In www.learn-english-today.com/phrasal-verbs/phrasal-verb-list.htmwww.englishclub.com/esl-exams/ets-toefl-practice-writing.htmreachingthethirties.wordpress.com/2011/02/24/toefl-writing-template/https://www.notefull.com/content.php?pgID=294&PHPSESSID=4f7696e922e0aafad570ed690519ffe0www.examword.com/toefl/practice.aspx?co=tl#.U5gpu3KSwegdxschool.blogspot.com/2013/10/toefl-free-online-tests.htmlhttp://hoaichungonline.blogspot.com/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TU5HqUQZHpYhttp://www.eng1on1.com/ibt.php?test=3http://www.findscore.com/toefl.htmlhttp://www.toeflresources.com/index.php?id=sample-toefl-essayshttp://www.toeflresources.com/index.php?id=reading-sectionhttp://www.toeflresources.com/index.php?id=listening-section

INDEPENDENT ESSAYIntroductory paragraph:1. Mankind has paid great attention to A / There has existed endless controversy over AExample: -whether children should do morning exercise or not has greatly attracted much social concern.-The way to work efficiently has always been a hotly-debated issue.2. TemplateWhether ... or ... has attracted much social concern. Some people prefer to .. However, as far as I am concerned, main point. I feel this way for two main reasons:

First and foremost, what I put in my priority is ......It is obvious that..... beneficial . More importantly, .... Beyond and large, As you can see, ..... to be certain to do stIn the second place, what deserves my great attention is.....It is widely known that..... beneficial . More crucially,..... Indeed, This experience taught me that ........ To create a golden chance for sb to do stLast but not least, ......is noteworthy. It is clearly seen that...... beneficial . More notably, ..... Without doubt, ...... It is beneficial for sb to do stTo begin with, . -> Another reason is that ..To sum it up, I feel that....This is because ...., and ..... / Not only A,B but also C are + convincing+ reasons / methods for my opinion / By V-ing, V-ing, Ving, S+ Adv+VFor these reasons explored above, I strongly recommend that .... S ( ch ng phan mo bai) + should + consider my analysis/ discussion + to adopt proper guidelines/ policies on st/ to do st

Question One: Independent Speaking1, A good answer to the independent speaking question might follow this template... I feel that..... // I believe that.... // In my opinion... I feel this way for two reasons... First of all... // First... Secondly... // Moreover... To sum it up... // And that's why I feel that.... // And that's why I believe that...Question Two: Independent Speaking Preference Question2, A good answer to the second independent speaking question (preference) might follow this template... I prefer to... // I prefer that... // I prefer X over Y // I'm partial to... I feel this way for two reasons... First of all... // First Secondly... // Moreover... To sum it up... // And that's why I prefer X over YQuestion Three: Integrated Reading/Listening/Speaking3, A good answer to the first integrated speaking question might follow this template... The reading is about... // The reading concerns... It says that... // It states that... // It explains that... The man disagrees with the proposal (or announcement, or memo, etc) // The man agrees with the proposal He disagrees for two reasons // He agrees for two reasons First... // First of all... Secondly... // Moreover...Question Four: Integrated Reading/Listening/Speaking4, A good answer to the second integrated speaking question might follow this template... The main idea of the reading is... // The reading is mainly concerned with... The author says that... The lecturer further develops the ideas in the reading by giving several examples // The lecturer challenges the ideas of the lecture by giving several examples... First, he says that... Second, he says that...(sometimes there is only one example, so you'll just speak about the first one at greater length)Question Five: Integrated Listening/Speaking5, A good answer to the first integrated listening/speaking question might follow this template... The man's (or woman's) problem is... He explains that... The man's friend offers several suggestions... First, he suggests... He also suggests... The man's response to these suggestions is... In my opinion, the man should...Question Six: Integrated Listening/Speaking6, The final speaking question doesn't really lend itself to the use of a template, but you might want to try something like this: The lecturer explains ________________. He explains this by giving several examples // He explains this by offering several ideas... First, he states that... // First he claims that... Second, he states that... // Second he claims that...

1)Example Basic AnswerIn my view, passion is the most important characteristic in a teacher for two important reasons.First, a teachers passion motivates students.For example, when I was in High School, our teachers were really motivated. And, that motivated us.Second, a teachers passion motivates the teacher.For example, in university, I had a passionate chemistry teacher. He loved chemistry so much that he taught really well.Thats why passion is the most important characteristic.This response is about 75 words and would earn a fair score: 18/30.

Example Perfect AnswerIn my view, passion is the most important characteristic in a teacher for two important reasons.First, a teachers passion motivates students.For example, when I was in High School, we read The Great Gatsby. I hated it. But my English teacher was really passionate whenever we talked about it, which motivated me to look at the book more closely.Second, a teachers passion motivates the teacher.For example, my chemistry teacher in university was really passionate about his subject. I could tell he spent a lot of time preparing his lectures because he really wanted us to learn, so he always had great lectures.Thats why I believe that passion is the most important characteristic.This response has 115 words and would earn a good score: 30/30.

2)Example Perfect AnswerIn my view, a friend who is similar is better.First, you get along well with such people.For example, one of my high school friends is very similar to me. We both like a lot of the same things: movies, eating out, etc. So, whenever were bored thats what we do. We dont argue about it.Second, you can still experience new things with them.For example, Tim is similar to me, and we agree on a lot of things, but not on everything. We have similar taste, but sometimes hell suggest a restaurant I wouldnt normally eat at. Like this Thai restaurant we tried last week.Thats why a friend who is similar is better.Word count: 117. This would earn a score of (30/30)

3)Additional Science Course RequirementAs part of the universitys efforts to ensure that undergraduates receive a well-rounded and complete education(the first reason), all incoming students and current freshman will need to complete one new science course requirement in order to graduate(the change). Affected students can find out what courses fulfill this requirement by checking any campus bulletin board or by speaking with their advisors. The administration feels that the change will also benefit students by increasing the number who will choose a career in science or engineering. This will help create a more diverse student body(the second reason), which is currently composed largely of history and English majors.

also, furthermore, in addition, moreover, second, another reason, and so on.

Example NotesManWoman

bad decisionalready plenty, likes it, learn variety of subjects, but with new req. = too manyno time graduatereally want increase diversity, accept more int. students not science majorsyou're not affectedtrue, a lotdiversity?good point

Example Perfect AnswerThe announcement states that the university will add a new science course requirement and gives two reasons for the change.The mans opinion is that it is a bad decision and he opposes each reason.First, he explains thatthis new requirement is unnecessary. The university already has plenty of requirements. He likes the fact that students are required to take a variety of courses. In fact, thats why he says he went to this university, but he thinks this addition is too much. He feels that students wont have time for their major.Second, he states thatthe new class will not add diversity. If the university really wants to add diversity, it should accept more international students. He adds that it should not add a new science course requirement to increase the number of science majors for diversity.Thats why the man feels that its a bad decision.This response has150 wordsand would earn a perfect score:(30/30)

4)SustainabilityMost economic systems work to maximize the use of limited resources, often without great attention to the harmful effects such use may have. Sustainability relates to the management of resources to limit the negative impact placed on the environment (our defining sentence). Sustainable practices aim to achieve the best balance possible between the use of resources and their maintenance for future generations. With these practices, businesses attempt to attain the greatest amount of profit possible by exploiting resources while managing them in a way that will allow both the business to continue well into the future and future generations to enjoy the same resources.

LectureLet me tell you about an organization doing big things in the field of sustainability. Printing, like most other businesses, exploits limited resources such as paper and employs certain substances that can damage the environment such as ink, glues, and so on. If every printing company just went about their business without any regard for what impact they were making, the industry wouldnt last for very much longer.A local printing company, however, has taken a different approach. This local printing company is so unique not because it doesnt use such material in its work, but because of the way it does so.Rather than purchase paper from any company, it first attempts to purchase recycled paper whenever possible. If a client demands clean, un-recycled paper, the company buys it only from companies that themselves use sustainable practices, such as planting a tree for each one removed in the process of making paper.Also, the ink used by most printing companies releases harmful chemicals into the environment, chemicals that add to air pollution. This company reduces its environmental footprint by taking advantage of vegetable oil based inks that release almost no toxic substances into the air and that are themselves made from sustainable companies.The glue used to attach papers to produce books isnt itself as bad as the effect it has on the recycling process. This glue tends to damage the machines responsible for changing old, useless paper into usable, recycled paper. To limit this negative effect, this printing company employs glue in only limited circumstances.

Example Perfect NotesPrinting damages envir.Industry not last foreverUnique printing companyUses recycled paperBuys paper from sustainable companiesPlants tree for each tree usedInks toxic cause air pollutionUses non-toxic inkGlue damages recycling machinesLimits glue use

Fair Answer(step 1) The article discusses sustainability,(step 2) which the passage defines as the use of limited resources to reduce the negative effects on the environment.(step 3) The lecture provides an example of a printing company to illustrate this.(step 4) The professor explains that a unique printing company that cares about the environment uses recycled paper whenever it can. And, when it cant, it buys paper from companies that use sustainable practices. We also learn that it uses non-toxic inks made from vegetable oil. Furthermore, she explains that glue can damage recycling machines, so the printing company limits its use of harmful glue.(step 5) And so, this example clearly illustrates sustainability.This response has105 wordsand would earn a good score:(24/30)

Perfect Answer(step 1) The article discusses sustainability,(step 2) which the passage defines as the use of limited resources to reduce negative effects on the environment.(step 3) The lecture provides an example of a printing company to illustrate this.(step 4) The professor explains that most printing companies dont care about the negative effects their practices have on the environment. She describes a unique printing company that does care.It manages limited resources to reduce its negative impact.For example, this company uses recycled paper. When it cant, it buys paper from companies that use sustainable practices, such as planting a tree for each tree used to make paper. Most companies use toxic inks that add air pollution. In contrast, this company uses non-toxic inks that dont. Finally, glue can damage recycling machines, so the printing company limits its use of harmful glue.(step 5) And so, this companyclearly illustrates sustainability.This response has143 wordsand would earn a perfect score:(30/30)

5)

Example NotesMan Woman

ProblemSolution 1Response (+/-)Solution 2Response (+/-)Apply for schlrshps, with your grades easyUse extra money, rent, food, booksAttnd diff school w/ more fin. aidAccptd top-choice school. Not enough financial aidFnls coming up, not enough timeAccptd to other good schoolsBest teachers at top choice

Example Perfect Answer(step 1)The womans problem is thatshe has been accepted to her top-choice school, but it didnt offer her enough financial aid, so she doesnt know what to do.(step 2)The students discuss two solutions.(step 3)First, apply for scholarships to pay for her university.(step 4)Second, attend a different school that will offer her more financial aid.(step 5)If I were thewoman, I would choose the second solution.(step 6)The first isnt very good because even thoughshe has the grades for the scholarshipsas thewomansaid, she doesnt have the time to apply them because of her finals.(step 7)The second solution is beter because even thoughthe other universities may not have the best professors in her fieldas thewomansaid, she has been accepted to other good universities that offered her enough financial aid,so this way she can avoid the stress of finding more money.(step 8)That's why I would choose the second solution.This response has155 wordsand would earn a perfect score:(30/30)

6)ListeningIn nature, warm-blooded animals such as mammals and birds need to keep their internal temperatures within a certain range. For most mammals this range is from about 36 to 38 degrees Celsius. Thermoregulation is responsible for maintaining this internal temperature regardless of whether the surrounding environment is much colder or warmer. Today well discuss two important forms of thermoregulation that animals use to keep their internal body temperatures constant.One form results from the insulating power of fat. When the temperature of the environment is colder than the animals internal temperature, the animal must counteract heat loss; that is, internal heat lost to the external environment. Most animals help prevent this heat loss by having a layer of fat present underneath the skin. This layer of fat prevents too much heat from escaping into the environment, helping to maintain the animals internal body temperature. For example, marine mammals such as whales have a very thick layer of insulation fat called blubber, just under the skin. This blubber insulation is so effective that these marine mammals maintain body core temperatures of about 36-38 degrees Celsius even when surrounded by much colder waters.Another form of thermoregulation is evaporative cooling. When the external temperature is higher than the animals desired internal temperature, the animal uses this form of thermoregulation to battle against too much heat gain from its surrounding environment. They prevent overheating through the use evaporative cooling. You see, when water evaporates from a surface, the surface is cooled. For example, rodents need to keep an internal body temperature close to 40 degrees Celsius. And, at times, their surrounding environment can reach temperatures of up to 50 degrees. When this happens, Rodents will begin licking themselves and spreading their saliva across their bodies. As the saliva evaporates, the rodents are cooled, helping to keep their internal body temperatures constant.Example Perfect NotesTopic: mammals internal temp 36-38thermoregulation maintains1st subtopic: insulating power of fatexplanation: envir. coldercounteracts heat lossexample: whalefat=blubber under skinkeeps warm when in cold2nd subtopic: evaporative cooling,explanation: envir. hotterwater evaporates => coolsexample: rodents want 40outside 50spread salivaevap => cools

For example, I see xyz in my notes. I know its important. I cant explain it. What do I do? Simply say: the professor also mentions xyz.

Good Answer(step 1) The professor discusses thermoregulation, which she defines as a method used by animals to keep their internal body temperatures constant.(step 2) She describes two kinds.(step 3) The first is the insulating power of fat.(step 4) The professor discussed whales to illustrate this. Whales have insulating fat called blubber under their skin. This blubber helps keep the whales warm when the surrounding water is much colder.(step 5) The second is evaporative cooling.(step 6) The professor discussed rodents to illustrate this. Rodents want to keep their temperature at 40 degrees. When the outside temperature is 50 degrees, they spread their saliva across their bodies. When the saliva evaporates, the evaporation cools their bodies.(step 7) And that's how the professor describes thermoregulation.This response has115 wordsand would earn a good score:(26/30)

Perfect Answer(step 1) The professor discusses thermoregulation, which she defines as the process that animals use to keep their internal temperature constant.(step 2) She explains two types.(step 3) The first is the insulating power of fat. An animal uses this to counteract heat loss.(step 4) The professor discussed whales to illustrate this. Whales have insulating fat called blubber under their skin. When the surrounding water is much colder, this blubber helps keep the whales warm.(step 5) The second is evaporative cooling. An animal uses this to avoid absorbing too much heat. The professor explains that when water evaporates, it cools the surface.(step 6) She discussed rodents to illustrate this. Rodents want an internal temperature of 40 degrees, and their environment can reach 50 degrees. To keep cool, rodents spread saliva across their bodies. As the saliva evaporates, it cools the rodents, which helps keep their internal temperatures constant.(step 7)And that's how the professor describesthermoregulation.This response has154 wordsand would earn a good score:(30/30)

Time is running out and the student doesn't have enough time to finish the second example. What do we do? Let's first go back in time ane hear the original lecture's discussion on the 2nd topic. Here's what we hear.Today we're going to talk about investing. This is when you put money into a stock to make more money. For example, my friend John went to the bank and received a loan for 20,000. He then went to a stock broker. They spoke for hours and decided on the best stock for John to invest in. He invested his 20,000 into a stock called ABC and made 30,000 within a week.Student: The second type is investing, which is defined as putting money into a stock to make more money.The student then checks the timer. Oh no! 10 seconds left. Better hurry up and get to the important point. This is what we hear.(10 seconds left) Student: Uh . . . The professor talks about his friend John. He (stress building) . . . uh, went to the bank and . . . BUZZ! (timer goes off and the student sighs)Now, I want to ask you, yes you, the person reading, my student: what should the student have said? Clearly, this is not the most important information. When time is running out, get to the point that illustrates the explanation of the subtopic. What's that? Let's review. Here's the description of the subtopic:when you put money into a stock to make more money.One sentence illustrates this perfectly from the example. Everything else is just extra details.He invested his 20,000 into a stock called ABC and made 30,000 within a week.When you're running out of time, get to the point and that's it. What happens if you don't know what the key sentence is? You need to study and review more: do more homework, listen more carefully, review this step 2 to 3 more times, and then you'll be able to find it more easily. Below is what our student should have said.(a confident well trained TOEFL-test-taking machine with 10 seconds left) Student: Uh. . . John. . . invested his 20,000 into a stock called ABC and made 30,000 within a week.