tom a. royer ipm coordinator and extension entomologist oklahoma state university ipm for...
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Tom A. RoyerIPM Coordinator and Extension Entomologist
Oklahoma State University
IPM for Right-of-Way Vegetation Management
Oklahoma Vegetation Management Association Conference and Trade Show
IPM? IVM? What’s the Difference
In rights-of-way (ROW), the primary pest management concern is vegetation
IVM uses all the principles of IPM (comprehensive, economical, environmentally responsible) to manage non-compatible vegetation
ROW Targets
'Non-compatible vegetation' include tree species and noxious/invasive species that will impact ROW or adjacent properties
It does not mean total vegetation management It does try to maintain a plant community that is
least disruptive to wildlife, fisheries and human activity
IVM Goals
‘Managed succession’ to develop tree-resistant, sustainable plant communities
Impact target vegetation without injuring desirable vegetation - maintain cover
Accomplish with minimal $
Wire Zone - Border ZoneWire Zone - Border Zone
Wire ZoneWire ZoneBorder ZoneBorder Zone Border ZoneBorder Zone
herbaceous, or very low growing woody species
herbaceous, or very low growing woody species
herbaceous, shrubs, small tree species
herbaceous, shrubs, small tree species
herbaceous, shrubs, small tree species
herbaceous, shrubs, small tree species
Courtesy of Art Glover, Pennsylvania State University
Identify plant, life cycle, habitat Combine IVM methods
1. Cultural2. Biological3. Ecological 4. Mechanical5. Chemical
IVM Management Techniques
Cultural
Competitive, native plants– highly desired– plant succession force– naturally perpetuating wildflower meadow (rare in
eastern OK, common in western OK)– need research to identify desirable species
Biological Methods
Insects (thistle weevil) Pathogens - Myrothecium verrucaria Grazing animals (geese, goats, live mowers) Competitive/compatible plants
Classical Biological Control
Limited to high-impact species, usually exotic and invasive– Purple loosestrife– Musk thistle– Salt Cedar– Field Bindweed
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Archives , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, www.invasive.org
Ecological Control
Overlap of Cultural and Biological control concepts Programmed release of compatible plant species to
provide a competitive plant community to inhibit spread of non-compatible plant species
Mechanical Methods
Necessary in ‘reclamation’ situations Expensive Non-selective - all vegetation impacted Doesn’t change plant community - mowed brush
comes back as brush Habitat impacts
Herbicide - chemical that is used to control, suppress or kill non-compatible plants (weeds).
Chemical Methods
1. Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics
2. Setting Objectives3. Compiling Treatment Options4. Accounting for Economic and Environmental
Effects5. Implementation6. Adaptive Management and Monitoring
Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005)
Herbicides
Selective or non-selective products Application method can determine selectivity Can promote release of native plants through
selective (physiological, or application) approaches Less costly than other VM methods Usually provides longer control
Herbicide Disadvantages
Require application by certified personnel, require compliance with aspects of the Right to Know act.
They kill plants, and can cause problems with non-target plants via drift.– Weaken them, allowing for diseases and insects to gain
a foothold.
Herbicide Drift Can Weaken Trees and Make Them Susceptible to Borers and Disease
Borers– Flatheaded wood borers– Roundheaded wood borers– Clearwinged borers– Ambrosia beetles and other
bark beetles
Herbicide Drift Can Weaken Trees and Make Them Susceptible to Borers and Disease
Borers– Flatheaded wood borers– Roundheaded wood borers– Clearwinged borers– Ambrosia beetles and other
bark beetles
Emerald Ash Borer
Flatheaded borers– Emerald ash borer*
adult about ½ inch, dark metallic green
– Introduced from Asia, kills living ash trees, seems to be limited to ash as a host.
Shade Tree Insect Management
Emerald Ash Borer– Damage is first recognized
by dieback of upper third of tree, followed by full death, or abundance of suckering at base of tree.
– Beetle activity causes galleries, and girdling of tree.
Shade Tree Insect Management
Emerald Ash Borer:
– Two issues: EAB is spreading rapidly.
– Firewood quarantine is in place, but how well is it being enforced?
Shade Tree Insect Management
Round-headed borers– Asian Longhorned beetle
Arrived in US from packing material in Chinese imports (pallets)
Size 1-1 ¼ inches, with long antennae
Lay eggs in oval pits that the female creates. 1 generation per year
Larvae feed on inner bark, then move to heartwood.
Attacks healthy maples, poplars, willows etc. Prefer maples.
Shade Tree Insect Management
Ambrosia bark beetle– Biology:
Adults can be active year-round during warm periods, but most activity has been observed in spring.
They mate, lay eggs and rear young within the galleries excavated by the female. Prefer 2-30 cm diameter stems.
Shade Tree Insect Management
Ambrosia bark beetle– Biology:
All life stages can be found inside the galleries. Females can fly to other trees, males cannot fly.
Will feed on pecan, plum cherry persimmon, redbud sweet gum and others.
Several generations per year.
Shade Tree Insect Management
Ambrosia bark beetle– Damage
Adults and larvae bore into twigs, branches and small trunks of woody hosts. They excavate a system of tunnels, and begin culturing an ambrosia fungus for food.
Girdle infested wood, make toothpick-like spines of sawdust that protrude from host.
1. As they apply and assess their IVM programs, they are in a critical position to become first detectors for invasives!
IVM Practitioners can be first responders!
1. Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics
Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005)
Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics
– You need to know what is going to be involved with the plant community and note any ecologically sensitive conditions that need to be accounted for
Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005)
1. Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics
2. Setting Objectives
Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005)
Setting Objectives:– Be transparent with stakeholders
Explain need for keeping vegetation from contact with power line
– Objectives should be compatible with type of vegetation, location, plant ecosystem and population density of people.
Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005)
1. Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics
2. Setting Objectives
3. Compiling Treatment Options (building a play book)
Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005)
Compiling Treatment Options– Should reflect accurate assessment of plant
ecosystem and other objectives– Should include as many options as is
economically feasible, especially in ecologically sensitive areas
Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005)
1. Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics
2. Setting Objectives
3. Compiling Treatment Options
4. Accounting for Economic and Environmental Effects
Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005)
Accounting for Economic and Environmental Effects
– Should get from stakeholder buy-in as well as from research on regulations and needs of area.
Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005)
1. Assessing Species Composition and Ecosystem characteristics
2. Setting Objectives
3. Compiling Treatment Options
4. Accounting for Economic and Environmental Effects
5. Implementation
Implementing an IVM program (Nowak and Ballard, 2005)
Resources for Learning More………
Aboriculture and Urban Forestry online http://joa.isa-arbor.com/ Walvatne, Paul (ed.). 1996. How to Develop and Implement an
Integrated Roadside Vegetation Management Program. The National Roadside Vegetation Management Association, Newark, Delaware.
National Roadside Vegetation Management Association http://www.nrvma.org/ offers certification information affiliation with state associations.
Oklahoma Vegetation Management Association http://www.okvma.net/demo/ A great source for information, opportunities for professional development
Tom A. RoyerIPM Coordinator and Extension Entomologist
Oklahoma State University
IPM for Right-of-Way Vegetation Management
Oklahoma Vegetation Management Association Conference and Trade Show
Tom A. RoyerIPM Coordinator and Extension Entomologist
Oklahoma State University
IPM for Right-of-Way Vegetation Management