Today’s Plan: 8/3/10

• Finish Contract writing, read rubric, update K/NTK (20-30 mins)

• Portfolio Creation and Quiz issues (30-40 mins)

• Atomic Modeling (if time)

Today’s Plan: 8/4/10• Bellwork: Answer the following (5 mins):

– What is the center of the atom called? What’s in the center of the atom?

– The electron cloud is made up of shells, how many electrons can the 1st shell hold?

– What does atomic number and atomic mass tell you?

• Go answers (10 mins)• Atomic modeling activity(30 mins)• Basic Chemistry workshops (the rest of class)

– Workshop 1: Determining atomic structure– Workshop 2: Forms that atoms take and determining

valence

• Pack/Wrap-up (last few mins)

Today’s Plan: 8/5/10

• Bellwork: Answer the following:– Define Valence

– On your notes sheet, draw the atoms listed if you haven't already

– Determine the valence of each atom

– What is the significance of valence?– If you have, work on the drill sheet-this is just for

practice/study

• Carbon Modeling (20-30 mins)• Group time and Workshop (the rest of class)• Pack/Wrap-up (last few mins of class)

Today’s Plan: 8/6/10

• Bellwork: Read Trans-fat article and answer questions (20 mins)

• Go over questions and indicators (10 mins)

• Biochemical Testing Lab (40 mins)

• Have vocab ready to be checked today!

• Pack/Wrap-up (last few mins of class)

Today’s Plan: 8/9/10

• Bellwork: HFCS Podcast and questions(20 mins)

• Go over K/NTK again (5 mins)

• Finish yesterday’s Lab (20 mins)

• Enzyme workshop (20 mins during group time)

• Pack/Wrap-up (last few mins of class)

Today’s Plan: 8/10/10

• Bellwork: turn in homework and lab report-if ready (5 mins)

• Controls on Enzyme Function Demo (30-40 mins)

• Group time (the rest of class)

• Ph/Water workshop (15 mins during group time)

• Pack/Wrap-up (last few mins of class)

Today’s Plan: 8/11/10

• Bellwork: Metabolism Video (30 mins)

• Workshop on pH (20 mins)

• Last chance to work on your project (the rest of class)-Presentations tomorrow!

• Pack/Wrap-up (last few mins of class)

Today’s Plan: 8/12/10

• Prepare to Present (5 mins)

• Project Presentations (the rest of class)

Today’s Plan: 8/13/10

• Bellwork: Basic and Biochemistry Q&A (10 mins)

• Biochemistry Test (as needed)

• If you finish early, work on the collaboration rubric, the next HW, Vocab, or missing work

• Pack/Wrap-up (last few mins of class)

Basic Chemistry Notes• Everyting is made up of elements. The

periodic table lists and organizes these elements according to their composition

• Elements are made up of atoms

• All atoms are made of the following: – protons=positively charged, found in nucleus– neutrons=NO charge, found in nucleus– electrons=negatively charged, orbit the nucleus

Atomic Parts• Nucleus-determines the mass of the atom

(electron mass is negligible).• Atomic number=number of protons• Atomic Mass (Mass number)=number of

protons+number of neutrons• Electron cloud is composed of layers (like

onion skin). These are called Energy levels or shells.

• Shell 1=2 electrons, shell 2=8 electrons, shell 3=18 electrons

Changes to Atoms

• “Elemental” Atoms are found on the periodic table, but these are actually the most common isotopes of the atoms

• Isotope-”iso”=same, same element, different numbers of neutrons.– Half-life of radioisotopes=amount of time it takes for

half of a sample to decay (see overhead)

• Ion=charged particles which have gained or lost electrons

Atomic Stability• Octet rule: Atoms need 8 electrons or a full

outer shell to be stable

• Atoms that don’t have the octet tend to be very reactive

• The number or electrons needed to get the octet is known as the atom’s valence, which tells us the number of bonds the atom will make (atoms pick up, release, or share electrons when bonding)

Solutions and pH• Solution-one thing distributed evenly in another

(must use physical properties to separate them)• Water dissociation (see overhead)

– causes H+ and OH- ions– H+ means the solution is acidic– OH-means the solution is basic

• pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is– 0-6.99=acidic, 0 being the most acidic– 7=neutral– 7.1-14=basic, 14 being the most basic

Water’s Properties

• Polarity=slightly positive and negative ends which makes it a good solvent for other polar things

• This also allows water to make Hydrogen bonds (weak attractive forces between Hydrogens in different molecules)

• This gives water special properties– Capillary action– Stabilizing temperature– Expanding when it freezes

Biochemistry notes• Carbon-the backbone for organic molecules

– organic is carbon-based chemistry– biochemistry is the organic chemistry of living

things– can form single (flexible, -ane), double (semi-

flexible, -ene), or triple bonds (rigid, -yne)

• Biochemicals are chains of smaller molecules or subunits

Carbohydrates• Sugars (end in -ose) and Starches• Sugars tend to be simple chains or rings of

carbons, while starches are long, branching chains of sugars.

• Sugars can be simple (single subunit), or more complex (multiple subunits)

• Sugars are ready, useable energy• Starches are short-term energy storage molecules

(glycogen in animals, cellulose in plants)• All carbohydrates have the formula CxH2xOx

Lipids• Fats, Waxes, and Oils• Made up of fatty acids• These are the long-term energy storage molecules.• Typical structures include triglycerides (3 fatty

acids with a glycerol backbone)• Still contain C and H, but have far less O than

carbohydrates• Saturation-all of the valence electrons in carbon

are bonded with a hydrogen (full of hydrogens=single bonded)

• Mono and polyunsaturated-double and triple bonded carbons (where do you see these words commonly?)

Nucleic Acids

• Chains of nucleotides• Nucleotides are composed of

– a phosphate– a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA)– a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, guanine,

cytosine, uracil)

• The order of the nucleotides contains the code for building the components of living things

Proteins

• Are chains of amino acids

• Order of amino acids is important, as this determines the shape of the molecule.

• Shape determines how the protein works-particularly w/ enzymes

Enzymes• Enzymes Lower the activation energy of reactions

(they help the reaction begin quickly)• These are usually proteins, which means that their

shape is important. In fact, the shape makes them only capable of interacting with specific substrates

• Substrate=that which is put together or broken down by enzymes

• Enzymes are NOT consumed by the reactions they catalyze (speed up)

Enzymes, Continued

• Several things control and enzyme’s function– Concentration of substrates or enzymes– pH– Temperature

• Enzymes changing shape because of temperature or pH changes=denaturing