today… 1. buckland and meadow on information 2. what is a document? 3. definitions for...
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Today…
1. Buckland and Meadow on information
2. What is a document?
3. Definitions for "document"– object
4. Our context, inls150/LIS
5. Representation– work/item
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Today…
1. Buckland and Meadow on information
2. What is a document?
3. Definitions for "document"– object
4. Our context, inls150/LIS
5. Representation– work/item
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?
• Do Meadow and Buckland agree on their definition of Information?
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Four Aspects of Information (Buckland)
Entity IntangibleInformation as Knowledge
TangibleInformation as a thingData, document, recorded knowledge
Process Information as a process
Information, data, document processingKnowledge engineering
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Today…
1. Buckland and Meadow on information
2. What is a document?
3. Definitions for "document"– object
4. Our context, inls150/LIS
5. Representation– work/item
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Is this a document?
Duchamp, Marcel “Bicycle Wheel” 1913, (1964 version)
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Information Objects
Print (Physical) / Digital (Electronic)Linear (flat) / HypertextStatic / DynamicDurable / EphemeralAtomic / Complex
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• Simple/Atomic, familiar document types
Complex, compound, dynamic document types
What is a document?
Adapted from: http://www2.cs.cornell.edu/payette/fedora/ecdl98.ppt
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Document (Briet)
Object Star in the sky Photo of star Stone in the River Stone in museum Animal in the wild Animal in the zoo
Document? NO YES ? ? ? ?
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Today…
1. Buckland and Meadow on information
2. What is a document?
3. Definitions for "document"– object
4. Our context, inls150/LIS
5. Representation– work/item
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What is a Document? A Terminology Issue
Information objectInformation object– Document
– Information resource
– Information bearing entity
– Bibliographic entity• Exist in the world of recorded
knowledge…
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Information Objects, W3C W3C/IETF definition of resource is
“…anything that has identity. Familiar examples include an electronic document, an image, a service (e.g., "today's weather report for Los Angeles"), and a collection of other resources. Not all resources are network "retrievable"; e.g., human beings, corporations, and bound books in a library can also be considered resources.”
i.e. a resource is “anything”– physical things (books, cars, people)– digital things (Web pages, digital images)– conceptual things (colours,
points in time, subjects)
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Information Objects
“Any entity, form or mode for which contextual data can be recorded” (Greenberg, 2002, 2003)
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Information Objects
Is our conception too wide, vague, ambiguous?
– DCMI (Dublin Core Metadata Initiative) Type Vocabulary: Collection, Dataset, Event, Image (Still or Moving), Interactive Resource, Service, Software, Sound, Text, Physical Object
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Today…
1. Buckland and Meadow on information
2. What is a document?
3. Definitions for "document"– object
4. Our context, inls150/LIS
5. Representation– work/item
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Our context…(inls 150, and our field)
Information systems contain documents (objects)
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What kinds things might we represent in information systems?
Concrete things: books, documents, movie clip, map
Persons: role, doctor, student, taxpayer Events: accident, birth date, divorce Transactions: sale of item (purchase) Other?
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Information Systems
DatabasesInventoriesCatalogs, indexesThesauri
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Today…
1. Buckland and Meadow on information
2. What is a document?
3. Definitions for "document"– object
4. Our context, inls150/LIS
5. Representation– work/item
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Representation
Description, stand-in, surrogate
--------------------------------------- Knowledge Representation:
http://groups.csail.mit.edu/medg/ftp/psz/k-rep.html AI: http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/html/repr.html
HTML: http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/charset.html
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Representing objects in Information SystemsYou can recognize it as a discrete
object (entity)– Even if it is a complex or compound
objectYou can name it by applying labels
(attributes and values to attributes)You can manipulate itYou can describe it
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Representation Devices and means
– Icons, images, graphs, symbols, numbers, words, strings, descriptions
• Content (conceptual meaning)– Aboutness
» Subject content
• Carrier (packaging) – Physical representation– Models, measurements, strings, bytes, etc.
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Representation Terminology
Element = Attribute + Value.
Attribute (property of the object).– Who-what-where-when-why.
• Photographer (person/agency), title, place of , date.
Value (content associated to the attribute).• NASA Photographic Services, Shuttle
Columbia, Kennedy Space Center in Florida, January, 2003.
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What Makes a Good Representation?
Captures essential elements Never the same as the thing being
represented (abstraction) [surrogates] Get the abstraction right (accurate
representation) Appropriate for the person / audience Appropriate for the task / function
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S. R. Ranganathan’sDocument
Intellectual entity
Work =
Expressed thought
Physical entity
Item=
Embodied thought
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Patrick Wilson
Intellectual entity
Work = Subject terminology Classification notation
(inls150, classification)
Physical entity
Item = Date Size Title(inls150,representation)
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Work, expression, manifestation, item
IFLA FRBR (Functional Requirement for a Bibliographic Record)
Work, Expression, Manifestation, Itemhttp://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm
– w1 Gone with the Wind (motion picture)
• e1 the original English language version
• e2 the original with French subtitles added
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Work, expression, manifestation, itemw1Rolling Stones’ IT'S ONLY ROCK-N –
ROLL (1974)– e1 the groups performance recorded for
the album• m1 the recording released in 1974 by MCA
Records on tape cassette
• m2 the recording released in 1974 by MCA Records on compact disc
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Work, expression, manifestation, itemw1 Jean Jolivet's Vraie description
des Gaules.... e1 the cartographer's original rendering
• m1 the map issued in 1570 – i1 a copy in the Département des Cartes et
plans at the Bibliothèque nationale in Paris
• m2 a facsimile reproduction published in 1974 by Hier et demain
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FRBR diagram
Work, the Performance (1974)
E: Music and lyrics
E: Music (just the instruments)
M: CD, RCA, 2005
M: RS, LP 1974
M: 8-track, RCA, 1975
I: My CD, RCA, 2005 c.2
I: Your CD, RCA, 2005 c.1
I: UNC Musllib.CD, RCA, 2005 c.3
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Dublin Core Elements
Title Author or Creator Subject and Keywords Description Publisher Other Contributor Date Resource Type
Format Resource Identifier Source Language Relation Coverage Rights Management
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Process and Goals Goals for Organizing Information in an information system
Information is out there or being/will be created…
Identify 3-5 steps in the information organization process.
List 3-5 goals or objectives of your information systems once it’s organized.
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Process
Identify– Identify what you are going to organize– Different scenarios.
Collect– Get it. Different means.
Provide Access– Representation/description, indexing, etc.
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Goals: Allow the user to
Find information when it is known.Discover new information.Evaluate information as to its use.Retrieve/Locate the information