today’s warm-up
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Today’s Warm-Up. Pick up the reading packet by the turn-in tray and flip to the map on the last page. We’ll be referring to this map throughout class notes today . Today’s LEQ: How and why has the Middle East evolved through time?. Conflicts in the Middle East. Introduction…. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Today’s Warm-Up
Pick up the reading packet by the turn-in tray and flip to the map on the last page.
We’ll be referring to this map throughout class notes today
Introduction…
Over the last few decades major conflicts have erupted in the Middle East
Some general regional issues have contributed to these conflicts: The presence of huge oil reserves Growth of Islamism Conflict between Israel and its neighbors
Oil in the Middle East
2/3 of the world’s known oil reserves are located here and have provided a great source of wealth
Most of the regions oil-rich countries belong to OPEC – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC regulates the production of oil
exports to maximize revenues
Oil in the Middle East
Oil wealth has allowed for economic development but is also the source of conflict Some governments have used oil
revenues to build up their military, maintain power, and threaten their neighbors
Led outside nations to become involved
Growth of Islamism
Islamism = a movement to reorder government and society according to Islamic laws Islamists believe Muslim countries strayed
away from the path of true Islam Anti-Western
This has led to conflicts within society and government
Extremists have used violence to bring about the changes they want
Conflicts with Israel
Since Israel was established in 1948, most Middle Eastern countries refused to recognize its right to exist
A series of wars between Israel and its neighbors led to the expansion of Israel
Refer to map on page 557
Six-Day War
In 1967, Egypt demanded that U.N. troops leave Gaza and the Sinai Peninsula
Expecting a large-scale Arab attack, Israel struck first Israel launched air strikes against
Egypt, Syria, and Jordan, destroying most of their airplanes on the ground
Results of the Six-Day War
Israel quickly defeated Arab forces and took control of the Golan Heights, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, and East Jerusalem
Yom Kippur War
Determined to win back their territory, Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack against Israel in 1973 At first, Arab troops made gains in the war – Israel unprepared
With U.S. support, Israeli forces regrouped and pushed back the Egyptian and Syrian armies
Results of the Yom Kippur War
After weeks of fighting, both sides agreed to a cease-fire
During the war, Arab members of OPEC declared an oil embargo (refusal to sell oil) on countries supporting Israel – including the U.S.
What do you think happened as a result?
A Peace Agreement
Egypt and Israel make peace in 1978 in an agreement known as the Camp David Accords
Egypt recognized Israel, and Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt
The treaty ended 30 years of hostility between Egypt and Israel
The Conflict Remains Unresolved
Despite the many years of war in the Middle East, the Arab-Israeli conflict remains unresolved
Each war, regardless of which side initiated it, has ended in the status-quo – Israel is still a sovereign and powerful state and tension still exists
Ultimately, neither move was decisive enough to bring about an end to the larger Arab-Israeli conflict
Palestinian Unrest
As Egypt and Israel made peace, Palestinian Arabs continued their struggle for nationhood
Extremists on both sides have worked hard to undermine the peace process
Where are we today?