The Hanover WaterWorks Company, Inc.Established 1892 Fall 2003

YESTERDAY

TODAY

andTOMORROW

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The original plans for the gravity flow water systemimpounded water from Camp Brook into the presentFletcher Reservoir. A series of cast iron pipes formedthe distribution system, and fire hydrants were placedin the downtown area. The first Directors of TheHanover Water Works Company inspected the systemin the fall of 1893. On November 19, 1893, the firstwater was sent to town through the new system.

Building the First Reservoir

Inspecting theSystem

YESTERDAY The Original Water System

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The Hanover Water WorksCompany was establishedin 1892 to create andoperate Hanover’s water

system. The original well dug in1770 and springs near the presentHanover Public Works Departmentcould not meet the demand of thetimes. A series of disastrous fires,including the Hanover Inn fire,forced the Town and DartmouthCollege into action.

In 1887, the New HampshireLegislature authorizedthe Hanover VillagePrecinct, to raise nomore than $20,000 to implement the plans drawn up by Professor CharlesH. Pettee. In 1892, the Trustees ofDartmouth College authorized anadditional $25,000 for the projectand The Hanover Water WorksCompany was born. When the Company was organized, the VillagePrecinct, now the Town of Hanover,owned 732 shares of stock, andDartmouth College owned 818shares. The same ratio of ownershipremains today.

Laying the Foundation

1887

A series of disastrousfires, including theHanover Inn fire,forced the Town andDartmouth Collegeinto action.

1892

Plans were drawn fora gravity flow systemand The HanoverWater Company was formed in 1892.

1893

The original damwas constructed byman and horsepower.

1893

When the dam wascompleted a cast iron distribution system was laid.

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YESTERDAY Improvements to Meet Demand

Replacing and Upgrading the Mains

Building the NewDisinfection System

But was the water safe? In 1955, the Company used continuous chlorination in the system. In 1958,fluoridation was added to the system. In 1993, the Company constructed a new disinfection systemutilizing chlorine dioxide treatment. In 1998, The Hanover Water Works Company was awarded a $4 million low interest loan to upgrade mains and for the construction of a new 800,000-gallon storagetank to provide a uniform flow of treated water andimprove the overall operation of the water system.

Atyphoid fever scare in1903 alarmed local officials. Was the watersupply safe? In

response, The Hanover WaterWorks Company followed the recommendation ofthe day to purchasethe entire water-shed and end allhuman activity, including fishing,within the watershed.

Improvements continued overthe years. As demand for watergrew, the Company constructed the second reservoir, the ParkerReservoir, on Camp Brook in 1924.This added 150,000,000 gallons of water to the system. Growth continued, and in 1954, theFletcher Reservoir dam was raisedincreasing the impounded water inthe system to 425,000,000 gallons.In 1962, a third reservoir was constructed increasing the watershed to 1,400 acres and the impounded water storage to 520,000,000 gallons.

1954The existing dam atFletcher Reservoirwas raised to increasethe impounded waterto 425 million gallons.

1962A third reservoir was constructed on a tributary of MinkBrook in HanoverCenter and increasedimpounded water to over 519 milliongallons.

1993Construction beganon a new disinfectionsystem utilizing a chlorine dioxidetreatment process.

2001A new 800,000 gallon storage tankprovides uniformflow of treated water. 4

Raising the Dam

The Hanover Water WorksCompany in 2003

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TODAY State of the System

Current State of a Pipe Installed in 1893

Recent preventative maintenance has includedannual flushing, valve replacement, painting the storage tanks, pump station upgrades, and service line replacement. Recognizing the age of the pipesand the accumulation of deposits, many larger castiron pipes in the system have been cleaned and lined with concrete to both remove and prevent furtheraccumulation of deposits. Each year stretches of cast iron pipe have been replaced with lined pipe. The plan is to replace all unlined pipe.

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Today, The HanoverWater Works Companyserves approximately1725 metered customers

including multi-family residences,industries, commercial and institutional users. The average daily

flow has been 1.1million gallons per day with usage doubling to 2.1million gallons perday in the summer

months. Not surprisingly, DartmouthCollege is the Company’s largestcustomer, accounting for about 50%of the water used. The Company,with staff contracted from the Townof Hanover, monitors the watershed;operates and maintains two pumpingstations and three storage tanks; services mains, valves, and hydrants;reads meters; oversees the treatment system; manages budgets; overseesengineering studies; and answerscustomer’s concerns.

System Size:

•Miles of water main: 48•Percentage of original1893 water main: 20%

•Acres of watershed: 2,500•Number of hydrants: 283•Number of valves: 362•Miles of fencing: 16

Capacity:

•Total reservoir capacity:520,000,000 gallons

•Number of reservoirs: 3•Number of pumping stations: 2

•Number of storagetanks: 3

•Storage tank capacity: Balch Hill: 400,000 gallons,Greensboro Road:300,000 gallons,Sand Hill: 800,000 gallons

Usage:

•Number of customers:1725 ±

•Average daily usage:952,000 gallons

•Average annual residential bill: $273

•Average annualstatewide bill: $305

•Boundaries of servicearea: North to Kendal at Hanover; outGreensboro Road including Great Hollow;south to Lebanon boundary

Ownership of Company:

Dartmouth College: 52.8%Town of Hanover: 47.2%

Testing:

Twice monthly for bacteria

“We’ve dodged the bullet for a number of years.

Now’s the time to upgrade the system and bring

the water company into the 21st century.”

– Bill Boyle, MD,Health Officer for Town

of Hanover, Board Member of The Hanover

Water Works Company

Current Chlorine Dioxide Treatment Facility

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TODAY Demand for Clean Water

pipes into the water. Flushing the pipes helps alleviate loose deposits, but older pipes are caked with years of deposits.

The water is considered clean by today’s stringentrequirements for avoiding filtration because chlorinedioxide kills the bacteria. However, the water can stillbe cloudy and murky with an unpleasant smell andtaste. This is especially noticable in the fall and spring.This can only be resolved with a filtration system.

“What people are drinking is basically disinfected pond water.” – Jack Nelson, President,

The Hanover Water Works Company

If the water is clean, why does it sometimes look, smell,and taste so bad?

The source of the water, the current treatment method, and the age of the distribution system all contribute to aesthetic complaints about the water.

The source of thewater consists ofthree reservoirswithin the water-shed area. Thesereservoirs areprotected ponds complete withfish, animals,

microorganisms, and sediment. The reservoir water is brought

into the system for treatment.Fluoride is added to help promotestrong teeth. Sodium carbonate(soda ash) raises the pH of thewater and helps prevent leaching of lead and copper from householdplumbing. Chlorine dioxide is used to disinfect the water prior toentering the distribution system.The chlorine dioxide kills bacteriaand viruses (microorganisms) thatmay be present in the water, makingit safe for people to drink.

The clean water is routedthrough the distribution system tohomes and businesses. Pipes in thesystem have accumulated iron rich,organic rich deposits. Chlorinedioxide, used to treat the water,leaches these deposits from the

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TOMORROW Plans for the Future

An Example of a Membrane Filtration System

from the pipes. Over time and with continued atten-tion, Hanover’s water quality will improve dramatically.

Preventative maintenance, plus replacement andupgrades of the current system are only part of thepuzzle. The future system must also respond tochanges in regulations and potential new hazards.

The Hanover Water Works Company is implementinga $7-million-dollar capital improvement plan to bringthe water system into the 21st century and address thedemands of our customers now and in the future.

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While the water qualitymeets the stringentrequirements setforth in the Surface

Water Treatment Rule (the conditionsfor not filtering a surface watersource), The Hanover Water WorksCompany recognizes the need forfiltration. In October of 2001, a contract was signed to perform a water treatment facilities study.During the summer of 2002, a pilot study was conducted using a membrane filtration technologythat offers several advantages. Themembrane filters the sediments,iron, and manganese that add color,taste, and odor to the water. Thistype of filtration also adds a positiveprotection barrier from giardia andcryptosporidium (two water-bornemicroorganisms that can causeintestinal illness). Filtration alsoreduces the need for chemicals in the treatment of the water.

Filtration is the first step in controlling the aesthetic quality of the water delivered. In addition, several years of flushing and linereplacement will also be needed to remove accumulated sediments

“We want to improve the water quality to meet future regulations and to satisfy our customers.”

– Peter Kulbacki, Director of Public Works,

Town of Hanover