tnp ang final.xpress · 2019-06-01 · biodiversity 71 4.2.4. forestry 74 4.2.5. human health 77...

THIRD national communication on climate change / [Pavlina

Project personnel for coordination of the process:

National climate change focal point:

National GHG Inventory

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate and Climate Scenarios

Water resources

Agriculture

Biodiversity

Forestry

Human Health

Tourism

Climate Change and Cultural Heritage

Socio-economic vulnerability and climate risks

CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION

Chief Technical Advisor

Climate change mitigation consultant

Energy and Transport

Waste

Agriculture

Compilation of the SNC

Design:

Print:

LIST OF EXPERTS:

NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE COMMITTEE

Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

on Climate change

Macedonian Academy of Sciences and ArtsResearch Center for Energy, Informatics and Materials

Office of the Vice President of the Government responsible for economic issues

Ministry of Economy

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy

Ministry of Culture

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Ministry of Education and Science

Ministry of Transport and Communications Dragance Jovev

Ministry of Finance

Secretariat for European Affairs

Economic Chamber of Macedonia, Administrative Office of the Economic Chamber of Macedonia

National Hydro Meteorological Service

Crisis Management Centre

Macedonian Red Cross

ZELS - Association of units of local self-government of the Republic of Macedonia

Tehnolab

Climate Reaction Network

Regional Environmental Center

State Statistical Office

Ministry of Health

Institute of public health

Institute of Occupational Medicine

ABBREVIATIONS

AR4BAUCCPPCHPCNGCOPCORINAIR

CORINECSCDALYDNADOCEEETSEUFAOFNCFODFPGCMGDDGDPGEFGHGGISGIZ

HACCPHPPIBRDICEIM-MANU

IPAIPARD

IPCC Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change

IPPC Integrated Pollution Prevention Control

IRRJICAJRCLPGLULUCFMAFWEMBTMOEPPMSWNAMANCCCNDENEAPNGONPVNWMP

PPPV Photovoltaic

QELRCand Reduction Commitment

R&DRDFRESSESEEFCCA

SEEVCCCSMESNCSoVISRESTNATNCUNDPUNEPUNFCCC

on Climate Change

USAIDUVWHOWMOWMRsZELS

UNITS

EURGWhktktoem3

MEURMKDMtMWNm3

GREENHOUSE GASES

CH4

COCO2

HFCNMVOCNOxPFC

SF6

SOx

6

TABLE OF CONTENTS

National Climate Change Committee 4

Abbreviations 5

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 111.1. Country profile 11

1.2. National greenhouse gas inventory 12

1.3. Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change 12

1.3.1. Climate variability 12

1.3.2. Climate change scenarios up to 2100 13

1.3.3. Sectoral vulnerability and adaptation analyses 13

1.4. Mitigation 16

1.5. Other relevant information 18

2. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES 212.1. Country profile 21

2.1.1. Geography 21

2.1.2. Biodiversity 21

2.1.3. Climate 22

2.1.4. Population 23

2.1.5. Health 23

2.1.6. Politics 24

2.1.7. Economy 24

2.1.8. Energy 25

2.1.9. Transport 26

2.1.10. Industry 27

2.1.11. Agriculture 27

2.1.12. Forestry 27

2.1.13. Tourism 28

2.2. Climate change-related institutional and policy framework 28

2.3. National and regional development priorities and objectives 29

2.3.1. National context of climate change policy 29

2.3.2. International context of climate change policy 29

3. NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY 313.1. Introduction: National greenhouse gas inventory 31

3.1.1. Scope 31

3.1.2. Institutional arrangements 31

3.1.3. Sources of information and the inventory process 32

3.2. Summary of GHG emissions 33

3.3. Sectoral inventories 35

3.3.1. Energy sector 35

3.3.2. Industrial processes 37

3.3.3. Solvent and other product use 39


3.3.5. Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) 40

3.3.6. Waste 41

7

3.4. Key source analysis 42

3.5. Uncertainty estimation 43

3.6. Problems encountered and solutions implemented 44


3.6.2. Industrial processes 44


3.6.4. LULUCF 45

3.6.5. Waste 45

3.7. Recommendations for future improvement 46


3.7.2. Industrial processes and solvent use 46


3.7.4. Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) 47

3.7.5. Waste 47

4. VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE 494.1. National climate and climate change scenarios 49

4.1.1. Climate variability 49

4.1.2. Climate change scenarios up to 2100 54

4.2. Sectoral vulnerability and adaptation analyses 57

4.2.1. Water resources 58



4.2.4. Forestry 74

4.2.5. Human health 77

4.2.6. Tourism 79

4.2.7. Cultural heritage 81

4.2.8. Socio-economic vulnerability and climate risks – A regional assessment 83

4.3. Socio-economic vulnerability and climate risks – A regional assessment 85

4.3.1. Water resources 85



4.3.4. Forestry sector 86

4.3.5. Human health 86

4.4. Constraints and gaps in vulnerability assessments 87

4.5. Opportunities and constraints in the implementation of adaptation measures 87

5. CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION 895.1. Introduction 89

5.2. Mitigation analysis in the energy sector 90

5.2.1. Baseline scenario in the energy sector 90

5.2.2. Mitigation measures in the energy sector 93

5.2.3. Transport 97

5.2.4. Industry 99

5.3. Mitigation analysis in the waste sector 100

5.3.1. Baseline scenario in the waste sector 100

5.3.2. Mitigation measures in the waste sector 100

8

5.3.3. 103

5.4. Mitigation analysis in the agriculture sector 104

5.4.1. Mitigation measures in the agriculture sector 105

5.4.2. Summary of mitigation measures in the agriculture sector 111

5.5. Summary of GHG emissions projections 113

5.6. Other aspects of climate change mitigation 115

5.7. Follow-up activities 115

5.7.1. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) 116

6. COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY FOR CLIMATE CHANGE 1196.1. Information and Networking 119

6.2. Public awareness and outreach 121

6.2.1. Public awareness 121

6.2.2. Public outreach 121

6.3. Summary of the “Climate Change Communication Strategy and Action Plan” 122

7. OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION 1277.1. Technology transfer 127

7.2. Systematic observation 127

7.3. Research and development 128

7.4. Relevant policies 129

7.4.1. Relevant institutions 129

7.4.2. R&D projects related to climate change 131

7.4.3. Education 131

7.5. Capacity strengthening 133

7.5.1. Capacity strengthening projects 133

7.5.2. Capacity strengthening through the National Communications Process 133

7.5.3. Capacity strengthening needs 146

7.6. Financial resources and technical support 136

ANNEX 1: LIST OF NAMAS SUBMITTED AS A PART OF THE COPENHAGEN ACCORD 139

ANNEX 2: POTENTIAL ADAPTATION MEASURES 141

ANNEX 3: CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPACT INDICATORS FOR BUILT HERITAGE AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES 153

Climate change-related research projects in the Republic of Macedonia funded through the 6th and 7th EU Framework Programmes (FP6 and FP7) 155

Climate change-related projects in the Republic of Macedonia funded through the EU Pre-Accession Instrument (IPA), 2007-2013 157

Projects Related to Climate Changes and Environment Funded by the EU TEMPUS Programme, 2010-2013 157

Selected climate change-related publications by Macedonian researchers, 2006-2013 158

ANNEX V: RECOMMENDATIONS DERIVING FROM THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL

9

LIST OF TABLES

5555

111

10

LIST OF FIGURES

51

11

1.1. COUNTRY PROFILE

topographyLand use

biodiversity

climate

precipitation

population

life expectancy

-

politicalsystem economy

agriculture1

-

climate change institutions

-

1

1EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

12

legislation

development priorityacquis communautaire

1.2. NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY

-

1.3. VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE

1.3.1. Climate variability

-

THIRD NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON CLIMATE CHANGE

13

-

1.3.2. Climate change scenarios up to 2100

1.3.3.Sectoral vulnerability and adaptation analyses

Water resources

-

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

14

agriculture

-

-

livestock breeding

viticulture

-

-

biological diversity carried out

-

Pedicularis ferdinandi, Crocus cvijicii Trechusgoebli QuercusCoccifera

-ex situ


15

The forestry

-

human health

-

-

tourism

-

cultural heritage

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

16

socio-economic vulnerability

-

constraints and gaps-

priority adaptation measures

1.4. MITIGATION

.acquis communautaire -

-

energy

-


17

In the waste

Agricultural

In summary

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

18

1.5. OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION

technology transfer

systematic observation -

Current research and development (R&D)

-

Climate change education -

public awareness

public outreach

information and networking -

Capacity strengthening


19

Financial resources

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

20

21

2.1. COUNTRY PROFILE

2.1.1. Geography

-

-

2.1.2. Biodiversity

-

-

2NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES

NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES

22

-

-

2.1.3. Climate


23

o

2.1.4. Population

-

Year Population (thousands)

2.1.5. Health

Year Population (thousands)


24

-

-

-

-

2.1.6.Politics

-

-

2.1.7. Economy

-


25

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

5 5

Current account

2.1.8. Energy


26

Coal and peat

Crude oil

Oil products

Natural gas Nuclear Hydro

Geo-thermal,

solar, etc.

Bio-fuels and waste Electricity Heat Total

Total 114 0 818 41 0 0 10 199 584 54 1820

5

Other

Residential 2 0 43 0 0 0 0 179 278 34 536Commercial and public servicesp 2 0 73 2 0 0 1 14 130 13 234

Agriculture/ forestryf y 0 0 16 0 0 0 8 1 1 0 27

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

-of which petrochemical feedstocksf

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2.1.9. Transport

-

-

5

5


27

-

2.1.10. Industry

2.1.11. Agriculture

-

2.1.12. Forestry

-

and


28

2.1.13. Tourism

-

Wine tourismNature based tourism (summer)

Nature based tourism (winter)

Cultural tourism (tangible)

Cultural tourism (intangible)

2.2.

-

The Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning (MOEPP) -

-

Climate Change Project Office National Climate Change Committee

National Council for Sustainable Development

Law on Environment

-


29

-

acquis communautaire related to climate

2.3. NATIONAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES AND OBJECTIVES

2.3.1. National context of climate change policy

-

Acquis Communautaire

2.3.2. International context of climate change policy

acquis communautaire


30

Works cited:

31

This chapter is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=246

3.1. INTRODUCTION: NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY

3.1.1. Scope

-

Country-Specific Emission Factors key source categories

3.1.2. Institutional arrangements

-

long-term sustainability and transparency of the inventory process

Enterer -Checker

3NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY

NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY

32

National Climate Change Committee

-

private sector -

direct contact with these installations-

3.1.3. Sources of information and the inventory process

-


33

3.2. SUMMARY OF GHG EMISSIONS

-

1990 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Total CO5

Total CO


34

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

CO

CH

O

Total CO

Total CO

-


35

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

CO

3.3. SECTORAL INVENTORIES

3.3.1. Energy sector

-

Coal mining and handling

1 International aviation

1

1

-

-


36

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

CO

CH

O

CO

C

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Energy Industries 6,288 6,222 6,417 5,588 5,754 6,040 5,922

Manufacturing Industry and Construction 632 549 1,136 1,133 1,369 1,205 805

Transport 1,168 1,012 1,018 1,018 1,165 1,200 1,294

Commercial / Institutional /

Residential / Agriculture / Forestry / Fishing

342 348 320 318 282 286 287

Other sectors 455 431 408 332 310 230 279

Fugitive emissions from fuels 183 177 171 168 173 201 184

Total 9,068 8,739 9,471 8,557 9,052 9,161 8,770

3.3.1.1.International aviation bunkers and CO2 emissions from biomass


37

CO

CO

3.3.2.Industrial processes

-.


38

-

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

CO

CO

n/a


39

Industrial Processes and Product Use CO2-eq [%]

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

3.3.3. Solvent and other product use

-

3.3.4.Agriculture

CH enteric fermentationCH manure managementCH rice productionCH

agricultural soils.


40

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

CH

O

CO

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Total Agriculture 1,733.51 1,787.87 1,581.21 1,676.00 1,498.88 1,404.94 1,322.27

3.3.5. Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF)

O -

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

CO removal

CH

O

CO


41

The Forest landd Cropland remaining Croplandd(liming) -

3.3.6.Waste

CHCHCO

increase

country-specific value of 0.19,

(59.9%)


42

emitted include CO

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

CO

CH

O

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

CH 726.78 728.53 732.69 745.30 755.45 767.44 778.70

CH 46.44 49.77 48.43 46.32 44.29 44.54 40.96

CH 15.61 15.60 15.65 15.67 15.66 15.75 15.76

Total CH4 emissions (kt CO2-eq) 788.83 793.90 796.77 807.29 815.40 827.73 835.42

43.02 44.16 42.74 43.85 46.13 43.77 44.67

0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.72 0.77

Total N2O emissions (kt CO2-eq) 43.73 44.87 43.45 44.56 46.84 44.49 45.44

CO 64.91 65.07 65.18 65.28 63.95 65.65 65.99

Total emissions (kt CO2OO -eq) 832.56 838.77 840.22 851.85 862.24 872.22 880.86

3.4. KEY SOURCE ANALYSIS

-


43

IPCC Source Category Sector Source Categories to be Assessed in Key Source Category Analysis

Applicable GHG

Number of years being a key category

COCO

CO CO

O

CHCH

COCO

CHCH

CO

COCO

CO CO

CHCH

CO

CO

CO

COCO

O

5

CH

COCO

3.5. UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION

-


44

CO2-eq

YEAR MAX MIN MEAN ST.DEV DEV/MEAN

2003 10.88%

2004 9.99%

2005 10.36%

2006 11.19%

2007 9.92%

2008 9.71%

2009 16.12%

3.6. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND SOLUTIONS IMPLEMENTED

3.6.1.Energy sector

-

3.6.2.Industrial processes

-

-


45

3.6.3.Agriculture

CH

/

-

3.6.4.LULUCF

-

Conversion of forest land to cropland, grassland or settlements and vice-versa was not taken into account.

The Forestry Inspectorate -

3.6.5.Waste

-


46

country-specificc-

-

3.7. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE IMPROVEMENT

3.7.1.Energy sector

Road transport:

Railway transportation: -

3.7.2.Industrial processes and solvent use

3.7.3.Agriculture


47

3.7.4.Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF)

-

3.7.5.Waste


48

Works cited:

[

and non-CO

49

2 2 -http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=245

4.1. NATIONAL CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS

This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: 7 http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=207

4.1.1. Climate variability

-

4.1.1.1. Temperature Analysis

Station Multi-year variation of average annual air temperature for the

period 1926 to 2012

Average mean annual temperature for the period

1961-1990for the whole period (1926-2012) compared to the average annual temperature for the period between

1961 and 1990C C C

C C CC C C C

4VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE

VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE

50

-

o

4.1.1.2.Precipitation analysis

-


51

4.1.1.3.Extreme temperatures

11

11


52


53


54

cold waves and cold weather

frost days

Absolute minimum air temperatures

4.1.2. Climate change scenarios up to 2100


4.1.2.1.Introduction to the scenarios

-


55

4.1.2.2.Findings – Air temperature

-

-

DJF /A MAM /A JJA /A SON /A Yeat/A

2025

2050

2075

2100

2025

2050

2075

2100

2025

2050

2075

2100

2025

2050

2075

2100

2025

2050

2075

2100

HighgMedium highgMediumMedium lowLow

DJF /A MAM /A JJA /A SON/A Yeat/A

2025

2050

2075

2100

2025

2050

2075

2100

2025

2050

2075

2100

2025

2050

2075

2100

2025

2050

2075

2100

Low 1 1 5 1 5Medium low 1 15 1Medium 15Medium highg 11 11 5 11Highg 5 5 5


56

4.1.2.3. Findings - Precipitation

4.1.2.4.Summary Findings


57

-

4.1.2.5.Comparison of findings with other projections

4.2.SECTORAL VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION ANALYSES

-

--

--

--


58

4.2.1.Water resources

This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=259

-

located in the


59

4.2.1.1. Climate change impacts on water resources

-

Air temperatureo

o

o

o

o

precipitation


60


61

4.2.1.2. Vulnerability assessment for the Strumica River Basin

--


62

-

-

-

4.2.1.3. Adaptive capacity in the water sector (SE Region)

nott


63

4.2.1.4. Adaptation measures in the water resources sector

-

-

-

Construction/modification of physical infrastructure:

Policy:

Water-saving measures

Agricultural measures

Industrial measures:

Energy sector measures:

Preventive measures:Structural measures to avoid mudflows:

Other structural measures:Urban planning measures:

hydraulic hydrologic plan-ning


64

Hydrology Model

Planning Model

4.2.2.Agriculture


-

4.2.2.1. Vulnerability assessment

-

-

4.2.2.2. Impacts on crop yields


65

-

15

15


66

-

4.2.2.3. Economic impacts on agriculture

-

-

Conclusions for wheat

-

Conclusions for maize

-


67

Conclusions for sunflower

-

4.2.2.4. Adaptive capacity in agriculture

-

-

-

4.2.2.5. Adaptation measures in agriculture

-


68

-

-

-

4.2.2.6. Livestock production

-

-

-

-

-


69

-

-

4.2.2.7. Adaptive measures for livestock breeding

Genetically heat tolerant breeding animals:

Adoption of special feed and feeding techniques in periods of excessive heat:

Better housing conditions by adopting proper ventilation, in-house conditioning and installation of cooling systems:

Introduce continuous monitoring of farm productivity that can then be correlated with heat waves and high temperatures to ensure precise loss calculations:

Continuous measurement of GHG emissions

o


70

4.2.2.8. Viticultire

Year Table grapes projected yield (tonnes/ha) Wine grapes projected yield (tonnes/ha)

11

Related to irrigation:

Related to the use of UV nets:


71

4.2.3. Biodiversity


4.2.3.1.Climate change impacts on biodiversity

refugia16

-

Lowland belt.Thymus oehmianus, Ramonda nathaliae, Ramonda serbica, Adianthum

capillus-veneris Drosera rotundifolia, Blackstonia perfoliata, Cladium mariscus, Carex elata, Marsilea quadrifolia, Salvinia natansMountain belt.

Crocus cvijici Colchicum pieperianum Fritillaria macedonica Ranunculus degenii, Saxifraga stellaris . alpigena, Sphagnum spp., Crocus scardicus, Crocus pelistericus, Trollius europaeus, Salix retusa, Salix reticulata, Salix herbacea, Salix alpina, Rhododendron myrthifolium, Pedicularis ferdinandi, Rhododendron ferrugineum, Empetrum nigrum, Loiseleuria procumbens, Dryas octopetala, Listera cordata

Ranunculus degeniii Silene pusilla SphagnumDojran Lake. Phragmites australis

Myriophyllo-Nupharetum Nuphar lutea, Nymphaea alba, and Salvinia natansPrespa Lake. Aldrovanda vesiculosa Salvinia natans and Trapa natansOhrid Lake. Carex elata Senecio paludosus Ranunculus lingua.

Refugium/ Refugiachange


72

-

-

4.2.3.2.Vulnerability in protected areas

-

-


73

4.2.3.3. Modelling vulnerability of biodiversity to climate change

Crocus cvijicii andi Pedicularis ferdinandi Trechus goeblii matchaixero-termophilous

A1B scenario

Plant species

Pinus mugo

Pedicularis ferdinandi

Crocus cvijiciii Pedicularis ferdinandi Crocus cvijiciii

Quercus cocciferaa

Animal species

Trechus goebli

Dinaromys bogdanovii , Dendrocopus syriacus , Trechus goebli and Paradeltomerus paradoxus

Testudo graeca , Coluber najadum Burrhinus oedicnemus , Buteo rufinus , Podarcis taurica

, Vormela peregusna . Testudo graeca, Coluber najadum, Buteo rufinus and Vormela

peregusnaBurrhinus oedicnemus and Podarcis taurica

Montifringilla nivalis

Hirundo rusticaa Delichon urbicaaNeophron percnopterus Ciconia ciconiaa

Vanellus vanellus , Triturus vulgaris , Rana balcanica , Diacyclops pelagonicus and Lycaena dispar

4.2.3.4.Identified constraints and gaps


74

4. Ex situu

;

-

4.2.3.5. Adaptation measures in biodiversity

to prevent excessive loss of biodiversity in the Republic of Macedonia during this century due to the climate change impacts

4.2.4.Forestry


4.2.4.1.Impacts and exposure in the forestry sector

Increasing temperatures:

Increasing frequency of forest fires:

Changes in forest productivity:

-


75

4.2.4.2.Vulnerability of the forest sector to climate change

-

Forest management planning:

Forest utilization:

Forest protection:

Hunting and tourism:

Silviculture:

-

4.2.4.3. Forest health

-

-Pinus peuce

-


76

Year

4.2.4.4. Forest productivity and carbon sequestration

-

-

4.2.4.5. Adaptation measures in the forestry sector


77

4.2.5.Human health


4.2.5.1. Climate impacts on human health

Impact Consequence (pressures to the health system)

Probability of happening

Increased summer temperature, included heat waves

+ High

Warm periods/ heat waves

+ High

Increased average temperatures

Summer temperature p

+ High

Increase in average temperature

UVB radiation

Winter temperature + High

Winter temperature/cold waves

+ High

Extreme weather events medicine

+ High

Extreme weather events moderateExtreme weather events

Temperature and rainfall moderate

Increased average temperatures moderate

Summer temperature

Summer temperaturep moderateExtreme weather events

Extreme weather events

-


78

-

4.2.5.2.Adaptive capacity in the health sector

Aedes aegyptii -

-


79

4.2.5.3.Adaptation measures in the health sector

4.2.6.Tourism


-

“sensitively developed, sustainable ecosystems provide a way to raise public awareness of national parks and biodiversity, while providing income for their upkeep”


80

4.2.6.1. Impacts and vulnerability in the tourism sector

-

--

“the altitude above sea level on which between December 16 and April 15 enough snow for skiing on at least hundred days is avail--aable.”

Ski Resort Height Risk from 2°C increased mean temperature*

-

4.2.6.2. Adaptation measures in the tourism sector

-

th


81

--

Research

Advocacy

Training

Risk Preparedness

4.2.7. Cultural heritage



82

4.2.7.1.Impacts and vulnerability related to cultural heritage

-

-

--

Skopje Aqueduct:

Stobi Archaeological Site:

Plaosnik Archaeological Site in Ohrid:

-

4.2.7.2. Policies and measures to adapt to climate change in the cultural heritage sector

-


83

-

-

-

4.2.8.Socio-economic vulnerability and climate risks – A regional assessment


-


84

Municipality

Bogd

anci

Bosi

lovo

Vala

ndov

o

Vasi

levo

Gevg

elija

Dojra

n

Novo

Sel

o

Rado

viš

Stru

mic

a

1


85

-

-

Municipality SoVI Level of Social vulnerability

High

High

High

4.3. INNOVATIVE ACTIONS UNDERTAKEN RELATED TO VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION

4.3.1. Water resources

4.3.2. Agriculture

-


86

4.3.3. Biodiversity

4.3.4. Forestry sector

“Development of Integrated System for Prevention and Early Warning of Forest Fires”

4.3.5. Human health

-


87

4.4. CONSTRAINTS AND GAPS IN VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS

Data availability, consistency and transparency:-

Scenario development for extreme weather events and seasonal forecasting:

Institutional Structures:

Research:-

Human capacity:

4.5. OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTATION MEASURES

-

-

-


88

Works cited:

th

htm

89

-

5.1. INTRODUCTION

-


possible GHG emissions limitation/reduction targets

measures/activitiesHow costly

non-energy sectorsinvolve stakeholders

joint and cooperative action


5CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION


90

5.2. MITIGATION ANALYSIS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR


-

-

5.2.1. Baseline scenario in the energy sector

Indicator

CO

The following results from the analysis are of note:

-


91

-


92

The investment expenditures


93

-

2011 2014 2017 2020 2023 2026 2029 2032 2035 2038 2041 2044 2047 2050

Agriculture

Commercial

Industry

Power Sector

Residential

Transport

Total

5.2.2. Mitigation measures in the energy sector


94

2021 o 2028 2029 to 2036 2037 to 2044 2045 to 2052 QELRC _LowQELRC _MediumLowQELRC _MediumQELRC _MediumHighQELRC _High

BAU Deviation

2020 2028 2036 2044 2052BAUdev_LowBAUdev_MediumBAUdev_High

Cumulative emissions:Cumulative total system costs:Incremental specific reduction cost:

satisfactory mitigation scenario


95

AMBITION LEVEL

Low Medium High

EU

QELRC

BAUdev

Colour code: Good Acceptable Poor

5.2.2.1. Energy supply with a focus on electricity

and


96

TechnologyInstalled capacity (MW) Lump Sum

Investment (MEUR 2012)2014 2017 2020 2023 2026 2029 2032 2035 2038 2041 2044 2047 2050

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - -

-

- - - - - - - - - - -

-

-

Reduction- - - -

TOTALTT 84,6 203,3 684,6 49,0 184,4 69,1 261,4 413,7 136,6 627,5 36,3 90,9 714,7 5.928

5.2.2.2. Buildings


97

-

5.2.3. Transport


Measure 1: Introduction of low carbon fuels:


-


98

Measure 2: Awareness raising campaigns:

Measure 3: Improvement of travel behaviour:

Measure 4: Improvement of vehicle fleet:

Measure 5: Advancement of vehicle equipment:

-

Mitigation potential and cost-effectiveness

-


99

Mitigation option

EUR/ tCO2

Unit type

Emission reduction

(tCO2/ unit)

Units penetrating in

2020

Emissions reduction in 2020

Per option (Mt/ year)

Cumulative (Mt/ year)

Cumulative fraction of the projected baseline

level in 2020 (%)

5.2.4. Industry

--


100

5.3. MITIGATION ANALYSIS IN THE WASTE SECTOR

This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. 0 The full report is available at: http://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=270

-

-

5.3.1. Baseline scenario in the waste sector

-

5.3.2. Mitigation measures in the waste sector

-

For the wastewater treatment sector for households -


101

For the wastewater treatment sector for industry, -

Measure 1: Closing and covering the existing non-compliant landfills followed by gas extraction and flaring: The current

Measure 2: Mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) in new landfills:

Measure 3: Aerobic treatment (composting) in new landfills:

-


102

Measure 4: Anaerobic treatment of organic waste: -

Measure 5: The production of RDF:

Facility New regional 1

Gas extraction 1

Composting plant2

Anaerobic digestion2

MBT plant1

RDF plant1

Capacity (t/y) 150.000 t/y. 500 m3/h 150.000 t/y.mixed waste

150.000 t/y.mixed waste 150.000 t/y. 51.000 t/y.

selected wasteInvestment costs (EUR)( ) 3.594.444 590.859 5.481.714 12.649.226 27.768.889 2.407.516

Operational costs (EUR)( ) 212.011 53.977 567.155 1.163.193 1.502.592 561.632

Investment unit price (EUR/t)( ) 23,96 3,93 36,54 84,34 185,13 16,05

Operational unit price (EUR/t)( ) 0,81 0,36 3,79 7,76 10,00 3,73

1


103

5.3.3. Mitigation scenarios

-

Scenario Costs (2012 MEUR)

Expected cumulative emissions (kt CO2-eq)

Cumulative GHG reduction

(kt CO2-eq)

Marginal abatement costs (EUR/t

CO2-eq reduced)

/ /First scenario:

Second scenario:

Third scenario:

Fourth scenario:

-


104

-

Mitigation activity Expected results

Financial support for

Implantation Indicators sources Risks

Lump sum investment (MEUR

2012)

Reduction Private in t CO 1

in t CO5

Reduction in t CO

reduction in t CO

5.4.MITIGATION ANALYSIS IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR


-


105

-

-

5.4.1. Mitigation measures in the agriculture sector

-

5.4.1.1. Measure 1: Increase in organic farming

O and CH


106

-

CO2-eq [kt] Mitigated per year with organic crop production

2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2030

Cereals

Fodder Crops

Industrial crops

Oilseeds

Orchards

Vineyards

Vegetables

Fallow - - - - - - - - -

Total

5.4.1.2. Measure 2: Livestock management for less GHG-intensive enteric fermentation

-

-

T1 Enteric Fermentation 2014 2020 2030

Total CH

Total CO

T2 Enteric Fermentation 2014 2020 2030

Total CH

Total CO


107

propionate precursors and probiotics.

Trend line for livestock mix

Total GHG emissions (kt) - Baseline

GHG reduction with measure

Total costs (EUR)

GHG reduction

Measure: Propionate precursors

Trend line T1

Measure: Probiotics

Trend line T1

-only if the Government gives adequate

subsidies

5.4.1.3. Measure 3: Improved crop residues management

-

-


108

5.4.1.4. Measure 4: Improved sprinkler and drip irrigation

CO

-

-

5.4.1.5. Measure 5: Altering tillage techniques

-

Soil technique/Scenario

Emissions (kg CO2-eq per ha-year)

Sequestered (kg CO2-eq per ha-year)

Cumulative emissions until 2030 (kt CO2-eq)

Cumulative sequestration until

2030 (kt CO2-eq)Conventional tillage


109

5.4.1.6. Measure 6: Improved management of fertilizers

-

-

Type of measure Crop Land

(ha)

Reduc-tion potential (kg/

ha)

N2O-N reduc-tion (t)

N2O reduction (t)

N2O reduction (kt)

Cumulative N2O under BAU (kt)

Cumulative N2O reduction

(kt)

manureand

5.4.1.7. Measure 7: Improved manure management

-

CH

daily spread of manures and compostinganaerobic digestion and covered lagoon system


110

5.4.1.8. Measure 8: Production of biogas from farming

-

-

Scenario 1:

Scenario 2:

Scenario 3:

Scenario 4:

-


111

5.4.2. Summary of mitigation measures in the agriculture sector

Mitigation activity Expected resultsFinancial

support for implantation

Indicators sources Risks

Lump sum investment

(MEUR 2012)*

Increase in organic agriculture

area --

(note: Cumulative area on what is practiced organic production is ex-pected to be 30,400 ha to 2030.)

organic agricul-ture

-

are not concurrent due

--

- organic agricul-ture CO

-

convert to organic agri-

-

Organic material and

-

-organic agricul-

-

Improved livestock management for less GHG-intensive enteric fermentation

- -

-

-

Improved manure management-- -

ventional manure management

The annual amount -

-

- --

- The annual amount --

-

--

-


112

Mitigation activity Expected resultsFinancial

support for implantation

Indicators sources Risks

Lump sum investment

(MEUR 2012)*

Improved crop residues management- - 1

-

-

--

Improved sprinkler and drip irrigation

-CO

--

--

- 11

CO -

--

CO

--

-

-

--

-

-

CO

Altering tillage techniques-

-

-

--

COManagement of fertilizers

land

-

-

- --

--


113

5.5. SUMMARY OF GHG EMISSIONS PROJECTIONS

-

-

-


114


115

5.6. OTHER ASPECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION

-

Jobs, R&D and innovation, and accountability for social aspects

The

Institutional arrangements

-

-

5.7.

Analytical workRefining of constraints and assumptions

Estimation of job creation potential

Impact analyses of different policy instruments

mitigation scenarios for non-ETS emissions

to identify the waste composition for the whole country


116

Institutional/regulatory measures

Crosscutting

Inventory team structure

Awareness raisingRaising awareness of national policy-makers from different sectors

participatory approach in decision-makingand behavioural changesThe overall mitigation action extended to the regional level

5.7.1. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs)

-

Urban NAMA for the City of Skopje – Transport sector:

Urban NAMA for the City of Skopje – Energy sector:

-


117

Works cited


118

119

This section is a summary of a report developed for the TNC. The full report is available at: xhttp://www.unfccc.org.mk/Default.aspx?LCID=214&Control=Documents.ascx

-

6.1. INFORMATION AND NETWORKING

6COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY FOR CLIMATE CHANGE

COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY FOR CLIMATE CHANGE

120

-

Over the course of the preparation of the TNC, a number of networking events took place. These are described below:

Donor coordination in climate change area: -

Sharing lessons learned from the National Communications between non-Annex I countries – National Communications Support Programme workshop, Istanbul 2012: -

Environmental Centre in Belgrade, R. Serbia: -

Recent Developments in Regional Policies on Mitigating GHG Emissions from the Waste Sector

9th Annual Meeting of Environmental Civil Society Organisations: th th

Support for preparation of the Roadmap for introduction of the Monitoring, Reporting and Verification of the GHG emissions under EU ETS in the country:

Regional Environmental Network for Accession (RENA):

South Eastern European Forum on Climate Change Adaptation:

-

Climate Eyes android application:

PRES Conference in Rhodes, Greece: th


121

Third International Conference on Waste Management and Climate Change:

6.2.PUBLIC AWARENESS AND OUTREACH

6.2.1. Public awareness

-

nott -

6.2.2. Public outreach


122

6.3.SUMMARY OF THE “CLIMATE CHANGE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN”

-

– the city theworkplace the household

--

-

A cost-effective action plan –

A thorough understanding of the target audience(s) –

Clearly defined desirable outcomes – or QQT -

Sticky messages –

The right mix of communications tools – -

Quality, Quantity, Time.


123

Simple and systematic monitoring – --

that is actually implementedd

Description Target Audience

Proposed Implementing

entityIndicative Cost Items Indicators of success

1climate change communication

-ternal communica-

via the media

5

change communi-

--

-

climate change communication

-- - -

-

-

-

government manual on climate change

--

-tion

-

-lence in local government man-agement

--

-


124

Description Target Audience

Proposed Implementing

entityIndicative Cost Items Indicators of success

--

-

-

11 --

--

climate relevant -

--

Commerce-

climate change mitigation and ad-

--

International

-

Commerce

-

Dedicated training --

International -

-

Commerce

- -tion

-

15 Promote climate

--

--

climate changeg

- --

- -

- -

Climate Change -

-

-

-


125

Works cited:

TNS opinion & social

TNS Opinion & Social.


126

127

7OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION

7.1. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

The Technology Mechanism

The Expert Group on Technology Transfer

-

-

-

7.2. SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION

OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION

128

General support:

Lack of staff:

Lack of funding: Lack of fundingg

Difficulties with maintenance of monitoring stations:

The lack of field vehicles:

Technical/equipment needs:

Data processing needs:

7.3. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

-


129

7.4. RELEVANT POLICIES

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

7.4.1. Relevant institutions

The Ministry of EconomyDepartment for Industrial

Policy Department for Entrepreneurship and Competitiveness of SMEs -

Ministry of Education and Science the Department for the Advancement of Science and Technological-Technical


130

Development -

Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

The Ministry of Information Society and Administration

-

Regional Hub for Social Innovation

-Foundation Business Startup

Centre Bitola

The Foundation for Management and Industrial Research

--

Macedonia Innovation Centre-

The National Centre for Development of Innovation and Entrepreneurial Learning

Gauss Institute – Bitola


131

7.4.2.R&D projects related to climate change

EU Framework Programmesth th

EU pre-accession funding

TEMPUS

Joint Research Center

University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in

Goce Delcev Stip University --

National and international NGOs -

Macedonian Centre for Energy Efficiency(MACEF)

Centre forPromotion of Sustainable Agricultural Practices and Rural development (CEPROSARD)

7.4.3. Education

-


132

The Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje

Undergraduate level (BS)

Post-graduate Level (MS)

Doctoral Level (PhD)

Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, University Ss Cyril and Methodius in Skopje

Undergraduate Level (BS)

Post-graduate Level (MS)

Doctoral Level (PhD)

Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, University Ss Cyril and Methodius in Skopje


Post-graduate level (MS)

Faculty of Management of Ecological Resources, MIT University, Skopje (private)



133

7.5. CAPACITY STRENGTHENING

7.5.1. Capacity strengthening projects

7.5.2. Capacity strengthening through the National Communications Process

-

-

-


134

GHG inventory training and training for roster of experts and inventory review:

-

-

Mitigation assessment training:

Capacity Development Project on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs): -

-tion in the region has

IPCC Expert Meeting on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and Software:


135

Training for usage of BioMa framework in the Joint Research Center (JRC) in Ispra, Italy:

-

Introducing climate change aspects in the protection of cultural heritage:

Training on the development of NAMAs: On

Climate Change Adaptation in Western Balkans

3rd Regional workshop on Energy Planning and Modelling of Energy Systems: The -

Training on climate change and gender aspects of climate change

Training of Trainers on Climate change and Municipal Adaptation Planning:

Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture Project carried out by RDN and funded by USAID -

Organization of informative workshop for journalists:

Climate change workshops for RDN members. -


136

Two results dissemination workshops

Climate Change Public Awareness stand and workshop at Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food: th

--

10 separate on-site demonstrations and trainings

7.5.3. Capacity strengthening needs

7.6. FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT

-


137

Works cited


138

139

NAM

A nu

mbe

rGo

als

Actio

ns

I. GH

G em

issi

on re

duct

ion

in th

e el

ectri

c po

wer

sec

tor

I.1Ha

rmon

izatio

n an

d im

plem

enta

tion

of E

U le

gisl

atio

n in

Ene

rgy a

nd C

limat

eEU

Ene

rgy a

nd C

limat

e Pa

ckag

e;Li

bera

lizat

ion

of e

nerg

y mar

kets

(ele

ctric

ity a

nd g

as).

I.2En

surin

g st

abilit

y in

ene

rgy

supp

ly w

ith in

vest

men

t act

ivitie

s fo

r bu

ildin

g ne

w b

ig h

ydro

po

wer

pla

nts

HPP

Bosk

ov M

ost;

HPP

Galis

te;

HPP

Cebr

en.

I.3En

surin

g st

abilit

y in

ener

gy su

pply

with

inve

stm

ent a

ctivi

ties f

or b

uild

ing

new

ther

mal

pow

er

plan

ts o

n ga

sCH

P Sk

opje

230

MW

;CC

gas

(200

-300

MW

).I.4

Incr

easin

g th

e sh

are

of re

new

able

ene

rgy i

n th

e en

ergy

sect

orSm

all h

ydro

pow

er p

lant

s;W

ind

pow

er p

lant

s;Bi

omas

s ele

ctric

ity a

nd P

V pa

nels

.I.5

Build

ing

plan

ts fo

r pro

duct

ion

of C

HP;

Mea

sure

s for

redu

cing

the

loss

es in

tran

smiss

ion

and

dist

ribut

ion

of e

lect

ricity

;

Anim

atio

n of

inte

rest

ed in

vest

ors w

ith fa

vour

able

lega

l reg

ulat

ions

and

tax r

elie

f;

II. G

HG e

mis

sion

s re

duct

ion

in th

e in

dust

rial e

nerg

y tra

nsfo

rmat

ion

and

heat

ing

sect

ors

II.1

Redu

ctio

n of

the

use

of ca

rbon

inte

nsive

fuel

sRe

plac

emen

t of c

oal w

ith li

quid

or g

aseo

us fu

els;

Repl

acem

ent o

f liq

uid

fuel

s with

gas

eous

fuel

s.II.

2

Inst

alla

tion

of m

easu

rem

ent-

regu

latio

n eq

uipm

ent a

nd a

utom

atic

cont

rol s

yste

ms;

Impr

ovem

ents

of t

he p

erfo

rman

ces o

f the

ther

mal

cycle

;

II.3

Incr

easin

g of

the

cont

ribut

ion

of re

new

able

ene

rgy s

ourc

es in

the

coun

try’s

ener

gy b

alan

ceUt

ilizat

ion

of w

aste

bio

mas

s as a

n en

ergy

sour

ce a

nd a

s a ra

w m

ater

ial f

or p

rodu

ctio

n of

briq

uette

s and

pel

lets

;

Revit

aliza

tion

of o

ther

syst

ems o

n ge

othe

rmal

ene

rgy;

ANNE

X 1:

LI

ST O

F NA

MAS

SUB

MIT

TED

AS A

PAR

T OF

THE

COP

ENHA

GEN

ACCO

RD

ANNEX 1

140

NAM

A nu

mbe

rGo

als

Actio

ns

II.4

Redu

ctio

n of

ene

rgy c

onsu

mpt

ion

in th

e ho

useh

olds

with

mea

sure

s of e

nerg

y sav

ing;

Redu

ctio

n of

ele

ctric

ity u

se fo

r hea

ting;

Intro

duct

ion

of m

easu

rem

ent e

quip

men

t and

char

ging

in a

ccor

danc

e w

ith co

nsum

ptio

n.III

. GHG

em

issi

ons

redu

ctio

n in

tran

spor

t

III.1

III.2

Impr

ovem

ent o

f pub

lic a

nd in

ter-

city t

rans

port

Sync

hron

izatio

n of

the

road

sign

aliza

tion

in th

e to

wns

;In

trodu

ctio

n of

ele

ctro

nic p

ay to

ll ch

argi

ng;

III. 3

Harm

oniza

tion

of n

atio

nal l

egisl

atio

n re

gard

ing

the

trans

port

sect

or w

ith E

U di

rect

ives

EU E

nerg

y and

Clim

ate

Pack

age

(bio

fuel

s);

Regu

latio

n on

fuel

s qua

lity i

n ac

cord

ance

with

EU

norm

s.IV

. GHG

em

issi

ons

redu

ctio

n in

the

was

te s

ecto

r

IV.1

IV.2

Cons

truct

ion

of re

gion

al so

lid w

aste

disp

osal

site

s.IV

.32O)

em

issio

nsIm

plem

enta

tion

of le

gal m

easu

res f

or re

stric

tion

of e

cono

mic

activ

ities

that

inclu

de u

ncon

trolle

d bu

rnin

g of

was

te;

Raisi

ng p

ublic

aw

aren

ess f

or re

stric

tion

of u

ncon

trolle

d bu

rnin

g of

was

te.

IV.4

Redu

ctio

n of

met

hane

em

issio

ns fr

om w

aste

wat

erEx

pans

ion

of th

e w

aste

wat

er tr

eatm

ent p

lant

net

wor

k.V.

GHG

em

issi

ons

redu

ctio

n in

agr

icul

ture

and

fore

stry

V.1

Tran

spos

ition

and

impl

emen

tatio

n of

EU

Com

mon

Agr

icultu

ral P

olicy

(CAP

) leg

islat

ion

Com

plet

ion

of in

stitu

tiona

l and

lega

l ref

orm

s in

the

irrig

atio

n se

ctor

;In

crea

sing

of in

stitu

tiona

l and

indi

vidua

l cap

aciti

es fo

r app

licat

ions

for a

vaila

ble

EU fu

nds;

Deve

lopm

ent o

f sys

tem

for a

pplic

atio

n of

Goo

d Ag

ricul

tura

l Pra

ctice

s;Fi

nanc

ial s

uppo

rt fo

r mot

ivatin

g fa

rmer

s to

use

miti

gatio

n te

chno

logi

es.

V.2

Intro

duct

ion/

dev

elop

men

t of G

HG m

itiga

tion

tech

nolo

gies

in a

gricu

lture

Rese

arch

supp

ort p

rogr

am fo

r dev

elop

men

t of n

ew m

itiga

tion

tech

nolo

gies

and

tran

sfer

of e

xistin

g on

es;

Prog

ram

me

for i

ntro

duct

ion

of p

ract

ices t

hat u

se a

gricu

lture

pot

entia

l for

rene

wab

le e

nerg

y and

carb

on se

ques

tratio

n;Pr

ogra

mm

atic

CDM

pro

ject

sV.

3Tr

aini

ng fo

r CDM

pot

entia

l in

agric

ultu

re;

Trai

ning

for p

repa

ratio

n of

CDM

doc

umen

tatio

n.V.

4Ed

ucat

ion

(of e

xper

ts/ f

arm

ers/

dec

ision

mak

ers)

for

appl

icatio

n of

miti

gatio

n m

easu

res/

te

chno

logi

es in

agr

icultu

reCu

rrent

curri

cula

and

sylla

bi u

pgra

ded

with

clim

ate

chan

ge m

itiga

tion

issue

s;Tr

aini

ng o

f far

mer

s for

ado

ptin

g ne

w te

chno

logi

es;

Fam

iliariz

atio

n of

pub

lic a

nd in

stitu

tions

with

the

prob

lem

of c

limat

e ch

ange

miti

gatio

n.V.

5Im

plem

enta

tion

of th

e na

tiona

l stra

tegi

c doc

umen

ts in

fore

stry

Fo

rest

atio

n an

d re

-for

esta

tion;

Prev

entio

n of

ille

gal c

ut.

141

Actio

n Ty

pe

Stak

ehol

ders

Ti

mef

ram

e F

inan

cing

(EUR

w

here

men

tione

d)Co

nstra

ints

Water resources

Agriculture

Health

Biodiversity

Forestry

DRR

Energy

Cultural heritage

Polic

yen

terp

rises

Long

-ter

m

High

bud

get

XX

X

Impl

emen

tatio

n te

chno

logy

for r

e-us

e of

wat

er

Polic

yen

terp

rises

Med

ium

-ter

m

Med

ium

bud

get

aspe

ct

XX

X

Inve

ntor

y and

GIS

map

ping

the

exist

ing

wel

ls fo

r gr

ound

wat

er u

se

Polic

yw

ater

man

agem

ent e

nter

prise

s Sh

ort-

term

Lo

w b

udge

tLo

w p

ublic

aw

aren

ess

XX

Cons

truct

ion

syst

em fo

r int

er-b

asin

wat

er tr

ansf

er

Polic

ym

anag

emen

t ent

erpr

ises

Long

-ter

m

High

bud

get

Inte

rnat

iona

l fun

ding

pr

ogra

ms

XX

X

Rive

r bas

in m

anag

emen

t pla

n de

velo

pmen

t in

cludi

ng co

njun

ctive

sur

face

and

gro

undw

ater

su

ppl y

Po

licy

mun

icipa

litie

s Sh

ort-

term

M

ediu

m b

udge

tX

XX

GIS

haza

rd e

vent

s m

appi

ng a

nd ri

sk m

anag

emen

t Po

licy

Shor

t-te

rm

Med

ium

bud

get

Lack

of

data

X

XX

XX

XX

man

a gem

ent e

nter

prise

sSh

ort-

term

M

ediu

m b

udge

tFi

nanc

esX

XX

XX

X

Floo

d ea

rly w

arni

ng sy

stem

Po

licy

publ

ic he

alth

Long

term

the

plan

)

Lim

ited

inte

rest

and

un

ders

tand

ing

o f n

atur

e of

the

prob

lem

; Cur

rent

pr

actic

e: w

ait f

or th

e im

pact

then

reac

t

X

X

X

X

ANNE

X 2:

PO

TENT

IAL

ADAP

TATI

ON

MEA

SURE

S

142

ANNEX 2

Actio

n Ty

pe

Stak

ehol

ders

Ti

mef

ram

e F

inan

cing

(EUR

w

here

men

tione

d)Co

nstra

ints

Water resources

Agriculture

Health

Biodiversity

Forestry

DRR

Energy

Cultural heritage

Prim

ary

sect

or: A

gricu

lture

- ge

nera

l

Esta

blish

ing

a na

tiona

l fun

d fo

r tes

ting

of a

dapt

ive

mea

sure

s and

intro

duct

ion

of d

roug

ht re

sista

nt

spec

ies

Polic

y/ L

egisl

atio

nLo

ng te

rm

XX

Subs

idie

s fo

r im

plem

entin

g ad

apta

tion

mea

sure

s fo

r pro

fess

iona

l fa

rmer

sPo

licy/

Leg

islat

ion

MAF

WE

Long

term

X

Deve

lopm

ent a

new

crop

varie

ties s

elec

tion

and

expe

rimen

t pro

gram

me

to in

crea

se cr

op

adap

tatio

n to

adv

erse

impa

cts o

f clim

ate

chan

geCa

pacit

y bui

ldin

gLo

ng te

rmco

ncre

te re

sults

des

pite

th

e lo

ngst

andi

ng re

sear

ch

activ

ities

X

yield

fore

cast

ing

Capa

city b

uild

ing

Med

ium

term

XX

X

Deve

lopm

ent o

f tec

hniq

ues a

nd p

roce

dure

s Ca

pacit

y bui

ldin

gM

ediu

m te

rmLo

w in

tere

st b

etw

een

prim

ary p

rodu

cers

X

prom

otio

n of

sus

tain

able

agr

icultu

ral p

ract

ices.

Capa

city b

uild

ing

Med

ium

term

Low

inte

rest

bet

wee

n pr

imar

y pro

duce

rs

X

Deve

lopm

ent i

rriga

tion

tech

niqu

es a

nd w

ater

su

pply

Ca

pacit

y bui

ldin

gM

ediu

m te

rmbe

twee

n pr

imar

y pr

oduc

ers

XX

whi

ch w

ill c o

nsid

er th

e us

e of

bio

fuel

s as

an a

ltern

ative

to fo

ssil

fuel

s in

agric

ultu

ral

mac

hine

ry.

Polic

y/ L

egisl

atio

nM

ediu

m te

rmob

stru

ctio

ns a

bout

is

it m

ore

impo

rtant

to

prod

uce

food

or f

eed

for

biod

iese

l pro

duct

ion.

X


143

Actio

n Ty

pe

Stak

ehol

ders

Ti

mef

ram

e F

inan

cing

(EUR

w

here

men

tione

d)Co

nstra

ints

Water resources

Agriculture

Health

Biodiversity

Forestry

DRR

Energy

Cultural heritage

Esta

blish

ing

of n

atio

nal n

etw

ork

for l

ong

term

m

onito

ring

of a

gro

clim

atic

and

agro

-eda

phic

and

impl

emen

tatio

n of

ada

ptive

mea

sure

s

Capa

city b

uild

ing

Med

ium

term

X

and

AEZ

Shor

t ter

mX

Capa

city b

uild

ing

Shor

t ter

mX

Inclu

sion

of cl

imat

e ch

ange

ada

ptat

ion

mea

sure

s in

to ru

ral d

evel

opm

ent s

chem

esPo

licy

Med

ium

term

Lack

of c

omm

itmen

t; Lo

w

inst

itutio

nal c

apac

ity

XX

XX

Incr

ease

d or

gani

c far

min

gTe

chni

cal/

inve

stm

ent

agric

ultu

ral p

rodu

cers

Long

term

Depe

nds o

n ha

cove

red

XX

XX

Incr

easin

g pl

antin

g de

pth

Tech

nica

l/ in

vest

men

tag

ricul

tura

l pro

duce

rsLo

ng te

rmDe

pend

s on

ha co

vere

dX

XX

Prim

ary

sect

or: A

gricu

lture

- vi

ticul

ture

Stre

ngth

enin

g an

d st

ruct

ural

chan

ges o

f the

Wat

er

User

Ass

ocia

tions

and

Cor

pora

tions

. Po

licy/

Leg

islat

ion/

Cap

acity

build

ing

gove

rnm

ent

Shor

t ter

mof

aw

aren

ess o

f the

impo

rtanc

e of

this

mea

sure

bet

wee

n ke

y de

cisio

n m

aker

s.

XX

X

Supp

ort t

o th

e W

ater

com

mun

ities

and

chan

ge th

e sy

stem

of i

rriga

tion

wat

er ch

arge

(per

m3)

.Po

licy/

Leg

islat

ion

gove

rnm

ent

Shor

t ter

m

Lack

of a

war

enes

s of

the

impo

rtanc

e of

this

mea

sure

bet

wee

n ke

y de

cisio

n m

aker

s.Th

e pr

epar

edne

ss to

chan

ge th

e pr

esen

t(tr

aditi

onal

) sys

tem

of

char

ge fo

r irri

gatio

n w

ater

base

d on

the

area

(per

unc o

ntro

lled

and

irrat

iona

lus

e of

wat

er.

XX

X

144

ANNEX 2

Actio

n Ty

pe

Stak

ehol

ders

Ti

mef

ram

e F

inan

cing

(EUR

w

here

men

tione

d)Co

nstra

ints

Water resources

Agriculture

Health

Biodiversity

Forestry

DRR

Energy

Cultural heritage

soil

char

acte

ristic

s for

certa

in va

rietie

s (te

rroir)

Legi

slat

ion/

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

gHy

drom

eteo

rolo

gica

l Ser

vice

Shor

t ter

mpu

blic

awar

enes

s by t

he

X

Esta

blish

men

t of f

acilit

ies

for p

roce

ssin

g of

bio

re

sidue

s for

bio

fuel

sCa

pacit

y bui

ldin

gSh

ort t

erm

Low

inte

rest

of p

rimar

y pr

oduc

ers.

X

X

Esta

blish

men

t of e

arly

war

ning

sys

tem

(net

wor

k of

met

eoro

logi

cal s

tatio

ns) f

or im

prov

ed p

est

Capa

city b

uild

ing

Serv

iceSh

ort t

erm

publ

ic aw

aren

ess b

y the

X

Supp

ortin

g th

e re

sear

ch a

nd in

nova

tion

for

deve

lopm

ent a

nd sp

read

ing

the

new

pro

duct

ion

syst

ems a

nd m

easu

res

Capa

city b

uild

ing/

Pol

icySc

ienc

e. In

stitu

te o

f Agr

icultu

re

Scie

nces

and

Foo

d

Shor

t/ M

ediu

m te

rmm

eans

for R

&D a

re

redu

ced.

The

rese

arch

ne

twor

k is

not d

evel

oped

an

d in

nova

tions

lack

s.

X

espe

cially

in ta

ble

grap

e va

rietie

s (su

n bu

rns

prot

ectio

n of

gra

pes)

and

impl

emen

ting

of

inte

grat

ed vi

ticul

ture

pro

duct

ion

(opt

imiza

tion

of

Capa

city b

uild

ing/

Pol

icySc

ienc

es a

nd F

ood

Shor

t/ M

ediu

m te

rm

Low

inte

rest

bet

wee

n pr

imar

y pro

duce

rs d

ue

to la

ck o

f aw

aren

ess.

Th

e go

vern

men

t has

not

ad

opte

d th

e re

gula

tion

for

prof

essio

nal o

ccup

atio

n

dem

ande

d.

X

Supp

ort t

he e

stab

lishi

ng o

f fac

ilitie

s an

d lo

gist

ics

mor

e re

sista

nt to

clim

atic

stre

ss.

Legi

slat

ion/

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

gSc

ienc

es a

nd F

ood

Med

ium

term

of a

war

enes

s of t

he

impo

rtanc

e of

this

mea

sure

bet

wee

n ke

y de

cisio

n m

aker

s.

X

sub

regi

on o

f Pov

arda

rski

regi

on a

nd lo

ng te

rm

Capa

city b

uild

ing

Scie

nces

and

Foo

dM

ediu

m te

rmLo

w in

tere

st b

etw

een

prim

ary p

rodu

cers

X


145

Actio

n Ty

pe

Stak

ehol

ders

Ti

mef

ram

e F

inan

cing

(EUR

w

here

men

tione

d)Co

nstra

ints

Water resources

Agriculture

Health

Biodiversity

Forestry

DRR

Energy

Cultural heritage

Fina

ncia

l sup

port

for i

mpl

emen

tatio

n of

mod

ern

sprin

kler

irrig

atio

nCa

pacit

y bui

ldin

g/Po

licy

Mea

sure

103

–Im

prov

emen

t and

up

grad

ing

of th

e ex

istin

g vin

eyar

ds

acco

rdin

g EU

stan

dard

s); M

AFW

E

the

agric

ultu

ral s

ecto

r

Med

ium

/Lon

g te

rm

A sy

stem

for s

ubsid

izing

of

thes

e ty

pes o

f in

vest

men

ts h

as n

ot ye

t be

en in

trodu

ced

by th

e

sour

ces a

nd le

ndin

g in

stru

men

ts a

re n

ot

avai

labl

e fo

r the

farm

ers.

X

Fina

ncia

l sup

port

for i

mpl

emen

tatio

n of

met

hods

an

d te

chni

ques

for i

ncre

asin

g of

wat

er u

se

etc.

Capa

city b

uild

ing/

Pol

icy

Mea

sure

103

–Im

prov

emen

t and

up

grad

ing

of th

e ex

istin

g vin

eyar

ds

acco

rdin

g EU

stan

dard

s); M

AFW

E

the

agric

ultu

ral s

ecto

r

Med

ium

/Lon

g te

rm

The

farm

ers d

o no

t hav

e ac

cess

to th

e w

ater

re

sour

ces.

A sy

stem

fo

r sub

sidizi

ng o

f the

se

type

s of i

nves

tmen

ts h

as

not y

et b

een

intro

duce

d by

the

Gove

rnm

ent T

he

lend

ing

inst

rum

ents

ar

e no

t ava

ilabl

e fo

r the

Low

inte

rest

and

kno

w-

how

bet

wee

n pr

imar

y pr

oduc

ers

XX

Long

term

inve

stm

ents

in re

cons

truct

ion

and

exte

nsio

n of

dam

s an

d irr

igat

ion

sche

mes

. Ca

pacit

y bui

ldin

g/ P

olicy

gove

rnm

ent

Long

term

Lack

of i

nput

for

estim

atio

n. E

ach

case

ne

eds f

easib

ility s

tudy

w

ith d

etai

led

budg

et

of a

war

enes

s of t

he

impo

rtanc

e of

this

mea

sure

bet

wee

n ke

y de

cisio

n m

aker

s. Th

e co

oper

atio

n be

twee

n th

e ce

ntra

l and

loca

l go

vern

men

t and

farm

ers

XX

X

146

ANNEX 2

Actio

n Ty

pe

Stak

ehol

ders

Ti

mef

ram

e F

inan

cing

(EUR

w

here

men

tione

d)Co

nstra

ints

Water resources

Agriculture

Health

Biodiversity

Forestry

DRR

Energy

Cultural heritage

Fina

ncia

l sup

port

of d

isloc

atio

n of

vine

yard

s on

a hi

gher

alti

tude

and

mor

e ap

prop

riate

/ res

istan

t va

rietie

s to

frost

s.Ca

pacit

y bui

ldin

g/ P

olicy

Mea

sure

101

-Ren

ewal

of t

he

exist

ing

viney

ards

acc

ordi

ng E

U Lo

ng te

rm

- Pos

sible

lack

of

appr

opria

te a

reas

. Ex

tens

ion

of th

e ex

istin

g irr

igat

ion

sche

mes

an

d ad

ditio

nal c

osts

fo

r pum

ping

of w

ater

(p

umpi

ng st

atio

ns).

X

- Add

ition

al in

vest

men

ts

for l

and

prep

arat

ion

and

foun

datio

n of

vine

yard

s.

- Inc

reas

ed p

rodu

ctio

n co

sts a

s res

ult o

f hig

her

altit

ude

and

high

er

trans

port

cost

s.

- Lac

k of

capa

city

and

prep

ared

ness

of

for l

ocal

gov

erna

nce

parc

elisa

tion

and

foun

datio

n of

ara

ble

land

in

the

hilly

/ hig

her a

ltitu

de

zone

s.

of e

stab

lishi

ng o

f new

vine

yard

s (on

ly 2%

impr

ovem

ent o

f the

age

stru

ctur

e of

vine

yard

s

Capa

city b

uild

ing/

Pol

icy

Mea

sure

101

-Ren

ewal

of t

he

exist

ing

viney

ards

acc

ordi

ng E

U st

anda

rds)

; MAF

WE

- Pro

gram

for

sect

or

Long

term

X

- A sy

stem

for s

ubsid

izing

of

thes

e ty

pes o

f in

vest

men

ts h

as n

ot ye

t be

en in

trodu

ced

by th

e Go

vern

men

t.

Prim

ary

sect

or: A

gricu

lture

- liv

esto

ck p

rodu

ctio

nIn

trodu

ce g

enet

ically

hea

t tol

eran

t bre

edin

g an

imal

sTe

chni

cal/

inve

stm

ent

agric

ultu

ral p

rodu

cers

Long

term

Depe

nds o

n th

e fa

cility

X

Adop

tion

of sp

ecia

l fee

d an

d fe

edin

g te

chni

ques

in

perio

ds o

f exc

essiv

e he

atTe

chni

cal/

inve

stm

ent

agric

ultu

ral p

rodu

cers

Long

term

Depe

nds o

n th

e fa

cility

X


147

Actio

n Ty

pe

Stak

ehol

ders

Ti

mef

ram

e F

inan

cing

(EUR

w

here

men

tione

d)Co

nstra

ints

Water resources

Agriculture

Health

Biodiversity

Forestry

DRR

Energy

Cultural heritage

of co

olin

g sy

stem

sTe

chni

cal/

inve

stm

ent

agric

ultu

ral p

rodu

cers

Long

term

Depe

nds o

n th

e fa

cility

X

Intro

duce

cont

inuo

us m

onito

ring

of fa

rm

prod

uctiv

ity th

at ca

n th

en b

e co

rrela

ted

with

hea

t w

aves

and

hig

h te

mpe

ratu

res

to e

nsur

e pr

ecise

lo

ss ca

lcula

tions

Tech

nica

l/ in

vest

men

tag

ricul

tura

l pro

duce

rsLo

ng te

rmDe

pend

s on

the

facil

ityX

Prim

ary

sect

or: B

iodi

vers

ity

Mon

itorin

g of

the

stat

us o

f alie

n (a

nd in

vasiv

e)

spec

ies

of p

lant

s M

onito

ring

Cont

inuo

usM

onito

ring

of a

lien

spec

ies s

till n

ot

esta

blish

ed w

ithin

MoE

PPX

X

Mon

itorin

g of

the

stat

us o

f ani

mal

spec

ies-

vect

ors

of d

iseas

esM

onito

ring

Inst

itutio

ns

Cont

inuo

us

Lack

of s

uita

ble

rese

arch

ca

pacit

ies;

Lac

k of

co

oper

atio

n be

twee

n M

inist

ry o

f Hea

lth

inst

itutio

ns

XX

Elab

orat

ion

of li

st o

f spe

cies f

or w

hich

“ex s

itu”

cons

erva

tion

is ne

cess

ary

Rese

arch

Inst

itutio

nsSh

ort t

erm

XX

Adop

tion

of p

olicy

inst

rum

ents

for i

mpl

emen

tatio

n of

corri

dors

man

agem

ent p

lans

into

nat

iona

l and

re

gion

al sp

atia

l pla

nnin

gPo

licy

Med

ium

term

Lack

of g

ood

coop

erat

ion

scie

ntist

s and

pub

lic

ente

rpris

es

XX

X

Case

stud

y of i

mpl

emen

tatio

n of

the

ecol

ogica

l ne

twor

k co

ncep

t in

regi

onal

pla

nnin

g ba

sed

on

inte

r-se

ctor

al a

ppro

ach

Polic

ySh

ort t

erm

Lack

of g

ood

coop

erat

ion

scie

ntist

s and

pub

lic

ente

rpris

es

XX

X

Adap

tatio

n of

fore

stry

man

agem

ent p

lans

in th

e m

ain

fore

sted

bio

corri

dors

to p

rovid

e th

eir b

ette

r fu

nctio

nalit

y in

term

s of c

limat

e ch

ange

impa

cts

Polic

yM

ediu

m te

rmM

ore

than

EUR

Fo

rest

ry se

ctor

still

not

tra

nsfo

rmed

acc

ordi

ng to

th

e tre

nds i

n EU

XX

prod

uctio

n sy

stem

s bas

ed o

n us

ing

alte

rnat

ive

Rese

arch

Loca

l Sel

f-go

vern

men

t

Shor

t ter

m

Lack

of i

nstit

utio

nal

com

mitm

ent;

Lack

of

suita

ble

rese

arch

ca

pacit

ies i

n M

aced

onia

X

X

148

ANNEX 2

Actio

n Ty

pe

Stak

ehol

ders

Ti

mef

ram

e F

inan

cing

(EUR

w

here

men

tione

d)Co

nstra

ints

Water resources

Agriculture

Health

Biodiversity

Forestry

DRR

Energy

Cultural heritage

mov

emen

t and

mig

ratio

n of

thre

aten

ed p

lant

and

an

imal

spe

cies b

y the

clim

ate

chan

geRe

sear

chSh

ort t

erm

Lack

of s

uita

ble

rese

arch

ca

pacit

ies i

n M

aced

onia

XX

X

Dete

rmin

atio

n of

eco

logi

cal m

inim

um fo

r m

ount

ain

wat

er e

cosy

stem

sRe

sear

chSh

ort t

erm

Lack

of i

nstit

utio

nal

com

mitm

ent

XX

Hydr

olog

ic st

udy f

or th

e vu

lner

abilit

y of l

owla

nd

Rese

arch

Med

ium

term

Lack

of g

ood

hydr

olog

ic an

d bi

odive

rsity

dat

aX

X

Asse

ssm

ent o

f the

impa

ct o

f per

iodi

c nat

ural

and

glac

ial l

akes

in cl

imat

e ch

ange

cont

ext

Rese

arch

Shor

t ter

mLa

ck o

f cap

acity

and

kn

owle

dge

XX

Asse

ssm

ent o

f the

impa

ct o

f per

iodi

c nat

ural

and

of m

ount

ain

bogs

and

sprin

gs in

clim

ate

chan

ge

cont

ext

Rese

arch

Shor

t ter

mLa

ck o

f cap

acity

and

kn

owle

d ge

XX

Asse

ssm

ent o

f the

impa

ct o

f per

iodi

c nat

ural

and

of lo

wla

nd m

arsh

es a

nd b

ogs

in cl

imat

e ch

ange

c o

ntex

t

Rese

arch

Shor

t ter

mLa

ck o

f cap

acity

and

kn

owle

dge

XX

popl

ar a

nd P

erip

loca

in th

e re

gion

of G

evge

lija

Rese

arch

Shor

t ter

mLa

ck o

f cap

acity

and

kn

owle

dge

X

X

Stud

y of t

he h

istor

ical a

nd p

rese

nt ti

mbe

r lin

e an

d m

odel

ling

of fu

ture

chan

ges i

nduc

ed b

y the

c li

mat

eRe

sear

chCo

ntin

uous

Lack

of h

istor

ic da

ta

XX

Deta

iled

map

ping

and

mod

elin

g of

the

chan

ges o

f so

me

mou

ntai

n pa

stur

e ty

pes

as a

pilo

t stu

dy fo

r cli

mat

e ch

ange

Rese

arc h

Shor

t ter

mLa

ck o

f sui

tabl

e re

sear

ch

capa

citie

s in

Mac

edon

ia

X

X

Deta

iled

revis

ion

of th

e M

aced

onia

n pr

otec

ted

area

s sys

tem

in co

nnec

tion

to cl

imat

e ch

ange

ad

apta

tion.

Rese

arch

Shor

t ter

mM

ore

than

EUR

Lo

w in

stitu

tiona

l cap

acity

X

XX

Esta

blish

ing

of a

n in

ters

ecto

ral b

ody a

mon

g th

e ad

min

istra

tions

that

hav

e th

e re

spon

sibilit

y for

stra

tegy

for a

ctivi

ties

Polic

y

Sum

i

Shor

t ter

m

Low

aw

aren

ess f

or th

e im

porta

nce

of b

iodi

vers

ity

and

thre

ats i

mpo

sed

by

wat

er se

ctor

X

X


149

Actio

n Ty

pe

Stak

ehol

ders

Ti

mef

ram

e F

inan

cing

(EUR

w

here

men

tione

d)Co

nstra

ints

Water resources

Agriculture

Health

Biodiversity

Forestry

DRR

Energy

Cultural heritage

Prim

ary

sect

or: F

ores

try

Deve

lop

a co

mpl

ete

prog

ram

me

for a

dapt

ing

fore

stry

to g

loba

l clim

ate

chan

ge;

Capa

city b

uild

ing

Med

ium

term

To b

e ev

alua

ted

XX

X

Esta

blish

men

t of 5

mon

itorin

g st

atio

ns in

fore

st

regi

ons

for t

he co

ntin

ued

mon

itorin

g of

clim

ate

chan

ge;

Rese

arch

/ Cap

acity

bui

ldin

gSh

ort t

erm

To b

e ev

alua

ted

Fina

ncia

l

X

usag

e in

fore

stry

;Te

chni

cal/

inve

stm

ent

Shor

t ter

mTo

be

eval

uate

d

X

X

supp

ress

ion;

Tech

nica

l/ in

vest

men

tSh

ort t

erm

To b

e ev

alua

ted

Fina

ncia

l

X

XX

Cond

uct a

thor

ough

bio

mas

s sto

ckin

g ex

ercis

e (th

e la

st o

ne w

as d

one

in 1

977)

;Re

sear

ch/ C

apac

ity b

uild

ing

Shor

t ter

mTo

be

eval

uate

dFi

nanc

ial

XX

Adap

tatio

n of

the

Man

agem

ent p

lans

in th

e fo

rest

ry se

ctor

to in

corp

orat

e cli

mat

e ch

ange

fa

ctor

s.Po

licy

Shor

t ter

mTo

be

eval

uate

dCa

pacit

y

X

Prim

ary

sect

or: H

uman

hea

lth

Prep

arat

ion

and

esta

blish

men

t of R

egio

nal C

C He

alth

Ada

ptat

ion

Stra

tegy

Polic

y Sh

ort t

erm

Lack

of s

uppo

rtive

guid

ance

XX

XX

XX

X

Esta

blish

men

t of S

E Re

gion

al in

ters

ecto

ral

Com

mitt

ee m

onito

ring

the

clim

ate

chan

ge

adap

tatio

n pr

oces

sCa

pacit

y bui

ldin

g

Regi

onal

and

loca

l stru

ctur

es a

nd

bran

ches

Shor

t-te

rm

for t

he w

ork

of th

e co

mm

ittee

)

Lim

ited

inte

rest

and

un

ders

tand

ing

of n

atur

e an

d ex

tent

of r

isks a

nd

vuln

erab

ilitie

s – cu

rrent

as a

big

pro

blem

and

the

tem

ptat

ion

is to

wai

t for

th

e im

pact

then

reac

t;

XX

XX

XX

X

Enha

ncin

g of

the

ongo

ing

publ

ic he

alth

act

ivitie

s in

the

regi

onCa

pacit

y bui

ldin

gpu

blic

heal

th in

stitu

te a

nd P

ublic

stru

ctur

es a

nd m

unici

palit

ies

Shor

t-te

rm

on th

e pr

esen

t pub

lic

heal

th b

udge

t + n

ew

empl

oym

ents

)

Publ

ic he

alth

bud

get

hum

an ca

pacit

ies

X

150

ANNEX 2

Actio

n Ty

pe

Stak

ehol

ders

Ti

mef

ram

e F

inan

cing

(EUR

w

here

men

tione

d)Co

nstra

ints

Water resources

Agriculture

Health

Biodiversity

Forestry

DRR

Energy

Cultural heritage

Educ

atio

n an

d tra

inin

g of

the

heal

th p

rofe

ssio

nals

fo

r dea

ling/

man

agem

ent w

ith th

e CC

impa

cts

and

adap

tatio

n m

easu

res o

n he

alth

sect

or

Capa

city b

uild

ing

Med

ical F

acul

ty to

lead

trai

ning

Repr

esen

tativ

es o

f reg

iona

l and

lo

cal s

truct

ures

and

mun

icipa

litie

s

Cent

er o

f cris

is br

anch

es

Shor

t-te

rmlim

ited

inte

rest

X

Crea

tion

of in

form

atio

n an

d da

ta co

llect

ion

emph

asize

d in

this

stud

y inc

ludi

ng th

ose

with

lim

ited

or n

o da

ta

Capa

city b

uild

ing

Me d

ical F

acul

ty to

dev

elop

and

pi

lot C

C ea

rly w

arni

ng in

form

atio

n S h

ort-

term

Lack

of s

uppo

rtive

budg

et li

mita

tion

X

Rese

arch

stud

ies a

bout

cost

of d

amag

es

adap

tatio

n m

easu

res;

Esta

blish

men

t of i

nteg

rate

d CC

ear

ly w

arni

ng a

nd

mon

itorin

g he

alth

info

rmat

ion

syst

em in

cludi

ng

esta

blish

men

t of a

ir po

llutio

n m

onito

ring

+ cr

eatio

n an

d m

aint

enan

ce o

f CC

heal

th d

atab

ase

esta

blish

men

t of a

dapt

atio

n an

d re

silie

nce

plan

s in

the

heal

th ca

re in

stitu

tions

+ b

uild

ing

resil

ienc

e:

To b

e an

upg

rade

of t

he e

xistin

g Ho

spita

l saf

ety

inde

x and

disa

ster

pre

pare

dnes

s pl

ans

Capa

city b

uild

ing

Min

istry

of H

ealth

– to

mak

e pr

oper

spec

ial b

udge

t or/a

nd a

rrang

e fu

nd

raisi

ng

Long

term

with

inac

cor d

ance

with

pro

per

prio

ritiza

tion

and

oper

atio

nal p

lans

Lim

ited

inte

rest

and

un

ders

tand

ing

of n

atur

e an

d ex

tent

of r

isks

and

vuln

erab

ilitie

s +na

tiona

l and

loca

l bud

get

cons

train

ts

X

Impr

ovin

g th

e dr

inki

ng w

ater

qua

lity (

and

quan

tity)

es

pecia

lly in

rura

l are

as

Infra

stru

ctur

e m

easu

re

gove

rnm

ents

– to

mak

e sp

ecia

l o p

erat

iona

l pla

n an

d se

cure

a

spec

ial b

udge

t or/a

nd a

rrang

e fu

nd ra

ising

for i

mpr

ovem

ent o

f t h

e dr

inki

ng w

ater

trea

tmen

t and

m

onito

ring

in ru

ral a

reas

Lon g

term

with

inac

cord

ance

with

pro

per

prio

ritiza

tion

and

o per

atio

nal p

lans

Lim

ited

inte

rest

and

un

ders

tand

ing

of n

atur

ean

d ex

tent

of r

isks a

ndvu

lner

abilit

ies +

nat

iona

l/ lo

cal b

udge

t con

stra

ints

;La

ck o

f ava

ilabi

lity o

r re

stric

ted

acce

ss to

ap

prop

riate

tech

nolo

gies

; Pr

ohib

itive

cost

s of

optio

ns w

hen

bud g

ets a

re

limite

d.

XX


151

Actio

n Ty

pe

Stak

ehol

ders

Ti

mef

ram

e F

inan

cing

(EUR

w

here

men

tione

d)Co

nstra

ints

Water resources

Agriculture

Health

Biodiversity

Forestry

DRR

Energy

Cultural heritage

safe

ty co

ntro

l and

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the

HACC

P

mar

ketin

g in

cludi

ng a

tran

spar

ent a

nd re

gula

rly

upda

ted

regi

onal

food

safe

ty d

ata

base

Capa

city b

uild

ing

Long

term

Lim

ited

inte

rest

and

un

ders

tand

ing

of n

atur

e an

d ex

tent

of r

isks

and

vuln

erab

ilitie

s +

natio

nal a

nd lo

cal b

udge

t co

nstra

ints

XX

Prim

ary

sect

or: C

ultu

ral h

erita

ge

Impr

ovin

g th

e un

ders

tand

ing

of a

dver

se im

pact

s of

clim

ate

chan

ge o

n cu

ltura

l her

itage

Rese

arch

/ Cap

acity

bui

ldin

gau

thor

ities

. The

mun

icipa

lity o

f the

cit

y of S

kopj

e. R

esea

rch

inst

itutio

ns

and

unive

rsiti

es.

Shor

t ter

mFi

nanc

ial

XX

Asse

ssin

g th

e vu

lner

abilit

y of b

uilt

and

arch

aeol

ogica

l her

itage

as

wel

l as h

istor

ical

cultu

ral l

ands

cape

s in

by ra

pid

impa

ct a

sses

smen

tRe

sear

ch/ C

apac

ity b

uild

ing

Shor

t ter

mFi

nanc

ial

XX

Esta

blish

ing

a m

onito

ring

prog

ram

for d

amag

es

on b

uilt

and

arch

aeol

ogica

l her

itage

as w

ell a

s hi

stor

ical c

ultu

ral l

ands

cape

s fo

r sho

rt te

rm

extre

me

wea

ther

eve

nts

and

lon g

term

clim

ate

chan

ge

Rese

arch

/ Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Min

istry

of C

ultu

re a

nd cu

ltura

l au

thor

ities

in cl

ose

coop

erat

ion

with

M

OEPP

and

rele

vant

env

ironm

enta

l au

thor

ities

Shor

t ter

mFi

nanc

ial

XX

X

the

mai

n ca

tego

ries o

f cul

tura

l her

itage

Rese

arch

/ Cap

acity

bui

ldin

gpu

blic

Med

ium

term

X

Lim

iting

dam

ages

thro

ugh

impl

emen

tatio

n of

a

long

term

man

agem

ent s

trate

gies

rela

ted

to th

e ad

apta

tion

of cl

imat

e ch

ange

impa

cts

on h

erita

geTe

chni

cal/

inve

stm

ent

Herit

age

Site

Man

ager

sLo

ng te

rmX

XX

152

ANNEX 2

153

Clim

ate

Para

met

ers

Met

eoro

logi

cal C

hang

esCl

imat

e In

dica

tors

Para

met

ers

Impa

ct In

dica

tors

Para

met

ers

Tem

pera

ture

tem

pera

ture

rang

em

ean

mon

thly

tem

pera

ture

°Cst

one

dete

riora

tion

loss

of s

tone

s/br

icks

freez

e-th

aw cy

cles

tem

p. a

bove

and

bel

ow 0

°C in

24h

num

ber o

f da

ys/y

fresc

o de

stru

ctio

nsu

rface

laye

r los

s (μ

m/y

)

ther

mo

shoc

km

in/m

ax t

emp.

In 2

4h o

n su

rface

dete

riora

tion

of fa

cade

surfa

ce la

yer l

oss

(μm

/y)

rela

tive

hum

idity

rang

e RH

max

.- RH

min

.%

salin

izatio

n

mea

n RH

%in

sect

infe

ctio

n (e

.g. d

ry ro

d) o

f woo

den

cons

truct

ion

spec

ies

and

woo

den

cons

truct

ion

infe

sted

by f

ungi

and

inse

cts

Wat

er

heav

y ra

infa

ll ev

ents

>200

mm

/day

num

ber o

f ev

ents

stat

ic in

stab

ility

of b

uild

ings

and

ar

chae

olog

ical r

emai

nsin

clin

atio

n (m

m/y

)

tota

l rai

nfal

l of r

ain

perio

d >

1000

mm

/per

iod

num

ber o

f pe

riods

mat

eria

l%

km²

mlo

ss o

f bui

ldin

g m

ater

ial a

nd lo

ss o

f co

llect

ions

even

ts

days

win

d dr

iven

rain

win

d sp

eed

and

amou

nt o

f pre

cipita

tion

m/s

ec a

nd m

m

rain

fall

salin

izatio

n fro

st-d

amag

e (W

inte

r)

loss

of s

tone

s/br

ickss

urfa

ce

(μm

/y)

dry p

erio

dspe

riods

with

out r

ain

days

of ve

geta

tion

cove

rsu

rface

laye

r los

s (μ

m/y

)

Win

dSa

ndst

orm

win

d sp

eed

m/s

ecsa

ndbl

ast o

f fre

scos

and

dec

orat

ed

faca

des

surfa

ce la

yer l

oss

(μm

/y)

colo

ur

ANNE

X 3:

CL

IMAT

E CH

ANGE

AND

IMPA

CT IN

DICA

TORS

FOR

BU

ILT

HERI

TAGE

AND

ARC

HAEO

LOGI

CAL

SITE

S

154

ANNEX 3

non

clim

ate

para

met

ers

land

use

chan

gein

crea

sing

are

a of

set

tlem

ent a

ndin

frast

ruct

ure

km²

asse

ssm

ent r

epor

tur

bani

zatio

nse

aled

are

a in

ratio

to to

tal a

rea

%

pollu

tant

sSO

2x

mg/

m³

surfa

ce lo

ss μ

m/y

pHgl

ass

corro

sion

co

lour

of f

acad

es

155

Clim

ate

chan

ge-r

elat

ed re

sear

ch p

roje

cts

in th

e Re

publ

ic o

f Mac

edon

ia fu

nded

thro

ugh

the

6th

and

7th

EU F

ram

ewor

k Pr

ogra

mm

es (F

P6 a

nd

C No.

Title

Pr

ogra

m &

Cal

lSt

art d

ate/

Bud

get

(€) f

or R

MM

aced

onia

n Pa

rtner

1Ec

o-ho

uses

bas

ed o

n Ec

o-fri

endl

y Pol

ymer

Com

posit

e Co

nstru

ctio

n M

ater

ials

FP6

01-1

0-20

04/

2RI

SE -

Rene

wab

les f

or Is

olat

ed S

yste

ms-

Ener

gy su

pply

and

Was

te W

ater

Tr

eatm

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ars/

oper

ator

3LP

AMS

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duct

ion

Proc

ess f

or In

dust

rial F

abric

atio

n of

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e Am

orph

ous-

FP6

3 ye

ars /

Mac

edon

ian

Acad

emy o

f Scie

nces

and

Arts

4Re

new

able

Ene

rgy T

echn

olog

ies i

n Po

or E

urop

ean

Regi

ons;

FP

63

year

s /

Mac

edon

ian

Geot

herm

al A

ssoc

iatio

n;

5Di

oxid

eFP

6M

aced

onia

n Ge

othe

rmal

Ass

ocia

tion

6RE

COVE

R - R

enew

able

Ene

rgy C

oord

inat

ed D

evel

opm

ent i

n th

e W

BC;

FP6

2 ye

ars /

Mac

edon

ian

Geot

herm

al A

ssoc

iatio

n

7in

the

WBC

; FP

6M

aced

onia

n Ge

othe

rmal

Ass

ocia

tion

9Bi

omas

s En

ergy

Eur

ope

01-1

0-20

08/

Mac

edon

ian

Geot

herm

al A

ssoc

iatio

n

10ea

rt h o

bser

vatio

ns01

-10-

2008

/Ba

lkan

Fou

ndat

ion

for S

usta

inab

le D

evel

opm

ent

11Te

stin

g In

nova

tive

Stra

tegi

es fo

r Cle

an U

rban

Tran

spor

t for

hist

oric

Euro

pean

cit

ies

01-1

0-20

08/

Mun

icipa

lity o

f Sko

pje;

Pub

lic Tr

ansp

ort C

ompa

ny

ANNE

X 4:

Cl

imat

e ch

ange

-rel

ated

rese

arch

pro

ject

s in

the

Repu

blic

of M

aced

onia

fund

ed th

roug

h th

e 6t

h an

d 7t

h EU

Fra

mew

ork

Prog

ram

mes

(FP6

and

FP7

)

156

ANNEX 4

12So

uth-

East

Eur

opea

n TS

O Ch

alle

nges

01-0

1-20

10/

tech

nolo

gies

; Ope

rato

r of P

ower

Tran

smiss

ion

Syst

em o

f Mac

edon

ia-M

EPSO

13ra

ting

plat

form

FP7-

rese

arch

for S

ME-

2011

01.1

0.20

11/

14FP

7-re

sear

ch fo

r SM

E-20

1101

-01-

2012

/Ce

nter

for P

lasm

a Te

chno

logi

es -

PLAS

MA

ltd.

15w

ater

pre

para

tion

and

spac

e he

atin

gFP

7-SM

E-20

1001

-01-

2011

/Ce

nter

for P

lasm

a Te

chno

logi

es -

PLAS

MA

ltd.

16Ob

serv

atio

n In

itiat

ives

01-1

0-20

10/

Balk

an F

ound

atio

n fo

r sus

tain

able

dev

elop

men

t

17St

reng

then

ing

and

deve

lopm

ent o

f Ear

th O

bser

vatio

n ac

tiviti

es fo

r the

en

viron

men

t in

the

Balk

an a

rea

01-1

0-20

10/ E

UR

18Pr

omot

ion

and

coor

dina

tion

of e

nviro

nmen

tal r

esea

rch

in C

entra

l and

Eas

tern

Eu

rope

for a

sust

aina

ble

Deve

lopm

ent w

ith th

e su

ppor

t of t

he E

nter

prise

Eur

ope

01-1

0-20

11/ E

UR

Foun

datio

n fo

r Man

agem

ent a

nd In

dust

rial R

esea

rch

19Cl

imat

e Ch

ange

Cor

rela

tions

FP7-

PEOP

LE-2

011

01-1

0-20

11/ E

UR

2001

-10-

2011

/ EUR

21te

chno

logi

es fo

r ren

ewab

le e

nerg

y app

licat

ions

FP7-

SME

Asso

ciatio

n-20

1101

-01-

2012

/ EUR

2201

-01-

2012

/ EUR

Ce

nter

for P

lasm

a Te

chno

logi

es -

PLAS

MA

ltd.

2301

-10-

2013

/ EUR

FT

M-U

CIM

limat

e ch

ange

-rel

ated

rese

arch

pro

ject

s in

the

Repu

blic

of M

aced

onia

fund

ed th

roug

h th

e 6t

h an

d 7t

h EU

Fra

mew

ork

Prog

ram

mes

(FP6

and

FP

7) F

P7)


157

Climate change-related projects in the Republic of Macedonia funded through the EU Pre-Accession Instrument (IPA), 2007-2013

Title Institution Short Description Duration

1 Monitoring of the environment of the

Technical SciencesEnvironmental protection of the Tikvesh area and 2011-2012

2 Environmental Highway Observatory (e-Highway)

Agency for State Roads Measure 2.1 Promote and protect the environmental resources of the area

3 Local Communities in Municipality of sensitization and Volunteer participation of local communities in order to Improve river water quality and quality of life in cross border area

4Promotion of Balkan Forest Genetic Resources with Aesthetic Value (ISPROP

Goce Delcev University – Stip(Faculty of Agriculture)

The ultimate objective of this project is to protect the forest genetic resources of the cross-border area

2012

5 Local Communities in Environment

protection plan “FIRESHIELD” tal Action

Municipality of Bitola Municipality of Prilep

Fire protection plan to mitigate the unwanted

Projects Related to Climate Changes and Environment Funded by the EU TEMPUS Programme, 2010-2013

No Title Faculty Project Number Duration

1 Creation of University-enterprise cooperation network for education on sustainable technologies

Faculty of Technology and

Methodius University -Skopje

158989-TEMPUS-1-2009-BE-TEMPUS-JPHES

2010-2013

2 Development of Environment and Resources Engineering Learning

Faculty of Mechanical

Methodius University -Skopje

511001-TEMPUS-1-2010-1-IT-TEMPUS-JPCR

2010-2013

3 Regional Joint Doctoral Programme in Entrepreneurship and SME Management for Western Balkan Countries

Ss. Cyril and Methodius University - Skopje

510993-TEMPUS-1-2010-1-IT-TEMPUS-JPCR

2010-2013

158

ANNEX 4

Selected climate change-related publications by Macedonian researchers, 2006-2013

Chemical Engineering Transactions 35 press

Assessment of Climate Change Mitigation Potential of the Energy 57

Journal.

J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 5, 041814 (2013); doi: 10.1063/1.4813401

the Renewable Energy Sources Absorption Capacity of the J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 5

041805 (2013); doi: 10.1063/1.4812999

Energy 48Elsevier Journal.

Thermal Science, 16(3)

Good practices in the preparation of the greenhouse gas Inventories

compilation of lessons learned and experiences from selected

Environmental and Economic Aspects of Higher RES Penetration into Applied Thermal Engineering, 43

Energy 36

potential of GHG emissions reduction in Macedonia by renewable electricity. Chemical Engineering Transactions 25

and environmental effectiveness of climate change mitigation

Energy 34

the workshop “Fulfilling the monitoring and reporting requirements

Popovska C. (2004) Climate Change and Vulnerability Assessment

Proceedings of the 6th International Scientific Conference on

Popovska C. (2011). Invited speaker on: Tectonic Lakes: Climatic

Zdraveva P.Assessment of climate change mitigation potential

Dubrovnik 2013.

159

-ommendations have been reached:

CONCLUSIONS:

objectives;

35;Even though the objectives of the planning document in the considered sectors generally are

requires further adjustment on plan or program level; Depending on the selection and sensitivity of the locations where the activities for adaptation

the conditions of the environmental media and areas on a project level. But these impacts will have a lower intensity in comparison with the condition without the implementation of the planning document;

as measures for mitigation and adaptation to climate change.

RECOMMENDATIONS

To assess the level of implementation of the planning document i.e. to check the applicability of the proposed measures for adaptation to climate change in all sectors; The scenarios on changes in the climate and their impacts on the vulnerability of the sectors to be taken into consideration when preparing or changing strategic documents on spatial planning (State Spatial Plan);

measures for GHG reduction and adaptation of the most vulnerable sectors proposed in the planning document with the sectorial strategic and planning activities that cover the same

enterprises and private sector will be established;To provide an appropriate structure of planning and introduction of the aspects for climate

authorities and the academic sector;

of the GHG inventory;

35

same measures in certain sectors cannot be fully applicable on the entire territory of the Republic of Macedonia.

ANNE

X 5:

RE

COM

MEN

DATI

ONS

DERI

VING

FRO

M T

HE S

TRAT

EGIC

160

ANNEX 5

Establishment of a (financial) tool for financing the activities/measures for climate change mitigation and adaptation of the mostvulnerable sectors to climate change is needed;The prioritization of the budget and donor financial flows to include also the indicator – if the planned activities contribute in theclimate change reduction or reduces the vulnerability of the concerned sector to climate change;

the planning document;