to remain strong and free (us selective service system; mark eutsler, board member
DESCRIPTION
Presented at Crawfordsville Kiwanis Sagamore Club, 11 September 2008.TRANSCRIPT
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MissionMission
• Provide Manpower to DoD during national emergency
• Provide health care personnel draft if necessary
• Provide alternative service program for conscientious objectors during a draft
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AuthorizationAuthorization
Independent Federal agency Permanent authorization MSSA ( 50 U.S. C. App. 456 et
seq.) Primary customer: Dept. of
Defense
Independent Federal agency Permanent authorization MSSA ( 50 U.S. C. App. 456 et
seq.) Primary customer: Dept. of
Defense
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Agency Organizational Chart
Senior Advisor to the DirectorW illie L . B la nd in g Jr
G CAttorney Advisor
R u d y G . S an ch ez , J r.
P IAPublic & Intergov Affa irs
R ich ard S . F la ha vanA sso c D ire c to r
S P T -H RHum an Resources
V e ro na C . B a lla rd
S P T -LOLogistics
C a lv in E . M o n tgo m e ry
S P TSupport Services
E d w a rd A . B la cka da r, J r.A sso c D ire c to r
F M -B UBudget
W illia m W . R e e seA c ting
F MFinancial Managem ent
W illia m W . R e e seA sso c D ire c to r
IT -O AO ffice Autom ation Systems
V a ca n t
IT -N SNetw ork Systems
Je rry K lo tz
IT -D M CData M anagem ent Center
S u sa n A . C a p poN o rth C h ica g o IL
O P -RRegistrationR ick M o o re
O P -TTraining
C a ssa nd ra R . C o s tley
O P -PPlanning
Je n n ie C . N a sh
IT -A RAdm inistration & Readiness
V a ca n t
O P -ITO perations & Inform ation Technology
S co tt V . C a m p b e llA sso c D ire c to r
S ta te D ire c to rs
R F O s
L o ca l B o a rd M em b e rs
N o rth C h ica g o ILRegion I
T h o m a s G . W h iteR e g io n D ire c to r
S ta te D ire c to rs
R F O s
L o ca l B o a rd M em b e rs
S m yrn a G ARegion II
K e th A . S cra ggR e g io n D ire c to r
S ta te D ire c to rs
R F O s
L o ca l B o a rd M em b e rs
D e n ve r C ORegion III
D e b o rah N . B ie la n skiR e g io n D ire c to r
O ffice of the DirectorD W illia m C h a tf ie ld
D D Deputy Director E rn es t E . G a rc iaChief of S taff V aca nt
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139 full-time employees authorized
Region IRegion IHeadquartersHeadquartersNorth ChicagoNorth Chicago
IllinoisIllinois
Region IIRegion IIHeadquartersHeadquarters
MariettaMariettaGeorgiaGeorgia
Region IIIRegion IIIHeadquartersHeadquarters
DenverDenverColoradoColorado
Data ManagementData ManagementCenterCenter
North ChicagoNorth ChicagoIllinoisIllinois
NationalNationalHeadquartersHeadquarters
ArlingtonArlingtonVirginiaVirginia
Full-Time LocationsFull-Time Locations
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Region II Atlanta
Region I Region I Great Lakes, ILGreat Lakes, IL
Region III Denver
Region BoundariesRegion Boundaries
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Part-Time StructurePart-Time Structure
• State Directors• Reserve Forces
Officers• Board Members• State Resource
Volunteers
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State Directors
• Responsible for all state SSS functions
• GS-15 part-time employees (full-time upon activation)
• Many retired general officers• Nominated by governor of
state• Appointed by Director of SSS
in name of President
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Less than 300
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Reserve Forces Officers
• All services & ARNG• Recruit & train Board Members• Conduct registration awareness activities• Participate in readiness training & exercises
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Board Members
• Recruited by SSS officers
• Nominated by Governor• Appointed by Director in
name of the President• Maximum period of
service – 20 Years• Train annually
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State Resource Volunteers
• Influential members of communities• Usually participate in registration awareness
activities• Former SSS employees
– Reserve Forces Officers– State Directors– Board Members– Full-time employees
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Registration History
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Colonial Period
• Colonies relied upon militias
• Colony’s authority to conscript went relatively unchallenged
• Colonies used conscription from time to time– Men could avoid service by
getting married, paying a fee, or hiring a substitute
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Revolutionary War Era
• As president, George Washington tried to remedy desperate military system by proposing registration– Registered for service– Assigned to military units for
training
• Congress does not pass legislation
• Proposed again by Adams, Jefferson, & Madison
Revolutionary War
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Civil War – United States
• 1863, Congress gave Lincoln authority to register all able-bodied men (20 – 45), regardless of marital status or profession
• System allowed for payment of substitutes & a $300 fee
• System issued quotas to Congressional Districts
Civil War Era
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Civil War – United States
• 1st test of constitutionality of a wartime draft was Kneedler v. Lane – 1863
– Upheld constitutionality of Conscription Act of 1863
• Decision recognized nation’s need to wage war & individual’s obligation to serve his country
Civil War Era - USA
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Civil War – United States
1864, the draft in US amended to allow buyouts by conscientious objectors only
Civil War Era - USA
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Civil War - Confederates
• Passed conscription law in 1862– 3 years service required from all white men (18 – 35)
– Numerous exemptions
– Widespread non-compliance
– Substitutes at any price
– Later, age amended to include 17-year-olds
• Resulting small army & low morale led to conscription of slaves in 1865
Civil War Era - CSA
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Spanish-American War - 1898
Congress declared all males (18 – 45) subject to military duty
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1917: Selective Service Act
• 1st truly national draft
• Established local, district, state, & territorial civilian boards – Register
– Classify
– Examine
– Induct or defer
• Applied to men (21 – 30) for service in WWI
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Selective Service Act
• Much opposition to draft
• During 1st drawing, 50,000 applied for exemptions, & over 250,000 failed to register
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Selective Service Act
• Supreme Court consolidated numerous cases & unanimously decided to uphold the authority to conscript
• After WWI, draft law expired
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Selective Training & Service Act
• 1st peacetime draft • All males (21 – 35) ordered to
register for draft• 1st national lottery• Challenged in court
– Court determined conscription not dependent solely upon power to declare war
• Later, in WWII, draftees called by age, not lottery number (oldest 1st)
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Truman Era
• Recommended Selective Training & Service Act expire in 1947
• 1948, Harry Truman requested reinstatement of draft
• SS Act drafts men (19 – 26) for 12 months of active service
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Korean War Draft
• Exempted WWII veterans
• Called up men
(18 ½ – 35) for 2 years– 30,000 inductions
– 27% of persons in uniform
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Universal Military Training & Service Act (June 1951)
• Required men 18 to 26 to register
• Made SSS a permanent agency
• Draft became permanent part of manpower procurement structure, even though no war since 1946
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Unchallenged Conscriptions
• From 1940’s through 1950’s registrations without debate
• Registration continued even though manpower needs dropped to zero in spring & summer 1961
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Unchallenged Conscriptions
• Virtually no debate or opposition to draft law extensions in 1955, 1959, & 1963
• Early 1960’s, available registrants exceeded manpower requirements– Reduced pool by creating
new or expanding old deferments
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Johnson Era
• Vietnam War increased manpower demands
• Height of Vietnam War brought calls for the end to the draft & elimination of SSS
• Thousands left the country or burned their draft cards
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Johnson Era
• Congressional Panel (Mark Clark Panel) examined SSS
• President Johnson established Burke Commission to study SSS
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Johnson Era
• Marshall Commission published analysis of draft & developed policy recommendations– Wanted to induct younger
men 1st
– Recommended random selection for order of call
– Recommended elimination of student/occupational deferments
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Nixon Era
• Richard Nixon ordered 19-year-old draft– If not drafted at 19,
exempt from future service except in event of war or national emergency
• Student deferrals examined but retained
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Nixon Era
• Richard Nixon orders a “random selection” lottery system for selecting men to serve in the Vietnam
• In 1971, Selective Service Act extended
• 1973 Selective Service Act expires, ending authority to induct registrants
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Changes
• In 1967, Universal Military Training & Service Act amended & re-titled Military Selective Service Act
• In 1970, presidential commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Forces reported all-Volunteer Force should be supported by standby draft
• Inductions stopped
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Last man inducted 30 June 1973
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Penalties for Not Registering
• $250 K fine
• Imprisonment of up to five years
• Fine & imprisonment
• Inability to obtain federal job
• Ineligibility for federal student loans & grants
• Ineligibility for citizenship
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• 39 states
• 2 territories
• District of Columbia
• 39 states
• 2 territories
• District of Columbia
Driver’s License LegislationDriver’s License Legislation
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How the Lottery Works
• President & Congress reinstate draft
• Under TPR, lottery occurs between Day 6-45
• Under Emergency Mobilization, occurs between M+7 – 13
• Lottery conducted in DC area
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How the Lottery Works
• 2 drums– Drum 1: Capsules with birth
dates 1 JAN – 31 DEC– Drum 2: Numbers 1 – 365
(366 if leap year)
• Dates & numbers randomized
• Drums certified randomized, sealed, & secured
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How the Lottery Works
• On lottery day, officials inspect the drum seals
• 1st capsule drawn from one drum
• 2nd capsule drawn from other drum
• Conducted in full view of official observers & media
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How the Lottery Works
Example:• 1st capsule = 4 August• 2nd capsule = 32• Result: Those men
turning 20 on August 4 ordered to report for induction after any birthdays matched with numbers 1 through 31
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How the Lottery Works
• Drawings continue until all 365 (or 366) birthdays of the year are paired with a number
• Results certified• Sequence of call
transmitted to SSS Data Management Center
• DMC issues mailgrams to those with low lottery numbers
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Order of Call
• Volunteers• Failures to report to examination or MEPS or
eloped MEPS• Those with expired or terminated postponements• Non-volunteers in the following order:
Age 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 19 • Non-volunteers, 26 or older, whose liability was
extended• Non-volunteers age 18 and 6 months
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Introduction to Activation Scenarios
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3 ways to begin process of providing manpower for examination and induction:
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Activation Scenario #1:Time-Phased Response (TPR)
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TPR Description
• Gradual buildup of Agency elements to accommodate DoD’s time-line for forces & facilities
• Current planning: 1st registrants at MEPS within 193 days after activation
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TPR Process
Congress & President Authorize Draft
Lottery
Components Activated
Physical and Mental Examinations
Induction Notices Sent
First Inductees Processed & Assigned
11
22
33445566
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TimetableDAY 1-5
Authority to InductSSS Elements Activated
Expansion Begins
DAY 6-45
AOAs Report for DutyRFOs contact GSA/OPM
Lottery Conducted
DAY 46-75
Train Civilian New HiresBM Refresher Training
AOs Operational (day 75)
DAY 76-140
Pre-Induction Exam (MEPS) Local Boards MeetASOs Operational
DAY 141-192
First DAB MeetingNAB Activated
Induction Notices Mailed
DAY 193
First inductees report for processing and subsequent
assignment
T P R
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State Headquarters Activation
Temporary SHQ is National Guard Armory
MOU between DoD & SSS
Provides use of facilities & equipment
Permanent location in capital city of each state
State Director & Deputy State Director
responsible for activation of permanent SHQ
Officers report to SHQ & form Task Force
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Area Office Activation
Task Force of SSS officers establish Area Offices & Alternative Service Offices within state
Locate space
Locate equipment
Locate supplies
Recruit & train civilians
SDs assign officers specificduties to accomplish mission
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Report to MEPSfor Induction
Two-Step Method
Registrant Returns Home
until RSN is called; then
Ordered for Induction
No Claim Filed
RegistrantRequests Postponement
Postponement Acted Upon by AO
Not Qualified4-F
Registrant Reports forPre-induction Exam
Qualified1-A
Registrant ClaimsDeferment or Exemption
Denied Granted
Denied Granted
11
22
Registrant Reclassifie
d
Registrant Receives Postponement
Claim Acted Uponby AOs / Boards
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Emergency Mobilization Scenario
M-Day is designated without prior warning or notice
There is minimal time to prepare for mobilization
Area Offices must be operational within 24 hours
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TimetableM-Day
Authority to InductSSS Elements Activated
Board Members Activated
M + 1
AOAs Report for DutyLottery Conducted
M + 2
Lottery Results ProcessedPrepare for Induction
M + 3
Induction Notices MailedRFOs Deliver Claim Forms
to Post Offices
M + 4 to M + 12
Local Boards ActivatedRegistrant Claims ReceivedPersonnel Hired & Trained
M + 13
First inductees report for examination, processing,
and assignment
EMERGENCY
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Temporary Area Offices will be Recruiting Stations per MOU between DoD & SSS
Officers act as Area Office Managers & support all office functions until civilians are hired
Officers report directly to Area Offices and begin operations within 24 hrs
Officers are in immediate charge of recruiting station, including equipment & supplies
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Claim Acted Uponby AO / Local Board
Report to MEPSfor exam & induction
Registrant Receives Induction Order
Registrant ClaimsDeferment, Exemption
or PostponementM+13
Denied Granted
Registrant Reclassifie
d
1-Step Method
11
1-Step Method will transition to the
2-Step (Examination before Induction) Method
as quickly as possible
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Activation Scenario #3: Health Care Personnel
Health Care Personnel Delivery System (HCPDS)
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• Congress directs SSS to be ready to induct doctors, nurses, & medical technicians
• May include women
• Medical personnel do not register in peacetime
• Congress directs SSS to be ready to induct doctors, nurses, & medical technicians
• May include women
• Medical personnel do not register in peacetime
Health Care PersonnelHealth Care Personnel
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HCPDS Description
On-the-shelf system
Provide trained & qualified health care personnel to DoD
Maintain a system that is fair, equitable, and meets the needs of Armed Services
Maintain Alternative Service Program for Conscientious Objectors
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Emergency
Health Care Personnel Delivery System
Time-Phased Response
13 Days
90 Days
193 Days
3.4 million registrants needed in database!
Activation Scenario ComparisonTime Requirement to get First Registrants to MEPS
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Health Care Critical ShortagesPHYSICIANSGeneral SurgeonThoracic SurgeonUrologistDiagnostic RadiologistPsychiatryPreventative MedicinePrimary Care:
Family PhysicianEmergency MedicineInternal
PHYSICIANS ASSISTANTS
DENTISTSOral SurgeonGeneral Dentist
NURSESAnesthesiaCritical Care
There are more than 60 Health Care Specialties
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HCPDS Process1. Mass registration of trained and qualified civilian health care personnel
Between the ages of 20-45Register by skill typePossibility of femalesCould expand to ages 20-55
2. Conduct lottery to establish Random Sequence Numbers (RSN)
3. Issue induction orders
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TimetablePre-Expansion Activities
Authority to InductSpecialty List Finalized (DoD)
Media Campaign Finalized
DAY 1-2
SSS Elements ActivatedExpansion Begins
SSS Receives DoD List
DAY 3-6AOAs Report for Duty
Board Members ActivatedRFOs Contact GSA/OPM
DAY 7-35
Mass Registration StartsLottery Conducted
Claim Forms to Post Offices
DAY 46-80
Train New Staff/BoardsAOs Operational (day 79) Induction Notices Mailed
DAY 90
First Health Care registrants report for examination,
processing and assignment
HCPDS
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State Headquarters Activation
Temporary SHQ will be National Guard Armory
MOU between DoD & SSS
Provides use of facilities & equipment
Permanent location will be near state's capital city
State Director, Deputy State Director, & pre-
identified RFOs report to temporary SHQ
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Temporary Area Offices will be Recruiting Stations per MOU between DoD & SSS
Officers act as Area Office Managers & support all office functions until civilians are hired
Only selected Area Offices and Alternative Service Offices will open under HCPDS
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Lottery
Mass Registration
HCPDS Process
Congress & President Authorize Draft
Components Activated
Induction Notices Sent
Physical & Mental Examinations thenImmediately Process & Assign Inductees
11
22
33445566
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Claim Acted Uponby AOs / Boards
Report to MEPSfor exam & induction
Health Care Professional Receives
Induction Order
Registrant ClaimsDeferment, Exemption,
or PostponementDay 90
Denied Granted
Registrant Reclassifie
d
1-Step Method
11
1-Step Method will transition to the
2-Step (Examination before Induction) Method
as quickly as possible
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Advisory Committees
State Health Care Advisory Committee
Established within each state
Comprised of medical professionals
Assist Local Board in making Essentiality of
Occupation decisions
Members recruited by State Director
Advisory Committees do not have authority to decide claims
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Advisory Committees
National Health Care
Advisory Committee
Advises the Director
of Selective Service
Members represent
race, sex, national
origin of registrants
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Additional Postponements
Three additional HCPDS
postponements:
To close a medical practice
To find a replacement
To complete graduate
medical training
NTE 90 days
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HCPDS is Flexible
HCPDS
HCPDS with
GeneralConscription
or
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Dual Registrants
HCPDS with
GeneralConscription
Men 20-25 years old
Possibility of selection
under both systems
Processed by system that
reaches registrant's Random
Sequence Number (RSN)
first
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