today vocabulary vigilance noun action or state of keeping ......vigilance (noun) = the action or...

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Today’s Vocabulary

Vigilance (noun) = The action or state of keeping careful watch for possible danger or difficulties (जागरूकता)

Grim (adj) = Very serious or gloomy (विकट)

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105 Questons from 11 Cloze Tests

V i s h a l P a r i h a r ( A V P )

For BANK, SSC, CET & ALL COMPETITIVE EXAMS


105 Questions of Cloze tests

Cloze Test-1

Directions (1-10): In the following passage

there are blanks, each of which has been

numbered and one word has been suggested

alongside the blank. These numbers are

printed below the passage and against each,

five options are given. In four options, one

word is suggested in each option. Find out the

appropriate option which fits the blank

appropriately. If the word written alongside

the blank fits the passage, choose option (e) as the correct choice.

While new senses data reveals that

unemployment numbers are more(1)seemly than

was previously suspected, it is not clear that the

forecast for American entrepreneurship is

equally (2)alarming. An article in major national

newspaper suggests that that (3)malediction in

hiring at existing companies might result in more

new companies being founded. College

graduates unable to find traditional jobs, instead

(4)rote to start their own business. Where a

recession may seem an (5)miraculous time for

such a historically risky (6)bifurcation, with no

better options, would be entrepreneurs have little

to lose. Unfortunately this situation doesn’t

necessarily impact the economy (7)realiably.

Though the average number of new businesses

started per year has been higher during the

(8)absention that it was before, the proportion of

high value businesses founded each year has

declined. So even if a business manages to stay

solvent, it is not (9)docile, many new

entrepreneurs are putting their own money on the

line. In a certain ways, the choice between

accepting a traditional job and starting a business

is not unlike the choice between renting and

buying property. The latter requires a significant

initial outlay and carries heavier risks, but the

rewards can be equally (10)provincial.

Q1.

(a) nearing (b) obliviate (c) auspicious (d) dire (e) No correction required S1. Ans. (d) Sol. Obliviate means ‘to forget’

Seemly- proper/decent

Auspicious- full of promise


All the above given three words doesn’t go with

the sentence either grammatically or

contextually.

Dire-urgent/crucial this word fills the blank

correctly so the best answer choice is option (d). Q2.

(a) comforting (b) lacking (c) mutating (d) bewildering (e) No correction required S2. Ans. (e) Sol. The correct option can be deduced from the

previous line in the paragraph as it states that

unemployment numbers are becoming crucial,

so the corresponding best choice should be

alarming.

Mutating- change in form or nature

Bewildering- confusing/ perplexing

So the best answer choice should be option (e) . Q3.

(a) contingent (b) largess (c) contraction (d) validation (e) No correction required S3. Ans. (c) Sol. Contingent- a group of people sharing a

common feature

Largesse- generosity in bestowing money or

gifts upon others.

Contraction- the process of becoming smaller.

The sentence suggests that if there is a decrease

in the trend of hiring the employees their might

be need of new companies. So the best option

that goes correct contextually with the sentence

is option (c) .

Q4.

(a) circumscribe (b) refuse (c) opt (d) rejct (e) No correction required S4. Ans. (c) Circumscribe- restrict something within limits.

According to the context given in the sentence

the ‘opt- make a choice’ fits best in the blank

given. So the best answer choice should be

option (c) . Q5.

(a) prodigious (b) portentous (c) phenomenal (d) unpropitious (e) No correction required S5. Ans. (d) Sol. Prodigious- causing wonder or

astonishment , portentous is the synonym word

of prodigious.

Unpropitious- (of a circumstance) not giving or

indicating a good chance of success;

unfavourable.

Miraculous is a positive word whereas in

sentence author is talking about the risk risen

out of recession.

So the best answer choice should be option (d) . Q6.

(a) endeavor (b) passivity (c) pastime (d) idleness (e) No correction required


S6. Ans. (a) Sol. Endeavor-try hard to do or achieve

something. Passivity, pastime, idleness are the

antonyms of endeavor. So the best answer

choice should be option (a) . Q7.

(a) biologically (b) historically (c) negatively (d) positively (e) No correction required S7. Ans. (d) Sol. “Unfortunately this situation doesn’t

necessarily impact the economy” as given in the

paragraph conveys that the word to be filled

should be, such as to create a negative sense in

totality hence the correct option to be filled as

answer should be option (d) . Q8.

(a) obsession (b) recession (c) reflection (d) abstention (e) No correction required S8. Ans. (b) Sol. Abstention- an instance of declining to vote

for or against a proposal or motion.

Recession- a period of temporary economic

decline. Option (b) is the best answer choice as it fits grammatically and contextually fit in the

sentence.

Q9.

(a) capitalists (b) economist (c) bankrupt

(d) thrifty (e) No correction required S9. Ans. (a) Sol. thrifty - using money and other resources

carefully and not wastefully.

Capitalists- a person who uses their wealth to

invest in trade and industry for profit

“many new entrepreneurs are putting their own

money on the line” this following sentence after

blank suggests that capitalist is the perfect

answer choice to filled in the given blank.

Option (a) is the best answer choice as it fits grammatically and contextually fit in the

sentence.

Q10.

(a) tenuous (b) unimportant (c) substantial (d) miniature (e) No correction required S10. Ans. (c) Sol. Substantial- of considerable importance,

size, or worth.

Tenuous- very weak or slight

Miniature and unimportant are the antonyms of

substantial.

‘but the rewards can be equally’ line in the

paragraph suggests that word ‘substantial’ fits

grammatically and contextually in the blank

hence the correct option to be filled as answer

should be option (c) . Cloze Test-2

Directions (1-5): In the following passage

against each number four words are

suggested in bold which may or may not fit

into the sentence contextually. These numbers

are printed below the passage and against

each, five options are given. Find out the most


inappropriate option reflecting the word

which must be replaced to give a contextual

meaning to the paragraph. If no such error is

there mark (e) i.e. “All are correct” as your answer choice.

(1) A country’s currency utility determines its

competitiveness in global trade. This strength is

determined by fiscal deficit, trade deficit, forex

reserves and capital flows in an economy. (2)

Economies where foreign reserves are very

high, trade is in deficit and capital flows are

positive, their currencies have a tendency to

appreciate. Countries, where there is high trade

deficit, negative capital flows and negative

current account, are likely to witness

depreciation in currency. (3) Depending on the

situation, countries fluctuate to manipulation of

currency by either buying or selling dollars.

Buying dollars leads to appreciation of

currency and selling dollars leads to

depreciation. The extent of buying and selling

determines the level of appreciation or

depreciation. (4) Weak currencies provide cost-

competitive advantage to nations in gaining

share in global trade. China gained advantage in

global trade by keeping its currency weak for

long, supported by artificial depression of cost

of production in the country. This helped China

become the leader in global manufacturing.

After pressure from the US and others, China

allowed appreciation of its currency. (5) The

advent of the trade war is focusing a major

challenge to countries. It will lead to slow growth

in global trade and many countries that mainly

depend on trade will be affected in a big way. To

counter the trade war, countries will adopt the

strategy of weakening their currencies.

Q1.

(a) utility (b) global (c) determined

(d) economy (e) All are correct S1. Ans. (a) Sol. The paragraph is describing about role of

currencies to gain competitive edge in the global

trade. The word ‘utility’ does not fit properly in

the context of the paragraph. Drawing a hint

from the next sentence of the paragraph [This

strength…] indicates that the previous sentence is

illustrating about the strength of the currency.

Therefore the most suitable word to replace the

erroneous word is “strength”. Hence, option (a) becomes the most suitable answer choice.

Q2.

(a) Economies (b) deficit (c) tendency (d) witness (e) All are correct S2. Ans. (b) Sol. It is to be noted that the paragraph is

describing about all the positive aspects in

Economies [foreign reserves are very high…

capital flows are positive… currencies have a

tendency to appreciate]. This gives a clue for the

to find the erroneous word which is “deficit” as

deficit means the amount by which something,

especially a sum of money, is too small. Since,

this gives a contrasting meaning to the word

required, the most suitable word to replace

deficit should be surplus. All the other given

words are precise in context of the paragraph.

Hence, option (b) is the most feasible answer choice.

Q3.

(a) Depending (b) fluctuate


(c) appreciation (d) extent (e) All are correct S3. Ans. (b) Sol. The word ‘fluctuate’ does not fit in the

theme of the paragraph. ‘Fluctuate’ means rise

and fall irregularly in number or amount. The

most suitable word to replace ‘fluctuate’ in

order to provide meaning to the paragraph is

‘resort’ which is a verb which means turn to and

adopt (a course of action, especially an extreme

or undesirable one) so as to resolve a difficult

situation. Hence, option (b) is the most suitable answer choice.

Q4.

(a) provide (b) supported (c) leader (d) pressure (e) All are correct S4. Ans. (e) Sol. All the given words in bold are

grammatically correct and contextually

meaningful. The given set of words provides

complete coherence to theme of the paragraph.

Hence, option (e) is the most suitable answer choice.

Q5.

(a) advent (b) focusing (c) affected (d) strategy (e) All are correct S5. Ans. (b) Sol. The word ‘focusing’ does not fit in the theme

of the paragraph as it creates grammatical as well

as contextual error. ‘Focusing’ means pay

particular attention to. The most suitable word to

replace ‘focusing’ in order to provide meaning to

the paragraph is ‘posing’ which means present or

constitute (a problem or danger). Hence, option

(b) is the most suitable answer choice. Cloze Test-3

In the following passage there are blanks,

each of which has been numbered. These

numbers are printed below the passage and

against each, five options are given. Four of

the five words fit into the blank coherently.

Find out the word which does not fit into the

blank appropriately.

The rupee is on a (1) _______________. It is not

a good (2)_______________ for an economy

like India, which is on a recovery mode after

twin (3) _______________ caused by

demonetization and hasty implementation of the

GST. The Indian currency has

already(4) _______________ the 67 to a dollar-

mark, which is a 15-month low. It is feared that

the rupee will further weaken and may even(5)

_______________ to 70 in coming months. It

will, however, depend on the northward

movement of international oil prices, expected

rise in the US interest rate next month and

further (6)_______________ in the geopolitical

situation. In all probability, Indian economy

would have to face all these three challenges.

The Modi government’s first reaction has been

to freeze petrol and diesel rates. But, this

calculated reaction will provide a

temporary (7)_______________ to the common

man, who would face the brunt soon after the

Karnataka Assembly election. This move will

also(8) _______________ the petroleum sector


reform and bring back the (9)

_______________ oil subsidy regime where

fuel prices were kept below market rates at the

cost of the consumer, the state-run oil marketing

companies and the taxpayers. Ideally, the Centre

should have slashed levies on auto fuels

and (10) _______________states to follow suit.

Q1.

1. downslide

2. downfall

3. reform

4. nosedive

5. downswing

Answer1: 3

Solution: The paragraph is describing about the

downfall of Indian currency in international

market and the steps taken by the government to

comfort the citizens of the country. Therefore,

except for the word ‘reform’ all the other given

words fill the blank in the most comprehensive

manner. ‘Reform’ is a noun which means the

action or process of reforming an institution or

practice. Thus, the most suitable word that would

fill the blank is ‘downslide’ or some word similar

in meaning. ‘Downslide’ means a decline or

downward trend, as of prices. It is a synonym of

‘downfall’, ‘nosedive’ and ‘downswing’. As,

except for option (c) all other words fit in the blank it becomes the most suitable answer

choice.

Q2.

1. menace

2. omen

3. portent

4. presage

5. token

Answer2: 1

Solution: Among the given options, the word

‘menace’ fail to provide coherence to the

paragraph. It is to be noted that the phrase [It is

not a good] is already depicting a threat or an ill

sign, therefore to make the sentence

contextually correct the word in the blank

should express a neutral or a contrasting

meaning. ‘Omen’ is a noun which means an

event regarded as a portent of good or evil.

‘portent’, ‘presage’ and ‘token’ are also

synonyms of ‘omen’. However, ‘menace’ means

a person or thing that is likely to cause harm; a

threat or danger. Thus, the most suitable answer

choice is option (a) . Portent means a sign or warning that a

momentous or calamitous event is likely to

happen.

Presage means be a sign or warning of (an

imminent event, typically an unwelcome one).

Q3.

1. turmoils

2. agitations

3. disturbances

4. disruptions

5. mutiny

Answer3: 5

Solution: As the former part of the sentence is

expressing that the Indian economy is on

recovery mode, it provides a hint that the

appropriate word to fill the blank should express

disruptions or disturbances from which the

economy is recovering. ‘agitations’ and

‘turmoils’ are synonyms of disruptions.

However, ‘mutiny’ is a noun which means an


open rebellion against the proper authorities,

especially by soldiers or sailors against their

officers. Therefore, it fails to fit contextually in

the given blank of the paragraph. Hence, option

(e) becomes the most viable answer choice. Turmoils means a state of great disturbance,

confusion, or uncertainty.

Agitations means the arousing of public concern

about an issue and pressing for action on it.

Mutiny means an open rebellion against the

proper authorities, especially by soldiers or

sailors against their officers.

Q4.

1. breached

2. achieved

3. crossed

4. traversed

5. cracked

Answer4: 2


downfall of the Indian rupee therefore, the most

suitable word that should fill the blank is

‘breached’ or some word similar in meaning. It is

to be noted that the phrase [which is a 15-month

low] in the latter part of the sentence provides a

hint of a negative remark. Thus, the increased

gap between the value of a rupee and a dollar is

alarming rather than an achievement to the

Indian economy. Hence, the inappropriate word

that fails to fit in the blank is ‘achieved’.

Therefore, option (b) is the most suitable answer choice.

Breached means make a gap in and break

through (a wall, barrier, or defence).

Traversed means extend across or through.

Q5.

1. plunge

2. ameliorate

3. slump

4. descend

5. fall

Answer5: 2

Solution: The former part of the sentence is

indicating the downfall of the economy and the

phrase connecting the other phrase of the

sentence using the conjunction ‘and’ should

depict the similar subject. Therefore, the phrase

[the rupee will furtherweaken] indicates the

word the should fit appropriately in the given

blank. ‘plunge’ is a verb which means fall

suddenly and uncontrollably. ‘slump’, ‘descend’

and ‘fall’ are also synonyms of plunge. Thus,

‘plunge’ or either of its synonym provides

coherence to the paragraph. However,

‘ameliorate’ means make (something bad or

unsatisfactory) better; but we can refer from the

latter part of the sentence that the value of rupee

will further fall from 67 to 70 [to 70 in coming

months] Thus, the situation will get worsen

rather than improved. As, ‘ameliorate’ fails to fit

contextually, option (b) is the most suitable answer choice.

Q6.

1. recuperation

2. deterioration

3. descent

4. decline

5. retrogression

Answer6: 1



downfall of Indian currency in international

market and the steps taken by the government to

comfort the citizens of the country. Therefore,

except for the word ‘recuperation’ all the other

given words fill the blank in the most

comprehensive manner. ‘Recuperation’ is a noun

which means the recovery or regaining of

something. Thus, the most suitable word that

would fill the blank is ‘deterioration’ or some

word similar in meaning. ‘Deterioration’ means

the process of becoming progressively worse. It

is a synonym of ‘descent’, decline’ and

‘retrogression’. As, except for option (c) all other words fit in the blank it becomes the most

suitable answer choice.

Descent means an act of moving downwards,

dropping, or falling.

Decline means a gradual and continuous loss of

strength, numbers, or value.

Retrogression means the process of returning to

an earlier state, typically a worse one.

Q7.

1. respite

2. rest

3. break

4. strive

5. relief

Answer7: 4

Solution: The previous sentence of the

paragraph mentions the remedy provided by the

Modi’s government to overcome the decline of

Indian rupee value. Therefore, the word that

provides the absolute meaning to the paragraph

is ‘respite’ or a word similar in meaning. ‘respite’

means a short period of rest or relief from

something difficult or unpleasant. Moreover,

‘res’, ‘break’ and ‘relief’ are synonyms of

‘respite’. However, ‘strive’ means to make great

efforts to achieve or obtain something. Thus,

option (d) becomes the most suitable answer choice.

Q8.

1. nullify

2. invalidate

3. negate

4. ratify

5. abrogate

Answer8: 4

Solution: The word that perfectly fits the blank

of the paragraph is “nullify” or a word similar in

meaning. ‘Nullify’ means make legally null and

void; invalidate. ‘Invalidate’, ‘negate’ and

‘abrogate’ can also fill in the blank making the

sentence grammatically correct and contextually

meaningful. However, ‘ratify’ is a verb which

means sign or give formal consent to (a treaty,

contract, or agreement), making it officially

valid. Thus, it fails to make the sentence

coherent. Hence, option (d) is the most suitable answer choice.

Invalidate means make or prove (an argument,

statement, or theory) unsound or erroneous.

Negate means make ineffective; nullify.

Abrogate means evade (a responsibility or duty).

Q9.

1. benign

2. ominous

3. threatening

4. menacing


5. doomy

Answer9:1


of the paragraph is “ominous” or a word similar

in meaning. ‘ominous’ is an adjective which

means giving the worrying impression that

something bad is going to happen; threateningly

inauspicious. ‘threatening’, ‘menacing’ and

‘doomy’ can also fill in the blank making the


meaningful. However, ‘benign’ is an adjective

which means mild and favourable. Thus, it fails

to make the sentence coherent. Hence, option (a) is the most suitable answer choice.

Menacing means be a threat or possible danger

to.

Doomy means suggesting or predicting disaster;

ominous.

Q10.

1. coaxed

2. persuaded

3. convinced

4. influenced

5. aroused

Answer10: 5


of the paragraph is “coaxed” or a word similar in

meaning. ‘Coaxed’ is a verb which means

persuade (someone) gradually or gently to do

something. ‘Persuaded’, ‘convinced’ and

‘induced’ can also fill in the blank making the


meaningful. However, ‘aroused’ is a verb which

means excite or provoke (someone) to anger or

strong emotions. Thus, it fails to make the

sentence coherent. Hence, option (e) is the most suitable answer choice.

Persuaded means induce (someone) to do

something through reasoning or argument.

Convinced means cause (someone) to believe

firmly in the truth of something.

Induced means to succeed in persuading or

leading (someone) to do something.

Cloze Test-4

Directions (1-10): In the following passage there

are blanks, each of which has been numbered

and one word has been suggested alongside the

blank. These numbers are printed below the

passage and against each, five options are given.

In four options, one word is suggested in each

option. Find out the appropriate option which fits

the blank appropriately. If the word written

alongside the blank fits the passage, choose

option ‘e’ (No correction required) as the correct

choice.

The German drama ‘The Lives Of Others’ is

likely to find its rightful(1) place among the best

films ever made. Among other things, the film

shows the power of a humble typewriter. The

character Georg Dreyman uses a smuggled

typewriter to publish an depose(2) article in Der

Spiegel about the abnormally high suicide rates

in East Germany that the authorities are

contriving(3) from the world. The article

becomes a major embarrassment for the

repressive(4) regime. While this was a film

script, information technology—right from the

printing press to the internet—has been crucial,

argues law professor Anupam Chander, to

political change. Sticking his neck out, Chander

claims that the internet is “a far more powerful

medium for orthodoxy(5) than any history has

thus far seen”.


It is, therefore, not surprising that the Chinese

government is so scared of an diffident (6)

Internet. What should also not surprise us is the

willingness of a powerful corporate

surreptitious(7) like Google to compromise on

its stated values in order to gain its slice of the

huge online market in China. According to

internal documents rattled(8) by The Intercept,

Google is planning to launch a censored version

of its search engine for people in China. Dubbed

as project Dragonfly, the planned app will

comply with China’s censorship laws and

blacklist keywords strangled(9) politically

sensitive by the Communist government. In

internal meetings, Google’s chief executive

officer has defended the project, saying the

company’s plans are still “prosaic(10)” in nature.

Q1.(a) nearing (b) obliviate (c) tenable (d) rote (e) No correction required S1. Ans. (e) Sol. Obliviate- to forget

Rote- the use of memory usually with little

intelligence

Tenable-well founded

So the option (e) is the best choice rightful means by right/law

Q2.

(a) wanting (b) anonymous (c) laconic (d) haughty (e) No correction required S2. Ans. (b)

Sol. Here writer has talked about some article

word depose doesn’t fit here

Depose- to put down or lay down

Wanting-absent or lacking

Laconic-using a few words

Anonymous- lacking a name/without any name

acknowledged of a person responsible, so

option (b) is the right choice which fits the blank appropriately.

Q3.

(a) bribing (b) reviving (c) hiding (d) subsuming (e) No correction required S3. Ans. (c) Sol. Contriving- to scheme or to plot

Subsuming-to include

Hiding fits the blank appropriately so right

option choice is (c) . Q4.

(a) demotic (b) liberal (c) amenable (d) bamboozled (e) No correction required S4. Ans. (e) Sol. Demotic- for the common people

Amenable-willing to comply

Bamboozled-make a fool of

Repressive-oppressive or burdensome

The right choice should be (e) Q5.(a) dissent (b) concurrence (c) sanction


(d) agreement (e) No correction required. S5. Ans. (a) Sol. Orthodoxy-an orthodox belief

Dissent- to differ in opinion, option (a) the right choice which fits the blank appropriately.

Q6.

(a) trammel (b) subdue (c) unfettered (d) proponent (e) No correction required. S6. Ans. (c) Sol. Diffident-lacking confidence in others

Trammel-whatever impedes activity, progress

or freedom, such as a net or shackle

Subdue- to bring under control

Unfettered-not bound by chains or shackles.

Proponent- support

option (c) is the right choice which fits the blank appropriately.

Q7.

(a) behemoth (b) turpitude (c) twerp (d) shrimp (e) No correction required. S7. Ans. (a) Sol. Behemoth- a great and mighty monster.

Surreptitious-well hidden (especially

movements)

In given paragraph writer has called the

company like Google a strong and has

described it’s willingness, so behemoth is the

most appropriate word to be used here thus

option (a) is the best choice.

Q8.

(a) unearthed (b) inhume (c) disintered (d) both (a) and (c) (e) No correction required. S8. Ans. (d) Sol. Rattled-a sound made by loose objects

shaking

Inhume-to bury in a grave

Disinterred, unearthed-to uncover or find.

In paragraph the writer has mentioned ‘internal

documents’ so option (d) fits better in the blank.

Q9.(a) deemed (b) conceive (c) kindled (d) both (a) and (b) (e) No correction required. S9. Ans. (d) Sol. Strangled-to kill someone by squeezing the

throat so as to cut off the oxygen supply.

Deemed, conceive-to have as an opinion

Kindle-to start a fire/light

As per the meaning of the given lines in

paragraph option (d) is the appropriate choice. Q10.

(a) eulogistic (b) exploratory (c) burly (d) renegade (e) No correction required. S10. Ans. (b) Sol. Prosaic- unimaginative or dull


Eulogistic- pertaining to the eulogy(an oration

to honor a deceased person)

Exploratory- it means still in a stage of

development and growth

Renegade-a disloyal person

The right option choice is option (b) . Cloze Test-5

Directions Q (1-10): In the following passage


numbered. These numbers are printed below

the passage and against each five words are

suggested, one of which fits the blank

appropriately. Find out the appropriate

word in each case.

Without doubt there is one thing ___ (1) ____ to

all of us-we have all played a game at some time

in our lives. Most of us play to relax or have fun,

but for many, playing a game or a sport is a way

to ___ (2) _____ poverty behind. In fact, in many

African countries, playing a sport professionally

can ____ (3) _____ the lives of a person’s entire

family. For example, in the small town of Bekoji,

in Ethiopia _____ (4) _____ than a hundred boys

and girls can be seen running at dawn every day.

Each of these youth is _____ (5) ______ and

serious and their coach is _____ (6) ______ that

one of them will be a world champion. This

seems like an idle ______ (7) ________ but it is

virtually a guarantee in this small community

_______ (8) ________ mainly farmers. Many of

the fastest male and female distance runners in

the world hail from this small town. A small hand

painted sign which greets visitors outside Bekoji

______ (9) _______ “Welcome to the Village of

Athletes”. Children here start running at an early

age, ______ (10) _______ great distances to

fetch water and firewood or to reach school. At

the Olympics, runners from this small town are

likely to win more medals than those from

developed countries. It will give their families a

way out of poverty.

Q1.

(a) Popular (b) Accepted (c) Common (d) Alike (e) Similar S1. Ans. (c) Sol. Without doubt there is one thing common to

all of us. Popular will be accompanied by the

preposition among. Accepted will take the

preposition ‘by’, alike and similar will also not

fit the structure of the sentence. The only suitable

choice one is left with is ‘common’.

Q2.

(a) leave (b) Alleviate (c) Forgot (d) Prevent (e) Reduce S2. Ans. (a) Sol. Playing a game or a sport is a way to leave

poverty behind. Here, leave will be accompanied

with a preposition ‘behind’. Alleviate doesn’t

take any preposition. The rest of the options

would not fit either.

Q3.

(a) Shift (b) Changes (c) Arrange (d) Control (e) Transform S3. Ans. (e) Sol. Playing a sport professionally can transform

the lives of a person's entire family. ‘Can’ will be


followed by a plural verb. Had it not been

‘changes’, the option change would have been

correct. That’s the only close choice. ‘Transform’

is a perfect fit.

Q4.

(a) Larger (b) Further (c) More (d) Greater (e) Over S4. Ans. (c) Sol. In Ethiopia more than a hundred boys and

girls can be seen running at dawn every day.

Here ‘more’ denotes quantity. Larger denotes

size of an object. Further denotes distance.

Similarly, Greater and over are not appropriate

choices either. ‘More’ will be the correct choice.

Q5.

(a) Performed (b) Concentrated (c) Rival (d) Focused (e) Playful S5.Ans. (d) Sol. Each of these youth is focused and serious.

The blank will take a positive adjective, hence

focused. Performed and concentrated don’t go

with what the sentence conveys. Rival has

negative connotation. Playful is opposite in

meaning to serious, so it is wrong.

Q6.

(a) Confident (b) Convince (c) Optimist (d) Intended (e) Privilege

S6.Ans. (a) Sol. Their coach is confident that one of them

will be a world champion. The coach can be

‘confident’. The rest of the words will not fit in.

Had the options been convinced or optimistic, it

would still have been a closer choice. Intended

and privilege will not fit according to what the

sentence is conveying.

Q7.

(a) Precaution (b) Boast (c) Suspicion (d) Risk (e) Worship S7. (b) Sol. It seems like an idle boast but it is virtually

a guarantee in this small community. In the

sentence stated prior to this one, the coach is

confident about someone from the community

will be a world champion. This sentence is in

the same context. So, it cannot be an idle

precaution, suspicion, risk or worship.

Q8.

(a) for (b) Existing (c) That (d) Comprising (e) Consisting S8. (d) Sol. It is virtually a guarantee in this small

community comprising mainly farmers. For,

existing and that make the sentence structurally

imperfect. Consisting would have been an

option if it had been followed by a preposition

‘of’. Comprising fits the sentence well.

Q9.

(a) wish


(b) Warn (c) Inform (d) Notices (e) Reads S9. (e) Sol. A small hand painted sign which greets

visitors outside Bekoji reads "Welcome to the

Village of Athletes". The sign cannot wish and

notice. The blank will take a singular verb. So,

Warn and inform will be incorrect. Reads is the

correct option.

Q10.

(a) competing (b) Covering (c) Driving (d) Measuring (e) Following S10. (b) Sol. Children here start running at an early age,

covering great distances to fetch water. Distance

can be covered and not competed or driven.

Covering goes well with the context of the

sentence.

Cloze Test-6

Direction (1-5): In the following passage

against each number four words are





appropriate alternative reflecting the word

which doesn’t fit into the blank appropriately

and thus fail to give a contextual meaning to

the paragraph. If no such error is there mark

(E) i.e. “all are correct” as your answer choice.

(1) There is much durability in the rupee

exchange rate lately, and it underlines the need

for a vibrant currency futures and options

market; we need a more

complete derivatives market across asset classes

for bonds, equities, currencies, interest rates and

commodities to better

manage intrinsic risks. (2) It is welcome that

markets regulator SEBI has initiating the

process to greatly increase trading time for

derivatives, and has also reportedly written to the

Centre to rationalize tax on the commodities

going forward. But rigidities remain. (3) There is

a feature to rethink tax policy, margin

requirements, position limits, documentation

levels and other regulation, so as

to remove friction and bring about

a thriving onshore derivatives market

here. (4) Otherwise, the

market would move offshore, to

the detriment of jobs, skills, investments

and optimal resource allocation. (5) The point

is that financial services like derivatives are

a skill and technology-intensive business in

which we in India have a competitive

advantage, and it is vital that we remove

policy assistance that constrain the derivatives

market.

Q1.

1. durability

2. vibrant

3. commodities

4. intrinsic

5. no error

Answer1: 1

Solution: Read the paragraph carefully. As the

latter part of the sentence is indicating about the

need for approaches to manage the risks

associated with the continuous changes in the

rupee value. Therefore, the noun “durability” is

inappropriate in the context of the paragraph and

creating incoherence in the sentence. However,

to make the sentence of the paragraph


meaningful, replace “durability” with the noun

“volatility” which means liability to change


rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the

worse. Hence, option (1) becomes the most


Derivatives means something which is based on

another source.

Intrinsic means belonging naturally ; essential.

Q2.

1. welcome

2. initiating

3. increase

4. commodities

5. no error

Answer2: 2

Solution: Among the given words in bold,

option (2) i.e., “initiating” is creating a

grammatical error in the sentence of the

paragraph. To make the sentence grammatically

correct replace “initiating” with “initiated” as the

correct grammatical syntax for the sentence

should be [Subject + Have / Has + Past Participle].

All the other given words in bold are precise and

composing a comprehensive paragraph. Hence,

option (2) is the most suitable answer choice.

Instruments means a formal or legal document.

Rigidities means the quality or state of stiffness

or inflexibility

Q3.

1. feature

2. rethink

3. onshore

4. market

5. no error

Answer3: 1

Solution: Read the paragraph carefully. Here,

the sentence of the paragraph is not describing a

feature or characteristic of a product or policy,

rather it is describing about the issue of

devaluation of rupee in international market. To

resolve this issue the latter part of the sentence

has suggested several policies and instruments to

rally the value of Indian currency. Thereby, to

make the sentence of the paragraph contextually

meaningful and grammatically correct, replace

“feature” with “case” highlighting the issue of

devaluation. All the other given words are

precise and composing a comprehensive

paragraph. Hence, option (1) becomes the most


Q4.

1. move

2. offshore

3. resource

4. allocation

5. no error

Answer4: 5


devaluation of Indian currency in international

market. It has also suggested several measures to

rectify the worsening situation. Therefore, all the

given words are perfectly adhering to the theme

of the paragraph making it contextually correct.

Hence, option (5) becomes the most suitable

answer choice.

Detriment means the state of being harmed or

damaged.

Q5.

1. derivatives

2. business

3. remove

4. assistance

5. no error

Answer5: 4

Solution: The given sentence of the paragraph

contains a contextual error as “assistance” which

means the provision of money, resources, or

information to help someone. However, the

phrase of the sentence [that we remove policy]

indicates a barrier in the policy which is

constraining the derivatives market. Hence, to

make the sentence grammatically correct and

contextually meaningful, replace “assistance”

with “hurdles”. All the other given words are


appropriate in the context of the paragraph.

Hence, option (4) is the most suitable answer

choice.

Cloze Test-7

Direction (1-10): In the following passage,

some of the words have been left out, each of

which is indicated by a number. Find the

suitable word from the options given against

each number and fill up the blanks with

appropriate words to make the paragraph

meaningfully complete.

With (1) ____________________ from the

goods and services tax peaking at over 1 lakh

crore in April, industry hoped the GST Council

would make life simpler for an increasingly (2)

____________________tax-payer base. Indeed,

at its meeting last week the Council decided

to (3) ____________________ a

new compliance system under which a single

monthly GST return will have to be submitted by

firms, (4) ____________________ a few

exceptions. However, this will only be done in a

phased manner — with the first of three (5)

____________________ stages to begin six

months from now. Discussions over (6)

____________________ GST returns have been

under way for months and considered by the

Council, a committee of officers and a Group of

Ministers. Nandan Nilekani, chairman of Infosys

Technologies, the firm in charge of the GST

Network’s IT system, has been (7)

____________________. Yet, the solution

offered has (8) ____________________. For

instance, in the second stage of the transition to

simpler returns, buyers will

get (9) ____________________input credit

even if the seller doesn’t upload the invoices.

While this could lead to disputes, in the third

stage input credits will only be granted after

sellers upload (10) ____________________.

Q1.

1. interference

2. collections

3. collocation

4. creation

5. transitions

Answer1: 2


implications of the GST policies on the tax

payer. Moreover, it’s also highlighting the gaps

offered in the solution for simplifying GST

returns through IT system. The most suitable

word that would comply with the theme of the

paragraph is ‘collections’ as the sentence of the

paragraph is describing about the revenues

collected by GST council through industry in the

month of April. All the other words fail to fit

appositely in the given blank, hence, option (2)

becomes the most suitable answer choice.

Q2.

1. prejudiced

2. recalcitrant

3. pervert

4. ingenuous

5. compliant

Answer2: 5

Solution: The most appropriate word that fills

the given blank is ‘compliant’. ‘Compliant’ is an

adjective which is describing about the quality of

the ‘tax payer base’. It means to be disposed to

agree with others or obey rules, especially to an

excessive degree; acquiescent. All the other

words fail to fit in the given blank. Hence, option

() is the most suitable answer choice.

Q3.

1. spread

2. govern

3. publish

4. introduce

5. clarify


Answer3: 4

Solution: The word that perfectly fills the given

blank is “introduce” as the phrase [a new

compliance system] provides a hint that the GST

council will suggest a system to make the life of

tax payers simpler. Moreover, all the other words

fail to fit contextually in the given sentence.


choice.

Q4.

1. informing

2. barring

3. reasoning

4. remaining

5. regarding

Answer4: 2

Solution: The most appropriate word that fits in

the given blank is ‘barring’. ‘Barring’ which is a

preposition means except for; if not for. The

word is used in the paragraph to refer the

exclusion of exceptions in the policy of single

monthly GST return. The other words given in

the options fail to provide contextual meaning to

the sentence. Hence, option (2) is the most viable

answer choice.

Regarding means in respect of; concerning.

Q5.

1. transition

2. styles

3. phases

4. methods

5. mutation

Answer5: 1


implications of the GST policies on the tax

payer. Moreover, it’s also highlighting the gaps

offered in the solution for simplifying GST

returns through IT system. The most suitable

word for the given blank is ‘transition’ which

means the process or a period of changing from

one state or condition to another. The word

‘transition’ is used here in reference to the

upcoming changes in the GST return policy. The

hint for the word can also be observed from the

phrase in the latter part of the paragraph [the

second stage of the transition to simpler returns].

All the other words fail to provide absolute

contextual meaning to the paragraph. Hence,


Q6.

1. eliminating

2. exposing

3. simplifying

4. cremating

5. reminding

Answer6: 3

Solution: The most suitable word that perfectly

fits in the theme of the paragraph is ‘simplifying’.

The phrase [GST Council would make life

simpler] in the former part of the paragraph

provides a hint that GST council must have

introduced a system to “simplify” the life of tax

payers. The other words do not fit either

grammatically or contextually in the sentence.

Hence, option (3) is the most viable answer

choice.

Q7.

1. epoch

2. inspecting

3. abandoned

4. consulted

5. negotiated

Answer7: 4

Solution: The sentence is expressing that to

make the life of the tax payers simpler the firm

in charge of the GST Network’s IT system has

been consulted. ‘Consulted’ means seek

information or advice from (someone, especially

an expert or professional). All the other words

create a contextual error in the paragraph. Hence,



Q8.

1. assiatance

2. gaps

3. rules

4. hope

5. diversion

Answer8: 2

Solution: The given blank of the sentence can be

filled with the word “gaps”. ‘Gaps’ referred to the

shortcomings of the flaws of the policy newly

framed. It is to be noted that the conjunction ‘yet’

is used to introduce a contrasting statement.

Therefore, as the paragraph is describing about

making the life simpler for tax payers, ‘yet’ is

used to indicate a contrasting word that should

fill the blank. All the given, except for option (2)

fail to make the paragraph coherent.

Q9.

1. unlimited

2. provisional

3. magnified

4. similar

5. balanced

Answer9: 2

Solution: The most appropriate word that fills

the given blank is ‘provisional’. ‘Provisional’ is

an adjective which means to be arranged or

existing for the present, possibly to be changed

later. All the other words fail to fit in the given

blank. Hence, option (2) is the most suitable

answer choice.

Q10.

1.invoices

2. notices

3. affidavits

4. receipts

5. bills

Answer10: 1

Solution: The given blank of the sentence should

be filled with the word “invoices”. As mentioned

in the previous sentence [even if the seller

doesn’t upload the invoices] the noun ‘invoices’

is used in the similar context. ‘Invoices’ means a

list of goods sent or services provided, with a

statement of the sum due for these; a bill. All the

other words do not fill the blank correctly. Hence

option (1) is the most feasible answer choice.

Affidavits means a written statement confirmed

by oath or affirmation, for use as evidence in

court.

Cloze Test-8

Given below is a paragraph consisting of

blanks. Identify the correct option among the

five alternative pairs that should fill the blank

against the number to make the paragraph

contextually meaningful and grammatically

correct.

It is hugely welcome that power supply has

finally reached all (1)

__________________villages in India. The goal

should now be to reach every home in every

village and, further, to ensure quality power

supply in rural areas during the day, so that

some (2)__________________value addition of

village produce making use of electric motors

and machinery would be possible. This still

remains a far cry. A village is officially (3)

__________________ as electrified if at least

10% of its (4) __________________have an

electric connection. This means that even with a

‘fully electrified’ countryside, millions of

villagers could go without power.

In many tier-2 and tier-3 towns, power supply

is (5) __________________and often limited to a

few hours of the day. This must change, for the

country to gain the

actual (6) __________________ of being fully

electrified. The rural electrification programme

rolled out in 2005 ,

(7) __________________ completion in 2011-


12. The goal was missed, but by 2014, 94% of

villages

were, (8) ______________________,electrified.

Those that (9) __________________would have

been the most difficult ones: so (10)

__________________ as to be out of the reach

of the conventional grid.

Q1.

1. flourished / budded

2. separated / distributed

3. classified / sectioned

4. inhabited / tenanted

5. flooded / colonized

Solution1:4

: Inhabited and tenanted is the most

appropriate choice as it revolves around the

context of living or occupying the area.

Q2.

1. minimal / moderate

2. trivial / negligible

3. casual / petty

4. extraneous / paltry

5. superfluous / futile

Solution2:1

: “minimal and moderate” the context of this

statement is there should be value addition and it

does not matter it will be minimal or moderate.

Other options do not go with the blank.

The sentence of the paragraph is describing

about penetration of electricity supply in the

villages

Q.3

1. classified / categorized

2. rated / divulged

3. separated / demarcated

4. placed / restricted

5. tabulated / concealed

Solution23:1

: The most suitable pair of words that fill the

blank is “classified / grouped”. ‘Classified’ is an

adjective which means arranged in classes or

categories. The sentence of the paragraph

expresses about the villages which are electrified

now and can be classified under this category.

All the other pair of words do not fit in the blank.

Thus option (e) becomes the most suitable answer choice.

Hushed means (of a place) very quiet and still.

Intimated means state or make known.

Concealed means kept secret; hidden.

Q.4

1. provinces / itinerant

2. residences / farmers

3. migrants / peasants

4. lodges / refugees

5. abodes / dwellings

Solution24:5

: The correct option to choose is abodes and

dwellings since the distribution of electricity

among residents of the village is talked about.

Q.5

1. asymmetrical / percipient

2. Nebulous / consistent

3. vague / unscrupulous

4. intermittent / fluctuant

5. dependable / turbulent

Solution25:4

: the correct pair of word should be intermittent

and erratic which means something which is

unsteady and not constant, and it fits with the

context of the passage as dis continuity of the

electricity in village is talked about.

Q.6

1. advantage / comfort

2. amorous / deterrents

3. hindrances / amorphous

4. admiration / barriers

5. encumbrances/ applause

Solution6:1

: The correct pair of word is “advantage and

comfort” as it is discussed in the passage that


the actual benefit of being electrified must

change.

Q.7

1. reserving / following

2. appreciating / ionizing

3. appropriating / presenting

4. targeting / earmarking

5. admiring / acclimating

Solution7:4

: the correct pair of word is “targeting and

earmarking” which means to designate

something for a particular purpose.

Q.8

1. verily/ definitely

2. remarkably / repeatedly

3. Obviously / conspicuously

4. suspiciously / undeniably

5. apparently / dubiously

Solution8:1

: The correct pair of words that fill the blank

appropriately is “verily and definitely” which

means certainly and this is the most viable

option to choose from.

Q.9

1. remained / left

2. endured / persisted

3. persevered / laced

4. unresolved / perused

5. prevailed / doubtful

Solution9:1

: “remained and left” is the word that fits with

the context as because the context of the

passage is meant to indicate that 64% are

electrified but the “remaining” 6 % would be in

difficulty.

Q10.

1. inappropriate / far

2. pivotal / faraway

3. eccentric / obscure

4. faraway / distant

5. isolated / apogee

Solution10: 4

: The correct pair of word is “faraway and

distant” which should be used to indicate the

context of the village which is so far that it is

difficult to be within the reach of the agency.

Cloze Test-9


against each number, four words are





appropriate alternative reflecting the word

which doesn’t fit into the blank appropriately

and thus fails to give a contextual meaning to

the paragraph. If no such error is there, mark

(5) i.e. “all are correct” as your answer choice.

(1) Mindfulness is a centuries-old idea that has been perused to address the challenges of our

new digital age. In essence,

mindfulness describes a state of being present in

the moment and leaving behind

one’s tendency to judge. (2) It allows one to pause amid the constant inflow

of stimuli and consciously decide how to act,

rather than

react swiftly with ingrained behavior

patterns. (3) Mindfulness, therefore, is perfectly suited to counterbalance the digital-

age obstacles of information overload and

constant distraction. The benefits of

mindfulness are both refuted and proven. (4) On an organizational level,

mindfulness reduces sick days, increases trust

in leadership and boosts employee engagement.

What’s more, mindfulness helps to unlock the

full potential of digital and agile

transformations. Now, mindfulness apps even

come pre-installed on smartphones and


tablets. (5) Yet integrating mindfulness in the corporate context can be challenging. Some

companies face vocal sceptics; others struggle

with entrenched ways of working. Even leaders

and employees who are reluctant to try out

mindfulness find it hard to get started.

Q1

1.perused

2. challenges

3. describes

4. judge

5. no error

Solution1: 1

: the word “perused” is incorrectly placed and

does not fit in the context of the paragraph. The

context of the paragraph is about the new

methods to overcome the obstacles faced in

corporate life. Thus the correct word that can

replace “perused” is “reinvented” as the

sentence of the paragraph is shedding light

upon the centuries ago idea of mindfulness.

Thus option 1 is the correct option to choose.

Q2

1. pause

2. decide

3. swiftly

4. ingrained

5. no error

Solution2: 3

: the adverb “swiftly” should be changed with

“reflexively” as there is no context how fast or

slow a person responds but the “reflex action”

that is ingrained in our behavior which promt us

to retaliate. Thus option 3 is the option that need

change and hence option 3 is the most viable

answer.

Q3

1. counterbalance

2. obstacles

3. distraction

4. refuted

5. no error

Solution3: 4

: the verb “refuted” should be changed as both

“refute” and proven are in contrast with each

other and cannot be used with the conjunction

“and”. Since the sentence is a positive statement

which is trying to show some benefit thus

“refute” should be taken off. The word that can

be used here is “clear”. Thus option “4”, require

changes and it is the correct answer to choose.

Q4

1. reduces

2. trust

3. agile

4. come

5. no error

Solution4: 5

: All the given words in bold are grammatically

correct and contextually meaningful. The given

set of words provide complete coherence to

theme of the paragraph. ‘Agile’ is an adjective

which means able to move quickly and easily.


choice.

Q5

1. integrating

2. context

3. struggle

4. reluctant

5. no error

Solution5: 4

: The bold word ‘reluctant doesn’t fit in the

theme of the paragraph as it is describing about

the new and innovated methods of mindfulness

with the help of digital age to overcome the

challenges faced in corporate life. Moreover, the

latter part of the sentence has mentioned “to try

out mindfulness find it hard to get started” which

indicates that people in corporate are willing to

try Mindfulness to overcome their challenges.

Thus, to make the sentence correct replace


‘reluctant with ‘eager’ which means ‘strongly

wanting to do or have something’ or something

similar in meaning with ‘eager’. Thus, option (d) becomes the most viable answer choice.

Cloze Test-10



numbered. These numbers are printed below

the passage and against each, five

words/phrases are suggested, one of which fits

the blank appropriately. Find out the

appropriate word/phrase in each case.

Scientists said on Wednesday they had I down

the oldest known lizard, a tiny creature that lived

about 240 million years ago when Earth had a

single continent and dinosaurs were brand new.

Scans of the fossilized skeleton of

Megachirella (2) the chameleon-sized reptile was

an ancestor of today’s lizards and snakes, which

belong to a group called squamates, an

international team (3) in the science journal

Nature. This finding (4) the group back in time

by 75 million years, and means that

“lizards (5) the planet since at least 240 million

years ago,” study co-author Tiago Simoes of the

University of Alberta in Canada said. That, in

turn, suggested that squamates had already split

from other ancient reptiles before the

Permian/Triassic mass extinction some 252

million years ago, and survived it. Up to 95% of

marine- and 75% of terrestrial life on earth was

lost. Megachirella, (6) some 20 years ago buried

in (7)sand and clay layers in the Dolomites

mountain range in northeast Italy, was initially

misclassified as a close lizard relative. But Mr.

Simoes had questions. “When I first saw the

fossil, I (8) it had important features that could

link it to the early evolution of lizards,” he said.

So, he hooked up with colleagues to perform a

more (9) analysis of the tiny skeleton, which

included CT scanning. The scans revealed

previously unseen physical features, including

the underside of the fossil, (10) in rock.

The team found a tiny bone in Megachirella’s

lower jaw that is unique to the squamate family.

Q.1

1. returned

2. tracked

3. grinded

4. deported

5. encouraged

Solution1: 2

: Option (b) is the correct choice. ‘Track down’ means to find something or someone after

looking for it, him, or her in a lot of different

places. All other given options doesn’t fit well in

the context.

Q.2

1. reverted

2. proofed

3. revealed

4. Recruited

5. concealed

Solution2:3

: Option (c) is the correct choice. Here the author talks about scans of the skeleton of an

animal and later describes about its

characteristics, so the word “revealed” fits the

best, as the scans will reveal something then only

anyone would know about the characteristics of

the animal. All other given options doesn’t fit

well in the context.

Q.3

1. resigned

2. replied

3. wrote

4. associated

5. Attributed

Solution3: 3

: Option (c) is the correct choice. “Wrote” is the word that fits the best here as the author talks


about a science journal Nature afterwards. So,

things are written in a science journal. All other

given options doesn’t fit well in the context.

Q.4

1. yelled

2. concerned

3. elaborated

4. trapped

5. dragged

Solution4: 5

: Option (e) is the correct choice. “Dragged” is the word that fits best in the context of the

passage as here the author talks about some

finding which took the research group several

million years back in the past. All other given

options doesn’t fit well in the context.

Q.5

1. inhabited

2. proclaimed

3. nurtured

4. derived

5. settled

Solution5:1

: Option (a) is the correct choice. Here the author is talking about a timeline since when the

lizards have lived on this planet,

so “inhabited” is the word that fits the best in the

context of the passage. All other given options

doesn’t fit well in the context.

Q.6

1. circulated

2. invented

3. overlooked

4. discovered

5. curtained

Solution6:4

: Option (d) is the correct choice. Here the author is talking about Megachirella, an ancestor

of lizard and we can see that the whole paragraph

is about the discovery of this species,

so “discovered” is the word that fits best in the

context of the passage. All other given options


Q.7

1. flattered

2. compacted

3. contended

4. abbreviated

5. scattered

Solution7:2

: Option (b) is the correct choice. “Compacted” is the word that fits best in the

context of the passage, as we know that the

species Megachirella was discovered through its

fossil and in fossils, usually skeletons are

compacted in layers of sand and clay. All other

given options doesn’t fit well in the context.

Q.8

1. puzzled

2. ignored

3. masked

4. accomplished

5. realized

Solution8:5

: Option (e) is the correct choice. “Realized” is the word that fits best in the context of the

passage, as you realize things (some feature) after

looking at something, as mentioned in the

passage. All other given options doesn’t fit well

in the context.

Q.9

1. obligated

2. unspecified

3. derailed

4. detailed

5. tarnished

Solution9:4

: Option (d) is the correct choice. “Detailed” is the word that fits best in the context of the

passage, as the scientists hooked up with his


colleagues to perform analysis on the skeleton to

gain detailed knowledge. All other given options


Q.10

1. embedded

2. established

3. detached

4. dislodged

5. dismantled

Solution10:1

: Option (a) is the correct choice. “Embedded” is the word that fits best in the

context of the passage. Embedded means fix (an

object) firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass.

Fossils are normally embedded in rocks when

they are found. All other given options doesn’t fit

well in the context.

Cloze Test-11



numbered and one word has been suggested

alongside the blank. These numbers are

printed below the passage and against each,

five options are given. Find out the

appropriate word which fits the blank

appropriately. If the word written alongside

the blank fits the passage, choose option ‘e’

(No correction required) as the correct

choice.

Man has always (1) tied on nature and

made (2)profession to learn from its principles.

Aeroplanes were inspired by birds, bullet trains

by the kingfisher, sonar by dolphins, and robots

were (3)confused to mimic humans themselves.

We often tend to look up to nature to find

solutions for simple yet (4) irrelevant problems.

One such example that has

been (5) considered by microbes and is proving

to be a solution for numerous problems is the

distributed ledger technology (DLT), popularly

known as blockchain. Blockchain has the

potential to (6) disrupt nearly every industry,

starting from financial institutions to

manufacturing, education and power. Its (7)

expectation can be understood by a recent

Gartner study that (8) estimates blockchain will

add $3.1 trillion in business value by

2030. Blockchain, which is a decentralized

ledger, records transactions (9) within two

parties in a (10) bounded manner without the

need for third-party authentication, thus creating

an extremely efficient process for situations

where stable data is involved.

Q1

1. pondered

2. considered

3. treasured

4. followed

5. no replacement required

Solution1:1

: In the paragraph an analogy has been

considered about how an individual always

seeks for answers form nature for his problems.

This phenomenon has been explained by the

author to describe the problems associated with

blockchain and the solutions to overcome them.

Therefore, to make the sentence of the paragraph

coherent, replace the word given in bole i.e.,

“tied” with “pondered”. ‘Pondered’ is a verb

which means to think about (something)

carefully, especially before making a decision or

reaching a conclusion. All the other words fail to

make the paragraph coherent. Hence, option (a) becomes the most suitable answer choice.

Q.2

1. fling

2. passivity

3. idleness

4. endeavours


Solution2:4


: Read the paragraph carefully. In order to make

the sentence of the paragraph coherent replace

the word given in bold i.e., “profession” with

“endeavours”. ‘Profession’ is used incorrectly as

it cannot be profession of anyone to study the

prinvciple of nature to solve one’s problems.

However, ‘Endeavours’ is used as a noun which

means an attempt to achieve a goal. All the other

words fail to replace the word given in bold.

Hence, option (d) becomes the most viable answer choice.

Fling means throw or hurl forcefully.

Passivity means acceptance of what happens,

without active response or resistance.

Q.3

1. studied

2. gained

3. designed

4. organised


Solution3:3

: As, the paragraph has mentioned about how

individuals look for their solutions from nature.

In the given sentence the author has given certain

examples as well comparing the innovations

made by humans with the nature. Thus, to make

the sentence comprehensive replace the word

given in bold with “designed”. All the other

words fail to replace the word given in bold to

make the sentence coherent. Hence, option (c) becomes the most suitable answer choice.

Q.4

1. lucid

2. older

3. complex

4. tangible


Solution4: 3

: After carefully reading the paragraph, it is to be

noted that the conjunction “yet” has been used to

describe the characteristics of the problem. ‘Yet’

is used to express a contradiction in the

statement. Since, the previous adjective is

“simple” the adjective that should be connected

along with the conjunction must be “complex” to

make the sentence grammatically correct and

contextually meaningful. All the other words are

irrelevant with the context of the paragraph.

Hence, option (c) becomes the most feasible answer choice.

Q.5

1. inspired

2. created

3. built

4. assured


Solution5:1

: The paragraph has provided several examples

comparing the problems and solutions between

humans and nature. Therefore, the most suitable

word that fits the blank is “inspired” as the author

has compared microbes with DLT or blockchain.

None other word replaces the given word in bold

to make the sentence grammatically correct or

contextually meaningful. Hence, option (a) becomes the most suitable answer choice.

Q.6

1. enlighten

2. support

3. appease

4. arrange


Solution6:5

: The word given in bold is absolutely correct

and provide complete coherence to the theme of

the paragraph. It does not require any corrections

or replacement. Hence, option (e) becomes the most suitable answer choice.


Q.7

1. desire

2. weakness

3. commencement

4. relevance


Solution7:4

: The most suitable word to replace the given in

bold in order to make the context of the

paragraph comprehensive is “relevance”.

‘Relevance’ is a noun which means the quality or

state of being closely connected or appropriate.

All the other words fail to make the paragraph


meaningful. Hence, option (d) becomes the most suitable answer choice.

Q.8

1. corrects

2. actions

3. gathers

4. collects


Solution8:5

: The word given in bold is absolutely correct

and provide complete coherence to the theme of

the paragraph. It does not require any corrections

or replacement. Hence, option (e) becomes the most suitable answer choice.

Q.9

1. with

2. between

3. among

4. over


Solution9: 2

: Read the sentence of the paragraph carefully.

Since the sentence mentions about the

transaction being recorded between the two

parties, therefore, the appropriate preposition to

be used is “between”. It is to be noted that

between is used when naming distinct,

individual items (can be 2, 3, or more) while

among is used when the items are part of a group,

or are not specifically named (must be 3 or more).

Hence, option (b) becomes the most suitable answer choice.

Q.10

1. perpetual

2. disturbing

3. muddled

4. disordered


Solution10: 1

: Since, the paragraph is describing about several

benefits of the blockchain. The word that

appropriately fills the blank has to be of a

positive note. ‘Perpetual’ is and adjective which

means occurring repeatedly; so frequent as to

seem endless and uninterrupted. All the other

words fail to replace the word given in bold.

Hence, option (a) becomes the most viable answer choice.

Muddled means not arranged in order; untidy.

Disordered means disrupt the systematic

functioning or neat arrangement of.

today vocabulary vigilance noun action or state of keeping ......vigilance (noun) = the action or...

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