TODAYINTERNET ADDRESSINGINTERNET PROTOCOL V6LAB 9: CONFIGURE DNS SERVER

IPV6 Referred to as a “classless IP addressing

scheme” because there is no need for a subnet mask

Developed to overcome a possible shortage of available IP addresses

Used by all modern operating systems, but not fully implemented

IPV6 ADVANTAGES Increases the number of available IP

addresses Reduces broadcast traffic Improves security Provides better quality of service than IPv4 (Delivers certain packets in a timely fashion)

packets containing video or audio do not have delays

IPv6 uses fewer packets to achieve the same results as IPV4

Supports Neighbor Discovery – identifies network devices automatically.

IPV6 TOPOGRAPHY TERMINOLOGY

Global address, - a unique internet address assigned by the IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

link-local – a portion of an organizations network

unique-local network entire organizations' network

TYPES OF IPV6 ADDRESSES Unicast address -Delivers packets to a single

network address Global unicast address Link-local unicast Site-local Unique-local unicast Special

Mulitcast address – delivers packets to multiple address AKA (many to one)

Anycast address – delivers packets to the nearest interface(supports router functions)

GLOBAL UNICAST ADDRESS Similar to an IPv4 registered address Scope is the entire Internet and local

area network Starts with 2000: or is written as 2000:/3

LINK-LOCAL UNICAST IPV6 ADDRESS Used to communicate on the local area

network Will not be forwarded by a router Serves the same function as an IPv4 APIPA

address Always starts with FE80 or FE80::64 Required for the Network Discovery feature

UNIQUE-LOCAL UNICAST IPV6 ADDRESS

Replacement for site-local unicast address Represents the entire network or just a

portion Can also represent multiple locations as long

as the locations are part of the same network Prefixed with FC00

SITE-LOCAL UNICAST IPV6 ADDRESS

Serves the same function as an IPv4 private address

Prefixed with FEC0 or FEC0::/10 Not routable beyond the local area network Routable between local-link section of the

local area network

LOOPBACK ADDRESS Is the reserved IP address for the NIC. It is

used to test if an IP address of the NIC is functioning properly.

IPv6 loopback address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1

IPv4 loopback address 127.0.0.1

IPv6 unspecified address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 or :: eliminates fields containing all 0’s

Equivalent to IPv4 address 0.0.0.0

LOCAL-USE ADDRESS ZONE IDS Used to indicate zones or geographical areas

of a network Geographical area can span one or more link-

local sections of a lesser part of a site-local section

Zone IDs are located at the end of an IPv6 address and are indicated by a percent sign followed by a number: %10

6 TO 4 Supports network-to-network

communications between routers Solves compatibility issues between

IPv4 and IPv6 Unicast 6 to 4 address starts with global site

prefix “2002”Global_site_prefix:Subnet_ID:Interface_I

D2002::86AF:1B0A

INTRA-SITE AUTOMATIC TUNNELING ADDRESS PROTOCOL (ISATAP)

Designed to tunnel IPv6 addresses inside IPv4 packets at the data link layer.

Is a node-to-node and node-to-router technology

Used for IPv4 network devices to eliminate the need to upgrade.

Supports Neighbor Discovery Uses the ICMPv6 protocol to discover routers Implemented Windows XP and later

operating systems

TEREDO Configured by default in Windows Vista and

Windows 7 Used when ISATAP cannot be used Functions as a (Network Address Translator) Converts IPv4 public address to one or

more private addresses Does not require 6to4-enabled router that

connects to Internet

BROADCAST AND MULTICAST ADDRESSES

Broadcast sends packets to all network addresses

Multicast sends packets to a specific set of addresses

IPv6 uses only multicast addresses IPv4 uses both Multicast is used for topology discovery,

gateway discovery, and group discovery

IPV6 LIFETIMES IPv6 addresses configured with two lifetime

values Valid lifetime – typically 1 week Preferred lifetime – 1 day

Valid lifetime value is validated by a router IPv6 address with a valid lifetime value can

send and receive unicast messages Preferred lifetime value time and interface

can start a new communications session

IPV4 AND IPV6 COMPARISON

TCP/IP TROUBLESHOOTING UTILITIESTCP/IP Utility

Function When to Use

netstat Displays current TCP/IP and port statistics To determine network problems, monitor connections, and check for open ports

nbtstat Displays NetBIOS over TCP statistics To see a list of computers currently connected to the network

ping Sends a packet from one host to another and then echoes a return reply

To quickly check the state of network media between two hosts

tracert or traceroute

Sends a packet from one host to another and gathers statistics and information along the way

To troubleshoot the path to a distant destination

arp Maps the host MAC address to the host IP address

To verify IP address and MAC address assignments

nslookup Resolves domain names to IP addresses To find information about domain names and IP addresses

IN CLASS LAB 9

Labsim 5.3.4 Configure IP DNS Server (5 points)

NEXT CLASS

TCP/IP TroubleshootingExam 3 Review LabSim homework: 5.4-5.4.7