Mon

itorin

g w

ater

qua

lity

by p

assi

ve s

ampl

ing

and

GC

×GC

–TO

F M

S w

ith v

aria

ble-

ener

gy e

lect

ron

ioni

satio

nM

onito

ring

wat

er q

ualit

y by

pas

sive

sam

plin

g an

d G

C×G

C–T

OF

MS

with

var

iabl

e-en

ergy

ele

ctro

n io

nisa

tion

Mon

itorin

g w

ater

qua

lity

by p

assi

ve s

ampl

ing

and

GC

×GC

–TO

F M

S w

ith v

aria

ble-

ener

gy e

lect

ron

ioni

satio

nM

onito

ring

wat

er q

ualit

y by

pas

sive

sam

plin

g an

d G

C×G

C–T

OF

MS

with

var

iabl

e-en

ergy

ele

ctro

n io

nisa

tion

N. W

atso

n1, L

. McG

rego

r2, S

. Sm

ith2 ,

A. G

rave

ll3, P

. Kut

ty3 ,

I. A

llan4

, and

G.A

. Mill

s5N

. Wat

son1

, L. M

cGre

gor2

, S. S

mith

2 , A

. Gra

vell3

, P. K

utty

3 , I.

Alla

n4, a

nd G

.A. M

ills5

N. W

atso

n, L

. McG

rego

r, S

. Sm

ith, A

. Gra

vell

, P. K

utty

, I. A

llan

, and

G.A

. Mill

s1 M

arke

s In

tern

atio

nal I

nc.,

1112

6-D

Ken

woo

d R

oad,

Cin

cinn

ati,

Ohi

o 45

242,

US

A; 2

Mar

kes

Inte

rnat

iona

l, G

wau

nE

laiM

edi-S

cien

ce C

ampu

s, L

lant

risan

t, R

CT,

UK

; 3N

atio

nal R

esou

rces

Wal

es (N

RW

), Ll

anel

li, U

K; 4

Nor

weg

ian

Inst

itute

for W

ater

Res

earc

h (N

IVA

), 1 M

arke

s In

tern

atio

nal I

nc.,

1112

6-D

Ken

woo

d R

oad,

Cin

cinn

ati,

Ohi

o 45

242,

US

A; 2

Mar

kes

Inte

rnat

iona

l, G

wau

nE

laiM

edi-S

cien

ce C

ampu

s, L

lant

risan

t, R

CT,

UK

; 3N

atio

nal R

esou

rces

Wal

es (N

RW

), Ll

anel

li, U

K; 4

Nor

weg

ian

Inst

itute

for W

ater

Res

earc

h (N

IVA

), G

aust

adal

leen

21, O

slo,

Nor

way

; 5U

nive

rsity

of P

orts

mou

th, S

choo

l of P

harm

acy

and

Bio

med

ical

Sci

ence

s, P

orts

mou

th, U

K.

Gau

stad

alle

en21

, Osl

o, N

orw

ay; 5

Uni

vers

ity o

f Por

tsm

outh

, Sch

ool o

f Pha

rmac

y an

d B

iom

edic

al S

cien

ces,

Por

tsm

outh

, UK

.

Intr

oduc

tion

Ana

lysi

s of

bre

ast i

mpl

ants

Expe

rimen

tal

Pers

iste

nt o

rgan

ic p

ollu

tant

s (P

OPs

)In

trod

uctio

nA

naly

sis

of b

reas

t im

plan

tsEx

perim

enta

lPe

rsis

tent

org

anic

pol

luta

nts

(PO

Ps)

A nu

mbe

r of P

OP

s w

ere

dete

cted

in th

e Tw

o-di

men

sion

al g

as c

hrom

atog

raph

y w

ith ti

me-

of-fl

ight

mas

s sp

ectro

met

ry (G

C×G

C–T

OF

A B

ench

TOF-

Sel

ect™

tim

e-of

-flig

ht m

ass

spec

trom

eter

In

a s

econ

d st

udy,

sili

cone

bre

ast p

rost

hese

s ob

tain

ed fr

om p

atie

nts

over

a w

ide

age

rang

e A

num

ber o

f PO

Ps

wer

e de

tect

ed in

the

expl

ante

d br

east

pro

sthe

ses,

incl

udin

g nu

mer

ous

Two-

dim

ensi

onal

gas

chr

omat

ogra

phy

with

tim

e-of

-flig

ht m

ass

spec

trom

etry

(GC

×GC

–TO

F M

S) c

an p

rovi

de h

ighl

y se

nsiti

ve d

etec

tion

and

conf

iden

t mas

s sp

ectra

l ide

ntifi

catio

n of

A

Ben

chTO

F-S

elec

t™ ti

me-

of-fl

ight

mas

s sp

ectro

met

er

(Mar

kes

Inte

rnat

iona

l) w

as u

sed

for a

ll an

alys

es, i

n In

a s

econ

d st

udy,

sili

cone

bre

ast p

rost

hese

s ob

tain

ed fr

om p

atie

nts

over

a w

ide

age

rang

e w

ere

colle

cted

. Sili

cone

oils

in th

e pr

osth

esis

ext

ract

s w

ere

rem

oved

usi

ng th

e de

scrib

ed

expl

ante

d br

east

pro

sthe

ses,

incl

udin

g nu

mer

ous

PC

Bs

(Fig

ure

7), a

s w

ell a

s se

vera

l chl

orin

ated

Fi

gure

7:

MS

) can

pro

vide

hig

hly

sens

itive

det

ectio

n an

d co

nfid

ent m

ass

spec

tral i

dent

ifica

tion

of

pollu

tant

s w

ithin

com

plex

env

ironm

enta

l ext

ract

s. N

ever

thel

ess,

the

iden

tific

atio

n of

(M

arke

sIn

tern

atio

nal)

was

use

d fo

r all

anal

yses

, in

com

bina

tion

with

a G

C×G

C g

as c

hrom

atog

raph

(Agi

lent

w

ere

colle

cted

. Sili

cone

oils

in th

e pr

osth

esis

ext

ract

s w

ere

rem

oved

usi

ng th

e de

scrib

ed

mul

ti-st

ep e

xtra

ctio

n pr

oced

ure,

and

the

resu

ltant

ext

ract

s w

ere

anal

ysed

by

GC

×GC

–TO

F M

S

PC

Bs

(Fig

ure

7), a

s w

ell a

s se

vera

l chl

orin

ated

pe

stic

ides

, suc

h as

p,p

′-DD

E. A

n io

niza

tion

Figu

re 7

:G

C×G

C s

urfa

cepo

lluta

nts

with

in c

ompl

ex e

nviro

nmen

tal e

xtra

cts.

Nev

erth

eles

s, th

e id

entif

icat

ion

of

indi

vidu

al c

ompo

unds

may

be

hind

ered

by

wea

k m

olec

ular

ions

or w

hen

sim

ilar m

ass

com

bina

tion

with

a G

C×G

C g

as c

hrom

atog

raph

(Agi

lent

78

90 G

C w

ith Z

oex

ZX1

mod

ulat

or).

mul

ti-st

ep e

xtra

ctio

n pr

oced

ure,

and

the

resu

ltant

ext

ract

s w

ere

anal

ysed

by

GC

×GC

–TO

F M

S

with

Sel

ect-e

V.

pest

icid

es, s

uch

as p

,p′-D

DE.

An

ioni

zatio

nen

ergy

of 1

4 eV

ena

bled

gre

ater

sel

ectiv

ity fo

r

GC

×GC

sur

face

plot

sho

win

g a

rang

e of

PC

Bs

in a

n ex

plan

ted

brea

st

indi

vidu

al c

ompo

unds

may

be

hind

ered

by

wea

k m

olec

ular

ions

or w

hen

sim

ilar m

ass

spec

tral c

hara

cter

istic

s ar

e ev

iden

t acr

oss

entir

e ch

emic

al c

lass

es. S

elec

t-eV

ion

sour

ce

7890

GC

with

Zoe

x ZX

1 m

odul

ator

). w

ith S

elec

t-eV.

en

ergy

of 1

4 eV

ena

bled

gre

ater

sel

ectiv

ity fo

r su

ch c

ompo

unds

by

redu

cing

spe

ctra

l P

CB

s in

an

expl

ante

d br

east

pr

osth

esis

ext

ract

(sum

med

EIC

m/z

sp

ectra

l cha

ract

eris

tics

are

evid

ent a

cros

s en

tire

chem

ical

cla

sses

. Sel

ect-e

V io

n so

urce

te

chno

logy

aim

s to

com

bat t

his

prob

lem

by

allo

win

g bo

th h

ard

and

soft

elec

tron

ioni

zatio

n In

ject

ion:

PTV

inle

t spl

itles

s m

ode.

Inle

t tem

pera

ture

Th

e an

alys

ed e

xtra

cts

wer

e ex

trem

ely

com

plex

(Fig

ure

5), a

nd c

onta

ined

a ra

nge

of

such

com

poun

ds b

y re

duci

ng s

pect

ral

fragm

enta

tion

(Fig

ure

8).

pros

thes

is e

xtra

ct (s

umm

ed E

IC m

/z

[256

+ 2

92 +

326

+ 3

60 +

394

+ 4

30]).

te

chno

logy

aim

s to

com

bat t

his

prob

lem

by

allo

win

g bo

th h

ard

and

soft

elec

tron

ioni

zatio

n w

ith n

o in

here

nt lo

ss in

sen

sitiv

ity.

Inje

ctio

n: P

TV in

let s

plitl

ess

mod

e. In

let t

empe

ratu

re

250°

C (h

old

1.2

min

), 72

0°C

/min

to 3

00°C

.Th

e an

alys

ed e

xtra

cts

wer

e ex

trem

ely

com

plex

(Fig

ure

5), a

nd c

onta

ined

a ra

nge

of

com

poun

d ty

pes,

incl

udin

g ph

arm

aceu

tical

s, h

orm

ones

and

per

sist

ent o

rgan

ic p

ollu

tant

s (P

OPs

).fra

gmen

tatio

n (F

igur

e 8)

. [2

56 +

292

+ 3

26 +

360

+ 3

94 +

430

]).

with

no

inhe

rent

loss

in s

ensi

tivity

.25

0°C

(hol

d 1.

2 m

in),

720°

C/m

in to

300

°C.

com

poun

d ty

pes,

incl

udin

g ph

arm

aceu

tical

s, h

orm

ones

and

per

sist

ent o

rgan

ic p

ollu

tant

s (P

OPs

).

The

rout

ine

mon

itorin

g of

wat

er q

ualit

y is

now

a re

quire

men

t of e

nviro

nmen

tal l

egis

latio

n,

GC

×GC

:Col

umn

set:

BP

X5

(30

m ×

250

µm ×

0.25

µm

) 70

eV

70 e

VTh

e ro

utin

e m

onito

ring

of w

ater

qua

lity

is n

ow a

requ

irem

ent o

f env

ironm

enta

l leg

isla

tion,

su

ch a

s th

e E

U’s

Wat

er F

ram

ewor

k D

irect

ive.

Ofte

n th

e ca

use

of p

oor w

ater

qua

lity

is

GC

×GC

:Col

umn

set:

BP

X5

(30

m ×

250

µm ×

0.25

µm

) an

d B

PX

50 (3

m ×

100

µm ×

0.10

µm

). O

ven:

65°

C fo

r P

CB

sA

mga

rd T

CM

P (fl

ame

reta

rdan

t)70

eV

70 e

Vp,

p′-D

DE

such

as

the

EU

’s W

ater

Fra

mew

ork

Dire

ctiv

e. O

ften

the

caus

e of

poo

r wat

er q

ualit

y is

un

know

n, a

nd e

xten

sive

inve

stig

ativ

e m

onito

ring

is n

eede

d to

det

erm

ine

wha

t che

mic

al

and

BP

X50

(3 m

×10

0 µm

×0.

10 µ

m).

Ove

n: 6

5°C

for

2.0

min

, the

n 5°

C/m

in to

315

°C

(hol

d 5

min

). N

o Fi

gure

3:B

ench

TOF-

Sel

ect

PC

Bs

Pha

rmac

eutic

als

Am

gard

TC

MP

(flam

e re

tard

ant)

Oct

ocry

lene

(UV

filte

r)p,

p′-D

DE

PC

B 1

79un

know

n, a

nd e

xten

sive

inve

stig

ativ

e m

onito

ring

is n

eede

d to

det

erm

ine

wha

t che

mic

al

may

be

resp

onsi

ble.

In th

is s

tudy

, we

inve

stig

ate

the

para

llel b

etw

een

pass

ive

sam

plin

g

2.0

min

, the

n 5°

C/m

in to

315

°C

(hol

d 5

min

). N

o se

cond

ary

oven

offs

et. M

odul

atio

n tim

e: 4

s. H

ot-je

t Fi

gure

3:B

ench

TOF-

Sel

ect

with

GC

×GC

.P

harm

aceu

tical

s C

hlor

o-pe

stic

ides

Oct

ocry

lene

(UV

filte

r)Te

trabr

omob

enze

nem

ay b

e re

spon

sibl

e. In

this

stu

dy, w

e in

vest

igat

e th

e pa

ralle

l bet

wee

n pa

ssiv

e sa

mpl

ing

devi

ces

in ri

ver c

ours

es a

nd s

ilico

n pr

osth

eses

in th

e hu

man

bod

y fo

r the

con

cent

ratio

n of

seco

ndar

y ov

en o

ffset

. Mod

ulat

ion

time:

4 s

. Hot

-jet

puls

e: 3

50 m

s.C

hlor

o-pe

stic

ides

Tetra

brom

oben

zene

devi

ces

in ri

ver c

ours

es a

nd s

ilico

n pr

osth

eses

in th

e hu

man

bod

y fo

r the

con

cent

ratio

n of

en

viro

nmen

tal c

onta

min

ants

. Thi

s no

vel a

ppro

ach

aim

s to

bet

ter e

stim

ate

the

over

all b

ody

puls

e: 3

50 m

s.B

ench

TOF-

Sele

ct: 5

0 H

z; m

ass

rang

e: m

/z 4

0–50

0; io

n so

urce

: 250

°C; t

rans

fer l

ine:

300

°C.

envi

ronm

enta

l con

tam

inan

ts. T

his

nove

l app

roac

h ai

ms

to b

ette

r est

imat

e th

e ov

eral

l bod

y bu

rden

of b

io-a

ccum

ulat

ive

subs

tanc

es a

nd h

ow th

is c

hang

es o

ver t

ime

of e

xpos

ure.

Ben

chTO

F-Se

lect

: 50

Hz;

mas

s ra

nge:

m/z

40–

500;

ion

sour

ce: 2

50°C

; tra

nsfe

r lin

e: 3

00°C

.bu

rden

of b

io-a

ccum

ulat

ive

subs

tanc

es a

nd h

ow th

is c

hang

es o

ver t

ime

of e

xpos

ure.

This

pos

ter s

how

s th

e su

itabi

lity

of th

is a

naly

tical

pla

tform

for e

nviro

nmen

tal i

nves

tigat

ions

, A

naly

sis

of c

onta

min

ated

rive

r wat

er14

eV

14 e

VTh

is p

oste

r sho

ws

the

suita

bilit

y of

this

ana

lytic

al p

latfo

rm fo

r env

ironm

enta

l inv

estig

atio

ns,

usin

g bo

th ta

rget

-focu

sed

stud

ies

as w

ell a

s no

n-ta

rget

ed ro

utin

es fo

r scr

eeni

ng fo

r the

A

naly

sis

of c

onta

min

ated

rive

r wat

er14

eV

usin

g bo

th ta

rget

-focu

sed

stud

ies

as w

ell a

s no

n-ta

rget

ed ro

utin

es fo

r scr

eeni

ng fo

r the

pr

esen

ce o

f em

ergi

ng c

onta

min

ants

in tw

o co

mpl

ex m

atric

es.

pres

ence

of e

mer

ging

con

tam

inan

ts in

two

com

plex

mat

rices

.In

itial

stu

dies

focu

sed

on th

e an

alys

is o

f env

ironm

enta

l con

tam

inan

ts in

a U

K ri

ver u

sing

an

Initi

al s

tudi

es fo

cuse

d on

the

anal

ysis

of e

nviro

nmen

tal c

onta

min

ants

in a

UK

rive

r usi

ng a

n S

PM

D e

xtra

ct ru

n at

var

ious

ioni

zatio

n en

ergi

es. I

t was

dis

cove

red

that

, for

the

maj

ority

of

Sam

ple

prep

arat

ion

SP

MD

ext

ract

run

at v

ario

us io

niza

tion

ener

gies

. It w

as d

isco

vere

d th

at, f

or th

e m

ajor

ity o

f co

mpo

unds

, opt

imal

sen

sitiv

ity w

as a

chie

ved

at 1

2–14

eV.

In th

e ex

ampl

e sh

own

in F

igur

e Sa

mpl

e pr

epar

atio

nco

mpo

unds

, opt

imal

sen

sitiv

ity w

as a

chie

ved

at 1

2–14

eV.

In th

e ex

ampl

e sh

own

in F

igur

e 4,

the

mas

s sp

ectru

m fo

r gal

axol

ide

(a p

olyc

yclic

mus

k co

mm

only

foun

d in

cos

met

ics)

4,

the

mas

s sp

ectru

m fo

r gal

axol

ide

(a p

olyc

yclic

mus

k co

mm

only

foun

d in

cos

met

ics)

ch

ange

s si

gnifi

cant

ly w

ith io

niza

tion

ener

gy.

Figu

re 8

:Mas

s sp

ectra

for t

wo

PO

Ps,

acq

uire

d at

70

eV a

nd 1

4 eV

usi

ng S

elec

t-eV.

Pas

sive

sam

plin

g de

vice

s (e

.g.s

emi-p

erm

eabl

e m

embr

ane

chan

ges

sign

ifica

ntly

with

ioni

zatio

n en

ergy

. Fi

gure

8:M

ass

spec

tra fo

r tw

o P

OP

s, a

cqui

red

at 7

0 eV

and

14

eV u

sing

Sel

ect-e

V.P

assi

ve s

ampl

ing

devi

ces

(e.g

.sem

i-per

mea

ble

mem

bran

e de

vice

s (S

PM

Ds)

, LD

PE

and

sili

cone

rubb

er) a

re o

ften

used

for

Sel

ect-e

V p

rovi

des

enha

nced

mol

ecul

ar io

ns w

hils

t ret

aini

ng s

truct

ural

ly-s

igni

fican

t Th

e G

C×G

C p

lot o

f the

con

trol e

xtra

ct p

repa

red

usin

g de

vice

s (S

PM

Ds)

, LD

PE

and

sili

cone

rubb

er) a

re o

ften

used

for

mon

itorin

g w

ater

qua

lity.

The

sam

pler

s w

ere

depl

oyed

for

Sel

ect-e

V p

rovi

des

enha

nced

mol

ecul

ar io

ns w

hils

t ret

aini

ng s

truct

ural

ly-s

igni

fican

t fra

gmen

t ion

s, d

eliv

erin

g bo

th c

onfid

ent c

ompo

und

iden

tific

atio

n an

d in

crea

sed

sele

ctiv

ity.

The

GC

×GC

plo

t of t

he c

ontro

l ext

ract

pre

pare

d us

ing

a ne

w p

rost

hesi

s w

as s

urpr

isin

gly

com

plex

(Fig

ure

9),

mon

itorin

g w

ater

qua

lity.

The

sam

pler

s w

ere

depl

oyed

for

seve

ral w

eeks

in a

pol

lute

d riv

er c

ours

e in

the

UK

to e

ffect

ivel

y fra

gmen

t ion

s, d

eliv

erin

g bo

th c

onfid

ent c

ompo

und

iden

tific

atio

n an

d in

crea

sed

sele

ctiv

ity.

a ne

w p

rost

hesi

s w

as s

urpr

isin

gly

com

plex

(Fig

ure

9),

seve

ral w

eeks

in a

pol

lute

d riv

er c

ours

e in

the

UK

to e

ffect

ivel

y se

ques

ter l

arge

vol

umes

of w

ater

and

pro

vide

a c

once

ntra

ted,

co

ntai

ning

alip

hatic

com

poun

dsan

d nu

mer

ous

PAH

s se

ques

ter l

arge

vol

umes

of w

ater

and

pro

vide

a c

once

ntra

ted,

re

pres

enta

tive

extra

ct fo

r ana

lysi

s by

GC

×GC

–TO

F M

S.

Gal

axol

ide

Figu

re 5

:GC

×GC

–TO

F M

S c

onto

ur p

lot o

f an

expl

ante

d si

licon

bre

ast p

rost

hesi

s ex

tract

.co

ntai

ning

alip

hatic

com

poun

dsan

d nu

mer

ous

PAH

s (b

ut n

one

of th

e P

OP

s or

pha

rmac

eutic

als

dete

cted

vs

.re

pres

enta

tive

extra

ct fo

r ana

lysi

s by

GC

×GC

–TO

F M

S.

Pas

sive

sam

pler

s en

able

min

imal

sam

ple

prep

arat

ion,

this

70

eV

Figu

re 4

:GC

×GC

–TO

F G

alax

olid

eFi

gure

5:G

C×G

C–T

OF

MS

con

tour

plo

t of a

n ex

plan

ted

silic

on b

reas

t pro

sthe

sis

extra

ct.

(but

non

e of

the

PO

Ps

or p

harm

aceu

tical

s de

tect

ed

earli

er).

A po

ssib

le e

xpla

natio

n fo

r thi

s is

that

the

vs.

Pas

sive

sam

pler

s en

able

min

imal

sam

ple

prep

arat

ion,

this

m

inim

isin

g th

e lo

ss o

f pos

sibl

e co

mpo

unds

of i

nter

est.

Full

70 e

VFi

gure

4:G

C×G

C–T

OF

MS

con

tour

plo

t of a

ea

rlier

). A

poss

ible

exp

lana

tion

for t

his

is th

at th

e pr

osth

esis

is s

ampl

ing

chem

ical

s fro

m th

e ai

r, m

inim

isin

g th

e lo

ss o

f pos

sibl

e co

mpo

unds

of i

nter

est.

Full

expe

rimen

tal d

etai

ls fo

r the

col

lect

ion

and

prep

arat

ion

of w

ater

riv

er e

xtra

ct (l

eft)

and

the

trans

ition

in m

ass

Phar

mac

eutic

als

pros

thes

is is

sam

plin

g ch

emic

als

from

the

air,

indi

catin

g th

at s

tora

ge c

ondi

tions

sho

uld

be ri

goro

usly

expe

rimen

tal d

etai

ls fo

r the

col

lect

ion

and

prep

arat

ion

of w

ater

sa

mpl

es h

ave

prev

ious

ly b

een

repo

rted.

1th

e tra

nsiti

on in

mas

s sp

ectra

l fra

gmen

tatio

n

Phar

mac

eutic

als

Lido

cain

e (a

com

mon

pai

nkill

er) a

nd P

ropo

fol(

an a

nalg

esic

) wer

e de

tect

ed in

one

of t

he

indi

catin

g th

at s

tora

ge c

ondi

tions

sho

uld

be ri

goro

usly

cont

rolle

d in

futu

re s

tudi

es.

Figu

re 9

:GC

×GC

–TO

F M

S c

onto

ur

sam

ples

hav

e pr

evio

usly

bee

n re

porte

d.1

spec

tral f

ragm

enta

tion

patte

rn w

ith io

niza

tion

Lido

cain

e (a

com

mon

pai

nkill

er) a

nd P

ropo

fol(

an a

nalg

esic

) wer

e de

tect

ed in

one

of t

he

cont

rolle

d in

futu

re s

tudi

es.

Figu

re 9

:GC

×GC

–TO

F M

S c

onto

ur

plot

of a

new

pro

sthe

sis

extra

ct.

Thre

e re

mov

ed im

plan

t sam

ples

(as

wel

l as

a ne

w p

rost

hesi

spa

ttern

with

ioni

zatio

n en

ergy

(rig

ht).

pros

thes

is e

xtra

cts.

Sel

ect-e

Vio

niza

tion

(14

eV) i

mpr

oved

the

abso

lute

abu

ndan

ce o

f the

pl

ot o

f a n

ew p

rost

hesi

s ex

tract

.

Con

clus

ions

Thre

e re

mov

ed im

plan

t sam

ples

(as

wel

l as

a ne

w p

rost

hesi

sas

the

cont

rol b

lank

) wer

e ex

tract

ed th

roug

h M

eOH

–wat

er

14 e

V

ener

gy (r

ight

). pr

osth

esis

ext

ract

s. S

elec

t-eV

ioni

zatio

n (1

4 eV

) im

prov

ed th

e ab

solu

te a

bund

ance

of t

he

mol

ecul

ar io

n in

bot

h ca

ses,

lead

ing

to im

prov

ed li

mits

of d

etec

tion

(Fig

ure

6).

Con

clus

ions

as th

e co

ntro

l bla

nk) w

ere

extra

cted

thro

ugh

MeO

H–w

ater

(8

0:20

v/v

;300

–400

mL)

into

cyc

lohe

xane

in 2

L b

eake

rs

14 e

Vm

olec

ular

ion

in b

oth

case

s, le

adin

g to

impr

oved

lim

its o

f det

ectio

n (F

igur

e 6)

. C

oncl

usio

ns(8

0:20

v/v

;300

–400

mL)

into

cyc

lohe

xane

in 2

L b

eake

rs

(Fig

ure

2). E

xtra

ctio

n us

ing

200–

300

mL

cycl

ohex

ane

was

P

ropo

fol

Figu

re 1

:Sem

i-per

mea

ble

(Fig

ure

2). E

xtra

ctio

n us

ing

200–

300

mL

cycl

ohex

ane

was

re

peat

ed tw

ice

over

the

cour

se o

f a w

eek.

The

cyc

lohe

xane

Li

doca

ine

70 e

VP

ropo

fol

70 e

VW

e ha

ve s

how

n in

this

pos

ter t

hat G

C×G

C–T

OF

MS

is a

n id

eal c

hoic

e fo

r the

ana

lysi

s of

Fi

gure

1:S

emi-p

erm

eabl

e m

embr

ane

devi

ce (S

PM

D,

repe

ated

twic

e ov

er th

e co

urse

of a

wee

k. T

he c

yclo

hexa

ne

phas

es w

ere

then

com

bine

d an

d

Lido

cain

e70

eV

M+·

= 26

,177

70 e

VW

e ha

ve s

how

n in

this

pos

ter t

hat G

C×G

C–T

OF

MS

is a

n id

eal c

hoic

e fo

r the

ana

lysi

s of

co

mpl

ex e

xtra

cts

from

bre

ast i

mpl

ants

, and

that

Sel

ect-e

V g

reat

ly im

prov

es s

cree

ning

m

embr

ane

devi

ce (S

PM

D,

top)

and

exp

lant

ed s

ilico

n ph

ases

wer

e th

en c

ombi

ned

and

redu

ced

to 2

mL

and

spik

ed w

ithM

+·=

26,1

77co

unts

co

mpl

ex e

xtra

cts

from

bre

ast i

mpl

ants

, and

that

Sel

ect-e

V g

reat

ly im

prov

es s

cree

ning

ca

pabi

litie

s, b

y si

mpl

ifyin

g ta

rget

ed s

pect

ra a

nd in

crea

sing

bot

h se

nsiti

vity

and

sel

ectiv

ity.

top)

and

exp

lant

ed s

ilico

n br

east

pro

sthe

sis

(bot

tom

).re

duce

d to

2 m

Lan

d sp

iked

with

coun

ts

capa

bilit

ies,

by

sim

plify

ing

targ

eted

spe

ctra

and

incr

easi

ng b

oth

sens

itivi

ty a

nd s

elec

tivity

.an

inte

rnal

sta

ndar

d m

ix (1

00 n

g12

eV

In a

dditi

on, w

e ha

ve id

entif

ied

this

app

roac

h as

a s

tep

tow

ards

ach

ievi

ng b

ette

r und

erst

andi

ngan

inte

rnal

sta

ndar

d m

ix (1

00 n

gof

CB

-30,

CB

-53

and

CB

-204

).12

eV

In a

dditi

on, w

e ha

ve id

entif

ied

this

app

roac

h as

a s

tep

tow

ards

ach

ievi

ng b

ette

r und

erst

andi

ngof

the

over

all b

ody

burd

en o

f bio

-acc

umul

ativ

e su

bsta

nces

, and

how

this

cha

nges

with

tim

e.of

CB

-30,

CB

-53

and

CB

-204

).C

yclo

hexa

neFo

r thi

s st

udy,

a 0

.5 m

L al

iquo

t was

exc

hang

ed to

met

hano

l 14

eV

of th

e ov

eral

l bod

y bu

rden

of b

io-a

ccum

ulat

ive

subs

tanc

es, a

nd h

ow th

is c

hang

es w

ith ti

me.

Futu

re s

tudi

es w

ill fo

cus

on q

uant

itativ

e ex

tract

ion

of ta

rget

s fro

m th

e im

plan

t sam

ples

, M

eOH

–wat

erC

yclo

hexa

neFo

r thi

s st

udy,

a 0

.5 m

L al

iquo

t was

exc

hang

ed to

met

hano

l an

d di

lute

d w

ith w

ater

. Com

poun

ds w

ere

then

pic

ked-

up

14 e

V14

eV

Futu

re s

tudi

es w

ill fo

cus

on q

uant

itativ

e ex

tract

ion

of ta

rget

s fro

m th

e im

plan

t sam

ples

, to

bet

ter g

auge

thei

r hea

lth im

pact

s an

d al

low

leve

ls in

the

body

and

env

ironm

enta

l M

eOH

–wat

eran

d di

lute

d w

ith w

ater

. Com

poun

ds w

ere

then

pic

ked-

up

with

cle

an s

ilico

ne ru

bber

(Alte

Sil,

2–4

g).

The

silic

one

M+·

= 71

,206

coun

ts

14 e

Vto

bet

ter g

auge

thei

r hea

lth im

pact

s an

d al

low

leve

ls in

the

body

and

env

ironm

enta

l m

atric

es (e

.g.d

rinki

ng w

ater

) to

be c

ompa

red.

Pro

sthe

sis

with

cle

an s

ilico

ne ru

bber

(Alte

Sil,

2–4

g).

The

silic

one

coun

ts

mat

rices

(e.g

.drin

king

wat

er) t

o be

com

pare

d.P

rost

hesi

sw

ith c

lean

sili

cone

rubb

er (A

lteS

il, 2

–4 g

). Th

e si

licon

e ru

bber

was

then

ext

ract

ed w

ith c

yclo

hexa

ne a

nd re

duce

d.10

eV

rubb

er w

as th

en e

xtra

cted

with

cyc

lohe

xane

and

redu

ced.

Ack

now

ledg

emen

tFi

gure

2:E

xtra

ctio

n of

1

A. G

rave

ll et

al.,

GC

×GC

–TO

F M

S c

ompl

emen

ts p

assi

ve s

ampl

ing

Ack

now

ledg

emen

tFi

gure

2:E

xtra

ctio

n of

co

mpo

unds

of i

nter

est f

rom

a

1A

. Gra

vell

et a

l., G

C×G

C–T

OF

MS

com

plem

ents

pas

sive

sam

plin

g fo

r the

scr

eeni

ng o

f pol

luta

nts

in w

ater

, LC

GC

: Cur

rent

Tre

nds

in

Figu

re 6

:Mas

s sp

ectra

for t

wo

phar

mac

eutic

als,

acq

uire

d at

70

eV a

nd 1

4 eV

usi

ng S

elec

t-eV.

The

auth

ors

kind

ly a

ckno

wle

dge

the

wor

k of

pla

stic

sur

geon

Hel

ge E

. Roa

ld (C

olos

seum

silic

on b

reas

t pro

sthe

sis.

for t

he s

cree

ning

of p

ollu

tant

s in

wat

er, L

CG

C: C

urre

nt T

rend

s in

M

ass

Spe

ctro

met

ry, M

arch

201

3, p

p. 8

–14.

Figu

re 6

:Mas

s sp

ectra

for t

wo

phar

mac

eutic

als,

acq

uire

d at

70

eV a

nd 1

4 eV

usi

ng S

elec

t-eV.

The

auth

ors

kind

ly a

ckno

wle

dge

the

wor

k of

pla

stic

sur

geon

Hel

ge E

. Roa

ld (C

olos

seum

Clin

ic, O

slo,

Nor

way

) for

pro

vidi

ng th

e pr

osth

eses

use

d in

this

stu

dy.

Mas

s S

pect

rom

etry

, Mar

ch 2

013,

pp.

8–1

4.C

linic

, Osl

o, N

orw

ay) f

or p

rovi

ding

the

pros

thes

es u

sed

in th

is s

tudy

.

Mar

kes

Inte

rnat

iona

lM

arke

sIn

tern

atio

nal

Mar

kes

Inte

rnat

iona

lT:

866

-483

-568

4 (to

ll-fre

e) F

: 513

-745

-074

1 E

:enq

uirie

s@m

arke

s.co

m W

:ww

w.m

arke

s.co

mT:

866

-483

-568

4 (to

ll-fre

e) F

: 513

-745

-074

1 E

:enq

uirie

s@m

arke

s.co

m W

:ww

w.m

arke

s.co

mT:

866

-483

-568

4 (to

ll-fre

e) F

: 513

-745

-074

1 E

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uirie

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arke

s.co

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arke

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