Over the last 30 years, a small group of visionaries in science, technology,legislation and business have driven the development of biotechnology.Today, in the midst of tremendous advances in medicine and agriculture, thisexhibition and accompanying brochure pays tribute to the leaders that haveshaped the biotechnology industry.

The Top 100 Living Contributors to Biotechnology have been selected by their peers and through independent polls conducted by Reed Exhibitions, adivision of Reed Elsevier. Senior staff throughout the biotechnology industryhave identified the most influential and inspirational pioneers. The resultsare presented here alphabetically.

To those named in the Top 100, and the many other contributors not listed,the biotechnology community is deeply appreciative.

LIVING CONTRIBUTORS TO BIOTECHNOLOGY

THE TOP100

1DAVID BALTIMOREDavid Baltimore, one of theworld’s most distinguished biol-ogists and winner of the 1975Nobel Prize for his work in virol-ogy, became president of theCalifornia Institute of Technologyin 1997. Previously he was a pro-fessor at the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology, foundingdirector of the WhiteheadInstitute for Biomedical Researchat MIT, and the president ofRockefeller University. His careerhas been distinguished by hisdual contribution to biologicalresearch and to national sciencepolicy. He helped pioneer themolecular study of animal virus-

es, and his research in this fieldhad profound implications forunderstanding cancer and, later,AIDS. In 1999 he was awardedthe National Medal of Science,he was a co-recipient of the 2000Warren Alpert Foundation Prizeand was awarded the 2002 AMAScientific Achievement Award.

MICHAEL ASHBURNER Michael Ashburner is Professorof Biology at the University ofCambridge where he received hisundergraduate degree and PhD,both in genetics. Ashburner’scurrent major research interestsare the structure and evolution ofgenomes. Most of his researchhas been with the model organ-ism Drosophila melanogaster,about which he has written thebook Drosophila: A LaboratoryHandbook. His research has cov-ered a range of subjects, fromclassical genetics, developmen-tal biology, cytogenetics to evolu-tion, at both molecular andorganismal levels. Ashburner is afounder of FlyBase, and of theGene Ontology Consortium.From 1994-2001 Ashburnerserved first as research coordina-tor and then joint-head of theEuropean Molecular BiologyLaboratory - European Bioinfor-matics Institute at Hinxton,Cambridge. Ashburner is aFellow of the Royal Society ofLondon and of the AcademiaEuropeae; he is a foreign hon-orary member of the AmericanAcademy of Arts and Sciences, amember of the EuropeanMolecular Biology Organisation,and past president of the BritishGenetical Society. He also is aProfessorial Fellow of ChurchillCollege, Cambridge.

SEYMOUR BENZERSeymour Benzer instilled thefundamental idea that genescontrol behaviour. He began hiscareer studying gene structureand code, developing a methodto determine the detailed struc-ture of viral genes in 1955. Hethen switched to the field ofneurogenetics, focusing on the inheritance of behaviour.Benzer used gene mutations todissect the underlying events inthe nervous system of the fruitfly, Drosophila. His work led tothe discovery of specific genesthat participate in variousbehavioral phenomena includ-ing control of the biologicalclock, and those important inthe prevention of neurodegen-eration. At age 82, ProfessorBenzer continues his researchfocusing on the problem ofaging as the James GriffinBoswell Professor of Neurosci-ence, Emeritus at the CaliforniaInstitute of Technology.

PAUL BERGPaul Berg is Cahill Professor inCancer Research, Emeritus, atthe Stanford University Schoolof Medicine, and director emeri-tus of the Beckman Centre forMolecular and GeneticMedicine. He is one of the prin-cipal pioneers in the field of“gene splicing.” Berg, along withhis colleagues Walter Gilbert andFrederick Sanger, was awardedthe 1980 Nobel Prize inChemistry for developing meth-ods that make it possible to mapthe structure and function ofDNA. His work on the geneticapparatus that directs the syn-thesis of proteins earned Bergthe Eli Lilly Award in Biochem-istry in 1959 and the CaliforniaScientist of the Year Award in1963. He has twice been hon-ored with the Henry J. KaiserAward for Excellence in Teachingat the Stanford University Schoolof Medicine and has won theRoche Institute for MolecularBiology’s V. D. Mattia Prize, theSarasota Medical Awards forAchievement and Excellence, theAnnual Award of the GairdnerFoundation, the Albert LaskerBasic Medical Research Award,and the New York Academy ofSciences Award. He also haswon the American Associationfor the Advancement of ScienceScientific Freedom and Respons-ibility Award, the National Medalof Science, and the NationalLibrary of Medicine Medal.

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Benzer instilled the fundamental idea that genes control behaviour.

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1KAREN BERNSTEINKaren Bernstein is the co-founder, Chairman and Editor-in-Chief of BioCentury PublicationsInc. which provides business-oriented information services for life science executives and investors. For 10 yearsBioCentury has published business intelligence affectingdecisions made by bio-industryleaders and investors around theworld. Bernstein has researchedand written on biotechnologytopics since 1987, she previouslywas senior editor of Bio Worldand director of research at theCentre for Science Informationin San Francisco. She has heldfaculty positions at StanfordUniversity, Mills College, theUniversity of California at SantaCruz and San Jose StateUniversity.

RENE BERNARDSRene Bernards has worked for 25years in oncology research, mostrecently developing functionalgenetic approaches to aid cancertreatment. His work at UtrechtUniversity focuses on the cre-ation of genome-wide geneticscreens for the identification ofgenes that act in cancer-relevantpathways. It led to the discoveryin 2003 of a 70-gene fingerprintthat may predict the recurrenceof breast cancer in certainpatients, improving the accuracywith which doctors can predicthow a patient’s cancer willprogress. Bernards is the headof the Division of MolecularCarcinogenesis at the Nether-lands Cancer Institute and CSOof Agendia.

ERNESTO BERTARELLIErnesto Bertarelli is CEO andChairman of Serono. He hastransformed Serono into thethird largest biotech company inthe world, with revenues dou-bled and profits increasing ten-fold under his leadership.Bertarelli broadened Serono’sproduct range beyond fertilitytreatments, boosting researchspending on drugs to combatdiseases such as rheumatoidarthritis and multiple sclerosis.He is a member of the HarvardMedical School BiologicalChemistry and MolecularPharmacology Advisory Council,

and a member of the PhRMAand BIO boards in the UnitedStates. He is also the Presidentof the Alinghi team that success-fully won the America’s Cup inMarch 2003.

J. MICHAEL BISHOPJ. Michael Bishop, is Chancellor,Arthur and Toni Rembe RockDistinguished Professor, andProfessor of Microbiology andImmunology at the University of California, San Francisco. A recognized authority on themolecular mechanisms of can-cer, he shared numerous awardswith his colleague HaroldVarmus, including the 1982Albert Lasker Award for BasicMedical Research, the 1984Alfred P. Sloan Jr. Prize from the General Motors CancerResearch Foundation, the 1984Gairdner Foundation Inter-national Award, and the 1989Nobel Prize in Physiology orMedicine. Bishop has receivedthe 2003 National Medal ofScience; is a member of theNational Academy of Sciences,the Institute of Medicine, theAmerican Academy of Arts andSciences, and the AmericanPhilosophical Society; and holdshonorary degrees from severaluniversities. He continues toteach medical students andsupervise a research team study-ing the molecular pathogenesisof cancer. He is the author ofmore than 300 research publica-tions and reviews, and of thebook How to Win the Nobel Prize:An Unexpected Life in Science.

BARUCH S. BLUMBERGBaruch S. Blumberg is aDistinguished Scientist at FoxChase Cancer Centre, andUniversity Professor of Medicineand Anthropology at theUniversity of Pennsylvania. Hehas served as director of theNational Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration (NASA) Astro-biology Institute and in 2001 was Senior Advisor to theAdministrator of NASA; wasMaster of Balliol College, OxfordUniversity, (1989-1994) and wason the staff of the NationalInstitutes of Health. (1957-1964).Blumberg received the Nobelprize in Medicine in 1976 forwork on the hepatitis B virus(HBV). Baruch and colleaguesidentified HBV in the mid 1960s.Diagnostics and a vaccine wereinvented soon afterwards; theyhave a wide application in clini-cal and preventive medicine. Thevaccine has been administeredto more than one billion peoplein over 150 national programsand has resulted in a dramaticdrop in the infection rate and indeaths from liver disease due toHBV including liver cancer.

ELIZABETH BLACKBURNElizabeth Blackburn is a leaderin the area of telomere andtelomerase research, and is aworld-renowned expert on boththeir influence in cells and theirimplications for human health.She has made several key dis-coveries in different aspects oftelomere function and biology,including their molecular struc-ture and discovery of the ribonu-cleoprotein enzyme, telomerase.More recently, Blackburn hasbeen applying her insights intotelomere biology to the develop-ment of a new anti-cancer thera-py that forces cancerous cellswith active telomerase to makeerrors during telomere synthe-sis, effectively triggering cellularsuicide. Blackburn is currentlythe Morris Herzstein Professorof Biology and Physiology in theDepartment of Biochemistry andBiophysics at the University ofCalifornia, San Francisco, and alsoa non-resident Fellow of the SalkInstitute for Biological Studies.

SIR WALTER BODMERSir Walter Bodmer’s interest instatistics spurred him into theworld of genetics and subse-quently obtained a PhD in popu-lation genetics under the inspir-ing influence of Sir RonaldFisher at Oxford University. In1970 Walter took up the chair ofGenetics at Oxford. In 1979, hebecame Director of Research atthe Imperial Cancer ResearchFund in London and in 1991 wasappointed Director in General ofthe Fund. He retired from hisposition in 1996 to becomePrincipal of Hertford College,Oxford from which he retired inAugust 2005. He was made aFellow of the Royal Society in1974, and received a knighthoodin 1986. Sir Walter, with JuliaBodmer, was a pioneer in thedevelopment of the human tis-sue typing, or HLA system andhas worked to understand howcancer cells can escape fromattack by the immune system.His current scientific work at hislaboratory, the CRUK Cancer &Immunogenetics Laboratory atthe Weatherall Institute ofMolecular Medicine, Oxford, isaimed at working out the mech-anisms that underlie the patho-genesis of colorectal cancerusing a large collection of col-orectal cancer cell lines, as wellas primary tumour material.

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Bertarelli has transformedSerono into the third largestbiotech company in the world...

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GORDON BINDERGordon Binder is the formerCEO of Amgen. During histenure as first CFO then CEO,Amgen grew from a start-upcompany with just 50 employeesto rank within the top 20 phar-maceutical companies in world-wide revenues. He has beenchairman of both BIO andPhRMA in the United States. Heis currently serves on the boardsof the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology and the CaliforniaInstitute of Technology, the onlyperson to hold positions onboth. Now a venture capitalistwith Coastview Capital LLC, head-quartered in Los Angeles, Binderretired from Amgen in 2000.

NORMAN BORLAUGNorman Borlaug is oftenreferred to as the father of theGreen Revolution. Borlaug head-ed a team that developed abreed of high-yield dwarf wheatable to resist an extensive rangeof plant pests and diseases.Their work in the mid-1960s ledto the introduction of his grainand modern agricultural tech-niques to Mexico, Pakistan, andIndia; hugely improving thefood-security of these nations.For this, Borlaug is credited withsaving over 1 billion lives fromdeath by starvation, and wasawarded the Nobel Peace Prizein 1970.

DAVID BOTSTEINDavid Botstein is Director andAnthony B. Evnin Professor ofGenomics at the Lewis-SiglerInstitute for Integrative Gen-omics, Princeton University. Hewas as Vice President, Science,at Genentech and has chairedStanford University’s Depart-ment of Genetics. Botstein’sresearch has centred on genet-ics, especially the use of geneticmethods to understand biologi-cal functions. Botstein’s currentresearch effort is devoted to thestudy of yeast biology at the system level. In August 2004,the National Institute of GeneralMedical Sciences (NIGMS), partof the National Institutes ofHealth, announced establish-ment of a Centre of Excel-lencein Complex Biomedical SystemsResearch at Princeton, headedby Botstein. The centre will serveas the hub, and provide infra-structure for, research and teach-ing programs at the interface ofbiology and the more quantita-tive and physical sciences.

HERBERT BOYERHerbert Boyer is a pioneer bothin research and industry. In 1973Boyer worked with StanleyCohen to show that geneticallyengineered DNA molecules maybe cloned in foreign cells, a tech-nique called recombinant DNAengineering. Their experimentsmarked the beginning of geneticengineering and helped launchthe biotechnology industry, withthe technique used in medicineand pharmacology, industry andagriculture. In 1976, Boyer joinedventure capitalist RobertSwanson to create the biotech-nology firm Genentech. Boyer iscurrently the chairman of theGenentech Foundation forBiomedical Sciences, and servesas Vice-Chairman of the Board ofDirectors of Allergan.

JOSHUA BOGERJoshua Boger is founder,Chairman, President, and CEOof Vertex Pharmaceuticals. Priorto founding Vertex in 1989,Boger held the position of SeniorDirector of Basic Chemistry atMerck Sharp & Dohme ResearchLaboratories in Rahway, N.J.,where he headed both theDepartments of BiophysicalChemistry and MedicinalChemistry of Immunology &Inflammation. During his 10years at Merck, Boger developedan international reputation as aleader in the application of com-puter modeling to the chemistryof drug design and was a pio-neer in the use of structure-based rational drug design asthe basis for drug discovery pro-grams. Boger holds a bachelorof arts in chemistry and philoso-phy from Wesleyan University(Connecticut) and a master’sand doctorate degrees in chem-istry from Harvard University.His postdoctoral research inmolecular recognition was per-formed in the laboratories of theNobel-prize winning chemist,Jean-Marie Lehn in Strasbourg,France. He holds 31 U.S. patentsin pharmaceutical discovery anddevelopment. He was namedone of 40 “Technology Pioneers”worldwide for the 2003 WorldEconomic Forum in Davos,Switzerland.

G. STEVEN BURRILLG. Steven Burrill is CEO of Burrill& Company, a South SanFrancisco-based life sciencesmerchant bank with over $500million under management. In2002, Mr. Burrill was recognizedas the biotech investmentvisionary by Scientific Americanmagazine (The ScientificAmerican 50). He currentlyserves as Chairman of theBoards of Icoria, Pharmasset,and Pyxis Genomics; and is amember of the Boards ofDirectors of Catalyst Biosciences,DepoMed, Galapagos Genomics,Targacept, and Third WaveTechnologies. Prior to foundingBurrill & Company in 1994, hespent 28 years with Ernst &Young, directing and coordinat-ing the firm’s services to clientsin the biotechnology/life sci-ences/high technology/manu-facturing industries.

BROOK BYERSBrook Byers is a venture capitalinvestor with Kleiner PerkinsCaufield & Byers (KPCB). He hasbeen closely involved with morethan 40 new technology-basedventures, over half of which havealready become public compa-nies. He formed the first life sci-ences practice group in the ven-ture capital profession in 1984and led KPCB to become a pre-mier venture capital firm in themedical, healthcare, and bio-technology sectors. KPCB hasinvested in and helped buildover 90 life sciences companieswhich are developing hundredsof products to treat major under-served medical needs represent-ing huge markets in the nearly$2 trillion healthcare sector.Brook was the founding Presi-dent and then Chairman of fourbiotechnology companies whichwere incubated in KPCB’s officesand went on to become publiccompanies with an aggregatemarket value over $8 billion.

RONALD CAPERonald Cape was the co-founderof Cetus, acting as Chairman ofthe board for 20 years and CEOfor 13 years until the companymerged with Chiron in 1991. Hewas a founding member of theBiotechnology Industry Organis-ation (BIO) and served as itsPresident for three years. Healso was the founding Chairmanof Darwin Molecular Corp.,which was later sold to Chirosci-ence. Cape has been an investorin the field of biotechnology forseveral decades and now serveson the Board of Directors of anumber of companies, includingChiroscience and Cogito. He ison the Board of Trustees ofresearch institutes including theWhitehead Institute at MIT.

SYDNEY BRENNERSydney Brenner is known for hissubstantial contributions to thefield of molecular genetics,including the identification ofmRNA, the demonstration thatthe genetic code consists oftriplets, and the development ofthe nematode C. elegans as amodel research organism. Hiswork with this roundworm hasgarnered insights into aging,nerve cell function, organ devel-opment and controlled celldeath, and for this he receivedthe 2002 Nobel Prize. Mostrecently Brenner has been study-ing vertebrate gene and geneevolution, researching novelways to analyse gene sequencesand creating a new insight intothe evolution of vertebrates.Brenner is currentlyDistinguished Professor at theSalk Institute for BiologicalStudies and Adjunct Professor ofBiology at the University ofCalifornia, San Diego.

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Brenner’s work with this roundworm has garnered insights into aging, nerve cell function, organ development and controlled cell death ...

THOMAS R. CECHThomas R. Cech is President ofthe Howard Hughes MedicalInstitute. In 1982 Tom Cech andhis research group announcedthe discovery of self-splicingRNA provided the first exceptionto the long-held belief that biological reactions are alwayscatalyzed by proteins. This find-ing that an RNA molecule fromTetrahymena, a single-celledpond organism, cut and rejoinedchemical bonds in the completeabsence of proteins. Thus RNAwas not restricted to being apassive carrier of genetic infor-mation, but could have an activerole in cellular metabolism.Only years later was it recog-nized that RNA catalysts, or“ribozymes,” might provide anew class of highly specific phar-maceutical agents, able to cleaveand thereby inactivate viralRNAs or other RNAs involved indisease. Cech continuesresearch on ribozyme structureand on telomerase in hisBoulder, Colorado laboratory.

JULIO E. CELISJulio E. Celis is Professor andDirector of the Institute ofCancer Biology at the DanishCancer Society and is generallyrecognized as on of the foundingfathers of proteomics. Julio Celisinterest in proteomics started in1973 while at the laboratory ofmolecular biology in Cambridge.His group in Aarhus, introducedthe use of protein identificationtechniques to map HeLa cellproteins and developed the firstprotein database in 1981. In theearly 1980s, the group also laidout foundations for proteomicsby annotating the databaseswith information gathered fromapplications to problems in cell biology. Together with J.Vandekerckhove he later intro-duced the use of large scale pro-tein identification using micro-sequencing. Celis’ group inCopenhagen has pioneered theuse of proteomics to the analysisof bladder and breast cancer and introduced the concept ofdiscovery-driven translationalcancer research.

DAVID CHISWELLDavid Chiswell was a founder ofCambridge Antibody Technology(CAT), one of the premieremerging European biotechnol-ogy companies formed in 1990.He remained responsible foroperational management for 12years, serving as CEO from 1996to 2002. Since leaving, Chiswellhas devoted his time to encour-aging the growth of the UK bio-science industry. He is currentlychairman of the BioIndustryAssociation (BIA), holds posi-tions as Chairman of ArrowTherapeutics and as a non-exec-utive director of Arakis, both UKbased biotechnology compa-nies. He also acts as advisor to several internationalprivate equity funds.

JIMMY CARTERJimmy Carter, the 39th Presidentof the United States, is an out-spoken supporter for the biotechindustry and the founder of TheCarter Centre, dedicated toadvancing human rights andalleviating unnecessary humansuffering. The centre, led byCarter, is committed to fightingdisease and improving quality oflife through international healthprograms that focus on infec-tious disease control and pre-vention, Guinea worm diseaseeradication, and agriculturaltraining to multiply crop yields.

STANLEY COHENStanley Cohen is the Kwoh-TingLi Professor of Genetics andProfessor of Medicine atStanford University. Cohen andhis colleague Herbert W. Boyerrevolutionized the disciplines ofbiology and chemistry in 1973with their discovery of methodsto transplant and clone genes,and are the inventors on thebasic patents underlying thefield of genetic engineering.Among Cohen’s awards are theNational Medal of Science, theNational Medal of Technology,the Lasker Award for BasicMedical Research, the Wolf Prizein Medicine, the Lemelson-MITPrize, the Albany Medical CenterPrize in Medicine andBiomedical Research, and theShaw Prize in Life Science andMedicine. He is a member ofthe U.S. National Academy ofSciences, and the NationalInventors Hall of Fame

DESIRE COLLENDesire Collen, a world-renownedexpert in cardiovascular disease,is the founder and CEO ofThromboGenics, a biopharma-ceutical company dedicated tothe development of innovativepharmaceuticals for the preven-tion and treatment of vasculardiseases. He also directs theMolecular and CardiovascularMedicine Group at University ofLeuven, Belgium. Collen’s labo-ratory was the first to produceclinical supply of tissue plas-minogen activator (tPA), one ofthe most effective drugs forthrombolytic therapy of acutemyocardial infarction.

FRANCIS S. COLLINSFrancis S. Collins is Director ofthe National Human GenomeResearch Institute (NHGRI) atthe US National Institutes ofHealth. He oversaw the HumanGenome Project, an internation-al enterprise that finished thehuman genome sequence inApril 2003. Building upon thatsuccess, Collins is leadingNHGRI’s effort to use genomicknowledge to improve humanhealth. Among other projects,his lab is currently searching forgenes that contribute to type II diabetes. Collins’ previousresearch has included the identi-fication of genes responsible for cystic fibrosis, neurofibro-matosis, Huntington’s disease,and more recently multipleendocrine neoplasia type I(MEN1), and most recently, thegene that causes Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, adramatic form of prematureaging.

DANIEL COHENDaniel Cohen led the team ofresearchers responsible for gen-erating the first physical map-ping of the human genome.Whilst working as ScientificDirector of the Centre for theStudy of Human Polymorphisms(CEPH), Cohen conceived andimplemented a highly innovativeand effective strategy to map thehuman genome. By December1993 he was able to announcethat the CEPH had won the raceto produce the first physical mapof the human genome. Cohenwas also a co-founder ofMillennium Pharmaceuticals.He has been the PrincipalScientist at the Paris-basedGenset since 1996.

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Daniel Cohen conceived andimplemented ahighly innovative and effective strategy to map thehuman genome.

STANLEY CROOKEStanley Crooke is Founder,Chairman and CEO of IsisPharmaceuticals, a development-stage biopharmaceutical compa-ny focused on a new paradigm indrug discovery, antisenseoligonucleotides. Since Crookeand colleagues founded Isis in1989, it has pioneered RNAbased drug discovery includingall mechanisms of antisensetechnology and small moleculeinteractions with RNA, and haspioneered a novel infectious dis-ease diagnostic technologycalled TIGER. Prior to foundingIsis, Crooke was President ofR&D for SmithKline Beecham.Prior to joining SKB, Crookehelped establish the anticancerdrug discovery and developmentprogram at Bristol Myers.

ROBERT JOSEPH DOLERobert Joseph Dole, politicalleader and statesman, was elect-ed to the US Senate in 1968 andserved there through 1996. Hisdistinguished career in the USHouse and Senate includes,among many assignments, longstanding service as a member ofthe House and Senate commit-tees on agriculture, and Chair,Senate Finance Committee. In1984, he was elected Senatemajority leader, and thereafterserved four consecutive Con-gresses as Senate Republicanleader, until he retired from theSenate in 1996 to seek the Rep-ublican nomination for thePresidency. In addition to his vig-orous law practice in the nation’scapital, Dole maintains a strongcommitment to public service.

K. ERIC DREXLERK. Eric Drexler is often describedas the father of nanotechnology.His theoretical research in thisfield has been the basis fornumerous journal articles andbooks including Engines ofCreation and Nanosystems:Molecular Machinery, Manufac-turing, and Computation. In 1981,Drexler described an approachto implementing productivenanosystems in the Proceedingsof the National Academy ofSciences. This paper establishedfundamental principles of pro-tein engineering. Drexler found-ed the Foresight Institute, a non-profit organisation focused onnanotechnology, and currentlyserves as Chief TechnicalAdvisor to Nanorex, a companydeveloping software for molecu-lar engineering. He was awardeda PhD from MIT in MolecularNanotechnology (the firstdegree of its kind).

SIR DAVID COOKSEYSir David Cooksey has been inventure capital fund manage-ment since 1981 when he found-ed Advent Venture Partners. Heis Managing Partner. Adventinvests in early stage companieswith outstanding growthprospects in the life sciences,information technology andtelecommunications industries.Previously he worked at De LaRue where he headed an earlymanagement buyout in 1971 of acompany which was involved inmedical device manufacturing.He was the first Chairman of theBritish Venture CapitalAssociation in 1983-84. He iscurrently Chairman of theEuropean Private Equity andVenture Capital Association for2005/6. In 2003 he chaired theUK Biotechnology Innovationand Growth Taskforce, whichpublished its report on thefuture of the UK biosciencesindustry in November 2003.He retired earlier this year as aDirector of the Bank of Englandwhere he served for 11 years.

ANTHONY EVNINAnthony Evnin is ManagingGeneral Partner of VenrockAssociates, where he has workedsince 1974, focusing largely onbiotechnology and related lifesciences. Evnin serves on theboards of several public and private companies includingMemory Pharmaceuticals, Ren-ovis, Sunesis Pharmaceuticals,and Icagen. He led Venrock´sinvestment in Athena Neuro-sciences, Centocor, GeneticsInstitute, IDEC Pharmaceuticals,IDEXX Laboratories, andSepracor. Evnin’s previous expe-rience was as a research scien-tist and business developmentmanager at Story Chemical andUnion Carbide Corp. Evnin wasawarded his PhD in Chemistryfrom the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology and alsohas an A.B. in Chemistry fromPrinceton University.

CARL FELDBAUMCarl Feldbaum is the formerleader of the U.S.-based Biotech-nology Industry Organisation(BIO). Feldbaum helped createBIO in 1993 and was its leaderfor 11 years, steering the organi-sation through a period of rapidgrowth and development in thebiotech industry. BIO now repre-sents over 1,100 companies in34 nations, including 850 com-panies, academic institutionsand biotech centres in theUnited States. Feldbaum retiredfrom BIO in 2004, hinting ataspirations to write.

PETER FELLNERPeter Fellner is executive chair-man of Vernalis, and chairmanof the privately held UK biotech-nology company, Astex Thera-peutics. He also serves as adirector of UCB, a leading globalbiopharmaceutical company,and of the European biotechnol-ogy company, Evotec. In addi-tion he is a director of QinetiQGroup, one of Europe’s largesttechnology–based companies,and of Isis Innovation. He is amember of the UK MedicalResearch Council. He was previ-ously chairman of CelltechGroup, having served as its CEOfrom 1990 to 2003. He oversawits development into the UK’slargest biotechnology companyuntil its acquisition in 2004.Before joining Celltech, Fellnerserved as CEO of Roche UK,from 1986 to 1990.

SIR CHRISTOPHERTHOMAS EVANSSir Christopher Thomas Evans isthe Founder and Chairman ofMerlin Biosciences. He isregarded as one of Europe’sleading biotechnology entrepre-neurs and has a proven trackrecord of establishing success-ful, high-quality science compa-nies, eight of which have beentaken public. Sir Christopher’sconsiderable contributions tothe biotechnology industry werehonoured with a knighthood in2001. Sir Christopher is highlyregarded for his efforts toencourage small business andentrepreneurship throughoutthe UK and Europe. In additionto being voted CambridgeBusinessman of the Year twice,he has been awarded the BVCACartier Venturer Award forTechnology start-ups, theyoungest recipient ever of theSCI Centenary Medal, the RSCInterdisciplinary Medal, and theHenderson Memorial Medal.

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Sir Christopher is regarded as one of Europe’s leading biotechnology entrepreneurs ...

FREDERICK FRANKFrederick Frank is Vice Chairmanand a Director of LehmanBrothers. Before joining LehmanBrothers as a partner in October,1969, Mr. Frank was co-directorof research, as well as VicePresident and Director, of Smith,Barney & Co. He is a CharteredFinancial Analyst, a member ofThe New York Society of SecurityAnalysts and a past president ofthe Chemical ProcessingIndustry Analysts. In addition toserving as a director of severalbiotech companies Frank isChairman of the NationalGenetics Foundation, a directorof the Salk Institute forBiological Studies, a member ofthe Board of Governors of theNational Centre for GenomeResources and Chairman of theBoard of The Irvington Institutefor Immunological Research. In1998 Frank was honored for out-standing contributions in thefield of immunology by theIrvington Institute, and in 1997,he received the Biotech Meetingat Laguna Niguel Hall of FameAward for Special Recognitionfor an Individual.

ROBERT C. GALLORobert C. Gallo spent 30 years atthe National Cancer Institute ofthe National Institutes of Health.For over 20 years he was Chief ofthe Laboratory of Tumor CellBiology. In 1996 Gallo co-found-ed and is the director of theInstitute of Human Virology(IHV), at the University ofMaryland in Baltimore. He isalso a professor of Medicine andof Microbiology in the university’sSchool of Medicine. Gallo andhis colleagues discovered thecytokine interleukin-2 (Il-2), thefirst human retroviruses – name-ly the leukemia viruses – HTLV-1and 2, human herpes virus 6(HHV-6), and codiscovered thethird retrovirus, HIV, developedthe HIV blood test, and showedHIV was the cause of AIDS.Gallo’s motivation stems fromhis interest in cancer and newepidemic diseases as well as thefundamentals of disease mecha-nisms.

WILLIAM H. GATESWilliam (Bill) H. Gates isChairman and Chief SoftwareArchitect of Microsoft. He andhis wife, Melinda, have endoweda foundation with more than $27billion to support philanthropicinitiatives in the areas of globalhealth and learning, with thehope that in the 21st century,advances in these critical areaswill be available for all people.The Bill and Melinda GatesFoundation has committed morethan $3.2 billion to organisationsworking in global health. Thefoundation also supportsresearch to develop new toolsfor preventing and treating seri-ous diseases in developingcountries.

RICHARD B. FLAVELLRichard B. Flavell joined Ceres in1998 as the CSO. From 1987 to1998, he was the Director of theJohn Innes Centre in Norwich,England, a premier plant andmicrobial research institute. Hehas published over 190 scientificarticles, lectured widely and con-tributed significantly to thedevelopment of modern biotech-nology in agriculture. Hisresearch group in the UnitedKingdom was among the veryfirst to successfully clone plantDNA, isolate and sequence plantgenes, and produce transgenicplants. Flavell is an expert incereal plant genomics, havingproduced the first molecularmaps of plant chromosomes toreveal the constituent seq-uences. He has been a leader inEuropean plant biotechnologyinitiating and guiding a pan-European organization to managelarge EU plant biotechnologyresearch programs more effec-tively. In 1999, Flavell wasnamed a Commander of theBritish Empire for his contribu-tions to plant and microbial sci-ences. He is currently an AdjunctProfessor in the Department ofMolecular, Cellular andDevelopmental Biology at theUniversity of California at LosAngeles.

DAVID V. GOEDDELDavid V. Goeddel is SeniorScientific Vice President atAmgen. He joined Amgen whenit acquired Tularik in 2004 wherehe had served as CEO. From thelate 1970s to the early 1990s,Goeddel’s pioneering work ingene cloning and expression atGenentech resulted in fiveGenentech products, includinghuman insulin, growth hormone,interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma and tissue plasminogenactivator. Goeddel has beenelected to the U.S. NationalAcademy of Sciences and theAmerican Academy of Arts andSciences. He received his PhD inbiochemistry from the Universityof Colorado and his BA in chem-istry from the University ofCalifornia, San Diego.

EUGENE GOLDWASSEREugene Goldwasser is responsi-ble for obtaining the first partialamino acid sequence of purifiederythropoietin (EPO), a hor-mone that stimulates the pro-duction of red blood cells, in1977. His fundamental contribu-tions in the identification of EPOled to its therapeutic use in thecorrection of anaemia inpatients with chronic kidney disease, a landmark achieve-ment in the history of renal med-icine. The drug has improved thelives of millions of patientsworldwide and is currentlyundergoing tests for use in thetreatment of sickle cell anaemiaand aids. Goldwasser retired in2002, after 47 years at theUniversity of Chicago.

ANDREW HANDr Andrew Han established firstbiotech start up (Imagene) inKorea in 1997 riding the interna-tional biotech boom and was acatalyst to Korea's biotech com-mercialisation. Currently invol-vedin commercialisation projectsbetween Korea and Australia,Han has introduced a new paradigm to commercialisationapproach to Korean biotech/pharma community. Currently,Han is CEO of SolomonMedical, Bio and Gene andboard member of IDRtech.

WALTER GILBERTWalter Gilbert received the 1980Nobel Prize in Chemistry withPaul Berg and Frederick Sanger.Gilbert and Sanger were recog-nized for their pioneering workin devising methods for deter-mining the sequence of nuc-leotides in a nucleic acid. Gilbertwas founder and CEO of thebiotech start-up Biogen, and wasits first chairman on the board ofdirectors. He also served as aDirector of Transkaryotic Thera-pies. Since 1987, he has held theposition of Carl M. Loeb Univ-ersity Professor in the Depart-ment of Molecular and CellularBiology at Harvard University.Gilbert is also ManagingDirector of BioVentures Inves-tors, Vice Chairman of the Boardof Directors of Myriad Genetics,and a member of the Board ofDirectors of Memory Pharma-ceuticals.

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Goldwasser is responsiblefor obtaining the first partial aminoacid sequence of purified erythropoietin

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BILL HEMBRECHTIn 1968, Bill co-foundedHambrecht & Quist, an invest-ment banking firm specializingin emerging high-growth tech-nology companies. He currentlyserves as a director for numer-ous private and public compa-nies including KQED, Inc., SanFrancisco’s public radio and tele-vision station. Mr. Hambrechtgraduated from PrincetonUniversity.

DR. LEROY HOODLeroy Hood is the President ofthe Institute for Systems Biology.His research has centered onmolecular immunology, cancer,biotechnology, and genomics. AtCalifornia Institute of Technol-ogy, Hood and his colleaguespioneered the DNA genesequencer and synthesizer, andthe protein synthesizer andsequencer, which comprise thetechnological foundation forcontemporary molecular biology.In 1992, Hood moved to theUniversity of Washington asfounder and Chairman of Depart-ment of Molecular Biotechnol-ogy. In 2000, he co-founded theInstitute for Systems Biology inSeattle, Washington to pioneersystems approaches to biologyand medicine. He was awardedthe 2002 Kyoto Prize inAdvanced Technology and the1987 Lasker Award for decipher-ing the mechanism of immunediversity. Hood has also playeda role in founding numerous bio-technology companies, includ-ing Amgen, Applied Biosystems,Systemix, Darwin, and Rosetta.

WOO SUK HWANGWoo Suk Hwang is a Professorof Veterinary Medicine at SeoulNational University, SouthKorea. One of the country’s lead-ing embryonic stem cell (ESC)and somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) scientists, Hwang leadsthe Department of Theriogenol-ogy and Biotechnology, whichfocuses on animal cloning andhuman ESCs. He startedresearching in vitro fertilization(IVF) and embryo transfer tech-niques to improve financial out-come of farmers which resultedin “elite” or “high performance”IVF or SCNT cows that producea larger amount of milk. In 1999,he was the first Korean scientistto report the cloning of aHolstein cow named “Young-long.” Hwang’s research careerincludes the production ofbovine spongiform enceph-alopathy (BSE)-resistant cowsand the cloning of humanembryos, from which stem cellswere harvested. In May, the teamproduced research showing theyhad created stem cell lines thatmatch the DNA of their patientdonors’ cells. In August 2005,Hwang led the team to createthe world’s first cloned dog.

WILLIAM HASELTINEWilliam Haseltine is Chairmanand CEO of Haseltine Assoc-iates and President of theWilliam A. Haseltine Foundationfor Medical Sciences and theArts. He is a professor at TheScripps Research Institute andsits on the board for the Institutefor One World Health. In 1992,he founded Human GenomeSciences, serving as its chairmanand CEO until October 2004.Haseltine founded The Journal ofAIDS Research and Retrovirologyand The Journal of RegenerativeMedicine. He has receivednumerous awards and honorsfor his research on cancer,AIDS, and biotechnology. Hisactive business career includesestablishing seven biotechnologycompanies, among them,Dendreon, Diversa, and HumanGenome Sciences and participat-ing in the formation of another20, including Medimmune, as aHealthcare Ventures advisor.

RUDOLPH JAENISCHRudolph Jaenisch, a foundingmember of the WhiteheadInstitution at MIT, was the firstperson to put foreign DNA (viralin this case) into mouseembryos. This eventually led himto mouse developmental biology.One of these virus insertionshappened to knock out a colla-gen gene and the result was amouse model for a human bonedisease. Jaenisch’s recent workincludes the role of DNA methy-lation in mammalian braindevelopment and the mecha-nism of X inactivation andgenomic imprinting. His currentwork is focused on mousecloning. Jaenisch developed aconditional knock-out mousemodel for MECP2, work thatbegan even before the gene dis-covery connecting Rett syn-drome. The mouse model willgreatly increase understandingof Rett syndrome and future treat-ment options. Says Jaenisch, “Itis exhilarating to connect ahuman disease to my work.”Jaenisch is currently a Professorof Biology at MIT, and memberof the Whitehead Institute.

HAR GOBIND KHORANAHar Gobind Khorana was therecipient of Nobel Prize forMedicine and Physiology alongwith Marshall Nirenberg andRobert Holley for cracking thegenetic code. Khorana and histeam established that the geneticcode is made up of sets of threenucleotides, with each set ofthree nucleotides coding for aspecific amino acid. Khoranawas also the first to synthesizeoligonucleotides. These customdesigned pieces of artificialgenes are widely used in biologylabs for sequencing, cloning and engineering new plants and animals. Khorana’s currentresearch areas include structure-function in rhodopsin and protein-protein interactions inamplification and adaptationamong other topics. He contin-ues to work as the Alfred P.Sloan Professor of Biology andChemistry, Emeritus, and SeniorLecturer at MIT.

ARTHUR KORNBERG Arthur Kornberg received the1959 Nobel Prize for Physiologyor Medicine for discovering themeans by which deoxyribonucle-ic acid (DNA) molecules areduplicated in the bacterial cell,as well as the means for recon-structing this duplicationprocess in the test tube. He ispresently Professor Emeritus atStanford University. He helpeddiscover the chemical reactionsin the cell that result in the con-struction of flavine adenine din-ucleotide (FAD) and diphospho-pyridine nucleotide (DPN),coenzymes that are importanthydrogen-carrying intermedi-aries in biological oxidations andreductions. After elucidating keysteps in the pathways of pyrimi-dine and purine nucleotide syn-thesis, including the discovery ofPRPP as an intermediate, hefound the enzyme that assem-bles the building blocks intoDNA, named DNA polymerase.Since 1991, Kornberg hasfocused on inorganic polyphos-phate (poly P), a polymer ofphosphates that is found in everybacterial, plant, and animal cell.

FRANCOIS JACOBFrancois Jacob won the 1965Nobel Prize in Physiology orMedicine along with Andre Lwoffand Jacques Monod for their dis-covery of the genetic controlover the production of proteinsand enzymes. Jacob coined theterm ‘messenger RNA’ withMonod to describe the templateRNA that carried genetic mes-sages from the DNA to the ribo-somes. Working with SydneyBrenner and Mathew Meselson,Jacob isolated messenger RNA,the molecule which transcribesthe coded information of DNAand then serves as the templatefor this information’s translationinto proteins. Jacob has wonnumerous other awards and is amember of many honorary soci-eties, including the FrenchAcademy of Sciences, theNational Academy of Sciences ofthe United States, and the RoyalSociety of London.

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“It is exhilarating to connect a human disease to my work.”

—Rudolph Jaenisch

ERIC LANDEREric Lander is a Member ofWhitehead Institute and Found-ing Director of the BroadInstitute of MIT and Harvard.He is also a professor of biologyat MIT and a professor of sys-tems biology at Harvard MedicalSchool. Lander was a leader ofthe international Human Gen-ome Project (HGP). Under hisleadership, the Whitehead/MITCentre for Genome Research(which formed the core of theBroad Institute) was responsiblefor developing many of the keytools of modern mammaliangenomics and was a leadingcontributor to the HGP. Landeris now using the knowledge ofthe human genome to find thecauses versus the symptoms ofdisease. He has also led theefforts to develop many newanalytical and laboratory tech-niques for studying complexgenetic traits in human, animal,and plant populations and forcreating a molecular taxonomyof cancer. These techniques havebeen applied to a broad range ofcommon diseases, includingcancer, diabetes, inflammatorydiseases and many other lesscommon genetic illnesses.

SIR DAVID LANE Sir David Lane is the Director ofthe Cancer Research UKTransformation Research Groupat the University of Dundee,where he leads a research teamstudying human tumour sup-pressor gene function. Sir Davidis also the Founder and CSO ofCyclacel, a Dundee-based bio-technology company developingnovel drugs for the treatment ofcancer. Sir David is internation-ally recognised for his originaldiscovery of the p53 proteinSV40 T antigen complex and for his many subsequent contri-butions to the field and wasknighted for his contribution tocancer research in January 2000.He is co-author with Ed Harlowof the most successful practicalguide to the use of immuno-chemical methods: The“Antibodies“ manual has soldover 40,000 copies.

ROBERT LANGER Currently the GermeshausenProfessor of Chemical Engineer-ing at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Robert Langerreceived his B.S. in ChemicalEngineering from CornellUniversity (1970) and his Sc.D.in Chemical Engineering fromMIT (1974), plus three honorarydoctorates. Langer is the onlyactive member of all threeUnited States National Acad-emies and has garnered over 80awards and honours, includingthe Albany Medical Centre Prize(2005), the Charles Stark DraperPrize (2002) and the GairdnerFoundation Inter-national Award(1996). He has been recognisedby Forbes Magazine as one of the25 most important individuals inbiotechnology in the world, andTime Magazine has revered himas one of the 100 most impor-tant people in America. To date,Langer has amassed 380 patentsin the fields of biomedical andchemical engineering, biomateri-als, and controlled drug delivery.

FU-KUEN LINFu-Kuen Lin of Amgen has liter-ally energized the lives of peopleon kidney dialysis. Lin spent twoyears working out the processfor sequencing the EPO proteinand another year to sequenceand clone the process usingChinese hamster ovary cells. In1983 he was able to isolate thegene which coded for humanEPO from a human donor celland then introduced it into amammalian cell in culture,cloning the gene that producesEPO. This led to the productionof the medicine Epogen®

(Epoetin alfa), which has vastlyimproved the quality of life forpeople on kidney dialysis.

MARK J. LEVINMark J. Levin is presently amember of the Board of Dir-ectors of Millennium Pharma-ceuticals and has served as itsPresident and CEO. In 2002, hebecame a peer-appointed mem-ber of the National Academy ofEngineers. From 1987 to 1994,Levin was a partner at MayfieldFund, a venture capital firm, andco-director of its life sciencegroup. While employed atMayfield, Levin was the founderof several biotechnology andbiomedical companies, includ-ing Cell Genesys, CytoTherape-utics, Tularik, and Focal. From1981 to 1987 he served as themanager of process engineeringand as a project leader atGenentech. From 1974 to 1977,he served as a biochemical engi-neer at Eli Lilly & Co.

ARTHUR LEVINSONArthur Levinson is President and CEO Genentech. Levinsonjoined the company in 1980 as a senior scientist and subse-quently held the position of staffscientist and director of theDepartment of Cell Genetics atGenentech. He has been a mem-ber of Genentech’s executivemanagement team since 1990.During his career, Levinson hasserved on the editorial boards ofMolecular Biology and Medicine,Molecular and Cellular Biology,and Virology as well as on theboards of the PharmaceuticalResearch and Manufacturers ofAmerica (PhRMA), the Biotech-nology Industry Organisation(BIO), and the CaliforniaHealthcare Institute. In addition,Levinson has authored or co-authored more than 80 scientificarticles.

DENIS LUCQUINDenis Lucquin, ManagingPartner, joined Sofinnova in1991. Denis began his career inacademic research. For fiveyears, he was in charge of thetechnology transfer departmentat the National Institute forAgricultural Research (INRA),France’s agricultural researchinstitute. In 1989, he joined theventure capital industry as direc-tor of investments at Innolion(Crédit Lyonnais). He carried outmany investments in France andother European countries incompanies such as Nicox,Exonhit, IDM, Neurotech, InnatePharma, Neuro 3D, OxfordGlycosciences, Oxford Mole-cular, PPL Therapeutics, CropDesign, Metris Therapeutics,and Ablynx. He sits on the boardof many of these companies.Denis is also a founder ofAssociation France Biotech.

PHILIP LEDERPhilip Leder is the Chair of theDepartment of Genetics atHarvard University. He has ledpioneering research in the fieldof molecular biology, in particu-lar immunology and cancerresearch. In 1978 and 1979 Ledermade a number of fundamentalcontributions to the knowledgeand structure of genes in higherorganisms. His discovery of thebase sequence of a completemammalian gene (the gene forbetaglobin) enabled him todetermine its organisation indetail, including its associatedcontrol signals. In his recentwork Leder has used transgenicmice carrying a single activatedoncogene to determine howmany genetic mutations are nec-essary for the development of acancer cell. Leder continues tobe one of the foremost research-ers in the oncogene field.

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Leder has led pioneering researchin the field of molecular biology ...

KARY MULLISKary Mullis is the inventor of polymerase chain reaction (PCR),a vital technique for the amplifica-tion of specified sequences ofDNA. The process enables scien-tists to synthesize billions ofcopies of a specific DNA strand in a matter of hours, allowingindepth study of the selected area.PCR is used in many areas of sci-ence, from molecular biology toforensics and palaeontology.Mullis received a Nobel Prize forhis work in 1993. And holds sever-al major patents; his most recentpatent application covers a revo-lutionary approach for instantlymobilizing the immune system toneutralize invading pathogensand toxins, leading to the formation of his latest venture,Altermune LLC.

ALISON MURDOCHAlison Murdoch is the Professorof Reproductive Medicine andHead of Department atNewcastle University, also chair-man of the British FertilitySociety. Murdoch has spent thelast 15 years specialising in fertil-ity treatment after initially train-ing as a consultant gynaecolo-gist. Founding the Departmentof Reproductive Medicine at theNewcastle Fertility Centre in1991, Murdoch has directed it’sgrowth and development intothe leading fertility centre in thenortheast of England andbeyond. Her research team wasthe first in the UK to obtain alicence to clone human embryosfor stem cell research. In addi-tion she is currently Chairman ofthe British Fertility Society and isleading the department intoincreasingly important areas ofresearch both regionally andnationally.

MARSHALL NIRENBERGMarshall Nirenberg is the Chiefof the Laboratory of BiochemicalGenetics at the National Heart,Lung and Blood Institute of theNational Institutes of Health. Hereceived the 1968 Nobel Prize inMedicine/Physiology for histranslation of the genetic codeand its function in protein syn-thesis. Nirenberg and hiscoworkers deciphered the geneticcode and he helped establishedmany clonal lines of mouse neu-roblastoma cells. He created aneuroblastoma-glioma somatichybrid cell line that expressesabundant opiate receptors whichis used as a model system toexplore the mechanism of opiatedependence. Nirenberg and col-leagues discovered and charac-terized Drosophila and mousehomeobox genes. Current stud-ies focus on determining how apattern of neuroblasts thatexpress the vnd-NK-2 gene isformed in the central nervoussystem.

SHIN-YOUNG MOON Shin-Yong Moon is the directorof the Korean Stem CellResearch Centre and serves as aDirector of ART (AssistedReproductive Technology),where his genetics laboratoriesresearch interests include newculture technique of humanembryos, adhesion moleculesand implantation, and prenatalgenetic diagnosis. He alsoplayed a central role in the devel-opment of CHIPS (chromosomeimaging processing system) andFISH (fluorescence in-situhybridization) analyzing system.Moon led a group of researcherswho in 2004 were the first tosuccessfully clone humanembryos and derive a stem cellline from one of those cloned.The Korean researchers showedthey had perfected the cloningtechnique of somatic cell nucleartransfer.

STELIOSPAPADOPOULOSStelios Papadopoulos is a ViceChairman of SG Cowen and asan investment banker he focuseson the biotechnology and phar-maceutical sectors. Prior to join-ing SG Cowen, he spent 13 yearsas an investment banker atPaineWebber, where he was mostrecently Chairman of Paine-Webber Development, a Paine-Webber subsidiary focusing onbiotechnology. Before coming toWall Street, Papadopoulos wason the faculty of the Departmentof Cell Biology at New YorkUniversity Medical Center. Hecontinues his affiliation withNYU Medical Center as anadjunct associate professor ofcell biology. Papadopoulos is acofounder and Chairman of the Board of Exelixis, and he is a cofounder and member of the boards of CellZome andAnadys Pharmaceuticals. He isalso a member of the Board ofDirectors of GenVec, StructuralGenomiX, and Beyond Genomics.

EDWARD PENHOETEdward Penhoet has dedicatedhis career to advocating for thedevelopment and discovery ofcures and preventative meas-ures for many life threatening-diseases. He is currently thePresident of the Gordon andBetty Moore Foundation whichis dedicated to improving thequality of life for future genera-tions through science, educationand environmental conserva-tion. Penhoet develops andmanages the Foundation’sgrantmaking strategies and ini-tiatives in the fields of scientificresearch and higher education.In 1999, Penhoet cofoundedRenovis, a biotech firm workingon the growth and regenerationof nerves. In 1981, he cofoundedChiron and served as its CEOuntil 1998.

CECIL B. PICKETTCecil B. Pickett is Senior VicePresident of the Schering-PloughResearch Institute, the pharma-ceutical research arm ofSchering-Plough. Pickett wasappointed to his present posi-tion in March 2002. He joinedSchering-Plough Research Inst-itute in 1993, and most recentlywas Executive Vice President,Discovery Research, responsiblefor the planning, managementand oversight of Schering-Plough’s new drug discoveryprograms across all therapeuticareas, and for coordinatingthose programs with otherresearch and commercial components. Pickett came to Schering-Plough ResearchInstitute from Merck ResearchLaboratories, where he served asSenior Vice President, basicresearch.

SIR PAUL NURSESir Paul Nurse who shared the2001 Nobel Prize in Physiologyor Medicine, is President of TheRockefeller University. Previouslyhe served as Chief Executive ofCancer Research UK, the largestcancer research organizationoutside the United States. SirPaul’s research includes discov-eries of molecular mechanismsthat regulate the cell cycle. Hiswork, which is fundamental tounderstanding growth and dev-elopment, is also vital to cancerresearch, because mistakes inthe cell duplication process cancontribute to the formation oftumors. Sir Paul joined theImperial Cancer Research Fund(ICRF) in 1984, and in 1988 hemoved to Oxford University tochair the Microbiology Depart-ment. Sir Paul returned to theICRF as director of research in1993, and in 1996 he wasappointed director general. SirPaul was knighted in 1999. Todayat Rockefeller, while serving asPresident, he is also a professorand head of the Laboratory ofYeast Genetics and Cell Biology.

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Murdoch’s research team was the first in the UK toobtain a licence to clonehuman embryos for stemcell research.

C. S. PRAKASHC.S. Prakish got into biotechnol-ogy research because he saw itas a future of biology–especiallyplant–breeding and was encour-aged by the success of green rev-olution in India where he grewup. Prakash believes that geneticengineering will help the human-ity and help enhance the qualityof life for all. He has spent thepast five years intensively onbiotechnology education andoutreach.

DENNIS J. PURCELLDennis J. Purcell is SeniorManaging Director of thePerseus-Soros BioPharmaceut-ical Fund (PSBF). He is respon-sible for the overall managementof the fund, which is dedicatedto making private equity invest-ments in the life sciences indus-try. Prior to joining PSBF, Purcellserved as Managing Directorand Head of Life SciencesInvestment Banking Group atHambrecht & Quist (now J.P.Morgan H&Q). He was honoredin the “Biotech Hall of Fame” byGenetic Engineering News in June1998 and named to theBiotechnology All-Stars list byForbes ASAP in May 1999. Priorto joining Hambrecht & Quist,Mr. Purcell was a ManagingDirector in the HealthcareGroup at PaineWebber.

GEORGE B. RATHMANNGeorge B. Rathmann isacclaimed as a founding fatherof modern biotechnology andpioneer of the biotechnologyindustry. He was the cofounderof Amgen, Inc, serving asChairman, President and CEOfrom its inception in 1980 to1988, and as chairman from1988 to 1990. Rathmann isknown for his contributions tothe development of Epogen, thedevelopment of numerous teststo detect pregnancy and certaindiseases in early stages; and the development of Scotchgard,one of 3M’s most successfulproducts. Rathmann is currentlyChairman of Nuvelo, a companyformed by the merger of Hyseq Pharmaceuticals andVarigenics. Rathmann foundedICOS in 1990 and served as itsChairman until January, 2000.

INGO POTRYKUSIngo Potrykus is ProfessorEmeritus of Plant Sciences, at the Max Planck Institute ofPlant Sciences and has contrib-uted to food security in develop-ing countries. Focusing ondevelopment and application ofgenetic engineering technologyfor crops such as rice (Oryzasativa), wheat (Triticum aes-tivum), sorghum (Sorghum bicol-or), and cassava (Manihot escu-lenta). Potrykus researched theproblems areas of disease andpest-resistance. He is consid-ered the inventor of “GoldenRice” and is chairman of Hum-anitarian Golden Rice Board andNetwork. A recipient of numer-ous awards, Potrykus is a mem-ber of the Academia Europaea,the World Technology Network,and the Swiss Academy ofTechnical Sciences.

CYNTHIA ROBBINS-ROTHCynthia Robbins-Roth, thefounder of BioVenture Publish-ing and BioVenture Consultants,has been part of the biotechnol-ogy industry since 1981. A fre-quent speaker on issues andevents affecting the industry, shecombines a technical back-ground with extensive experi-ence in the business and financeissues that drive this growingsector. Robbins-Roth has been aconsultant to the BioscienceIndustry since 1986; her clientsinclude major venture capitalfirms, established pharmaceuticalcompanies, and early-stage bio-techs. Robbins-Roth foundedBioVenture Publishing, whichproduced BioVenture View, amonthly newsletter covering keybusiness and product develop-ments, and Biopeople Magazine,the first biotech industry busi-ness magazine. She was thefounding Editor-in-Chief ofBioWorld Publications, the firstdaily biotechnology news andinformation service.

ALLEN ROSESAllen Roses is Senior VicePresident, Genetics Research, atGlaxoSmithKline. He was one of the first clinical neurologiststo apply molecular geneticstrategies to neurological dis-eases. His laboratory at DukeUniversity Medical Centerreported the chromosomal loca-tion for more than 15 diseases,including several muscular dys-trophies. He led the team thatidentified a form of the APOEgene as a susceptibility gene inlate-onset Alzheimer disease.His work has greatly contributedto understanding of susceptibil-ity genes in the epidemiology ofmany common diseases. He hasdiscovered genes for more thana dozen other diseases. At GSK,Roses has continued to expandthe support of clinical researchand access of academic investi-gators to new technologies likeinteractive proteomics, singlenucleotide polymorphism’s(SNPs) linkage mapping, andwhole genome SNPs mapping.

WILLIAM RUTTERWilliam Rutter, cofounder ofChiron, is a renowned scientist,academic, and corporate leader.He is recognised for his role inhelping to create the biotechnol-ogy industry and for his interestin shaping that industry to servesociety. In 1969 Rutter joined thebiochemistry faculty of theUniversity of California, SanFrancisco, serving as chairmanfrom 1972. Rutter served asdirector of the HormoneResearch Institute at UCSF from1983 to 1989. He is currently theChairman and CEO of Syner-genics, an advisory firm to start-up biotechnology companies.

ANDY RICHARDSAndy Richards is a serial bio-technology company creator and business angel investor.He is currently a director of Vectura, Biowisdom, Daniolabs,Theradeas, CRT (a commercialarm of CRUK) and BabrahamBioscience Technology. He wasa founder of Chiroscience in1992 and an executive directorthrough to the 1999 merger withCelltech and was a founder ofArakis and a director through tothe Sosei acquisition in August2005. He has also been afounder and/or director of AstonMolecules, Cambridge Biotech-nology, Amedis and Sirus all ofwhich were successfully sold.Prior to Chiroscience he was atICI (now Zeneca) and PAConsulting. He is a Cambridgegraduate with a PhD in EnzymeChemistry. He is a foundermember of the CambridgeAngels, a founder investor inLibraryHouse.

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Potrykus is considered the inventor of “Golden Rice”

FREDERICK SANGERFrederick Sanger and his col-leagues developed many of thetechniques still used in genomicbiology to this day. The funda-mental method of ‘reading’ DNAusing special bases called chainterminators, the use of very thingel systems, the adaptation ofefficient cloning methods to pro-duce both DNA strands and thewhole-genome shotgun were alldeveloped by Sanger and hisgroup during the 1970s. Sangeris the only chemist to havereceived two Nobel Prizes inChemistry, the first as the solerecipient in 1958 for his work onthe structure of proteins, espe-cially that of insulin, and the sec-ond in 1980, shared with PaulBerg and Walter Gilbert, for con-tributions concerning the deter-mination of base sequences innucleic acids. Sanger also devel-oped the whole-genome shot-gun method. He retired in 1985and spends most of his timeworking in his garden.

HUBERT SCHOEMAKERHubert Schoemaker co-foundedCentocor with entrepreneurMichael Wall in 1979. He servedas Chairman of its Board ofDirectors until 1999. WhenCentocor was acquired byJohnson & Johnson, He foundedNeuronyx, which is focused on discovering, developing anddelivering new medicines byleveraging the ability of adultbone marrow-derived stem cellsto repair, regenerate and remod-el tissue in acute and chronicdisease settings. As chairmanof Centocor, he shepherded the firm through setbacks and

successes of drug approvalssuch as US Food & DrugAdministration approval ofReoPro, a drug to reduce heartattacks in patients who have hadangioplasty, and approveal ofRemicade for Crohn’s diseaseand rheumatoid arthritis.

HELMUT M. SCHÜHSLERHelmut M. Schühsler is manag-ing partner of the Life Scienceteam at Techno Venture Man-agement, a German-US venturecapital company. He has beenresponsible for over 20 TVMinvestments in life science com-panies, and has since 1990served on various committees,among others as a member of the Senate of the Hermann von Helmholtz-GemeinschaftDeutscher Forschungszentren(HGF). Currently he is a boardmember at the following life sci-ence companies: Curacyte,Develogen, Ingenium Pharma-ceuticals, Intercell, Morpho-chem, and SelectX. Schühsleralso is a member of theSupervisory Board of theEuropean Venture Capital andPrivate Equity Association(EVCA), and a board member ofGarching Innovation. Prior toTVM, he was an investmentmanager at Horizonte VentureManagement in Vienna.

ROGER SALQUISTA founding partner of Bay CityCapital, a San Francisco-basedmerchant bank, Roger Salquistfocused on securing first andsecond round financing andinvestment for more than 30 lifesciences companies. Prior tofounding Bay City Capital,Salquist was, for 12 years, theChairman and CEO of Calgene, aDavis, Calif.-based agribusinessbiotechnology company, until itwas acquired by Monsanto in1996. He has also served aschairman of the CaliforniaIndustrial Biotechnology Assoc-iation and was founding chair-man of the BiotechnologyIndustry Association’s Food andAgriculture Division. He is thecurrent Chairman of the Boardof University of California, Davis,CONNECT and serves on theadvisory board of the FridayHarbor Laboratories of theUniversity of Washington.

KAROL SIKORA Karol Sikora is Professor ofCancer Medicine and honoraryConsultant Oncologist atImperial College School ofMedicine, HammersmithHospital, London where he wasClinical Director of CancerServices for 12 years. He isScientific Director of MedicalSolutions, Britain’s leading can-cer diagnostic company andSpecial Adviser to HCAInternational in the creation ofthe London Cancer Group Thisincludes the construction of amajor new international cancercentre for care, teaching andresearch in London at the HarleySt. Clinic with joint ventures withfive major NHS Cancer Centres.He has recently been appointedDean of Britain’s first independ-ent Medical School at theUniversities of Brunel andBuckingham.

SIR EDWIN SOUTHERNSir Edwin Southern moved toOxford in 1985 to take up thepost of the Whitley Professor-ship of Biochemistry, a positionhe still holds, and in 1988 intro-duced methods of analysis usingoligonucleotide arrays or ‘DNAChips’. He founded Oxford GeneTechnology in 1995 to commer-cialise his work in the areas ofDNA microarrays. Prior to thisSir Edwin was Associate Directorof the MRC Clinical andPopulation Cytogenetics Unit,where, in 1979 he set up the firstproject to map the humangenome using molecular meth-ods. Between 1967 and 1979 heworked in the MRC MammalianGenome Unit in Edinburghwhere he initiated some of theearliest DNA sequencing. SirEdwin received a knighthood forservices to the development ofDNA technology in 2003. SirEdwin also founded a charityThe Kirkhouse Trust to promoteeducation and research in thenatural sciences. This charity is financed using royalty incomefrom licensing microarray technology.

HENRI A. TERMEERHenri A. Termeer is Chairmanand CEO of Genzyme. Under hisleadership, Genzyme has grownfrom a entrepreneurial ventureinto one of the world’s top five biotechnology companies.Termeer is renowned worldwidefor his contributions to thebiotechnology industry and par-ticularly noted for his expertisein financing new initiatives. Hisinnovative approaches haveearned Genzyme the LagunaNiguel Best of Biotech award in1991 and 1994, as well as theLaguna Niguel Hall of FameAward in 1997. In 2002, Termeerwas elected as Chairman of theBoard of the New EnglandHealthcare Institute (NEHI).Prior to joining Genzyme,Termeer held various manage-ment positions over a 10-yearperiod at Baxter Travenol (nowBaxter International), includingExecutive Vice President ofBaxter’s Hyland TherapeuticsDivision and General Managerof Travenol in Germany.

JAMES SHAPIROJames Shapiro is the Director ofthe Clinical Islet TransplantProgram at the University ofAlberta in Edmonton, Canada.He has led the clinical islettransplant program since hejoined the faculty in 1997, and itwas his key contributions thatled to the development of the“Edmonton Protocol.” He is theprinciple investigator on aninternational multi-centre studyto further evaluate the‘Edmonton Protocol’ initiated inthe United States by a grantfrom the Immune ToleranceNetwork (ITN). This studyinvolves centres in the U.S.Canada, Switzerland, Germanyand Italy. Shapiro and the IsletTransplantation Group wereawarded the ‘OutstandingLeadership in Alberta ScienceAward’ from the Alberta Scienceand Technology Foundation(ASTech) in October 2000.

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Sanger is the only chemist to havereceived two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry

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ALAN TROUNSONAlan Trounson’s research duringthe late 1970s established IVF as a practical and repeatablemethod for the treatment ofhuman infertility that was adoptedworldwide. Trounson presentlyleads the Monash University’sIVF scientific team. His work indevising culture methods for fer-tilization and the early develop-ment of the IVF embryo, resultedin the birth of normal IVF babiesfor many couples. Trounson alsodeveloped freezing techniquesthat would avoid discarding anyembryos or transferring toomany embryos to a woman. Healso showed that successful IVFbirths could result from thedonation of oocytes to womenwithout functioning ovaries andthat embryo donation couldallow older women to success-fully give birth. He was awardeda Personal Chair at MonashUniversity in 1991 and hasreceived numerous medals andawards for his contributions tomedical research, including theWellcome Australia Award in1992, the British Fertility SocietyPatrick Steptoe Memorial Medal in 1994 and Singapore’sBenjamin Henry Sheares Medalin O&G in 1995.

ROGER TSIENRoger Tsien is Professor ofPharmacology at the Universityof California, San Diego, Schoolof Medicine and Professor ofChemistry and Biochemistry atthe University of California, SanDiego. Tsien designed manyhighly informative fluorescentreporters of signaling and geneexpression in live cells and hascreatively used them to elucidatefundamental mechanisms of cal-cium signaling and synapticplasticity. These fluorescentprobes make possible a widerange of high-throughputscreening assays and explo-rations of cell function. Tsien haswon a number of awards for hiswork including the recent 2002Heineken Prize for his work ongreen fluorescent protein. Tsienis a co-founder of Senomyx, abiotechnology company usingproprietary taste receptor-basedassays and screening technolo-gies to discover and developnovel flavor enhancers and tastemodulators for the packagedfood and beverage industry.

THOMAS TUSCHLThomas Tuschl is AssociateProfessor and Head of theLaboratory for RNA MolecularBiology at Rockefeller University.His work on manipulation ofRNAi in the nematode C. eleganscreated a technique that is usedby labs to investigate the func-tion of individual genes. He isnow studying the regulatoryfunctions of RNA. These includeRNA interference, the control ofprotein synthesis by microRNA(miRNA)—which were discov-ered by Tuschl, and RNA-guidedmodifications to chromatin.Tuschl’s current projects includedeveloping sensitive techniquesto detect where and when cellsexpress miRNAs, studying thebiological functions of miRNAs,and identifying the miRNAs thathuman cells express at specificstages of development and inspecific tissues. Tuschl is alsoexploring the links between RNAsilencing and genetic disorderssuch as fragile X syndrome, themost common genetic cause ofmental impairment, as well ascertain cancers.

SUSUMU TONEGAWASusumu Tonegawa received theNobel Prize for Physiology orMedicine in 1987 for his discov-ery of the genetic principle forgeneration of antibody diversity.Although he received the NobelPrize for his work in immunology,Tonegawa is a molecular biolo-gist by training. In his later years,he has turned his attention tothe molecular and cellular basisof memory formation. In 1981,he became a professor at theMassachusetts Institute ofTechnology, where he is stillbased as Picower Professor ofBiology and Neuroscience and a Howard Hughes MedicalInstitute investigator.

MARC VAN MONTAGUMarc Van Montagu is Chairmanof the Institute Plant Biotech-nology for Developing Countries.Marc Van Montagu was formerlyFull Professor and Head of theLaboratory of Genetics at theUniversity of Gent (Belgium)and part-time professor at theFree University of Brussels(VUB). His main fields ofresearch are cell biology, chem-istry, virology, biotechnology,engineering, and microbiology.He is well known (with Prof. Jeff Schell) as the inventor ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens trans-formation technology, now usedworldwide to produce geneticallyengineered plants. Having con-tributed to founding the Belgianbiotech company Plant GeneticsSystems, he was its ScientificDirector for four years and aMember of its Board ofDirectors.

HAROLD VARMUSHarold Varmus, former directorof the National Institutes ofHealth (NIH) and co-recipient ofa Nobel prize for studies of thegenetic basis of cancer, currentlyserves as the president and CEOof the Memorial Sloan-KetteringCancer Center in New York City.Much of his scientific work wasconducted during 23 years as afaculty member at the Universityof California, San Francisco,where Varmus and colleaguesdemonstrated the cellular ori-gins of the oncogene of a chick-en retrovirus. For this workVarmus received the 1989 NobelPrize in Physiology or Medicinealong with J. Michael Bishop. In1993, Varmus was named byPresident Bill Clinton to serve asthe Director of the NIH, a posi-tion he held until his appoint-ment as CEO of the MemorialSloan-Kettering Cancer Center.

J. CRAIG VENTERJ. Craig Venter is founder andpresident of the J. Craig VenterInstitute and the J. Craig VenterScience Foundation. The VenterInstitute conducts basicresearch that advances the sci-ence of genomics; specializes inhigh volume genome sequenc-ing, and explores the ethical andpolicy implications of genomicdiscoveries. The Venter ScienceFoundation supports both theVenter Institute and TheInstitute for Genomic Research(TIGR), an affiliated researchorganization led by Claire M.Fraser. Venter founded TIGR in1992. While on faculty at theNational Institutes of Health,Venter developed expressedsequence tags or EST’s, a revolu-tionary new strategy for discov-ering genes. While at TIGRVenter’s team decoded thegenome of the first free-livingorganism, the bacteriumHaemophilus influenzae, pioneer-ing the new whole genome shot-gun technique. In 1998, Venterbecame the first president ofCelera Genomics to sequencethe human genome using thewhole genome shotgun tech-nique, new mathematical algo-rithms, and new automatedDNA sequencing machines. In2003, Venter launched a globalexpedition to obtain and studymicrobes from environmentsranging from the world’s oceansto urban centres.

AXEL ULLRICHAxel Ullrich is Director of theMax Planck Institute forBiochemistry. A globallyrenowned scientist whose con-tributions to academia and thebiotech industry are widely rec-ognized, Ullrich has been active-ly involved in application-orient-ed gene technology-basedresearch and the development ofthe biotech industry in the USand Germany for the last 25years. As a postdoctoral fellow atthe University of California inSan Francisco (1975-1978) helaid the groundwork for the firstgene technology-based thera-peutic product by cloning thefirst medically relevant geneencoding Proinsulin. As one ofthe leading scientists inGenentech, Ullrich acquired indepth research managementexperience and was instrumentalin the development of the firstrecombinant DNA-based thera-peutic protein, human insulin(Humulin) and the first target-specific anti-oncoprotein thera-peutic for the treatment ofbreast cancer, Herceptin. Ullrichis the founder of two successfulbiotech companies Sugen andAxxima.

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Trounson developedfreezing techniquesthat would avoid dis-carding any embryosor transferring toomany embryos to a woman.

ALAN WALTONAlan Walton is Chairman ofOxford Bioscience, the operatingarm of Oxford BiosciencePartners, a venture partnershipinvesting in life science compa-nies, particularly biotechnology.The Partnership manages $850million and has about 80 companies in its portfolio.Previously, he was President and CEO of University Genetics,a public biotechnology companyinvolved in technology transferand seed investments in university-related projects. Priorto University Genetics, he taughtat several prestigious institu-tions including Harvard MedicalSchool, Indiana University andCase Western Reserve where hewas Professor of Macromolecu-lar Science and Director of the Laboratory for BiologicalMacromolecules. In addition toserving as the author of morethan 130 scientific articles, booksand chapters, Walton holdspatents in the fields of molecularbiology and biotechnology.Walton was a founder of HumanGenome Sciences and Gene-Logic and is the FoundingChairman of the BiotechnologyVenture Investors Group.

JAMES WATSONJames Watson is best known forhis discovery of the structure ofDNA for which he shared withFrancis Crick and MauriceWilkins the 1962 Nobel Prize inPhysiology and Medicine. In1968, Watson became Directorof Cold Spring HarborLaboratory and steered the labo-ratory into the field of tumorvirology. In addition to the high-level research on cancer, plantmolecular biology, and cell bio-chemistry, the laboratory func-tions as a postgraduate universityon DNA science. In 1989 he wasappointed Director of theNational Centre for HumanGenome Research. In 1992,Watson resigned his position atNCHGR after successfullylaunching a worldwide effort tomap and sequence the humangenome. Watson assumed theposition of the President of theCold Spring Harbor Laboratoryin 1994. He has received numer-ous honorary degrees and haspublished five books.

IAN WILMUTIan Wilmut is a embryologist atthe Roslin Institute and in 1996was the first to clone a mammal,a Finn Dorset lamb named Dolly,from fully differentiated adultmammary cells. Wilmut’s work,published in 1997, pushed theconcept of cloning into the newsand public debate. Wilmut andcell cycle biologist KeithCampbell Campbell pioneered athe technique of starving embryocells before transferring theirnucleus to fertilized egg cells.Wilmut and Campbell continuedtheir studies, and in 1997 creat-ed Polly, a sheep cloned fromfetal skin cells that had beengenetically altered to contain ahuman gene. Wilmut, whostates that he sees no reason forthe pursuit of the first cloning ofa human, conducts his researchwith the hopes of producing ani-mals that act as manufacturingplants for valuable human pro-teins, which are costly and diffi-cult to produce in large amountselsewhere.

BERT VOGELSTEINBert Vogelstein was the first toelucidate the molecular basis ofa common human cancer. Hiswork on colorectal cancersforms the paradigm for much ofmodern cancer research, withprofound implications for diag-nostic and therapeutic strategiesin the future. He has receivednumerous awards recognizingthis work and is a member of theU.S. National Academy ofSciences. Vogelstein is currentlythe Clayton Professor ofOncology & Pathology at theSidney Kimmel ComprehensiveCancer Center at Johns Hopkinsand a Howard Hughes MedicalInstitute investigator.

JIANHONG ZHUJianhong Zhu is the Professor of Neurosurgery at FudanUniversity Huashan Hospitaland the Deputy Director ofNational Key Laboratory forMedical Neurobiology in FudanUniversity Shanghai MedicalCollege. He led the first team tosuccessfully grow human braincells in the laboratory, and usedthese to repair the damagedbrains of head-injury victims.The breakthrough brings newhope in the search for therapiesnot only for accident victims butalso for those suffering theeffects of strokes, Alzheimer’s,Parkinson’s and a range of otherdegenerative conditions. Zhu isthe recipient of an Alexander vonHumboldt fellowship and aCheung Kong Professorshipfrom the National EducationMinister. He has been a visitingprofessor of neurosurgery at Benjamin Franklin-MedicalCentre, Free-University Berlin.Zhu serves on the executivecommittee as the current treas-urer for Asia-AustraliasianSociety of Neurological Surgery.

ALEJANDRO ZAFFARONIAlejandro Zaffaroni’s distin-guished career in the health sci-ences has spanned nearly fivedecades. During his 50 yearcareer as a scientist and entre-preneur, Zaffaroni helped totransform the pharmaceuticalindustry. His novel methods forcontrolled drug delivery haveimproved medical therapythroughout the world. Through acombination of scientific creativ-ity and entrepreneurial insightand drive, he created new bio-chemical processes, drug deliv-ery technologies—most signifi-cantly, the birth control pill,transdermal patches and once-a-day pills—and pioneered thedevelopment of new biomedicalindustries. Zaffroni has foundedseveral companies includingALZA, Affymax, and Affymetrix.He is currently the CEO of Symyxand Maxygen.

ROLF ZINKERNAGELRolf Zinkernagel received theNobel Prize for Physiology orMedicine in 1996, for discover-ing how the immune systemrecognises virus-infected cells.His background includes medi-cine, microbiology, physiology,pathology, and immunopathol-ogy. He is currently a Professorand Head of the Institute ofExperimental Immunology,Department of Pathology at theUniversity of Zurich. Zinkernagelspecializes in infectious dis-eases and immunopathology.Over the past few years he hasbeen actively promoting publicunderstanding of gene technol-ogy, animal experiments, andscience in general.

SIR GREGORY WINTERSir Gregory Winter is Head ofProtein and Nucleic Acid Chem-istry at the MRC Laboratory ofMolecular Biology in Cambridge,UK. He has worked at this labo-ratory for more than 30 years,and is a pioneer of the scienceand application of protein andantibody engineering. He is aprolific inventor, in particular of“humanized antibodies” by CDR-grafting and of human antibod-ies by selection from combinato-rial antibody repertories: mosttherapeutic antibodies on themarket utilize his inventions. Heis a co-founder of two antibodybiotech start-ups (CambridgeAntibody Technology andDomantis), and currently servesas a Director and Chairman ofthe Scientific Advisory Board ofDomantis.

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Zhu led the first teamto successfully growhuman brain cells inthe laboratory ...

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