today and wednesday – muscles! how muscles work – in general muscles that move the mandible...
Post on 19-Dec-2015
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Today and Wednesday – muscles!
• how muscles work – in general• muscles that move the mandible• abdominal wall muscles
• anterior and posterior• inferior and superior• inguinal hernia’s
• muscles that move the humerus and scapula• rotator cuff tears, impingement syndrome
• muscles that move the femur• sprains, strains and “Charley horse”
• muscles that move the foot• shin splints, anterior compartment syndrome• Achilles tendon injuries
skeletal cardiac smooth
Tendon
Deep fascia
EpimysiumEpi = upon, above
PerimysiumPeri = around
EndomysiumEndo = within
Connective tissue wrappings of skeletal muscle
Myo, mys = muscle
1 muscle fiber = 1 muscle cellMuscle cells are multinucleated
Working outAtrophy & agingSteroids
Bellies
Insertion
Insertion
Origins Origins
Muscle attachments
Ligaments: bone to boneTendons: muscle to bone
Direct vs Indirect attachment
Aponeurosis
Muscle to skinMuscle to muscle via tendon sheet
Synaptic vesiclescontaining Ach (acetylcholine)
Motor endplate
Calcium + ATP = muscle contractionLow blood Ca and muscle
Neurotoxins• botulism• curare• tetanus toxin
Neuromuscular junction
Attachments:• Proximal• Distal
• Direct• Indirect
Muscle actions:• agonist• antagonist• synergist• fixator
Biceps brachiiBrachialisTriceps brachii
Extending your knee
• Extend your knee a few times• Where are the agonist muscles that extend
your knee?• Which joint do they cross?• When you extend you knee, where are the
antagonist muscles located?
Quadriceps = agonists Hamstrings = antagonists
Mandibular fossa
1. Depress & elevate2. Medial & lateral excursion3. Protraction & retraction
Moving the mandible
Temporalis
Masseter
• attachments• actions
Muscles that move the mandible
Medial pterygoid Lateral pterygoid
• attachments• actions
Depress mandible• gravity• digastric muscle• geniohyoid & mylohyoid• when hyoid is fixed
Temporalismassater
Medial pterygoidLateral pterygoid
MylohyoidDigastric
Rectus abdominus
External oblique
Those flashy “core” muscles
OverdevelopedPectoralis major
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
• Attachments• Actions
Muscles that move (and protect) the abdomen/trunk
ABC
D Rectus sheath(aponeurosis)
Linea alba
Abdominal wall• abdominal muscles• back muscles
• quadratus lumborum• Psoas (iliopsoas)
• diaphragm• pelvic diaphragm• “holes” in the wall
• hernia (hiatal) • congenital or acquired
Spermatic cord
Inguinal canal – men & womenintestines
Parietal peritoneum
scrotum
Inguinal hernia
1. Name the 4 layers of connective tissue that wrap around skeletal muscles.
2. Which ones are continuous with a tendon?
3. Botox (botulinum toxin) works by blocking the release of ACh at the neuromuscular junction. How does this help with:
• crossed eyes• uncontrolled blinking • those pesky forehead wrinkles
1. Location of shoulder muscles2. Which joints do these muscles cross?
Muscle that move the humerus and scapula
3. What movements do these muscle perform?
• attachments• actions (on humerus)
• abduct (lateral fibers)• flex, medially rotate (anterior fibers)• extend, laterally rotate (posterior fibers)
Deltoid
• attachments• actions
• flexion (agonist)• adduction• medial rotation• elevate ribs
Subscapularis• medially rotate
Supraspinatus• abduct
Infraspinatus•Extend•Laterally rotate
Teres minor• adduct• laterally rotate
4 Rotator cuff muscles
Scapula movers & stabilizers
Levator scapulae• elevate scapula• flex neck
Rhomboids• retract• elevate• fix scapula• rotate downward
Trapezius• elevate, rotate upward (S)• retract (M)• depress (I)• extend neck• flex laterally (one trap)
TrapeziusRhomboidsDeltoidTeres majorTricepsLatissimus dorsi
SupraspinatusInfraspinatusSubscapularis Levator scapulae
Impingement syndrome
Rotator cuff tears
1. Location of hip and thigh muscles2. Which joints do these muscles cross?
Muscles that move the femur
3. What kind of movements do these muscle perform?
Iliopsoas• flex hip
Adductors• adduct femur• flex hip• flex knee• (lateral rotation)
Lateral rotators• piriformis• obturator externus
Groin pull
TensorFasciaeLatae (TFL)• flex• abduct• med. rot
Rectus Femoris• flex hip• extend knee Vastus lateralis
vastus intermediusVastus medialis• extend knee
• Charley horse• patella tracking
Patellar tendon
Iliotibial Band (IT band)
G. MaximusTensor Fasciae Latae• flex femur• abducts femur• medially rotates femur• stabilizes knee
G. minimus
piriformis
G. Medius
G. Maximus
Gluts: extend, abduct, laterally rotates femurPiriformis: abduct, laterally rotates femur
Hamstring group: flex knee, extend hip
Muscle strains from quick extensions
Anterior
Posterior
Muscle compartments of the thigh
medial
anterior
posterior
Compartments:• each wrapped with deep fasciae• each has own nerve & blood supply• compartment syndrome
IliopsoasTFLSartorius
Adductorsquads Glut max & medius
hamstringsPiriformisSciatic nerve
Achilles tendon
calcaneus
gastrocnemiusAttachments of the gastrocnemiusAttachments of the soleus
Actions of the gastrocnemius1. Flex the knee2. Plantarflex the foot
Actions of the soleus1. Plantarflex the foot
Ruptured Achilles tendonPulled calf muscle
Tibialis Anterior
Tibialis anterior
AttachmentsActions
1. Dorsiflex ankle2. Invert foot3. Support arch
Shin splintsCompartment syndrome
1. Agonist of elbow extension?
2. A strained biceps brachii would result in pain when ____.
3. When viscera protrude through a weak point in the diaphragm, what is that condition called (be specific).
4. In a male, what passes through the inguinal canal?
5. Name one muscle that moves the mandible laterally.