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Foldables
Standardized Test Practice
Chapter ResourcesChapter Resources
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Chapter Review Questions
Chapter Summary
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Click on individual thumbnail images to view larger versions.
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To transfer images to your own power point follow the following steps:
• Open the “Resource” file from the CD-ROM disc – view the file in the “normal view” or “slide sorter view” mode - go to slide #2 – from there you can click through the images and follow these instructions. Click once on the image.
• Copy the image
• Go to your own power point document
• Paste the image.
Transfer Images
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Nail
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Oxygen Tanks
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Glass of Water
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Scuba Diver
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Pressure in all Directions
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Atmospheric Pressure
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Barometer
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Buoyant Force
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Buoyant Force and Shape
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Cubes
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Floating and Density
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Boat and Cube
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Airplane Taking Off
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Pushing on a Fluid
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Hydraulic Systems
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Pressure in a Moving Fluid
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Chimneys and Bernoulli’s Principal
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Hurricane Damage
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Airplane Wing
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Airplane
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FoldablesFoldables
Scientific Processes
Make the following Foldable to help identify what you already know, what you want to know, and what you learned about science.
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FoldablesFoldables
Fold one sheet of paper lengthwise.
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FoldablesFoldables
Fold into thirds.
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FoldablesFoldables
Unfold and draw overlapping ovals. Cut the top sheet along the folds.
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FoldablesFoldables
Label the ovals as shown.
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FoldablesFoldables
As you read the chapter, list the characteristics of liquids under the left tab, those characteristics of gases under the right tab, and those characteristics common to both under the middle tab.
Construct a Venn Diagram
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• Pressure equals force divided by area.
Pressure
• Liquids and gases are fluids that flow.
11Reviewing Main IdeasReviewing Main Ideas
• Pressure increases with depth and decreases with elevation in a fluid.
• The pressure exerted by a fluid on a surface is always perpendicular to the surface.
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• A buoyant force is an upward force exerted on all objects placed in a fluid.
Why do objects float?
• The buoyant force depends on the shape of the object.
22Reviewing Main IdeasReviewing Main Ideas
• According to Archimedes’ principle, the buoyant force on the object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
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Why do objects float?22
Reviewing Main IdeasReviewing Main Ideas
• An object floats when the buoyant force exerted by the fluid is equal to the object’s weight.
• An object will float if it is less dense than the fluid it is placed in.
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• Pascal’s principle stated that the pressure applied at any point to a confined fluid is transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid.
Doing Work with Fluids
• Bernoulli’s principle states that when the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases.
33Reviewing Main IdeasReviewing Main Ideas
• A wing provides lift by forcing air downward.
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Question 1
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Explain why a fire in your fireplace will smoke more strongly on a windy day.
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Answer
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
The wind causes the pressure outside the chimney to be less than the pressure inside the house, thus drawing the smoke up and out faster.
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Question 2
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Why does the cube in this illustration sink while the boat, which is larger, floats?
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Answer
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
The boat displaces more water because of its shape. Therefore the boat floats, but the cube sinks.
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Question 3
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Any object with a density greater than the fluid it’s placed in will _______.
AnswerThe answer is sink. Conversely, any object with a density less than the fluid it’s placed in will float.
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Question 4
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
A ship will float when its _______ is great enough to make its density less than the water’s.
A. buoyant force B. massC. pressureD. volume
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Answer
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
The answer is D. Anything less dense than water will float, no matter how massive it is.
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Question 5
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Suppose you put a toy boat in a bathtub and find that it floats. Next you put in a lead block that is the exact same size and shape as the toy boat, but solid throughout. Why won’t it float?
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Answer
Chapter ReviewChapter Review
The shape is only part of the reason. The lead block will sink because, though its volume would be the same as a floating boat’s, its density will be greater, and far greater than water’s density.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Question 1
When you increase the surface area in contact with a fluid, you _______ the buoyant force on the object.
A. decreaseB. increaseC. maintainD. negate
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. This is why a thin sheet of aluminum foil will float, but the same sheet balled up will sink.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Question 2
During hurricanes or other high-wind events, windows in houses sometimes shatter _______.
A. downwardB. inwardC. outwardD. upward
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is C. Bernoulli’s principle states that pressure decreases with motion in a fluid. When the pressure inside the house is greater than the pressure outside, the windows may burst outward.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Question 3
The first method for determining the buoyant force was discovered well over 2,000 years ago by a Greek man named ______.
A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. AristophanesD. Arioso
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The correct answer is A. This is why the principle is referred to as Archimedes principle.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Question 4Imagine you have a rock that weighs 1000 N with a volume of 10,000 cm3. You drop it into a tank and it sinks to the bottom. What is the exact volume of the water it displaces?
A. 1,000 cm3
B. 10,000 cm3
C. 100,000 cm3
D. 1,000,000 cm3
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. The volume of water displaced will be exactly equal to the volume of the rock.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Question 5Whose principle explains what is happening in this image?
A. ArchimedesB. BernoulliC. NewtonD. Pascal
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is D. A hydraulic system uses Pascal’s principle to make the output force applied on the large piston greater than the input force applied on the small piston.
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End of Chapter Resources File