be
Pacific
Northwest
Tracker
Association .
a
yearning
can
absorb
only
Galaxies
full richness of
observa-
tion
with
such
become
to
book in this series,
find the necessary materials. He cannot
travel
safely
for the
My
our
fellow
creatures. It does not take a great deal of perception to
see that
we have
we have
their teens
we
cut
with
the
lawn
mower
screams
as
loudly
as
to
walk
gracefully
in
and how
to move
a
wild
animal.
art of
animal track-
that
I
have
nor
can
with
more
assurance
advantage
must then go the distance and read the ground for
yourself.
case
with
more
than
a
leaving
hardly
to
landscape.
He
could
stalk
with his bare
an extended
until
we
woods
and
occur.
For
our wilderness
destination and Sunday is a mad rush to get back. Very
httle time is actu-
a convenience
and the
dimension beyond
time that
back on
is free
hurrying
along
But
there
are
slower pace
leaves your
ears open
weekends),
it
is
packed
with
people
one
be
seen
there,
moment
later
used my
The first rays of the sun were
marvelous. As they
cast their light
coat of a red
fox, which dazzled my
had burned
into the day, I had seen a buck break cover
and
was
leading
reached out and
woods seemed to
gun blast. The
forest exploded in
diving chip-
Deciding
camp
before
sunup,
and
they
speed
up
four or five
con-
on
patience
and
solitude.
inconspicuous
stump,
an
all-seeing
eye.
When
you
are
truly
worry
about
the
future.
An
argument
with
the
brother
and
sister,
and
construct
such
perceptions.
keep up
gesture and touch than
also
preserve
moving as
quietly as
names to things.
do
is
beginning
bird or
mammal is
have had
bug, or
snail
began
traveling
there's
or
of the five
own name
in its
get
and sensations.
tree or
help it.
coveries are made.
First of all,
everybody else
goes. The
found in the
heart of the
wherever
you
go,
go
with
a
attracted
to
a hunch there are
you
have
your
up
in
than
a
car
at first a holding
spontaneous. The spontaneity
  Then, to
get my
students to
totally outrageous
unusual
things:
chmbing
trees
and
yelling
diving into
There
are
main
people
excuses are
endless. Worse
anything.
They
actually
preprogram
allow
prejudice
to
learn some
planet
Venus.
jetty half-naked.
my
body
themselves
be cut off
burst
to
them.
I
free from
the love of
my
The man stopped, came
out
at the critical moment
he looked up at a woman and an older man sitting
on the
of your past
you
have
forgotten.
Learn
From
Rick
and
to
achievements
respect
us.
We
can
great
deal
terrestrial
torpedo
with
cybernetic
radar.
It
flows
scout
and
hunter
use it
in the
only repeating
would
take
the
current
rushing
could
feel
the wind whispering
I
was
away
flower,
offices far removed
from the soil
express
our
natural
love
and
attachment
to
terminal, or an airport,
people
ignore.
a matter
forcing
yourself
home, ask
Ap-
proach
where you go.
the
same
viewpoint.
occasion when we
the
same
angle
on
a
while.
look at it from an ant's point of view, suddenly
it
or below, it again
changes its aspect, even
same
flower.
ground
ahead.
Look
been blinded
by tunnel
sleep?
Or
how
difficult
it
into
the
field
certain parts
of the
 Animal Highways
and Signs,
areas that offer
are
such as
as voles,
These animals in turn attract predators such as hawks, owls,
weasels, and foxes
after them.
night
have
a
these things make it
than
ours.
You
can
ask yourself
this: If
into the brush and
views
are
sitting at
(With
most
of practice.
With practice,
larger
lecture
corner of my
The key
is to
boat
exercise
that
can
in Stalking
of
curv^ed like mammoth
stones.
In
myself with a
the embankment,
I thought
bits
I felt
Apparently
I
did.
what
must
have
heel mark of a
was
no
the
worlds
you focus on s mething smal or close up, there
may
be
a
earth, and I missed
passed right by
catch
the
bullet
in
my
side
instead
good eye.
photographer
of seeing the
an
trying to create interesting
patterns. Look at small
things close up. Exam-
ine surfaces, textures, patterns
this
at
things
with
the
what
It is always
with
when
the
scene
a
fourth
return
to
That's
really
beautiful.
perfectly
around
its
head,
wings,
legs,
and
feet.
to the
most amazing
aspects of
nature. Anyone
the pastel
If
you
are
patient
enough
You
will
see
shapes
loom
colors brighten or blend, shadows
grow or fade, and textures deepen or flatten. Use
what you learn
of the day.
Listening to
the
distant
have
messages
All
rock
deaf;
it's
just
that
while
I'm
only
on
you
notice
about
it?
How
one at a time and notice
their different
of hearing
in
sounds
such
as
wind
of
animals
you
of other
animals to
communicate with
night sounds. Most
with relatively
ears
are
The greater the ears'
mobility, the
We don't have
but we can
The system is
and
push
direction
the
calling,
it
can
calculate
their
location.
Vou
cafi
do
the
coyotes,
and
deer
solve
the
pr()l)lem
by
Then, with
one ear
cupped fonvard.
sound seems to be registering in the middle of your
head, cup
on it. This should
water.
Grandfather?
kind of snake
stalk quietly down to the
swamp,
was
nothing
for the Pine
Barrens we were
For
a
was exceptionally
the birds and other animals
that
were
scolding
they were intimi-
reverberations
from
an
event
anirnals around him.
knew that
accurately.
I
notice
that
it
is
but
How would nou
whole
plants.
or strip of bark, for instance) to capture its smell.
After
plant.
When
you
their noses
were savor-
instincts are
aroused at
these moments? All I know is that it is sometimes all they can
do
to
doing
so.
Most
mammals
cow
is
smell as
now.
Exercise
2-18
familiar?
you
pot roast
misconception
about
the
feel
of
you're
lying
in
the
as you thread
swamp as
the prick
too much
Use
your
imagination
splash and wash
as skin
tightens and
exercise.
You
anything short of
you are truly
interested in rehabilitating
of being
fool is the person who stays
encapsulated
and
with
total receptor, experi-
you
are,
to
before.
Now
body.
What
does
often,
though,
it
will
take
ground with
a
with the right
a mingling of
hast(\
eonsuining
food
as
our
cars
consume
There,
people
often
and
hardness
as
each food
as a
this way we
to enliven
hearing
of sight
bring
you
selves for
about a
survived these ordeals,
string and
establish a
can
experience
it
without
can
always
at a
full
experience
of
nature,
there
of color,
As you
ferences in the layers, and so on. If you like,
use a magnifying
of each
food
their combination
chew, and pay attention
can eat this
buying as the
peo-
ple
got
perched on some
airy ledge, the
movements bring
to
know
ear to the object
sound
of tlir
the
object
and
your mind. If the
to travel
Another
the
or to
see animals
more important,
so focused
your night travels
will
the
wind
pick out trails and
learned to
observation
than
meets
the
eye,
Stalking
beyond our
where
where
we
were like
curtains or
challenges
of
my
life.
of
consciousness
correspond to
waking
state.
To
sudden
sounds or absorb subtle
It is
a
to learning.
The third
reached in the
experience
it
vividly
enough
to
be
attained
ically solve
who
who have experienced it,
flea that
with
their
surroundings,
and
have
their surroundings.
and buttocks.
hands, then the
joints and bones
base to the
liquid.
how
find pleasing and sit
you,
and
um-
bilical
cord.
When
few
deep
deflating
a
With
abil-
on an ocean
beach, sinking into
you'll
be
There
is
is the
of
once-in-a-Hfetime
wonders
while
our
is capahle
of creating
not
keep
the
for a lifetime,
Soon the demon arrives,
demon is
The man
more work.
may
not
to
or I'll
to buy him
door.
holy
Unperturbed,
to
keep
it
straight.
man
gives
he
hair
from
symbol
for
the
for
relaxa-
mind and you
the
exercise
your
concentration.
You
may
even
begin
go beyond the five
I've
direction,
animal
out
with
the long arm of its spirit and tapped me on the shoulder.
Yet I do not consider such
things supernatural or even
have
us are so cut off from our natural roots that
we
sensory
potential.
of their presence
importance.
or
father
were
was reading—right
down to the
deeper states
the land of their ancient ancestors, to a place and
time
and pick
into
the
hands
of
divert my own mind to an
entirely different subject
every
four
answers
are
picked plants
exercises
might
made up. More often
new
and
are
just
more often the
Out of
identify a certain
made a mental note of where
he heard it,
pecking
rust-colored
feathers
in
its
wings
dream,
had
seen
He might
He
had
by
living in
very
deep
states
while
would seem
I
have
become
so
I
have
lost track of any bodily sensations—and so can you. You will know
when
is like slipping
l)e-
 self
that
is
Mother
that
it is like to be
that
person.
Any
enough
that
animal
the inescapable conclusion that
done
form, this
awareness asks
you to
and your own family,
easy task, especially
proud and superior, to use the gifts of nature with-
out giving
to
exercise
best,
we
the
 change places
that his own
separateness are
deeply woven
into the
for that
new direction
own terms.
sheep
and
allowed
to
mill
about
among
the
is talk
important.
A
in my barn, and
and I don't
tlu-m.
I
move
very
slowly
whose
men
were
state of mind.
I also
are
incapable
of sophisticated thought and mental turmoil) spend most of their time
in
gives
blend
with
their
them, you may experience some
amazing things. A case in point is Sally
Carrighar, a nature writer who developed
such a rapport with
think of
birds and
it
fill
new body.
and
nutrients
being
absorbed,
rising
approaches.
You
it trots
the heavy
tip of your
the force of
frozen,
and
covering
grows
thicker
grasses
are
be heard as the meadow
animals make their final adjustments
to the onset
things
sug-
rooted to
mentioned do
not
to
a
different
both
relaxing
and
purifying.
Bnt
on
a
a circular area
and mark it
the stake to
determine the positions
should
be
of the circle
west side
plastic.
add an interior matting
earth and
the inde-
water
source.
sometimes
taloupe-sized
rocks
a
ten
the
second
layer,
On entering,
an offering
prayer, the
touch
the
a
burning
material
To protect
have high
to achieve
the vision quest.
disappearance of the
do
with
very profound.
new
one.
medicine area
the elders
of the
first the eyes focus on the
beauties of
nature and
truly
entertains
or
quest.
Afterwards
there
is
no
such
urgency.
Time
and
of
a
mouse,
the
waving
of
solitude,
an
experience
that
leu
people
allow
they busy
alone
with
ourselves
that
we
can
begin
to
find the inner peace and harmon\ that leads to a
sense
of
oneness
with
nature.
that
its deeper spiritual roots. I do not talk of spirituaHty
here in
a traditionally
capacity we all have for a closer
connec-
tion
to
life. Such a capacity is by far the most important tool
in
nature
teach, for
be taken as a prescrip-
tion for
the native
of a long
well
many other
close
the
sim-
Many great
freshly
you're off-trail, walk
any
more
or
less
Then
—
Nature
Observation
and
Tracking
frenzy
subsides
the
leaves,
the
colors
earth
feels
beneath
their
feet
and
sometimes
not the
flow o
or the flow
countryside no matter how
what
that they
spirit
the
unwanted
thoughts,
nudging
miles
he
doesn't
know
known
to
run
120
campground
about
and
citified
our
gait
had
be-
come
after
shelter
and
But a lot of it is also technique. Since removing
our feet
because there's not
we have
city shuffle.
as easy as
usually to make sure
to catch up
a
wide
stance—
heel
first,
feet
splayed,
work with
fallen arches,
aching feet,
we suffer all kinds of unexpected
mishaps,
down.
Let
your
thereof)
is
the
walk
most
onto the sidewalks of
it.
I
a mile an hour
of
by the
creek, the
sweep over
to where
a fox
spent the
If I'm
off-trail, I
do the
obstacles
can
yours.
Exercise
4-3:
Trail
Walk
as
and
inward
Even
picking
up
response to
you can
maintain the
fox walk
on almost
any trail
without looking
ing
flow
thighs are not
so
slowly
Americans
were
white
people
Even
John
Muir,
who
was
to
into
his
camp
unseen
and
now
stood
—
had
fine an art as
through dedicated
even in his
sound.
With
Stalking
we
thick
woods,
nou
ma\
i)e
ai)le
to
crouch,
crawl,
your
knee
level.
Point
the
toes
downward
Try
to
move
smoothly,
without
jerking.
the ground,
lift your
with
or snap a
first
irregularities
its head is down.
the
occasional
as long as it's part of the natural flow. They
are usually
repetitive
business
and
If so, do it in a stalking
manner.
Never
sure
you
won't
snap
anything.
Then
do
the
same
with
leg clears the ground.
you are
onto the
animal. Then
enough to
improve
your
exercise than
trying to
practiced
on
almost
evePk'thing.
We
do so with
Step over
small obstacles
for holes in
snug
top
will
whereas
cotton,
for animals
to spot
you. Stay
away from
bright colors;
other
earthy
tones. Also stay away from hats or anything you might lose
in the
binding
or
restrict-
loose that it
catches on branches
the
However,
don't
your
and letting them
breath, you can chew on mint leaves or pine needles.
Hiding
in the first
in
transition
areas
that
and
bedding
understand
their
habits
(see
 Animal
at a distance,
popular
trail
junc-
tion
gen-
cover and a good
Flow into
(The
more
to
much
like
wounded
rodents
or
agitated
birds.
This
may
attract
both
predators
and
prey.
You
can
usually
freeze by
a
One
was
by
camouflaging
themselves
as
Another
trick
my head,
conceal it next time. To
make your
disappearing act
being
seen.
small
wild
thought
of
mice,
but
the
track
wide, drawn out in flowing curves
1m*-
hind
him
track in the
but not entirely.
with the landscape. You
written
by
have
to
tracker. Keep
this in
view
and
mountain,
or
a
mud
puddle.
There
are
almost
as
many
tracks
made
by
something.
Whether
it
was
it.
The
Ground
Is
a
Manuscript
are left
by squirrels
of
worms
and
insects.
intercon-
You look for evidence
flat-
tened
grasses,
misplaced
and notice
these things with
the trail of
imagination. You
rushed up
to see
Our
minds
they gradually
 Well,
the date
and you
of meaning. You
and
of move-
ment over
and years
its tracks and
it long
hours of This is like
a
third
or
you
have
to
crawl
before
you
with animal
psychiatric help.
of a car, I
and
into
two
areas
of
empha-
sis:
track
descriptions
family, listing
measurements, patterns,
more
understanding.
Also included are occasional tips on how best to ob-
many
lion)
round,
delicate
prints showing four toes on the front feet and four on the
rear
print.
Cats
leaving
leaT
shape
are
easily
distinguished
which
leaves
a
of the
size,
and
it
and
wolverines)
and shape, from
these animals
four
primary
the body at the same time. As the right front
foot
moves
forward,
so
from a toddler. Then
 feet.
opossum, skunk, wolverine,
lumber along, shuffling both right legs, then
both
go.
hands
short-legged animals
and
ground
dwellers
and in trees)
here
is
bounders, then
cat
example,
a
normal
walk,
rate of
prints. For
suddenly
increases
that animal in
inches.
But
with
a
coyote
sets of prints
Unusual Gaits. There are some situations in which animals move
more slowly than their normal
slow
rate
threatening or feeling antagonistic, most
animals switch from their normal slow gait to a pace. Pacing makes an
animal look
too
—moving
one
looks just
It works like
much
as
and can
the
species
averages
the
tracks.
Measure
and width
along the
print.
a
snowshoe
tance a
determine straddle,
from the
wind
has
left
nothing
to
count.
But
for
accurate
foot
measure-
ments,
sixteen
make heart-shaped
If there is
it a moose;
box
well
for
clear
print
registration.
Bait
animals
love),
I
want
to
diagonal
walker.
the shoulders than
at the hips,
feet
feet
front
feet.
Let's
a
of the animal
that line. (You
in order
to
the
left,
Next,
decide
and which
walker
If
the
the one that
has
immature animal.
feet.
There
are
of
the
most
in
one
place.
can bound up to
a
young
Three of the most useful guidebooks to North American mammals
are
bobcat, lynx,
front
also
pace
camouflage
sonrself
in
a
hide
some
distance
rodent
or
bird
by
tail
and
weighs
very nocturnal, and one
are even
areas
where
whatever
it
plentiful, its
areas it may range up to 50 miles. It loves
rough,
brushy
areas
with
plenty
found in rocky,
and
hair-raising
fire
at
often
inhabit
the
same
areas
but
each
tinie
it
was
al)<)ut
to
spring,
I
yanked
the
finally
Instead of ruiming
with little
showshoes
and
can
float
a
galloping
lynx
cats, preferring
and
domain. Usually
is
an
almost
certain
indication
of
most anything
it can
in the spring.
The lynx
me from behind. It must
have
mistaken
though
I
its
mistake,
them is
either very
returning
from
to
areas
mating
it often kills
the carcass
to them frequently until
eat carrion or tainted
depending
on
the
gives
birth
in
the
spring.
years.
are sexually
and men-
Awareness,
page
63).
If
see
one
slowly
down
and spread
out like
cats
leave
marks.
Dogs hunt singly, in pairs, or in packs, depending on the species
and time of year.
wolf
Dogs
3y2
bushy tail. It
lives throughout most
bound
rather
than
gallop.
in order of
look. But
a
watch
is
about
3
feet
habits
and
to rabbits,
except
where
caves, and some-
spring.
One
of
stick. Do
other
hand.
j
States,
Canada,
and
Mexico.
It
prefers
and
even
thriving
tell
them
about 16 scjuare
areas.
Coyotes
a steady
trot for
hours at
member
can catch,
though they
any part of
the body to
also eat birds and a variety
of fruit, nuts, and
omnivorous
as
whole
earthworks. Either the mother or one of her offspring use
the same
discovered.
stay
with
their families for about three months after the birth of the pups,
but
coyotes
camouflaging
where
twelve.
These
are
usual )
e.xtended
families.
rushing
in
and
wolves go
saw
way
without
purposes,
almost
hairless
to
bits
primarily
 
is
of the
hare that lives
from 5
warm months, and some females raise as many as four
litters of two to four
babies a
varial)l(\ dcpcndnig
length from 12
They range
from 1
to 15
of two
the ground. Unlike
for some time.
One of the
hollow
diameter. Especially in winter, these are circular
and
very
fibrous.
very
the more common
porcupines,
musk-
their
chisel-sharp
incisors
gnawing
vegetation.
concentrate on
patterns rather
V
combining this
States
the genus includes
with
logs,
burrows.
a
great
seed
and nut eater, often storing large quantities for future use. Its drop-
pings are
year long
babies
a
year.
The
young
vegetable
are much larger,
most of
walks
when
stalking,
and
paces
dents.
averages
from
half
weight.
found
collecting
odds
sticks
and
3
and will
eat
beetles,
slugs,
snails,
and the
second in
only about 200
tree trunks,
ground
nests.
Their
main
is
the
It
has
two
establish
an
elaborate
marks
and
punctures
tail and weighing
5 to 20
and
up
dog.
Most
and
some
also
aestivate
only
about
four
state
Western
chirp or
160 acres, depending
shami)lin^
through
are found
and
sticks
on
which
to
rest
and
feed,
the
pungent odor
year, the
wide
and %
willow,
aspen,
glands. The
Beavers are very territorial and don't readily
accept
with the
parents in
feet.
they
and
feet
in
and
effective
hunter
I
bolt,
incessantly
searching,
sniffing,
and exploring. It feeds mainly on voles, mice, birds, eggs, and
sometimes
as large as a
duck or rabbit without
is
a
skull.
caches its prey.
Often it takes over
with the
animal's own
fur. It
single
night's
weasels, found throughout
there
is
water.
Like
the
a
4-
The mink is found throughout most of North America, with
the
exception
primarily mice, rats, frogs,
on the
help to get
tree
cavities
is nocturnal
and solitar),
10 s(|uare
and weighs
the water,
is very gregarious and
its
way
in
mid-sprinj^.
To
lodge—usually
It can sense
humans a long
the United
an
including
the
bushy
tail,
and
weighs
between
fruits. Its
including rock
piles, beneath
for carrion within
When
threatening,
it
does
a
handstand
Striped
Skunk
(Mephitis
mephitis)
den. Except
though
it
slow
walks
when
stalking
and
bounds
when
feet
long
Sometimes
you
can
even
wait
.suc-
cessfully
beside
the
United
States,
and other animals'
that
it
sometimes
uses
within
Coons are
spring.
they may
even overwinter
the
same
size.
for several
not hibernate.
whether
capable of
side, or close to
a litter,
with two
The
the rac-
carnivore of
In other words,
and
in rock
caves, hollow
areas during
the winter
the female
sometimes leaving long hairs caught
in
the
bark.
the
time
It
feeds
on
grasses,
Vi inch
often is
that most
up on
them chewing
their cuds,
deer's hoofs
padding
recedes,
leaving
the
better
year.
It also
animals,
is
a
diagonal
walker.
Its
running
gait
mountainous
country.
and
to
a
calf
in
late
spring.
The
far
average
is
pounds.) It
solid
skin
hanging
water. Their
prime food
is willow,
but they
also eat
signs left by elk
calf in late
deer. In
weighs from
though
they
and
Tracking
Bighorn
Sheep
(Ovis
canadensis)
I'.i'.'.
than
females).
the American
Sheep
a great
to one or two
are transition
of vegetation.
brush, trees,
and forbs.
infrequently
used
that
it
is
almost
Hat.
W
ith
repeated
use
it
are
used
patter of
plant growth
fall
or
winter.
size of
such
as
mice,
chipmunks,
and
scpiirrels
but
raccoons,
and
opossums,
but
not
by
larger
animals
them.
Directional
Trails.
Certain
are identified
supermarkets,
and
Observation
ing areas
The
the
 cluster
junc-
tion
the
 manifold
junction
section of trail with many runs branching off both sides.
Both
these
Initially
the
been
end and find
brush
body.
They
large amounts of hair (the animal's own or another's) or
other
soft
and
how
smooth
by
the
bodies
of
passing
animals.
By
left
by
animals
that
have
braked
in
mud
as those
by squirrels when caching nuts in
the
other
grasses,
and
greens
that
provide
the
gnawings
or
Incised Vegetation. Incised gnawings
 mow
stress farther
the toothmarks. How
animal
those of
similar
size.
is blunt
and some-
to grab a plant and yank
until it
even
indicates a carnivore (most often a member of the dog
or cat
marks
there are
their
teeth.
In
there
was
no
exit
The
sharjD
hoof
and
so
mind. Most important,
leaves
footprints,
find such subtle signs that you may wonder whether they
were
that
every
distur-
wasn't
an
animal,
width
assume it
droppings that
quickly classify the animal
cat
the other,
rabbits. The scats of
and
animal needs
for food,
you
can.
This
will
force
and Tracking
you can
determine
the
animal's
diet,
terri-
other animals.
fibrous,
cut
it
in
vegetation
and
nuts, seeds,
becomes quite hard and compact,
consisting
sandy-looking. All others
Predator droppings are fascinating.
discover the
and are
an
animal's
diet
is
for
animal hairs, and most
strands
obstacles, or projections
suggest that
use
a
actually
of its size.
important
to
use
a
mag-
nifying
glass.
Dislodged
stones
dirt on
circumference.
A
patterns. View
the soil be-
often pre-
terrain,
the
soil.
you're standing,
an passes,
Exercise
7-4:
Small-scale
Tracking
Often
I
see
One
of the small
—better yet,
this often,
and leave nothing unexamined. Look for prints and partial prints,
old de-
signs
square
the meal
is
the
true
spirit
of
tracking,
and
nothing
foot
as
it
was
first causes
a deep
into
in the sand,
them.
Several
times
people
it does
—but so
foot
comes
many
wonderful
across
the
landscape.
Following
are
much
indicates
an
animal
traveling
in
a
straight
line.
It
a
turn.
They
be-
tween
line in hoofed animals,
ken and
and if in
Nature Observation
dication of
ally
occurs
when
frus-
sudden, sharp impact, much
on
the
foot.
example
on
human
foot-
of
multaneous
spreading
one overlapping
been
is
often
pushed
dou-
ble
tracks.)
heel
toe
Exercise
8-1:
Coffee
Cup
Tracking
The
they will
do you
The
diagram
were no
heav-
iest
and
just
in
more,
indicated
by
ble wave,
of animals
long
here's how
they are hardly distinguishable as tracks. However, there are
ways
area,
then
turn
your
blow on
will
stand
out
bottle. As the water seeps into the
ground, it firms up the track and
em-
phasizes
bag)
and
allow
the
plaster
to
set
for
weather,
it. then
Once
 track in
slice straight
Gradually
moving when
with
much larger than
sections
of
do this using similar
it
should
not
even
visible
making a
cross section,
stratified layers.
tom
bottom is
try to
tracks
even
de-
down on top of them.
This is especially
true of direct-registering
animals such as
bird
walked
in
your
note-
book,
you
tiny pockmarks,
flows into the middle; and
eventually
the
how old
is.
Being
creation
is
an
ideally, sand,
blunt instrument.
soil types
and put
you can compare
all the tracks
watch
of
effects
of
Be systematic about
side of the
track, much as in the dunes of a desert.) Record the results in your
note-
twenty
degrees
and
way
often
occurs
when
as
a
tree
Record the results of your
study
with
Effects
of
different
wind
out
of
Freezing causes
with
to
become
beginners
actually
been
a
weather
and
topography.
on
determine
the
movements
of
wind
against
the ground, but they slowly become blunt and darken as time goes
b\
inner
surface
area
is
exposed
to
with
of
live
plants
(for
two
will
this record
of change
 Aging Scat
inside. This would be a
relatively
has become
soft and mucous-lined on the
outside
ani-
weather
can
preserve
it
break
difficult to age than
exposed
in
your
weather.
You can do this in much the same way you did
with
vegetation
The
hours
around
mid-
day
compressions,
irregularities,
up and look for
patterns and
shadows. If you lose sight of a faint track, let your
eyes
go
into
splatter
vision
for
a
5. Thumb
thumbprint
with
the
your skin and finger-
tips. Let your whole
you
think
the
threatening
is
your
internal dialogue.
sions
are
of logical
Is
there
support? Which
have
on
the
one
you're
following?
5.
How
would
these
things
affect
its
actions?
measure and
(See
 Measurements,
page
129.)
where
is
valuable
or
in
soft
soil.
a bed
farther,
a
variety
of
the most useful aids is the tracking
stick. This is nothing
even
distance
of the
stick to
fourth
marker
animal, you
you
might
want
noticing
finer
and
finer
animals
that
much
easier.
The
be
disadvantage
is
finding
the
to
the
animal's
move-
ments.
of clues and
one. If you
find a set
find
a
track
Releases,
There
are
is always
finding the next track,
you'll
have
been
destroyed
1)\
wind,
rain,
or
other
Whatever
the
situation,
mark
the
last
360
degrees,
looking
for
logical
routes.
taking
Cross tracking
(also called
track is on one
for the
highway and
is
in
search up
such
obstacles,
of
stopped
you
can
I
have
found
that
terrain. If
you use
sticks with-
out string,
flat on top
This
way,
you
can
also
indicate
pitch,
tracking
humans
(see
 Search
when
you
should
use
only
times of the
eyes almost all the time, as your hands are the
most sensitive
tracking devices
they
will
more sensitive than
telltale
depression.
If
the
track
you
first
have
the track,
though
ask
your-
self
what
and
other
large-scale
signs.
First
areas that
and determine
you can fairly
track
and
 sweep
looking for
a
by
Tracking With Flashlight
be
Keep the track
soft
beam
Whatever
the
reasons,
many
of
these
people
die
the
country.
California
in
particular
hours or
determining
a
I
classes to
you are qualified,
is accepted.
to discover that
you don't know
not only
the
best
ways
of
cooperat-
ing
with
other
pass on some  track
search.
is about
whet
it
yourself.
(If you are interested in further study, a good introductory book
is Mantracking,
magazine
The
different from tracking any
same
culty
instead
bramble out of
much
disturbance
as
an
elephant.
a lost
is obviously
Many
have
topographic map
naturally
 leads
a
person
to
such
A
adult
able
in cases
of injury
or ex-
first gather all the
pearance.
To
do
this,
it
may
be
may
make
people sometimes have different stories. Also remember that the witness
(possibly a
con-
cern
your questions without
answers to
get
speculation and mis-
when
gathering
information.
1.
Name
9.
Equipment
2.
Age
be
dropped
or
discarded
along
the
trail.
(He-
member
that
panicked
people
often
forget
or
discard
important
clothing
of
travel.
Again,
don't
lead
the
witness.
Just
do
and
where
what
you
would
do,
given
left-handed people take
with the
left foot.)
comparing it
critical
of
all,
since
it
of the
(ideally
the
one
where
the
footwear
was
bought)
especially
important.
Organizing
the
Search
The
on its
sheriff,
it
is
up
itself well
a
dependable
begin
their
search
here,
checking
along
a track
or elimi-
—
to
is
should also be done very slowly
and
second
chance
to
by
there
will
find
evidence
there.
If
When a possible track is found, it is aged, mea-
sured,
 weighed,
 
whereabouts
and
they
go.
Nothing
found.
j
next confirmation
beyond
out in
to
reach
the
end
of
the
trail,
you're
going
to
pushoff
tracks made
—and
damp
track people
into
a
smoothly
develop a
o
1
G)
CD
00
1
li
Subconscious
perceptions
Size-group