tmm 21:10:2014 alessiocaciagli
TRANSCRIPT
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HZDR SUMMER STUDENT PROGRAM 2014
A summer well spent playing with big lasers
Utrecht, 21.10.2014
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Introduction
• Question: where has Alessiobeen during August and
September?
• Answer: in Germany!
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Introduction
• More precisely… In Dresden!
• Among other things… Famous forDresden (Messen) porcelain
• Artistic opinion of a local:
– Very expensive and…
– …Kitch…
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Introduction
• Question: why was Alessio there?
• Answer: for a Summer School! – HZDR Summer Student Program
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Introduction
• HZDR is not just a
single building… • Several facilities,
several research fields
– Energy (materials
efficiency, nuclear
reactors…) – Health (cancer
research, brain
diseases…)
– Matter (material
science with ion
beams, accelerator
research…)
My topic:
Laser-Particle Acceleration forCancer therapy application
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Particle Acceleration
How to accelerate particles?
...With big rings and long
corridords (and a lot of
money)
GSI Darmstadt
DESY Hamburg
10 MV/m
Particle are subjected to an
electromagnetic field
They acquire kinetic energy
Higher electric
field (lighter
particles)
Higher kinetic
energies
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Particle Acceleration
How to reach higher kinetic energies?
...With even bigger rings and (an insanely awful lot of) more money
LHC at Geneva
(Switzerland).
Radius: 27 km
(Image: CERN)
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Particle Acceleration
... Maybe there is another (less bloody expensive) way
10.000.000 MV/m
~ mm
High-power laser hitting an aluminum foil target
(DRACO Laser at HZDR, Dresden)
• 106 times bigger electric
field than in a Linear
Accelerator (LINAC)!
• Acceleration length: ~mm
against ~km
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Particle Acceleration
100 TW Laser I = 1020 W/cm2 E0 = 1012 V/m
3 J in 30 fs
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Laser Acceleration: Medical application
Why Laser Particle Acceleration?
Laser Driven Proton
Therapy
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Why Laser Particle Acceleration?
Advantages overconventional
accelerators:
short acceleration length
Laser Acceleration: Medical application
10.000.000 MV/m
~ mm
Advantages over
conventional cancer
therapy (photontherapy):
Better dose delivery
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Protonen N o r m i e r t e D o s i s
Eindringtiefe in Wasser / cm
Photonen
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Protonen N o r m i e r t e D o s i s
Eindringtiefe in Wasser / cm
Photonen
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Protonen N o r m i e r t e D o s i s
Eindringtiefe in Wasser / cm
Photonen
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Protonen N o r m i e r t e D o s i s
Eindringtiefe in Wasser / cm
Photonen
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Protonen N o r m i e r t e D o s i s
Eindringtiefe in Wasser / cm
Photonen
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Protonen N o r m i e r t e D o s i s
Eindringtiefe in Wasser / cm
Photonen
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Protonen N o r m i e r t e D o s i s
Eindringtiefe in Wasser / cm
Photonen
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Protonen N o r m i e r t e D o s i s
Eindringtiefe in Wasser / cm
Photonen
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Protonen N o r m i e r t e D o s i s
Eindringtiefe in Wasser / cm
Photonen
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Protonen N o r m i e r t e D o s i s
Eindringtiefe in Wasser / cm
Photonen
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Protonen N o r m i e r t e D o s i s
Eindringtiefe in Wasser / cm
Photonen
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(175-190 MeV)Protonen
Protonen N o r m i e r t e D o s i s
Eindringtiefe in Wasser / cm
Photonen
Normal tissue tumor
N o r m a l i z e d d o s e
Depth in water [cm]
Photons
Protons
Protons(175-190 MeV)
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Experimental setup at HZDR: DRACO
All this stuff is also done in Dresden…
With DRACO
DResden l Aser aCceleration sOurce
In short words…
A high-power ultra-short-pulses laser
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Experimental setup at HZDR: DRACO
• Power: 150 TW (1012 W)
• Peak Intensity: ~1021
W/cm2
• Ultra-short pulses: 4J in ~30 fs
• Pulse train: 10 Hz
Initial short pulse
StretcherOscillator (Ti:Sa)
Compressor Target
Area
Power Amplifiers
High-energy
Ultra-short
pulse
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Experimental setup at HZDR:
DRACO
Laser beam
Target
Proton beam
Target alignment!
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My contribution: right in the focus of the
Big Laser
• How to know if you are inthe focus?
– Use a camera!
In focus Out of focus
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My contribution: right in the focus of the Big Laser
Yes, sometimes
experiment &
computer
models can live
together…
(even though it’s
a forced
convivence)
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My contribution: right in the focus of the Big Laser
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My contribution: right in the focus of the Big Laser
25 points per minute (was 6…)
Precision requirement: ± 10 μm
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Translational Research – Laser Driven Dose Delivery System
Basic research
Clinical practiceLaser driven dose delivery system
Stable & reliable laser protonaccelerator
Precise beam delivery
Real-time dosimetry
Laser / plasmadevelopment
100
depth in water [cm]
• Proton energy
increase
• Sufficiently
monoenergetic
beam r e l a t i v e e f f e c t i v e d
o s e [ % ]
Clinical trials
In vitro- cells
In vivo - animals
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Translational Research – Laser Driven Dose Delivery
System
• Direct comparison of laser driven and conventionally accelerated
protons: no difference between both radiation types
• Dose controlled irradiation (over 4000 shots)
• Relative error of less 10% clinical precision standard (3-5%)
within reach
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Translational Research – Laser Driven Dose Delivery
System
• Next phase: in vivo irradiations
Main challenge: increase of proton energies to at least 200 MeV
(current is 70 MeV)
Upgrade the laser system
Enhance the effectiveness of acceleration mechanism
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Multiple filamentation of freely
propagating 100 TW beam in air
Thank you for your
attention!
Example of freely
propagating Alessio in the lab
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Laser Acceleration: TNSA
Acceleration responsible mechanism:
Target-normal sheath acceleration(TNSA)
2. Electron Transport1. Electron Acceleration 3. Electron-proton plasma
expansion
Ion energies: up to 70 MeV
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Laser acceleration: Medical application
I = 1020 W/cm2
100 TW Laser I = 1020 W/cm2 E0 = 1012 V/m
Advantage over conventional photon therapy: better dose delivery
0 20 40 60 80 100
Photon irradiation, 9 fields
% Dmax
12C-ion irradiation, 2 portals
0 20 40 60 80 100 % Dmax
Courtesy: O. Jäkel, DKFZ Heidelberg