(E)-Lycopin
(5Z)-Lycopin
(15Z)-Lycopin
(Z)-Lycopin, 41 min
(Z)-Lycopin, 3er Gruppe
Anteil am Gesamtlycopin [%]
prozentuale Isomerenzusammensetzung in der Tomaten-Gruppe
-
Relative contents (mean) of lycopene isomers over time in subjects of the three intervention groups1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
Group
Isomer
T-2
T0
T1
T2
T3
T4
Tomatoes (n=6)
(E)-lycopene
39.5
30.3
45.4
48.6
48.4
49.5
(5Z)-lycopene
34.2
36.0
23.8
17.7
19.4
17.9
(15Z)-lycopene
7.3
11.9
9.1
14.7
9.7
9.9
lycopene (Z)-isomers
9.0
10.1
13.1
13.0
15.2
16.0
lycopene (Z)-isomers
10.0
11.7
8.7
5.9
7.3
6.9
Tomato juice (n=6)
(E)-lycopene
38.6
30.5
34.1
35.3
32.9
36.5
(5Z)-lycopene
27.6
32.0
26.4
24.3
25.5
24.3
(15Z)-lycopene
20.8
22.3
23.5
24.6
25.1
24.1
lycopene (Z)-isomers
6.7
7.6
8.9
9.9
102.
9.2
lycopene (Z)-isomers
6.4
7.5
7.2
5.8
6.3
5.8
Tomato paste (n=5)
(E)-lycopene
40.1
30.1
38.2
41.1
41.5
39.2
(5Z)-lycopene
29.9
34.1
31.3
25.8
21.4
21.3
(15Z)-lycopene
15.3
19.4
20.5
21.8
24.2
23.1
lycopene (Z)-isomers
7.7
8.1
5.7
6.8
8.0
10.6
lycopene (Z)-isomers
7.0
8.4
4.4
4.6
5.0
5.9
T-2: Blood withdrawal prior to initial period, T0-T4: Blood withdrawals prior to
and during intervention period
-
Fig. 7: Plasma lycopene concentrations (mean + sd) over time in non-smokers and smokers consuming daily portions of tomato paste for 2 weeks after a 2 weeks initial period1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
Diagramm2
0.77830.63360.26210.4166
0.39930.48030.16130.1665
0.741.0640.23250.2358
non-smoking controls
smokers
Blood withdrawal
Total lycopene in plasma [mol/L]
(Gesamt)-Lycopin
Gesamtlycopin [mol/l]als Summe von (E)-Lycopin und aller (Z)-Lycopinisomere
T-2T 0T+2
TomatenmarkMW0.77830.39930.74
Standabw.0.41660.16650.2358
RaucherMW0.63360.48031.0640
Standabw.0.26210.16130.2325
(Gesamt)-Lycopin
000.26210.4166
000.16130.1665
000.23250.2358
non smoking controls
smoker
Blood withdrawal
Total lycopene in plasma [mol/L]
graphische Darstellung der Proz
prozentuale Isomerenzusammensetzung
T-2T 0T+2
Tomatenmark(E)-Lycopin40.0830.0741.12
(5Z)-Lycopin29.8934.0525.77
(15(Z)-Lycopin15.3119.4221.76
(Z)-Lycopin,41 min7.738.116.75
(Z)-Lycopin, 3er Gruppe6.998.354.60
(Gesamt-Z)-Lycopin59.9269.9358.88
Raucher(E)-Lycopin39.4940.2546.50
(5Z)-Lycopin30.5931.5723.35
(15(Z)-Lycopin11.8113.179.96
(Z)-Lycopin,41 min9.8810.5511.72
(Z)-Lycopin, 3er Gruppe8.234.468.47
(Gesamt-Z)-Lycopin60.5159.7553.50
graphische Darstellung der Proz
00
00
00
(E)-Lycopin
(Z)-Lycopin
Vergleich der prozentuale Isomerenzusammensetzung in der Rauchergruppe
00
00
00
Tomatenmark-Gruppe
Raucher-Gruppe
Anteil (E)-Lycopin am Gesamtlycopin [%]
prozentualer (E)-Lycopinanteil
00000
00000
00000
(E)-Lycopin
(5Z)-Lycopin
(15Z)-Lycopin
(Z)-Lycopin, 41 min
(Z)-Lycopin, 3er Gruppe
prozentuale Isomerenzusammensetzung in der Raucher-Gruppe
00
00
00
Tomatenmark-Gruppe
Raucher-Gruppe
Anteil (Z)-Lycopin am Gesamtlycopin [%]
prozentualer (Z)-Lycopinanteil
-
Fig. 8: Relative portions (mean) of lycopene isomers over time in smokers consuming daily portions of tomato paste for 2 weeks after a 2 weeks initial period1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
Diagramm3
39.4960.51
40.2559.75
46.553.5
(E)-lycopene
lycopene (Z)-isomers
(Gesamt)-Lycopin
Gesamtlycopin [mol/l]als Summe von (E)-Lycopin und aller (Z)-Lycopinisomere
T-2T 0T+2
TomatenmarkMW0.77830.39930.74
Standabw.0.41660.16650.2358
RaucherMW0.63360.48031.0640
Standabw.0.26210.16130.2325
(Gesamt)-Lycopin
000.26210.4166
000.16130.1665
000.23250.2358
non smoking controls
smoker
Blood withdrawal
Total lycopene in plasma [mol/L]
graphische Darstellung der Proz
prozentuale Isomerenzusammensetzung
T-2T 0T+2
Tomatenmark(E)-Lycopin40.0830.0741.12
(5Z)-Lycopin29.8934.0525.77
(15(Z)-Lycopin15.3119.4221.76
(Z)-Lycopin,41 min7.738.116.75
(Z)-Lycopin, 3er Gruppe6.998.354.60
(Gesamt-Z)-Lycopin59.9269.9358.88
Raucher(E)-Lycopin39.4940.2546.50
(5Z)-Lycopin30.5931.5723.35
(15(Z)-Lycopin11.8113.179.96
(Z)-Lycopin,41 min9.8810.5511.72
(Z)-Lycopin, 3er Gruppe8.234.468.47
(Gesamt-Z)-Lycopin60.5159.7553.50
graphische Darstellung der Proz
00
00
00
(E)-lycopene
lycopene (Z)-isomers
00
00
00
Tomatenmark-Gruppe
Raucher-Gruppe
Anteil (E)-Lycopin am Gesamtlycopin [%]
prozentualer (E)-Lycopinanteil
00000
00000
00000
(E)-Lycopin
(5Z)-Lycopin
(15Z)-Lycopin
(Z)-Lycopin, 41 min
(Z)-Lycopin, 3er Gruppe
prozentuale Isomerenzusammensetzung in der Raucher-Gruppe
00
00
00
Tomatenmark-Gruppe
Raucher-Gruppe
Anteil (Z)-Lycopin am Gesamtlycopin [%]
prozentualer (Z)-Lycopinanteil
-
Conclusions Lycopene (Z)-isomers might be formed after absorption within the body Smokers showed a different absorption time course for lycopene and a different isomer pattern compared to non-smokers Further ongoing studies will look on the metabolism of lycopene more in detail (kinetic studies, oxidation products, etc.)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004
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AcknowledgementsAntje Schmid Karin Kaufmann Doreen ReuterKati FrhlichHeike Schmidt Irmtraut SchmuckDr. J. SchlenzkaDr. Th. SickerDr. U. KuhnDr. Th. FrankeVolunteers of the human studiesProf. Steven SchwartzTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONDr. Dietmar BreithauptDr. Jrgen Conrad1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
"Tomatoes and cardiovascular diseases", Murcia, 14.10.2004