Today:

1.  ITRS roadmap and scaling. 2.  Moore’s Law. 3.  CMOS process. 4.  BJT process. 5.  TFT process.

Tech. Progress over years

(From 1995)

Fab cost over years

ITRS Roadmap

http://www.itrs.net/

ITRS Roadmap

ITRS Roadmap

Moore’s Law

  Gordon Moore, in an original paper in 1965, followed by others till 1969, observed that: -  Number of transistors on IC’s is doubling every two

years.

  Two important points: -  Is not really a “law”, more an empirical observation. -  Has become a self-fulfilling prophecy in many ways.

  Technical analysis of scaling suggests that the technology nodes are now being chosen by vendors to satisfy Moore’s law.

Moore’s law (cont’d)

G.E. Moore, 1965

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law

Moore’s law (cont’d)

For hard-drives

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law

For digital cameras

Reading List

  ITRS Roadmap. -  Download the 2008_Update.pdf file from

http://www.itrs.net/   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law   Papers.

-  Original Gordon Moore paper published in 1965. -  J.D. Meindl, IEEE IEDM Conf, 1983. -  J.D. Meindl, Proc. IEEE, 2001. -  J.D. Meindl, IEEE Micro, 2003.

The basic planar process

CMOS Process Steps

Achuthan & Bhat

Metal-gate MOSFET

CMOS Process Steps

Achuthan & Bhat

Self-aligned gate MOSFET

A CMOS inverter Mask view

Layout view

(From Magic layout tool examples)

Circuit view

BJT Process Steps

Achuthan & Bhat

P-base

Lightly doped 10um n+ Epi layer grown on 300um n+ wafer

Heavily-doped Collector region

Lightly doped collector region

Discrete BJT

BJT Layout

TFT LCD (my Macbook Pro) 200x  60x  

60x  

Transflec.ve  TFT  LCD  

TFT LCD (my Macbook Pro) Green  region  White  region   Q:  Par.ally  on  or  leaking  light?  

TFT LCD (my Macbook Pro) 60x  

TFT LCD (my Macbook Pro)

Sequence  of  pictures  while  adjus.ng  focus  downwards  

60x  

LCD screen of my Blackberry (ca 2005) Q:  Is  this  AM  (ac.ve  matrix)  LCD  or  not?  

Backlight  off   Backlight  on  

Structure of a TFTLCD

http://www.plasma.com/classroom/what_is_tft_lcd.htm