today: circulation and respiration exam 2 t 4/5 in class (bring cheat sheet) take-home 2 due 4/5 in...
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Today:Circulation and Respiration
Exam 2 T 4/5 in class (bring cheat sheet)Take-home 2 due 4/5 in class
Sources of transported material
B-cells, T-cells, antibodies, nutrients, waste, O2, CO
2, water,
minerals, etc must be transported throughout the body
Fig42.17
Fig 42.6
B-cells, T-cells, antibodies, nutrients, waste, O
2,
CO2, water,
minerals, etc must be transported throughout the body
Fig 42.6
Humans have two ciculatory circuits: pulmonary and systemic
Fig42.10
Blood flows from arteries to capillaries to veins
Capillaries provide the large surface area required for these exchanges to take place.
Fig 42.11
Blood pressure changes as the blood moves from arteries to capillaries
Fig 42.16
This change in pressure causes fluid to leak out of the capillaries
Highpressure,Fluid forced out
Blood in vein,More viscous
Interstitial fluid,Recovered by…
Fig 42.16
Not all of the fluid (~15%) is reabsorbed on the venous side. This interstitial fluid is collected by the lymphatic system.
Lymphatic system
Fig 43.7
The lymphatic system collects interstitial fluid from the body and returns the fluid to the blood as the blood is reentering the heart
Lymphvessel
Fig 41.16
Fats and lipids move through the lymphatic system, whichreturns fluid to blooddirectly beforeheart
Lymphvessel
smallintestine
Fig 41.16
Fig 42.14
Because of the low pressure in veins and lymph vessels, movement of these fluids comes from skeletal muscles movements.
The human circulatory
system is both open and closed
Fig 42.3
Fig 42.3
The human circulatory system is both open and closed
The human circulatory
system is both open and closed
Fig 42.3
Nutrients, Waste, O
2,
CO2, Water,
Minerals, etc must be transported throughout the body
CO2 + H2O C6H1206 + O2
CO2 + H2OC6H1206 + O2
light
sugar
sugar
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
ATP
energy
ADP
Nutrients, Waste, O
2,
CO2, Water,
Minerals, etc must be transported throughout the body
Fig 42.28
Gases move by diffusion:Only from high to low concentration
hemoglobin
Hb is carriedinside red blood cells Hemoglobin
(a protein) carries oxygen in the blood
Fig 42.24
The Respiratory System:large surface area to maximize gas exchange
~100m2 in humans
Fig 42.24
Gas exchange occurs in alveoli
In the lungs, O2 diffuses into the blood, and
CO2 diffuses out into the lungs.
How is oxygen delivered to where it is needed?
By adjusting blood flow…
Fig 42.15
Fig 42.30By changes in blood pH
CellBlood
Lung
CO2
O2Cellular
Respiration
Hb in RBC
CO2
O2
Hb in RBC
Low CO2
High O2
Fig 42.30
O2
O2
CellBlood
Lung
CO2
O2Cellular
Respiration
Hb in RBC
CO2
O2
Hb in RBC
Low CO2
High O2
CO2+H
2O
=H2CO
3(carbonic acid)
(lesscarbonic acid)
Fig 42.30
O2
O2
Fig 42.29b
Changes in blood pH, change binding affinity of hemoglobin
CellBlood
Lung
CO2
O2Cellular
Respiration
Hb releases
O2 at lower pH
CO2
O2Hb can
bind O2
Low CO2
High O2
CO2+H
2O
=H2CO
3(carbonic acid)
(lesscarbonic acid)
Fig 42.30
O2
O2
Exam 2 T 4/5 in class (bring cheat sheet)Take-home 2 due 4/5 in class