tm9-1900 ammunition general, june 1945

GENERAL

dRDEP: I RTA- r 1- WT TEc: HNI C3L Al WNUALTM9- 000

Thi n Topl snl csd Manual super sr dX TI N 9- 1940 . dat ed S Jol y 1$42. end Chsngax No, 1, dal adAugust I 943; OST 0- i e . l +ol a, 1 t o 5, i nr l . , r l st ad Oct ober 1742; OFSTb 1944- 11, dat ed L3] neaunr y 1943 ; OFSTI I 1904- 13, dat ed 23 Apr i l 1943 ; WL>TB 9 1940- 11, Ant ed 21 Apr i l 1943;nY&Tl t 1940- 1G, dat ed 11 Juua 10431, OFSTE 1900- 17- t l wt ed 20 Sept ember 1943 ; WDTB9- 1} LO- 14, dal ad S August 1944 ; and l 4i WAORD 51, dat ed i hdpr r f t 1943. Thi s Techni vat] annual aupar sedea pnsi i r mt , of WDTB ORD 194 { 9 i r pr i nt of OF5TO 1940- t f l ) , dat ed 5Camber 1943 WDTB ORD 214, dat ed 38 Oct oher 1444; gi , d WDTB ORD 349, dat ed1 Fr Lr uar y 1445 .

1' 11 "A1t I M1' . I Ra' ME. ' 1T

0

J UNE 1945

RESTRI CTED. DI SSaMI NdTI ON OF RESTRI Cr ED bf dTTER.No per son i s endt l ed t l * i y by vi r t ue of hi s gr ade or ppsi dan t o 6r mkdga, or pussr sgi on of r l aui f i ed mat uz Such mat t er i s ent r ust ed aal y t o t bo&i ndi vi dual 9 whose uf l caal dut i es mgui r a such kl i owl edge or powmi on-

( 3ac al so par agr aph 23%AR38D- 5, 15 Mar ch 1944. )

WARDEPARTMENTWashi ngt on 25, D, C, 18 June 1945

T

9- 1900, Ammuni t i on, Gener al , i s publ i shed f or t he i nf or mat i onand gui dance of al l concer ned.

A. G300, 7 ( 22 Aug44)0. 0. 300. 713890

BY ORDER of THESCARYOFWAx:

OFFI CI AL:EDWARD F. WI TSELL,

Maj or Gener al ,Act i ng Tho Adj ut ant Gener al .

G- C. MARSHALL,Chi ef of St af f .

D=RmuTi ox: AAF ( 5) ; AGF ( 5) ; ASF ( 2) , S Di v A5F ( 1) ;Tof Opn ( 10) ; AA, F Comd ( 2) ; Ar m& Sv Bd ( 1) ;Tech Sv ( 2) ; SvC ( 10) ; FC ( 1) ; BU( 1) ; 1?E, Or d0 ( 5) ; Di st O, 9 ( 5) ; l eg O, 9 ( 2) ; Est abl i shment s,9 ( 5) except AmEst abl i shment s ( 2) ; Decent r al i zedSub- 0, 9 ( 2) ; Gen &Sp Sv Sch ( 10) ; A ( 10) ; C14Q( 10) ; D( 2) ; B 2, 4- 6, 18, 44 ( 1) ; F 2, 4- 11, I 7- 19,44, 55 ( 1) ; En 2- 11, 17- 19, 44, 55 ( 1) ; C2- 11, 17- 19,44, 55 ( 1) ; AF ( 2) 1 W( 1) ; G( 1) ; S( 1) ; LS ( 1) ;F ( 1) .

( For expl anat i on of symbol s, see FM21- 6. )

CONTENTS

I . Hi ghexpl osi ves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24- - 4a

37- 48

'

V1. Chemi cal agent s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49- 58

48- 53

TM 9- 19000

ac. OWaFYa

" ago&

CHAPTER

1 . GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1- 58

1- 53

SECTI ON

I .

I nf aduct i on

. . . . . .

, . ,

.

. . .

. .

.

.

1-

3

1

I I , Gener al di scussi on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4- - 10

2- 25

I I I . Mi l i t ar y expl osi ves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11-

15

26- 31

I V. Pr opel l ant s . . . .

. . .

. . . . . . . .

. .

16- 23

31- - 37

CHAPTER 2. CLASSBs OF AMMUNI TI ON. . . . . . . . . . . 59- - 158

54- 212

SECTI ON

I , Smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on . . . . . .

. .

59- 80

54- 75

I I . Or enades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

81- 91

75- 85

I I I , Mor t ar ar nmuni t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

92- 96

86- 92

I V. Ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on . . . . . . . . . . . .

97- 148

93- 131

V. Bombs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109- 119

131- 160

VI . Pyr ot echni cs . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120_- 138

160- 181

VI I . Racket s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139- 146

181- 193

VI I I . Land mi nes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147- 153

194- 204

I X. Demol i t i on mat er i al s

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 154- 158

204- 212

7M9- 1900

r or oar oo.

CHAPTER 3, CAKE, HANDLI NG, AND PRESER-

re, . ,

VATI ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159- 223 213

SECTI ON 1. Gener al saf et y pr ecaut i ons . . . . . . . . . 159- 166 213- - 225

I I . St or age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157- 174 225- 260

111. St or age at suppl y pai nt s anddumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175` 176 261- 2153

I V. packi ng andmar ki ng . . . . . . . . . . 177- X82 263- 270

v. Shi ppi ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183- 190 270- 283

VI . I nspect i onand sur vei l l ance. . . . . . . . . . 191- 206 283- - 290

VI I . Renovat i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207- 214 294- - 294

VI I I . Pr ecaut i ona f ar pr act i ce f i r i ng. . . . 215- 223 295- 305 II

CHAPTER 4. DESTRUCTI ON OF AI ++rmuNr r t omI

I N ZONEOF ' THE I NTERI OR . . . 224- - 242 306- 322

CHAPTER S. REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243- 245 323^329

I NDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330- 335 i

TM 9- 1900

Par s . 1- 3

Tbi e Techni cal Mp. , u* l super sedes TM9- 1900, dat ed 3 Jul y 1943, end ChXges No, 1, dat edAugust 1943; O&T 9- 18, Vat s. I t o 5, i oal . , dol ed Oct ober 1942 ; OA' &' I ` S 1400- 11, dat ed 13Jsouar y 1443 : OFST13 1000- 13, dat ed 32 Apr i l 1943 ; WDT3 4 " 190013, dat ed 22 Apr i t 190;47FSTJ3 J4pX18, dat ed I t June 1948 ; 4FS1TJ l Q00- 17, dnt od 34 l l ept et l i br t 1943 ; WD"9- 19f l 4 . 19, dat ed 5 August 1944 ; ai d WDT8 ORDy1, dat ed 9 5dar ch 1943 . Thi s Techni calManual aapcr sedes ppr Onm or WD' TH ORD 194 S P FOVent of OFSTE 1904- t 11 ] , dol ed 6Nor r mber 1943 ; WDT13 ORI 3 214, dat ed 28 Oct ol xr 1944 ; pad WDTJ3 ORD 249, , l audI N' ebr uar y 1945.

CHAPTER 1

GENERAL

Sect i on 1

I NTRODUCTI ON

a. Thi s manual i s publ i shed f or t he i nf or mat i on and gui danceof Ar my per sonnel concer ned wi t h ammuni t i on. Those r esponsi bl ef or t he handl i ng of ammuni t i on shoul d become t hor oughl y f ami l i arwi t h i t s pr ovi si ons,

h.

The r equi r ement s of t hi s manual wi l l appl y t o Cl ass 1, I I , andI I I i nst al l at i ons.

The r equi r ement s of t he Or dnance Saf et y Manual( O, O. For m 7224) Wi l l gover n Cl ass I V i nst al l at i ons under t hecont r ol of t he Chi ef of Or dnance.

2.

SCOPE.

The i nf or mat i on coot al med i n t hi s t ext i s of a gener alt echni cal nat ur e.

I t concer ns t he sever al t ypes of ammuni t i on, t hei r

gener al char act er i st i cs, means of i dent i f i cat i n, car e i n handl i ng anduse, st or age, sur vei l l ance, par ki ng and mar ki ng shi ppi ng, and t hedest r uct i on of duds and unser vi ceabl e ammuni t i on.

3.

REFERENCES. Fur t her i nf or mat i on concer ni ng speci f i c t ypes ofammuni t i on i s Cont ai ned i n speci f i c Techni cal Manual s and Fi el dI +danual s. Acompl et e l i st of r ef er ences appear s i n chapt er 5.

Par . 4

TAt 4 9- 1900Gener al

4. Y0111[ CNCLATURE.

5eat i on 11

GENERAL DI SCUSSI ON

a.

SNL gr eupp. St andar d nomencl at ur e i s est abl i shed so t hatever y i t emsuppl i ed by t he Or dnance Depar t ment may be speci f i cal l yi dent i f i ed by name. I t consi st s of t he t ype, si ze, and model of eachi t em.

I t s use f or al l pur

es of r ecor d i s mandat or y, except wher euse of AI C symbol ( par . 4h) i s aut hor i zed.

Ammuni t i on nomet t .cl ot ur e i s publ i shed i n ORD11 St andar d Nomencl at ur e Li st s ( SN1, ' s)of gr oups P, R, 5, end T, and i t s exact use wi l l keep t o a vni ni mur ner r or s i n t he shi pment , st or age, i ssue, r ecor di ng, and use of ammu-ni t i on i t ems.

( 1)

Gr oup F cont ai ns I si s of ammuni t i on f or medi umand heavyf i el d ar t i l l er y ( 155- mmgun and above) , Coast ar t i l l er y, and ant i -ai r cr af t weapons.

( 2)

Gr oup Rcont ai ns l i st s of ammuni t i on f or l i ght and medi umf i el d, t ank, ant i t ank, and ai r cr af t ar t i l l er y weapons ( Mr nr n gut st hr ough 155- mmhowi t zer ) , mor t ar s, mi nes, and demol i t i on mat er i al .

( 3)

Gr oup S cont ai ns l i st s of bombs, gr enades, pyr ot echni cs, andr ocket s.

( 4) Gr oup T cont ai ns l i st s of ammuni t i on f or smal l - ar mswcapo" ,

h.

Amnsul ut i on I dent i f i ca t i on Code nyni hol e. TheAni t nuni t i onI dent i f i cat i on Code ( AI C) symbol has been est abl i shed t o f aci l i t at et he suppl y of ammuni t i on i n t he f i el d. Code symbol s assi gned t oeach i t em of ammuni t i on i n a speci f i c packi ng ar e t o be used i nmessages, r equi si t i ons, and r ecor ds, Thesecode symbol s ar e publ i shedbasi cal l y i n ORD11 SNL' s of gr oups P, R, S, and T. Af ul l expl ana-t i on of t he composi t i on and use of t he AI Csymbol wi l l be f ound i nSB9- AMM5 and changes t her et o.

TM 9- 1900

Tar s. 5- 6CCener al

5. CLASSI FI CATI ON.

a.

Gener al .

Ammuni t i on i s cl assi f i ed accor di ng t o use as ser vi ce,pr act i ce, bl ank, or dr i l l ( ar dummy) . I t may al so be cl assi f i edaccor di ng t o t ype of Mi er as expl osi ve, chemi cal , or i ner t .

16 .

Ser vi ce ammuni t i on,

Ser vi ce ammuni t i on i s i nt ended t o be

f i r ed f or ef f ect i n combat . Such ammuni t i on ( except smal l - ar msammuni t i on) may be f ur t her cl assi f i ed accor di ng t o t ype as hi gh-expl osi ve, hi gh- expl osi ve- ant i t ank, ar mor - pi er ci ng, gas, smoke, cani s-t er , i ncendi ar y, i l l umi nat i ng, or pyr ot echni c.

e,

Pr act i ce. ammuni t i on.

Pr act i ce ammuni t i on i s f i r ed f or ef f ecti n si mul at ed combat and i s pr ovi ded f or t r ai ni ng i n mar ksmanshi p.The pr oj ect i l e i n t hi s t ype of ammuni t i on may have a si nal l quant i t yof l ow- expl osi ve f i l l er t o ser ve as a spot t i ng char ge, or i t maybe i ner t .

{ 1,

Bl ank ammuni t i on.

Bl ank ammuni t i on i s pr ovi ded i n smal land medi umcal i ber s f or sal ut i ng pur poses and si mul at ed f i r e . I t hasno pr oj ect i l e.

e.

Mi l l ani t kwuni don. Dr i l l or dur nr ny ar nr nuni t i oa i s used f ort r ai ni ng i n handl i ng and l oadi ng ( " ser +r i ce of t he pi ece" ) ,

I t i s com-pl et el y i ner t ,

6. I DENTI FI CKi TI ON.

a.

Gener al .

Ammuni t i on i s compl et el y i dent i f i ed, except as t ogr ade, by pai nt i ng and mar ki ng on or i gi nal packi ng Cont ai ner s . Forpur poses of r ecor d, t he st andar d nomencl at ur e of t he i t em, t oget herwi t h i t s l ot number , compl et el y i dent i f i es t he ammuni t i on. Oncer emoved f r om i t s packi ng, ammuni t i on may be i dent i f i ed by t hepai nt i ng and mar ki ng on t he ammuni t i on i t ems. Ot her essent i ali nf or mat i on may al so be obt ai ned f r omt he mar ki ng on ammuni t i on

a

For . 6

TM 9. 1908Ger mr af

( 2)

Cal i ber , wei ght , or si ze .

Model desi pat or L

i t ems. The mur al s vel oci t y of pr oj ect i l es may be obt ai ned f r or n t hef i r i ng t abl es and ammuni t i on dat a car ds; i n t he case of some r oundsof snxal l er cal i ber , t he muzzl e vel oci t y may appear on t he packi ng box.

I ncl uded i n t ent h t he mar ki ng and t he st andar d nomencl at ur e ar e

( 1) A br i ef descr i pt i on of t he t ype or qui t abl e abbr evi at i ont her eof .

( 4)

" Wher e r equi r ed, such addi t i onal i nf or mat i on as t he modeland t ype of f uze, t he model of t he cannon i n whi ch t he i t emi s f i r e$,t he wei ght of pr oj ect i l e f or whi ch a separ at e- l osdi ng pr opel l i ngchar ge i s sui t ed, et c,

( 5)

The l ot number i s mar ked on t he ammuni t i on but i s not apar t of t he nomencl at ur e . However , when r ef er r i ng t o speci f i c at i ' I muni t i on, i t i s necessar y t o ment i on t he l ot npmber as wel l as t hest andar d nomencl at ur e .

h. Mar k or model . To i dent i f y a par t i cul ar desi gn, a modeldesi gnat i on i s assi gned at t he t i me t he model i s cl assi f i ed as ai madopt ed t ype. Thi s model desi gnat i on beoot t t es an essent i al Par tof t he nomencl at ur e and i s i ncl uded i n t he mar ki ng of t he i t em. Thepr esent syst em of model desi gnat i on consi st s of t he l et t er " M" f ol -l owed by an ar abi c numer al , f or exampl e, " M1. " Modi f i cat i ons ar ei ndi cat ed by addi ng t he l et t er " A" and t he appr opr i at e ar abi cnumer al . Thus, " MI AL" i ndi cat es t he f i r st Modi f i cat i on of an i t emf ar whi ch t he or i gi nal model desi gnat i on was " XI .. " Wher ever a ". B"

suf f i x appear s i n a model desi gnat i on i t i ndi cat es an i t em of al t ecna"t i ve ( or subst i t ut e) desi gn, mat er i al , e manuf act ur e. Cer t ai n i t emsst andar di sed f or use by bot h Ar nWand Navy ar e desi gnat ed by " AN"pr ecedi ng t he model desi gnat i on, f or exampl e, AN- MI 03AI , AN- Mk19. Fr omWor l d War I t o l Jul y 1975, i t was t he pr act i ce t o assi gnmar k number s, t hat * t he wor d " Mar k, , abbr evi at ed " Mk" f ol l owed

TM 9- 1900

Par .Gener al

by a r oman numer al . The medi f i cat i on was i ndi cat ed by t he addi t i onof MI t o t he mar k number , t he second I I , et c. ; af t er 2 Apr i l 1945,

. t hese r oman numer al s i n Mar k number s wi l l be i ndi cat ed by ar abi c,r at her t han r oman, numer al s, Thi s change f r om r oman t o ar abl enumer al s wi l l af f ect ammuni t i on i t ems i n use by t he V. S. Ar mywhi ch ar e of Br i t i sh or Navy or i gi n, and al so ol der ar my i t ems whi char e nowassi gned Mar k number s. ' Pr i or t o Wor l d War I , t he yeari n whi ch t he desi gn was adopt ed, pr eceded by t he l et t er °14f , " wasused as t he model desi gnat i on, f or exampl e, M1914.

c.

Ammuni t i on l ot number .

At t he t i me of manuf act ur e ever yi t em of ammuni t i on i s assi gned a l ot number . Wher e t he si ze oft he i t emper mi t s, i t i s mar ked on t he i t emi t sel f t o i nsur e per manencyof t hi s means of i dent i f i cat i on.

I n addi t i on t o t hi s l ot number , t her ei s assi gned t o each compl et e r ound of f i xed and ser ni f i xed ammuni -t i on an ammuni t i on l ot number whi ch ser ves t o i dent i f y t he coml i -t i ons under whi ch t he r ound was assembl ed, and t he component sused i n t he assembl y. Thi s ammuni t i on. l ot number i s mar ked onever y compl et e r ound of f i xed and semi f i xed ammuni t i on ( exceptwher e t he i t em i s t oo smal l ) and on al l packi ng cont ai ner s . I t i sr equi r ed f or al l pur poses of r ecor d, i ncl udi ng r epor t s on condi t i on,f unct i oni ng, and acci dent s, i n whi ch t he ammuni t i on i s i nvol ved.As f ar as pr act i cabl e, al l compl et e r ounds of any par t i cul ar ammuni -t i on l ot ar e made up of component s sel ect ed f r omt he same l ot . Toobt ai n t he gr eat est accur acy i n any f i r i ng, successi ve r ounds shoul dbe f r om t he same ammuni t i on l ot ,

d.

Ammuni t i on dat a car d.

Ammuni t i on dat a car ds wi l l be f ur -ni shed i n t he pr escr i bed amount s f or al l ammuni t i on i t ems of i ssueexcept smal l - ar ses ammuni t i on. Thi s i s a 5- by 8- i nch car d, on whi chi s pr i nt ed dat a concer ni ng t he i t em and i t s component s .

Dat a car dsar e f or war ded wi t h shi ppi ng t i cket s at t he t i me of shi pment sand ar eal so Sent t o t he ul t i mat e consi gnee. I nf or mat i on on t he car ds i n-cl udes l ot number ; dat e packed; i dent i t y of component s; expect edpr essur es; expect ed muzzl e vel oci t y ; assembl i ng and f i r i ng i nst r uc-t i ons when r equi r ed; and AI Csyr gboi s on l ot s now bei ng pr oduced.

5

Par . 3

Ti l l 9- 19M

r . PAI NTI NG ANDMARKI NG.

a.

Pai nt i ng. Ammuni t i on i s pai nt ed pr i MWi l y t o pr event r ust .Secondar y pur pose$ ar e t o pr ovi de, by t he col or , a r eady means ofi dent i f i cat i on as t o t ype, and t o camouf l age t he ammuni t i on by t heuse of l ust er l ess ol i vedr ab pai nt . See f i gur es 1 t o 15, i ncl usi ve,f or t he use of col or on ammuni t i on and i t s packi ngs . The col orscheme i s as f ol l ows :

( 1}

For ammuni t i on ot her t hen bombs, smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on,and pyr ot echni cs ,

Hi gh- expl osi ve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ol i vedr ab, wi t h mar ki ng i n yel l ow

Lour expl osi ve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Red,I ced, wi t h mar ki ng i n bl ack

I l l umi nat i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gr ay, wi t h 1 whi t eband and mar ki ng

Chemi cal %

i n whi t e

Per si st ent casual t y gas . . . . . . . . Gr ay, wi t h 2 gr een bands and mar k-i ng i n gr een

Nonper si st ent casual t y gas . . . Gr ay, wi t h 1 gr een band and mar ki ngi n gr een

Per si st ent har assi ng gas . . . . . . . Gr ay, wi t h 2 r ed bands and mar l angi n r ed

NOnper si st ent har asai ng gas . Gr ay, wi t h 1 r ed hand and mar ki ngi n r ed

Smoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gr ay, wi t h 1 yel l ow band and mar k-i ng i n yel l ow

I ncendi ar y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gr ay, wi t h 1 pur pl e band and mar k-i ng i n pur pl e

Pr act i ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bl ue, wi t h mar ki ng i n whi t e

Dummyor i ner t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bl ack, wi t h mar ki ng i n whi t e ( br onzeor br ass assembl i es ar e unpai nt ed) .4

TM 9, 1900

Pa r . 7

Gener al

( 2)

For bombs, ot her t han Chemi cal and pr act i ce, t he pai nt i ng i sol i vedr ab, and 1- i nch col or bands ar e pai nt ed at t he nose and t ai lends of t he body.

Mar ki ngs ar e i n bl ack, except f or t he i ncendi ar ybomb whi ch has pur pl e st enci l l i ng.

The col or of t he bands i s as f ol -l ows f or t he t ypes of bombs i ndi cat ed .

Ni gh- expl osi ve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yel l owI ncendi ar y _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pur pl eDr i l l

or i ner t

. .

. . . . _ . . . ___ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bl ack

When bombe ar e l oaded wi t h Composi t i on B, " COMP. E" i s st enci l edt wi ce, 180 degr ees apar t on each band. When bombs ar e l oaded wi t ht r i t ona4 a t hi r d col or band, 1/ 2- - i nch wi de, i s l ocat ed mi dway bet weent he t wo bands on ei t her end. These bombs have an i ner t pad i n eachend. When TNT or COMP. B l oaded bombs ar e equi pped wi t hi ner t pads, t hey wi l l be st enci l ed " WI THFADS" t o di st i ngui sh f r ombombs wi t h t he smal l f i l l i ng, but wi t hout pads ; t he pur pose of t hei ner t pad i s t o r ender t he bomb l ess sensi t i ve t o bl ows on t he enddur i ng handl i ng and shi ppi ng. Pr act i ce bombs ar e pai nt ed bl ue wi t hwhi t e mar ki ngs but have no col or bands. Smal l f r agment at i on bor nbshave no col or bands but t he nose and t ai l ar e pai nt ed yel p . Chem-i cal bombs ar e pai nt ed gr ay, except i ncendi ar y bombs whi ch ar epai nt ed ol i vedr ab, and mar r ed wi t h col or bands and st enci l i ng i naccor dance wi t h t he col or scheme f or ot her ammuni t i on gi ven i n st ep( 1) , above.

( )

Smal l ar ms car t r i dges do not r equi r e pai nt i ng. However , t hebul l et t i ps of car t r i dges ar e pai nt ed a di st i nct i ve col or ( f i g . 1) t o ai di n r eady i dent i f i cat i on as t o t ype, as f ol l ows .-

Bal l

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No col or t i p

Ar mor - pi er ci ng

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bl ack

Ar mor - pi er ci ng- i ncendi ar y . . . . . . . . . . Al umi num ( si l ver )

Ar mor - pi er ci ng- i ncendi ar y- t r acer . . Red wi t h al umi numannul us t o t her ear

For s . 7- - _. g

I ncendi ar y . . . .

_ Var i ous shades of 4l ue

TM 4- T900

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. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .

.

. . . . , . . _

, . Var i ous

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of

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such

as

or ange and mar oon, and whi t e

Fr angi bl e

Whi t e t i p wi t h gr een annul us t ot 1r. e cesr

( 4. )

pyr ot echni cs ar e not mar ked i n accor dance wi t h t he gener al

col or scheme but , wher e col or mar ki ngs ar e used, t hey i ndi cat e t he

col or of t he pyr ot echni c ef f ect f scOduce- d .

I n geamer al , however , pyr o-

t echni cs, ar e pai nt ed gr ay wi t h mar ki ng i n bl ack.

I f t he body of he

i t em i s ¬t l ur r xi num car magn. egi um, i t may n«t he pai nt ed.

I f t he ! . em

i s i nt ended f or i ncendi ar y pur VOses, mar ki ngs cor e i n pur pl e.

} a.

f l ar ki t i g.

The mar ki ng st enci l ed or st amped on t he anr r l uni -

t i on and on. i t s packi ng CODt ai l %e' i ncl ucl ol . al l i nf or mat i on ne ; sar y

f nr compl et e i dent i f i cat i on. .

Fur t her i nf oi nt at i on concer ni ng T t nt i ng

and mar ki ng wi l l be f ound under t he speei &v t ype of ammo. t i t i an i n

chapt er 2 and i n sect i on I V of chapt er 3.

GRADI NG.

a, .

Ammuni t i on i s - Anuf act ur r d t o r i gor Ous spec' f cat i ons and i s

t hor oughl y i nspect ed bef or e accept ance, Ammuni t i ot " - k st or age i R

per acndi cal l y i nspect ed and t est ed i l l accor dance wi t h Qpeci f sc i nst r uc-

t i onX- f ur ni shed by t he Chi ef of Or dnance,

1a .

Each l ot ckf smal j Tar ms ammki ni t i On i s gr eded

' r r a001i l y, on t he

qual i t i es whi ch make t hat l ot especi . a113. " sui t abl e f or . .: i n a- par t i cu

Jar cl ass or smal l - ar ms weapons such as ai r cr af t ao: d ant i ai r cr af t

machi ne eons . r i f l es, and gr ound machi ne guns ( WDSS9- AMM4) .

±- .

Fach l ot nf ar nmuni t i on ot her t han sr - . ! - amt s ammuni t i on i s

gr adt - r l as i s r esul t of sumei l l ance t est s i nt o one c . f our gr ades, depe, i d-

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Ger r er i

* I , t ' REOE{ 3` F' Y OF I SSl - E.

a . Sut aj ect t o t 3ect aal i n%t r i i ct i or m f i ' or n t yr e Chi ef of 0sc1r : - i nns. -.at nmuni t i or i Of appM¬Xr i at e t ype and model wi l l t ai used i n t he l ol -] owi t xg ¬ar dor : l i mi t ed st r r r t X9ar °ct , subst i t ut e st andar d. %I i i sndar d. Wi t hi nt hi s r ul e, amr nuDi t i on whi r , - l 1 has l : ad t he l ongest or l east Gi vcnabl esi or oge wi l l be use- - d f i r st. AI -; I QTI LI 1r . 1: 1 ( A c=r Xur r 1 age. pr i or i t y Qf I NSUL

wi l l be gi ven t o t l r E smal l est l ot .

l i .

To pr evLXt , t t he bui ) di ng ki p a7¬ f xr - L?! i . 3 st ocks i n t he f i el d, t r ans-f er s f r om one St r - i t ' ' Ki n t o X4 ; ", nt her shor i l d be K3r : ang( l d wi l ] i i n t he ser V- i cecor n[ nand i f no st ar k <__( Xppr opci ot e gr ade f or i r : medi mv use i s onhand.

e . Pr i r i r i t y of i sj j i , se f i . > l XcXt s c>f smal l - xr - i ns ammuni t i on i >- V' i l at -

l i shed by t he Chi ef of Or dnance and pul f l i st i ed i s WDSEA 9, AMM4oar i n sper i a1 i nst r uct i ons.

el .

Fur t her det ai l s wi l l . he f ound i n War Depar t ment SLI ] f l AY Bul l e-t i ns of t he 19- AMMser i es and sr i AR 77. 5- 10

I i i . f dal { E AND YRE' S] ERVATT¬} ?t i ,

a . I n or der t r > keep nmmumt i on i n a ser vi ceabl e condi t i on ar i ( lr " - ar t y. f ns i mmedi at e i ssuo and use. dr ams c°CXnsi C3gr xt i r aX3 sboul d be gi vent o t he gk , ner al r ul es gi ven 1w4ow_ Det ai l ed nf ?r mHt i c, n or t car e andpr eser vci t i on i s gi ven i n chapt er s 2 anr t : 3 .

! , . St or e ar nzr r uni t pun i n t he or i gi nal cusi t ai ner s i n a dr y- wel i -+ent i hi t ed pl ace pr ot ect ed f r omt he di r uct r ays ±) f t he sun and ot her

t i out ces of excessi ve } wHt ,

c . Keep ai nnauni t i . j n and i t s cont ai ner s Ll eun and dr y and pr o-t . ect ect f TOr r a po. i bl e damage.

, 41 .

Di SKSSX' r nhl y of component s d, f ar r Xr t i uni t i on. such as f uzus andpr i mer s, wi t bou, t speci f i c aut hor i zat i on .

sr nct t y pr Ql i 0?i t e_cl . Anyal t er at i on of l oodesl ar acmuni t i on, except l i v di r t kXl i nn of t he t echai X, s1sour ce concer ned %r nd unci vr t he super vi si on o¬ Rcmr i n i s i oned of f i cerof t hat ser vi ce . i s hat nr dci uK ana9 must not . be under t aken,

e .

Dc) r r cpt oper a seXj l ec. i : nr i ' , Ni nr : r s ar r emove. pr ut et : t i vv Cr r Saf et ydeVi e+?s unt i l ; r i f t bc : 3ur e use. eXCXPt as r e" yui . ed f or i nspect i t i n .

f .

Expi osr y¬ eni r r ur r 1ar l on r l zr asr he har i s3i ed wt r f 7 " ?_PPr r Xpr r dt r ; Car eat al l l ouses, Expl o5i vr 4 r l ei nenr s, such a3 i n pr i mer s aci d f t . - L- 5, ar m

, ser , si r i ve t o undue. shoe or i d hi gh f er r t per ai : ar v.

Ret ur n ammuni t i on pr epar ed f or f i r i ng but not f i r - d. t o i t sr xr i gi nal packi ng, and mar k i t appr opr i at e=4y"_ Lt se such acna?=uni t i onf i n", i n subsequent ! i r i r r gk i n s73r df t o kea=1: , sj cwkN of opened par ki ngsat mi n n1ual .

. TZi 121 1: , - 4k - . ,

23-

ear s. 11- 13Gener al

Sect i on I I I

MI LI TARY EXPLOSI VES

TM 4- 1900

' 11 .

GENERAI , ,

To under st and t he composi t i on and f unct i oni ng ofa compl et e r ound of ammuni t i on, a basi c knowl edge of t he, char act er -i st i cs end uses of mi l i t ar y expl osi ves i s necessar y.

I n or der t hat am-muni t i on may f unct i on at t i me and pl ace desi r ed, i t i s necessar y t oempl oy di f f er ent ki nds of expl osi ves . each of whi ch has a speci f i c r ol e .Expl osi ves sui t abl e f ar one pur pose may be ent i r el y unsat i sf act or yf ar anot her .

Thus, t ha expi or i ve used t o bur st a f or ged st eel pr oj ect i l ewoul d not onl y be unsui t ed Wt al so hi ghl y danger ous i f used t o pr opel t he pr oj ect i l e out of t he weapon.

Si r ni l nr l y, t he expl osi ves usedi n i ni t i at or s, such as i n pr i mer s and f uzes, ar e so sensi t i ve t o shockt hat onl y smal l quant i t i es can be used saf el y. The char act er i st i cs ofvar i ous t ypes of expl osi ves ar e gi ven i n sect i ons I V and V.

For f ur -t her i nf or mat i on, see TM4- 205 and TM9- 2900.

12.

UI La' ' I VI ' 1' I ON. Any mi xt ur e or compound whi ch, under t hei nf l uence of heat or mechani cal act i on, under goes a sudden chemi calchange ( decomposi t i on) wi t h t he l i ber at i on of heat and l i ght ener gyaccor npani od by a l ar ge vol ume of gases, i s cal l ed an expl osi ve.

13. CLASSI FI CATI ON.a.

Expl osi ves ar e cl assi f i ed as l owand hi gh expl osi ves accor di ngt o t hei r r at es of decomposi t i on when such decomposi t i on i s i ni t i at edby t he spi t of a f l ame or a mechani cal shock. Amor e exact cl assi f i ca-t i on f or mi l i t ar y pur poses di st i ngui shes bet ween nunpr opaget i ng ant isel f - pr opagat i ng expl osi ves. Ther ef or e, expl osi ves ar e di vi ded i nt ot wo basi c gr oups :

Lowexpl osi ves ( pr opel l ant s) and hi gh expl osi ves .( 1)

LowEXFu78r vp- 8,

Lowexpl osi ves ar e combust i bl e mat er i al swhi ch decompose ver y r api dl y but do not nor mal l y expl ode; t hi s , act i on i n cel l ed def l agr at i on.

I n decomposi t i on, t hey pr oduce a l ar gevol ume of gases whi ch pr oduce enough pr essur e t o pr opel a pr oj ect i l eor r ocket f or war d. The r at e of bur ni ng i s an i mpor t ant f act or enddepends upon such f act or as pr essur e, gr ai n f or m, composi t i on, et c-Lowexpl osi ves do not usual l y pr opagat e a det onat i on. Under cer t ai ncondi t i ons, however , t hey r eact i n t hesame manner as hi gh expl osi ves,t hat i s, t hey may det onat e.

( 2)

HI GH EXPLOMEs.

Hi gh expl osi ves ar e char act er i zed by t heext Yet ne r api r l i t y wi t h whi ch t he decomI wa: i t i on occur s; t hi s act i on i $cal l ed det onat i on. They t l ec+mt pose al most i nst ant aneousl y, ei t heri n a manner si mi l ar t o an ext r emel y r api d combust i on, or wi t h r upt ur aand r ear r angement of t he mol ecul es t hemsel ves .

I n ei t her case, gas-eous and/ or sol i d pr oduct s of r eact i on ar e pr oduced.

The di sr upt i veef f ect of t he r eact i on makes t he expl osi ve val uabl e as a bur st i ngchar ge but pr ecl udes i t s use as a pr opel l ant because t he gases ar e

26

TM9- 1" 0

Far s . 13- T4Gener al

f or med so qui ckl y t hat excessi ve pr essur es woul d be devel oped whi chmi ght bur st t he bar r el of t he weapon_ Adet onat i on may be pi ct ur edas r esul t i ng f r om an expl osi on wave t r uvel mg t hr ough t he hi gh- ex-pl of i i ve char ge at an ext r emel y hi gh vel oci t y ( 22, 000 t o 27, 5010 f eetper . second) .

]. - 1. . REQUI REMENTS OF AN EXPLOSI VE,a.

( ; t onal i nf l i t ar y r equi r cmcnt r ) .

Bef or e an expl osi ve can beoopt ed f or Tnaf r ar y use, i t must hav4 t he f ol l owi ng char act er i st i cs :

( 1) Chemi cal st abi l i t y over ext ended per i ods of st or age undernor mal cgi sdi t i ons,

( 2)

Abi l i t y t o wi t hst and t he , nechani cal shocl at i nci dent t o l oad.i ng, t r anspor t i ng, and handl i ng.

( 3)

Abi l i t y t o wi t hst and t he shock of set - beck on f i r i ng weapon( when used i n ar t i l l er y shel l ) . or i mpact when dr opped " saf e' ( whenused i n bombs) ,

( 4)

Suscept i bi l i t y t o compl et e i gni t i on or det onat i on under t heact i on of t he pr ecedi ng el ement of t he expl osi ve t r ai n.

( 5) Br i sance ( shat t er i ng abi l i t y) .( 6)

Ar easonabl e degr ee of economy i n manuf act ur e,h,

Si sc,Pi f i c i t si l i i ar v r egt t i r ement e.

Addi t i onal r equi r ement s, di f -f er i ng f r om t he basi c ones, must be est abl i shed t o make sur e t hat t heexpl osi ve wi l l per f or m pr oper l y i t s t he capaci t y desi r ed, I n det er -mi ni ng by t est s whet her a gi ven expl osi ve wi l l meet t he r equi r ement s,consi der at i on must be gi ven t o st abi l i t y, sensi t i vi t y, and br i sance.

( 1)

STABI LI TY. St abi l i t y r ef er s t o t he cr ap" i cy of an expl osi vet o r et ai n unal t er ed i t s chemi cal and physi cal pr oper t i es dur i ng or si ndef i ni t e per i od of st or age, under nor mal condi t i ons or at hi gher t hannor mal t emper at ur es,

( 2) SEFY9JYI VI TY.( a)

To shock or i mpact . Sensi t i vi t y t o i mpact or shock r ef er st o t he ease wi t h whi ch an expl osi ve can be det onat ed by t he suddenappl i cat i on of mechani cal f or ce.

( h)

To det onat i on by means of i ni t i at or s . Thest andar d sensi t i vi -t y t o det onat i on by i ni t i at i ng agent s ot her t han mecbeni caf i mpact i sexpr essed i n t er ms of t he amount of i ni t i at i ng expl osi ve as, f ar ex-Hmpl e, mer cur y f ul mi nat e r equi r ed t o ef f ect compl et e det onat i on ofa gi ven wei ght of expl osi ve under a gi ver s set of condi t i ons,

( 3)

BRZsANcz.

Br i ssance i s t he abi l i t y of a det onat i ng expl osi vet o Shat t er mat er i al cl ose t o i t . Thi s pr oper t y i s di f f er ent f r om t hepot ent i al heat ener gy of t he expl osi ve, somet i mes r ef er r ed t o as poweror st r es%gt h, whi ch det er mi nes t he f or ce ar t expl osi ve can exer t wheni t expl odes .

Such f or ce depends upon t he amount of gas gener at edand t he t emper at ur e r eached dur i ng an expl osi on, wher eas br i sance

27

Par . 74

7M9- 1904

FORISUPERQUI CK

ACTI ONI' : i - " FI RI NG PI NXXX PRI NTER

,- ' XXJPPER DETONATOR FUZE-.. DELAY ELFMFNT

- ` t: , . , LC) WER DETONATOR

FI RI NG PI N OF WEAPON

FURSTI NGCHARGE

EXPLOSI VETRAI N

( UPON ) MPACi J

PROPELLI NGCHARGE

EXPLOSI VETRAI N

( UPON FI Rl hK; X

KA FOW72A

Fi gur e 17- - - Expl osi ve Tr ai ns i n Ar l l t f er y Ammuni Pi on

21

TM 9- 1900

Par s . 14- 13

Gener al

15. EXPLOSI VE TRAMS,

Fi gwr e ] a - Det onat i ng Wave Ampl i f i ed by Use of 8aost er

depends on t he vel oci t y wi t h whi ch a det onat i on occur s .

Bl ack pow,der , f ar i nst ance, i s a " ' power f ul " expl osi ve because of t he l ar ge amountof gas t hat i t gener at es upon expl osi on, but i t s br i i ance i s ver y l owbecause of t he l awr at e of epl osi on,

a. Genr r nl . The ar r angement of a ser i es of expl osi ves begi n-ni ng wi t h a smal l quant i t y of sensi t i ve expl osi ve and t er mi nat i ng wi t ha r el at i vel y l ar ge quent i t y of compar at i vel y i nsensi t i ve expl osi ve, i st er med an " expl osi ve t r ai n. " I n gener al , t her e ar e t wo such t r ai ns( f i g. 17) ; t he pr opel l i ngchar ge expl osi ve t r ai n ( whi ch i g al ways al ogy- expl osi ve t r ai n) , er r d t he l t ur ot i ngXhar ge expl osi ve t r ai n ( whi chmay be ei t her a hi gh- or l ow- expl osi ve t r ai n) . I n al l expl osi ve am.muni t i on one or bot h of t hese expl osi ve t r ai ns wi l l be f ound.

l r . Pr opel l i ng- ehur ge +- - xl xl x* i vv t r ai n . The pr opel l i ngchar geexpl osi ve t r ai n i s ennpl oycd i n t he ej ect i on of t he pr oj ect i l e f r omt heweapon on i t s way t owar d i t s t ar get . Thi s t r ai n usual l y consi st s ofa pr i mer , an i gni t er or i gni t i ng char ge, and a pr opel l i ng char ge. Thus,a spi t of f i r e f r oma smal l quant i t y of sensi t i ve expl osi ve ( t he pr i mer ) ,i ni t i at ed by a bl ow f r omt he f i r i ng pi n, i s t r ansmi t t ed and i nt ensi f i er )( by t he i gni : . - ) . t o t hat ,a l ar ge amount of r el at i vel y i nsensi t i ve ex-pl osi ve ( t he pr y. _ ; di ng char ge) bur ns i n t he pr oper manner t o pr opelt he sl t i cl l f or war d.

( 1)

SAQAL1r AAMSAMMUNI TI ON.

I n smal l - ar ms car t r i dges, wher et he pr opel l i ng char ge i s r el at i vel y smal l , t he i gni t er i s not r equi r ed,The cor nponexas i n t hi s t r ai t s ar e e. per cussi on pr i mer and a pr opel l i ng

2t

aCTONATOR

e0wsr a

Par . 15 TM 4- 19M

char ge. The f i r i ng pi n expl odes t he pr i mer and t he f l ame passest hr ough t he vent l eadi ng t o t he powder chant er and i gni t es t he Pr o-pel l i ng char ge, t he expansi on of t he r esul t ant gases f or ces t he bul l etout t hr ough t he bor e of t he weapon,

( 2)

ARTI L" I RVkmmuNr r 5ON, The pr opel l i ng char ge expl osi on ofa r ound of ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on i X sl i ght l y di f f er ent f r om t he one i nsmal l - ar ms ammuni t i on. I n t hi s t r ai n, i t i s necewar y t o pl ace anauxi l i ar y char ge of bl ack powder , cal l ed t he pr i mer char ge or i gni t erchar ge, bet ween t he pr i mer and t he pr opel l i ng char ge.

The addi t i onof t he pr i mer char ge i s necessar y because t he smal l f l ame pr oducedby t he pr i mer composi t i on i s not of suf f i ci ent i nt ensi t y t o i ni t i at e pr oper l y t he l ar ge quant i t y of pr opel l ant powder .

The pr i mer or i gr Xi t et 'char ge gt ay be cont ai ned i n t he body of t he pr i mer , maki ng one as- .ser nbl y of t he per cussi on el ement of t he pr i mer and t he pr i mer char geas i n f i xed ammuni t i on, or i t may be di vi ded bet ween t he pr i mer bodyand t he i gni t er pad at t ached t o separ at e- l oadi ng pr opel l i ng char ges,

c,

Bur st i ngchar ge expl osi ve t r ar r i s .( 1) Al t hough t her e ar e t wo expl osi ve t r ai ns- t he pr opel l i ng.

char ge expl osi ve t r ai n and t he bur st i ngchar ge expl osi ve t r ai n- - t het er m " Qxpl o¢i ve t r ai n" as commonl y used i s i nt ended t o mean t hebur st i ngchar ge expl osi ve t t ai r L Bur st i ngchar ge expl osi vet r ai ns maybe cl assi f i ed as hi gh- expl osi ve t r ai ns or l ow- ,expl osi ve t r ai ns .

( 2) LOW- HXPLOSSVE TRAI N, When l ow- expl osi ge pr oj ect i l es orot her t ypes of mi ssi l e r each t he poi nt of f unct i oni ng, t he ser i es of ex-pl osi ons whi ch t akes pl ace i s known as t he l ow- expl osi ve t r ai n. I nbas" j ect i on smoke shel l , t he expl osi ve t r ai n consi st s of a per cussi onpr i mer , a t i me t r ai n of bl ack powder , a magazi ne char ge of bl ackpowder , and an expel l i ng char ge of bl ack powder . The act i on i si ni t i at ed by t he f i r i ng pi n of t he f uze st r i ki ng t he pr i mer , t he r esul t antf l ame bei ng t r at mmi t t ed t hr ough t he component s named t o t he ex-pel l i ng char ge. The expl osi on of t he expel l i ng char ge f or ces t hesmoke cani st er s out of t he base of t he pr oj ect i l e .

( 3)

Hi ol z- EXVLos1VR-r PAI N. When t he pr oj ect i l e or bomb r eachest he t ar get or t he poi nt at whi ch i t i s set t o f unct i or y t he ser i es of ex-pl osi ons whi ch t akes pl ace i l l or der t o det onat e t he pr oj ect i l e i s knownas t he hi gh- expl osi ve t r ai n. The basi c component s whi ch must bepr esent i n pr act i cal l y al l hi gh- expl osi ve t r ai ns ar e a det onat or , abooWr , and a bur st i ng char ge. Ot her el ement s ar e somet i mes r e-qui r ed, but t hese t hr ee char ges ar e f undament al .

( a)

The det onat or set s up a hi gh- expl osi ve wave when i ni t i at edby t he st ab act i on of a f i r i ng pi n or by a f l ame. Thi s det onat i on i s sosmal l and weak t hat i t wi l l not i ni t i at e a hi gh- or der det onat i on i n t hebur st i ng char ge, unl ess s boost er i s pl aced bet ween t he t wo. Theboost er pi cks up t he smal l expl osi ve wave f r om t he det onat or and

30

TM 9- 1900

Par %, 1 3- 16

Gener al

ar npl i f i es i t t o such an ext ent t hat t he bur st i ng char ge i s i ni t i at ed wi t ha hi gh- under det onat i on ( f i g. 18) _

( b)

To gai n t he act i on necessar y t o cont r ol t he t i me and pl ace atwhi ch an expl osi ve wi l l f unct i on, i t i s necessar y t o i ncor por at e ot hercomponent s i n t he hi gh- expl osi ve t r ai n. The act i on desi r ed may bea bur st i n t he ai r , a bur st i nst ant l y upon i mpact wi t h t he t ar get , or abur st shor t l y af t er t he pr oj ect i l e has penet r at ed t he t ar get . The com-ponent s whi ch may be used t o gi ve t hese var i ous act i ons ar e a pr i mer ,a bl ackpowder del ay pel l et or t r ai n, an upper det onat or , or any combi nat i on of t hese component s,

Regar dl ess of t he ar r angement of t hecomponent s, t he bask Chai n wi l l r emai n t he same, ot her component sbei ng pl aced i n f r ont of t he basi c chai n.

( c)

The act i on whi ch causes a pr oj ect i l e t o bur st i n t he ai r maybe obt ai ned by pl aci ng a pr i mer , whi ch i s f i r ed when t he pr oj ect i l el eaves t he weapon or when t he bomb i s dr opped, and a bl ack- powdert i me t r ai n i n f r ont of t he basi c chai n.

Tha pr i mer i gni t es t he t i me-t r ai n r i ngs, whi ch bur n f or t he l engt h of t i me f or whi ch t he f uze i smet and, i n t ur n, i ni t i at e t he act i on of t he det onat or , boost er , andbur st i ng char ge.

( d)

To bunt t he pr oj ect i l e pr ompt l y upon i mpact wi t h t he t ar get ,a supezqui ck or i nst ant aneOUS Act i on i s necessar y. Thi s act i on i susual l y obt ai ned by pl aci ng an upper det onat or i n t he ext r eme f r ontof t he f uze and a l ower det onat or i n t he body near t he boast er char ge,I n t hi s manner , t he det onat i ng wave i s t r ansmi t t ed i nst ant l y t o t hebur st i ng char ge.

( e)

To per mi t penet r at i on of t he t ar get by t he pr oj ect i l e, a del ayact i on i s necessar y.

Thi s i s obt ai ned by pl aci ng a pr i mer and del ayel ement ahead of t he det onat or . I n some cases t hi s combi nat i on ofpr i mer and del ay i s i nser t ed bet ween an upper and l ower det onat or .

( f ) Avar i at i on of t he hi gh- expl osi ve t r ai n i s f ound i n chemi calshel l , I n t hi s t r ai n t her e i s no l ar ge bur st i ng char ge such as i s f oundi n hi gh- expl osi ve pr oj ect i l es, es i t i s onl y necessar y t o r upt ur e t heshel l case and ei l ow t he chemi cal cont ent s t o escape. The act ualbur st i ng of t he case i s accompl i shed by an enl ar ged boast er , knownas o bur st et char ge, cont ai ned i n a t ube r unni ng dawn t he cent er oft he shel l .

Sect i on I Y

PROPELLANTS

16.

GENERAL,

Al l expl osi ves cur r ent l y used as pr opel l ant s havea ni t r ocel l ul ose base and ar e commonl y known as smokel ess powder s.Var i ous or gani c and i nor gani c subst ances ar e added t o t he vi t r o-cel l ul ose base dur i ng manuf act ur e t o gi ve i mpr oved qual i t i es f or spe-ci al pur poses . These powder s ar e di st i ngui shed by such t er ms as

Par . 16

TM9- 1940

Gener al

MULI I PERFORATED

f i gur e i v - Types of Powder Or Qi ns

32

RA PD 80877A

TM 9- 1900

Par s . 16- 17

doubl e- base, f l eshl ess, end smokel ess, as wel l as by commer ci al t r adenames or symbol s . Bl ack powder , whi ch was For mer l y cl awed as apr opel l ant , i s no l onger used as such but i s now used as a del ayel ement , AS an i gni t i ng char ge f or pr opel l ant s . i n f l ash r educer s, or f orot her speci al pur poses .

17 . Xaf TQi ( I ; LF POWDER.a.

Char act er i at i en.

Smokel ess l xj wder i s essent i al l y gel at i ni zedni t r ocel l ul ose and i s manuf act ur ed i n t he f or mof f l akes, st r i px, pul l et s.or per f or at ed cyl i ndr i cal gr ai ns ( f i g . 19) .

Powder i s made i n di f f er entscr apes t o obt ai n cer t ai n t ypes of bur ni ng ( par . 17 c) .

The cyl i ndr i calgr ai ns ar e made i n var i ous di amet er s and l engt hs, Gr ai ns var y i t sdi amet er f r om 0. 032 i nCh f or cal i ber 30 car t r i dges t o 0. 947 i nch f or16- i nch pr opel l i ng char ges, and var y i n cor r espondi ng l engt hs f r om0_085 i nch t o 2. 170 i nches ( f i g . 20) .

For smal l - si ze gr ai ns ei t her noper f or at i on or a si ngl e per f or at i on i s r equi r ed .

However , f or l ar gergr ai ns, seven equal l y spaced per f or at i ons ar e pr esent i n or der t o havet 3 l ar ge bur ni ng sur f ace ar ea ( par . 17 e) . The cr i t i cal di mensi on i 4t he web si ze, t hat i s, t he aver age t hi ckness of t he powder bet ween t heper f or at i ons . I n col or , t he gr ahi s var y f r om a l i ght owber t o a deepbr own or bl ack .

11.

Sol vent .

Smokel ess powder i s manuf act ur ed t o cont ai n i n t hef i ni shed gr ai ns a def i ni t e amount of sol vent ( an et her and al coholmi xt ur e) . Thi s amount var i es f r om 0. 5 t o 5 per cent .

I f t her e i s emar ked change i n t he amount of sol vent , a change i n bal l i st i c pr oper -t i es wi l l r esul t .

Powder must be car ef ul l y pr ot ect ed agai nst hi gh t vm-per at ur ps and moi st ur e. To guar d agai nst changes di ce t o such con-di t i ons, unnokel ess powder i s al wt 4ys pHCked i n ai r t i ght cont ai ner s,Some r ocket pr opel l ent powder may not cont ai n any sol vent .

e.

19ur ni ug act i on .

.( 1)

GENEEW. ,

Unconf i ned smokel ess powder bur ns wi t h l i t t l eash or smoke but , when conf i ned, i t s r at e of bur ni ng i ncr eases wi t ht emper at ur e and pr essur e. I n or der not t o exceed t he per mi ssi bl echamber pr essur e of t he weapon i n whi ch i t i s t o be used, t he r at e ofbur ni ng of t he pr opel l ant has t o be cont r ol l ed.

At const ant pr essur e,t he r at e of bur ni ng i s pr opor t i onal t o t he powder sur f ace f r ee t o bur r o,Ther ef or e, powder i s made i nt o accur at e si zes Hod def i ni t e shapes .Fi gur e 21 i l l ust r at es t he " pr ogr essi ve" bur ni ng of a powder gr ai n.

( 2)

DEOREssi vE BURNI NG,

As t he sur f ace of t he cor d and st r i pt owns of smokel ess powder change wi t h bur ni ng, t he sur f ace of t hegr ai n decr eases . The bur ni ng act i on of t hese gr ai ns i s, t her ef or e,cl assi f i ed as " degr essi ve. "

( 3)

NEUTI ¬At r BURNI NG.

As a si ngl e- per f or at ed gr ai n bur ns, t heout er sur f ace decr UAWS and t he i nner wf ace i ncr eases .

The r esul t of23

' ,T- r :. ap; _ _ . R: P: I Or L- . ' 7r - yK: . ?aS. .: N: .

..v_ . e_. . R . ev_wJ4t 7NXXX. , . . , 4aua r X

TM 9- 19+00

Par &. 17- 18

Gener al

A- UNBURNED GRAI N B. ! BI l t NI NG GRAI N

f i gur e 21 - Pr ogr essi ve Sur ei ng of Powder Gr ai nsMA PD 4219A

t he t wo act i ons i s t hat t he t ot al sur f ace r emai ns appr oxi mat el y t hesame i n ar ea.

The bur ni ng of t hi s t ype of gr ai n i s known as " neut r al : '( ¢) PROCRssseva avRNt xs, When t he mul t i per f or at ed gr ai n

bur ns, t he t ot e! sur f ace ar ea i ncr eases si nce t he per f or at ed gr ai n bur nt ,f r omt he i nsi de and out si de at t he same t i me. Thi s t ype of bur ni ng i scal l ed " pr ogr essi ve" ( f i g . 21 ) .

( 5)

SmvoRsi . When a mul t i per f or at ed gr ai n i s not compl et el yconsumed, por t i ons of t he gr ai n r emai n i n t he f or m of sl i ver s ( B, f i g,21) and ar e nor mal l y ej ect ed as such f r omt he weapon.

cl . Use. Ni t r ocel l ul ose smokel ess pr opel l ant s ar e used as t hepr opel l ant f or smal l - ar ms and l ar ger - cal i ber ammuni t i on. The per -f or at ed f or mof gr ai n i s t he one most commonl y l ur ed i n Uni t ed St at esa2i l i t ar y powder s,

Si ngl e per f or at ed gr ai ns ar e used f or smal l - ar ms,mi nor - cal i ber weapons, and cer t ai n howi t zer s.

Powder s wi t h sevenper f or at i ons ar e used f or l ar ger - cal i ber weapons.

1$. DOUBLE- SASE PQW1; 1ER ( BALLI ST1TG) . Bal l i st i t e i s acombi nat i on of ni t r ogl ycer i n and ni t r ocel l ul ose, cont ai ni ng appr ox-i mat el y 13. 15 t o 13. 25 per cent ni t r ogen obt ai ned by mi xi ng pyr opowder ( 12. 6 per cent ni t r ogen) wi t h guncot t on ( 13. 35 t o 13. 4 per centni t r ogen) , The ni t r ogl ycer i n ser ves t o i ncr ease t he pot ent i al . Smal lper cent ages of i nor gani c sal t s ar e of t en added t o r educe t he f l ash andi ncr ease t he ease of i gni t i on.

Bal l i st i t e i s used i n shot gun shel l s, f i el dmor t ar i ncr ement s, and r acket mot or s. Doubl e- base powder s causemor e er osi on i n t he weapon bar r el but ar e bei ng used i ncr easi ngl ybecause of t he hi gher muzzl e vel oci t i es obt ai nabl e by t hei r use.

35

Ppm. 19- 22Gener al

19. STANDARD SMOKELESS ANDFLASFI LFSS POWDERS-These powder s . whi ch wer e f or mer l y desi gnat ed as FN14

( f l ashI usz- nonhygr oscopi c) and NH ( nonhygr oscopi c) , ar e a mi xt ur eof ni t r ocel l ul ose and ot her mat er i al s added t o cool t he pr oduct s ofcombust i on, t her eby r educi ng t he f l ash and t he hygr oscopi ci t y, t hat i s,t he t endency t o abeor b moi st ur e.

They ar e used as pr opel l ant s f ormost weapons of 37- r uns send l ar ger cal i ber .

Ni t r ogl ycer i n i s used i ncer t ai n powder s wher e especi al l y r api d bur ni ng i s r equi r ed and i ncer t ai n hi ghvel oci t y r ounds and weapons.

h.

Rounds of cer t ai n cal i ber , such as 3- i t t ch, 7b- r nr n, and 90- mm,ar e desi gnat ed as " f l ashl ess, " " smokel ess, " or Fl ashl ess- smokel ess, de-pendent upon f l ash and smoke char act er i st i cs upon f i r i ng,

c.

Whet her ammuni t i on upon kt i r i ng i s f l ashl ess, smokel ess, or bat h,depends upon t he weapons i n whi ch used, t he t ype of i gni t i on used,weapon wear , t he t emper at ur e of t he t ube of t he weapon, and t hequant i t y and desi gn of t he pr opel l ent powder .

Fl ashl ess and smoke-l ess ar e r el at i ve t er ms HTI CI have

et i t def i ned as f ol l ows :

f l aehl essammuni t i on does not f l ash mor e t han 5 per cent of t he t i me i n weaponsof aver age l i f e under st andar d condi t i ons ; smokel ess ammuni t i on pr o.duces l ess t han hal f t he amount of smoke pr oduced by ammuni t i onnot so desi gnat ed. Acompl et e r ound havi ng bot h t hese char act er st i csi s desi gnat ed " f 1ash1css- smokel ess: '

211.

CUNC07TUN.

Guncot t on, a ni t r ocel l ul ose of ' hi gh ni t r at i on{ 13. 35 t o 13. 4 per cent ni t r ogen) i s used i n t he manuf act ur e of pr opel l ant s.

I t i s al so used i n el ect r i c pr i mer s and i n el ect r i cal l y i ni t i at eddest r uct or s,

21 . EC S3I UKELESS POWDER. EC smokel ess powder , or ECbl ank f i r e, consi st s of ni t r ocel l ul ose wi t h i nor gani c ni t r at es . i t i susual l y or ange or pi nk i n col or and r esembl es coar se sand, t hough i ti s sof t and l i ght I t i s sensi t i ve t o f r i ct i on, shock, or heat . I t absor bsmoi st ur e r eadi l y end t her ef or e must be pr ot ect ed f r omt he at mospher e.I t bur ns ext r emel y r api dl y i n t he open, but expl odes i f conf i ned.

I ti e usual l y expl oded by f l ame f r oma pr i mer or f uze.

I t was used atone t i me as a bur st i ng char ge i n f r agment at i on hand gr enades.

I t i sused i n cal i ber . 30 and cal i ber . 50 bl ank car t r i dges, i n shot gun shel l s,and i n cal i ber , 22 ammuni t i on.

22.

SMALr , ARMSPROPELLANTS. Smokel ess powder f or smal lar ms i s usual l y gl azed wi t h gr aphi t e t o f aci l i t at e machi ne l oadi ng andt o pr event t he accumul at i on of l ar ge char ges of st at i c el ect r i ci t y, andt hus pr esent s a bl ack, pol i sl +ed appear ance.

Si nce t he powder gr ai nsar e smal l , t hey i gni t e mor e r eadi l y and bur n mar e f r eel y t han cannonpowder , and when moi st ur e i s pr esent or abnor mal t emper at ur es pr e"vai l , t hey ar e subj ect t o mor e r api d det er i or at i on t han t he l ar gergr ai ns,

Many smal l - ar ms powder s ar e near l y as sensi t i ve t o f r i ct i on46

TM 9- 1900

I M9- 1900

Par s . 22- 94

Gener al

as bl ack powder .

' Wher ef or e, pr ecaut i ons used i n handl i ng bl ack pow-der shoul d be obser ved f or smal l - ar ms powder s. I n gener al , t her e ar et wo t ypes of smal l - ar ms pr opel l ant s, si ngl e- base and doubl e base.

Ar ecent t ype of smal l - ar ms powder i s i n t he f or m of smal l spher i calgr aphi t e- Boat ed bal l s and i s used i n car bi ne and cal i ber AS ammuni -t i on,

23. BLACK POWDER.$,

Gener al ehar aet er i et i ee. Bl ack powder i s an i nt i mat e mechan-i cal mi xt ur e of f i nel y pul ver i zed pot assi umni t r at e or sodi umni t r at e,char coal . and sul f ur .

The Commer ci al bl ast i ng powder wi t h sodi umni t r at e i s nowused f or snl ut i ng pur poses . Pot assi umni t r at e i s Usedi n t he powder s f or al l ot her mi l i t ar y pur poses. Bl ack powder i susual l y i n t he f or m of smel l , bl ack gr ai ns whi ch ar e pol i shed bygl azi ng wi t h gr aphi t e.

I t i s subj ect t o r api d det er i or at i on on absor p-t i on of moi st ur e, but i f kept dr y i t r et ai ns i t s expl osi ve pr oper t i es i n-def i ni t el y.

I t i s one of t he most danger ous expl osi ves t o handl e be-cause i t i s ver y easi l y i gni t ed by heat , f r i ct i on, or spar k.

h.

Uses. I n i t s sever al gr ades, i t s pr esent mi l i t ar y use i s pr ac-t i cal l y conf i ned t o:

( 1)

I gni t i on and pr i mer char ges.( 2)

Expel l i ng char ges f or bas" j ect i on smoke shel l , i l l umi nat i ngshel l , and pyr ot echni cs .

( 3)

Del ay pel l et s f or pr i mer s and f uzes,( 4)

Bl ank ammuni t i on char ges.( 5)

Smoke- puf f and Spot t i ng char ges,( b) Bur st i ng char ges f or pr act i ce bombs and shel l , and sub-

cal i ber shel l ,( 7)

Ti me- t r ai n r i ngs i n t i me and Combi nat i on f uzes.r .

Pr ecaut i ons. Sl ack powder i s par t i cul ar l y sensi t i ve t o shock.Fr i ct i on, heat , f l ame, or spar k,

When bl ack powder i s handl ed i n consor bags or when i t i s not absol ut el y pr ot ect ed agai nst spar ks, t he pr e-caut i ons descr i bed i n sect i on r of chapt er 3 wi l l be st r i ct l y obser ved.

24. GENERAL.

Sl Ct i on V

HI GH EXPLOSI VES

a.

Hi gh expl osi ves ar e usual l y ni t r at i on pr oduct s of or gani c sub-st ances, such as t ol uene, phenol , pent aer yt hr i t ol , ami nes, gl ycer i n, andst ar ch, but may be ni t r ogen- cont ai ni ng i nvr pni c subst ances or mi xt ur es of bot h.

Ot her mat er i al s, such as powder ed al umi num, pl ast i -

Pur l . 24- 27

TM 9- 1900f: omer al

ci zhi g oi l s, waxes, r ubber , em, may al so be added t o expl osi ves t oobt ai n desi r ed char act er i st i cs .

b.

Ahi gh expl osi ve may be a pur e compound or an i nt i mat e mi x-t ur e of sever al i ngr edi ent s. To avoi d onnf usi on i n t he wr i t i ng off or mul as of mi xt ur es, t he f ol l owi ng ol der of l i st i ng of Component s,t oget her wi t h t hei r pr opor t i ons, has been deci ded upon. i nor gani cni t r at es/ expl osi ves ot her t han TNT/ TNT/ met al s: ' i ner t mat er i al s.Wi t hi n any of t he pr ecedi ng gr oups, t he component s ar e l i st ed al pha-bet i cal l y shoul d t her e be mor e t han one of t hat par t i cul ar cl assi f i ca-t i on,

25. PRI MER MI XTURES.a,

Gener al .

Apr i mer mi xt ur e i s an expl osi ve sensi t i ve t o a bl owsuch as t hat i mpar t ed by a f i r i ng pi n.

I t i s used t o t r ansmi t shookor a f l ame t o anot her exposi ve, a t i me el ement , or a det onat or .

h,

Composi t i on .

I n a l ar ge number of mi xt ur es, t he pr i mer mi x"Lur e consi st s of mer cur y f ul mi nat e, pot assi umchl or at e, and ant i monysul f i de, wi t h or wi t hout gr oUnd gl ass and/ or a bi nder . However , t hecher ni cal s and mat er i al s used may be al t er ed, dependent upon t het ype of act i on desi r ed. Pr i mar i l y, however , a pr i mer mi xt ur e Consi st sof an i ni t i at i ng hi gh expl osi ve, ar e oxygen car r i er , and a combust i bl esubst ance.

e.

Uses .

Pr i mer mi xt ur es ar e used i n t he per cussi on el ement s ofcannon pr i mer s, i n f uzes. and i s ur nal l - ar ms pr i mer s, and as t he upperl ayer of a det onat or assembl y .

26. MERCURY FULMI NATE.a. Char act er i st i cs. Mer cur y f ul mi nat e i s a heavy cr yst al l i ne

sol i d, whi t e when pur e, but or di nar i l y havi ng a f ai nt br owni sh- yel l owor gr ayi sh t i nt . I t i s ext r emel y sensi t i ve t o heat , f r i ct i on, spar k, f l ame.or shack, det onat i ng compl et el y i n near l y ever y i nst ance. I t s sensit i vi t y var i es wi t h t emper at ur e.

I t has been f ound t hat i t s sensi t i vi t yi s _dependent i n par t on cr yst al si ze.

I t i s nonhygr oecopi c and maybe saf el y st or ed f or l ong per i ods of t i me at moder at e t emper at ur es.However , i t wi l l not st and l ong- t er mst or age at el evat ed t emper at ur es .

6.

l e.

For al l pr act i cal pur poses, mer cur y f ul mi nat e has beenr epl aced by l ead azi de.

I t s use i s l i mi t ed t o smal l quant i t i es i n n f ewpr i mer s, i n f uze det onat or s, and i n bl ast i ng caps.

I t may be usedal ons or mi xed wi t h pot assi um chl or at e.

27,

LEAD ALI DE. Lead azi de i s an i ni t i at i ng compound used t odet onat e hi gh expl osi ves. I t i s a f i negr ai ned, cr eam- Col or ed com-pound. I t i s sensi t i ve t o f l ame and i mpact but i t i s n* t cer t ai n t odet onat e by t he f i ct i on of a f i r i ng pi n.

I t i s not easi l y decomposed onl ong cont i nued st or age at moder at el y el evat ed t emper at ur es. Ft f l ashos

34

TM9- 1900

pat s. 27- 29Gener al

at a mach hi gher t emper at ur e t han mer cur y f ul mi nt n. A smal l erwei ght of l oad asi de t han of mer cur y f ul mi nat e i s r equi r ed [ o el vi r i nat ean equal amount of TNT, t et r yl , et c. Lead azi de i s r epl aci ng mer cur yf ul mi nat e because of i t s pr oper t i es and because i t st ands up bet t er i nst or age and i s l ess hazar dous t o manuf act ur e, I t i s f ound i n pr i mermi xt ur es and i n det onat or assembl i es i n f uzes,

28. TETRYL.a, ChHr ur t r r i mi r s . Tet r yl ( t r i ni t r opl i enyl met hyl ni t r ami ne) i s a

yel l ow cr yst al l i ne sol i d. When heat ed i t f i r st mel t s and t hen de-composes and expl odes . I t bur ns r eadi l y and i s mor e easi l y det onat edt han TNTor ammoni um pi r r at c, bei ng much mor e sensi t i ve t hanpi cr i c aci d.

I t i s det onat ed by f r i ct i on, Ehock, or spar k

I t i s pr ac-t i cal l y nonhygr oscopi c . Tet r yl i s st abl e t i t al l t emper at ur es whi chmay be encount er ed i n st or age.

b.

Det onat i on .

Mr i sence t est s show t et r yl t o have a ver y hi ghshat t er i ng power .

i t i s gr eat er i n br i sance t han pi cr i c aci d or TNTanci i s exceeded onl y by PETN Hncl some of t he newer mi l i t ar y ex-pl osi ves, such as RDX,

e, Use.( 1)

CHARGES. Tet r yl i s t he st andar d boost er expl osi ve and i s suf -f i ci ent l y i nsensi t i ve when compr essed t o be used saf el y as a boost erexpl osi ve. - The vi ol ence of i t s det onat i on i nsur es a hi gh- or der det onat i on of t he bur st i ng char ge.

I t i s used i n t he f or mof pr essed pel l et s.Tet r yl i s t he st andar d bur st i ng Char ge f or smal l - cal i ber ( 2f } - mmand37- mm) pr oj ect i l es .

I t pr oduces Pppr eci abl y bet t er f r agment at i on oft hese shel l s t hen TNT.

I t i s al so mor e r eadi l y det onat ed and yet i nsmal l - cal i ber shel l wi t hst ands t he f or ce of set back i n t he weapon. I ti s al so a component of t et r yt ol .

( 2)

DETONATOR. Tet r yl i s used i n det onat or s, t he t et r yl bei ngpr essed i nt o t he bot t om of t he det onat or shel l and t hen cover ed wi t ha smal l pr i mi ng char ge of mer cur y f ul mi nat e, l ead azi de, or ot heri ni t i at or ,

29. TWT ( TRI I 111MOTOLUENE) .H,

Gener al . Tr i ni t r ot ol uene, commonl y known as TNT, i s a con-st i t uent of many expl osi ves, such as amat ol , pent ol i t e, t et r yt ol , t or pex,t r i t onal , pi cr at ol , cycl at or , ednat ol , and Composi t i on H, and has beenused by i t sel f under such names as t r i t on, t r ot yl , t r i l i t e, t r i nol , andt r i t ol o.

} t .

( ai sar aet t Aat i es, .

TNT when pr oper l y pur i f i ed i s one of t hemost st abl e of hi gh expi cai ves and can be st or ed over l ong per i ods oft i me. I t i s r el at i vel y i nsensi t i ve t o bl ows or f r i ct i on . Conf i ned TNT,when det onat ed, expl odes wi t h vi ol ence. When i gni t ed by a f l ame,unconf i ned TNT bur ns sl owl y wi t hout expl osi on evol vi ng a heavy

Par s . 29- 30

TN! 9- 1904

Gener al

oi l y smoke; however , bur ni ng or r api d heat i ng of l ar ge quant i t i es, es-peci al l y i n cl osed vessel s, may cause vi ol ent det onat i on. I t i s r eadi l ydet onat ed by mer cur y f ul mi nat e, t et r yl , and si mi l ar hi gh expl osi ves.I t i s nonhygr oseopi c and does not f ar m sensi t i ve compounds wi t hmet al s, but i s r eadi l y act ed upon by al kal i es t o f or munst abl e compounds whi ch ar e ver y sensi t i ve t o heat and i npact .

I t usual l y r e-sembl i es a l i ght br own sugar but when pur e i s Cr yst al l i ne and i s near l ywhi t e.

Easi l y mel t ed and pour ed i nt o a shel l or bomb t o f or ma sol i dcr yst al l i ne expl osi ve char ge, TNTi s a ver y sat i sf act or y mi l i t ar y ex-pl osi ve. The mel t i ng poi nt of st andar d Gr ade 1 TNT i s 80. 2° C.Ammuni t i on l oaded wi t h TNT can be st or ed, handl ed, and shi ppedwi t h compar at i ve saf et y.

e.

Exudat i on.

When st or ed i n war mcl i mat es or du* i ng war msummer mont hs, some ammuni t i on l auded wi t h TNT may exude anoi l y br own l i qui d.

Thi s exudat e oozes out ar ound t he t hr eads at t henose of t he shel l and may f or ma pool on t he f l oor .

The exudat e i si nf l ammabl e and may car r y smal l par t i cl es of TNT. Pool s of exudat eshoul d be r emoved as pr escr i bed i n par agr aph 197,

t l ,

17r t ouat i on.

TNTi n cr yst al l i ne f or ms canbedet onat ed r eadi l yby a No. t i bl ast i ng cap or when hi ghl y compr ess by a No. 8 bl asti ng t ap.

Whencast , i t i s " cessar y t o use a boost er char ge of pr essedt et r yl ar an expl osi ve of si mi l ar br i sance t o i nsur e compl et e det ona-t i on.

e. U' *e.( 1)

BURMKGCHARGE. TNT i s used as a bur st i ng char ge f orhi gh- expl osi ve shel l and bombs ei t her al one or mi xed wi t h ammo-ni xl r n ni t r at e t o f or m50/ 50 or 80/ 20 amat ol . Fl ake TNTi s used i n37- mm shel l and i n f r agment at i on hand gr enades . Ot her mi l i t ar yuses of TNT ar e i n mi nes and f or par t s of cer t ai n shel l and bombbur st er s .

( 2)

DEMOLI TI ON. TNT i s used t o demol i sh br i dges, r ai l r oads,f or t i f i cat i ons, and ot her st r uct ur es and f or l and mi nes.

Far such pur -poses TNTi s used i n t he f or m of a l ar ge shaped char ge or a smal lhi ghl y compr essed bl uck i ncl osed i n a f i ber cont ai ner whi ch pr ot ect si t f r om cr umbl i ng i n handl i ng end r ender s i t wat er pr oof ,

The t r i t onbl ocks used by t he Cor ps of Engi neer s ar c bl ocks of pr essed TNTi ncl osed i n car dboar d cont ai ner s.

( 3)

BLASTI M. TNTi s sui t abl e f or Hl l t ypef i of bl ast i ng and pr o.duces appr oxi mat el y t he same ef f ect as t he same wei ght of dynami t eof SO t o 60 per cent gr ade.

30. ANI ATOL.a. Gener al ehar ar t er i adcw. Ani at ol , a mecbanka1 mi xt ur e of

ammoni um ni t r at e and TNT, has appr oxi mat el y t he same gener alchar act er i st i cs as TNT. I t i s cr yst al l i ne, yel l ow or br owni sh, and i n-

4o

TM9- 1904

Par s . 30- 32Gener al

sensi t i ve t o f r i ct i on, but i t may be det onat ed by sever e i mpact .

I t i sl ess sensi t i ve t o det onat i on t han TNT but i s r eadi l y det onat ed bymer cur y f ui r vi nat c and ot her hi gh expl osi ves. I t i s l ess l i kel y t o exudet han TI NT, I t i s hygr oscopi c and i n t he pr esence of moi st ur e at -t acks copper , br ass, and br onze, f or mi ng danger ousl y sensi t i ve com-pounds . Amat ol , 50/ 54, has appr oxi mat el y t he same r at e of det on-at i on and br i sbance as TNT, whi l e 80/ 10 amat ol i s sl i ght l y l ower i nvel oci t y and br i sance t han TNT.

Amat ol , 80/ 20, pr oduces a whi t esmoke on det onat i on, and amat ol , 50150, pr oduces a smoke Less bl ackt han st r ai ght TNT.

h.

Composi t i on and f or m.

Amat ol , 50/ $0, consi st s of 50 per -cent ammoni umni t r at e and 50 per cont TNTby wei ght When hot ,i t i s suf f i ci ent l y f l ui d t o be pour ed or Cask l i ke TNT.

Amat ol , 80%20,consi st s of 80 per cent ammoni umni t r at e and 20 per cent TNT.

I tr esembl es wet br own augHr . Whenhot , i t becomes pl ast i c and i n t hatst at e i s pr essed i nt o shel l s and bombs.

e,

Um- .

Amat ol i t s a subst i t ut e f or TNT.

Amat ol , 54154, i s usedf or 3- i nch and l ar ger shel l , and go..120 amat ol i s used f or shel l of t 55-r nmand l ar ger . Amat ol i s al so used i n l ar ge bombs. I t s pr i mar yuse, however , i s f or bangal or e t or pedoes.

31. PI CRI C ACI D ( Tt I I NI TH( 1PMENOL) .a.

Cener al .

Pi cr i c aci d, under t he name of mel i ni t e, was adopt edas a mi l i t ar y hi gh expl osi ve by t he Fr ench i t i 1886 and has been usedmor e ext ensi vel y as a mi l i t ar y expl osi ve by f or ei gn nat i ons t hen byt hi s count r y. The Br i t i sh desi gnat e i t as l yddi t e,

h.

Char act er i st i cs.

Pi cr i c aci d i s a l emon- yel l owct yst al l i ne sol i d.I t i s ent i r el y st abl e but r eact s wi t h met al s when moi st , f or mi ng ex-t r e+nel y sensi t i ve compounds. Pi ai c aci d i s mor e r eadi l y det onat edby means of a det onat or t han TNTbut has about t he same sensi t i Vi t yt o shock. I t i s not as t oxi c as TI NT and i s al so nonhygr oacopi o al .t hough sl i ght l y sol ubl e i n wat er .

Pi cr i c aci d has a hi gh mel t i ng poi ntappr oxi mat el y 124" C.

c.

l hw,

Pi ot i c aci d i s chi ef l y used f or conver si on t o ammoni umpi cr at o ( expl osi ve D) and t o f ar m mi xt ur es wi t h ot her ni t no com-pounds .

32, AMMONI UM Mt ; RATT ( EXPLOSI VE D) .a.

Char act er i st i cs. Ammoni umpi cr at e i s t he l east sensi t i ve ofmi l i t ar y expl osi ves t o shock and f r i ct i on. Thi x mekes i t wel l sui t ed f oruse as a bur st i ng char ge i n ar mor - pi er ci ng pr oj ect i l es.

I t i s sl i ght l yi nf er i or i n expl osi ve si r nngt h t o TNT. When heat ed, i t does not mel tbut dr cumpmes and ej cpl odes,

I t r eact s sl owl y wi t h met al s, and whenwet i t may f or msensi t i ve and danger ous compoundswi t h i r on, copper ,and l ead.

I t i s di f f i cul t t o det onat e but bur ns r eadi l y l i ke t ar or r esi n.776L21 n . 49 - 2

41

gar s; 22- 36

TM 9- 1900

Gener al

1b .

Speci al pr eeaul i on&( 1)

Ammoni umpi cr at e, whi chhas been pr essed at a shel l - l oadi ngpl ant and r emoved f r oma shel l , i s ver y much mor e sensi t i ve t o shockor bl owt han f r esh ammoni umpi cr at e. I t shoul d be pr ot ect ed agai nstshock or f i l e and shoul d pr ef er abl y be st or ed al one i n a bui l di ng

( 2) Al t hough l ess sensi t i ve t han TNT, i t can be expl oded bysever e shock or f r i ct i on, i s hi ghl y i nf l ammabl e, and may det onat ewhen heat ed t o a hi gh t emper at ur e.

e. Ji m. Expl osi ve 1: i s used as a bur st i ng char ge f or annor -pi er ci ng shel l , i n pr oj ect i l es f or seacoast cannon, and i n ot her t ypes ofpr oj ect i l es whi ch must wi t hst and sever e shock and st r esses bef or edet onat i ng.

33- PI CHATOLa.

(; ener al .

Pi cr at ol i s a mi xt ur e of 52 per cent expl osi ve Dand48per cent TNT. I t canbe pour ed l i ke st r ai ght TNTandhas appr ox-i mat el y t he same r esi st ance t o shock as t hat of st r ai ght expl osi ve D,The br i sance of pi cr at ol i s bet ween t hat of ex1posi ve Dand TNT.Pi cr at ol i s nonhygr oscopi c .

-b. Lose. Pi cr at ol i s a st andar d f i l l er f or al l Ar my ser ni - ar mor -

pi er ci ng bombs.

3+h WI ROSTARUI EXPI A) SI VES.a.

(: har ael er l f i es .

Ni t r ost ar ch i s a whi t e f i nel y di vi ded mat er i alsi mi l ar i n appear ance t o or di nar y powder ed st ar ch. I t i t consi der abl ymor e sensi t i ve t o f r i ct i on and i mpact t han TNT, consequent l y t hecr ushi ng or br eaki ng of t he expl osi ve i s hazar dous. Ni t r ost ar ch i s l esssensi t i ve t han dr y guncot t on or ni t r ogl ycer i n. I t i s hi ghl y i nf l am-mabl e, can be i gni t ed by t he sl i ght est %par k such as may r esul t f r omf r i ct i on, and bur ns wi t h expl osi ve vi ol ence.

h.

Det enat i on. Ni t r ost ar ch expl osi ves ar e r eadi l y det onat ed bya Na $ bl ast i ng cap,

r .

Eme. Aui t r ost ar ch demol i t i on expl osi ve, consi st i ng of 1/ s- poundor 1- pound ( f our t r i pound) bl ocks, has been adopt ed as a subst i t ut ef or TNT. TNT f or mul as f or comput i ng smal l char ges ar e di r ect l yappl i cabl e t o t he ai t r ost ar ch demol i t i on expl osi ve. These bl ocksmust not be br oken i nt o f r agment s, as t hi s may cause det onat i on.

. 35. PETN ( PENTAERYTHRI TE TETRANI THATE) .a.

Char act er i st i cs.

PETNhas a vel oci t y of det onat i on gr eat ert han t hat of TNTand i s mor e sensi t i ve t o shock or f r i ct i on t han TNTor t et r yl . I n i t s pur e f or m, PETN i s a whi t e cr yst al l i ne powder ;however , i t may be a l i ght gr ay due t o ot her i ngr edi ent s .

I t wi l l de-t onat e under a l ong, sl ow pr essur e. PETN i n bul k must be st or edwet ,

42

TM 9- 1400

Pan. 35- 39Oener sl

h.

Uses . PETNi s suspended i n TNTt o f or mpent ol i t e, an expl o.si ve of hi gh br i sance.

I t i s al so used as t he expl osi ve cor e of pr i ma-cor d f uze- - a det onat i ng cor d whi ch i s wi del y used i n demol i t i on wor k,

36.

PENTQLI TE. Pent ol i t e consi st s of PETNi t s a TNTmat r i x. I ti s super i or t o TNTi n expl osi ve st r engt h and i s l ess sensi t i ve t hanPETN,

Pent ol i t e 50150 may be mel t - l oaded.

I t i s, t her ef or e, sat i s-f act or y f or use i n gr enades, r ocket s, hi gh- expl osi ve- ant i t ank shel l , andi n shaped char ges.

a?. TETRYTOLa.

Char acwr i sl i r o . Tet r yt ol i s a mi xt ur e of 75 per cent t et r yl and25 per cent TNT. I t has hi gher br i sance t han TNT and i s mar eef f ect i ve i n cut t i ng t hr ough st eel and i n demol i t i on wor k.

I t i s l esssensi t i ve t o shock and f r i ct i on t han t et r yl and onl y sl i ght l y mor e sen-si t i ve t han TNT. Tet r yt ol i s nonhyggr osscopi c and i s sui t abl e f or un-der wat er demol i t i on si nce submer gence f or 24 hour s does not appr eci -abl y ef f ect i t s char act er i st i cs.

h.

Use, Tet r yt ol i s used i n chai n Ar i d i ndi vi dual demol i t i on bl ocksand i n cer t ai n dest r uct oos,

38. DYNAMI TE.a.

f : r "ner al .

Commer ci al hi gh expl osi ves ar e mor e f ami l i ar l y r ef er r ed t o as dynami t e.

Ther e ar e sever al t ypes, each t ype bei ng sub-di vi ded i nt o a ser i es of gr ades . Each t ype and gr ade di f f er s i n oneor mor e char act er i st i cs . Dynami t e consi st s of ni t r ogl ycer i n absor bedi n a por ous mat er i al . The por ous composi t i on var i es, dependi ng on .t he t ype of dynami t e.

Dynami t e i s gener al l y avai l abl e as Oar af f i n-coat ed 1' 2- l b r t i cks or ct i r t r i dges and i s r at ed accor di ng t o t he per cehtby wei ght of ni t r ogl ycer i n cont ent .

h. Char aat er i st i es . Dynami t e of f r om 50- t o 60- per cent ni t r o-gl ycer i n cont ent i s oqui val ent on an equal wei ght basi s t o TNT i nexpl osi ve st r engt h, Dynami t e of 40 per cent i s equi val ent t o TNTi nt he r at i o of 1 1/ 4- pound dynami t e t o 1- pound TNT. St r ai ght dynami t ei s mor e sensi t i ve t o shock and f r i ct i on t han TNTand i s capabl e ofbei ng det onat edby t he act i on of a r i f l e bul l et . The hi gher per cent agesof dynami t e have ver y good wat er r esi st ance. Expl osi on of t he com-mon t ypes of dynami t e pr oduces poi sonous f umes whi ch ar e danger ousi n conaned pl aces .

e.

Use.

Dynami t e i s used as a subet i t ut e f or ni t r ost ar ch or TNTand f or t r ai ni ng pur poses. The f ol l owi ng l i mi t at i ons ar e pl aced on i t suse ,.

( 1)

Not t o be i ssued or used f or dest r uct i on of ' ' duds: '( 2)

Not t o be suppl i ed f or t r ai ni ng i n use of demol i t i on equi p-ment .

Pan. 38- +13

TM9- 140o

Gener al

( 3)

Not t o be used i n Coast Ar t i l l er y submHr i ne mi nes or mi nebat t er i es.

( 4)

Not t o be car r i ed i n combat vehi cl es subj ect t o ext r emes oft emper at ur e.

: 39. FDNATOL.a.

Gener al char act er l al i es. Ldnat ol i s a mi xt ur e of hal ei t e orexpl osi ve H ( et hyl enedi ni t mmi TYe) and TNT, and i s one of t he mostpower f ul expl osi ves.

I t i s l ess sensi t i ve t han t et r yl , PETN, or 12DX.Ednat ol i s equi val ent t o t et r yl i n br i sance.

I t can be cast i n t he samemanner as amat ol . I t has no t endency t o combi ne wi t h met al s i n t heabsence of moi st ur e and has n4 t oxi c ef f ect .

I n t he pr esence of moi s-t ur e, hal ei t e hydr ol yzes sl i ght l y gi vi ng an aci d r eact i on, but hydr ol ysi sof ednat ol i s not appr eci abl e. Ednat ol i s ver y st abl e and can be st or edf or l ong per i ods; i t i s nonhygr oscopi c,

b.

I : Xke .

Ecl nat ol may be used f or t he same pur poses as pent ol i t e,namel y, i n r ocket s, gr enades, and hi gh- expl osi ve- ant i t ank shel l .

40.

AMMONAL The t er mammonal r ef er s gener al l y t o expl osi vemi xt ur es cont ai ni ng TNT, ammoni umni t r at e, and power ed al umi num,wi t h or wi t hout ot her i ngr edi ent s such as char coal . Asi mi l ar Br i t i shexpl osi ve i s mi nol 2. As a r ul e, ammonal expl osi ves ar e i nsensi t i veand, because of t he al umi num- cont ent . det onat e wi t h r esul t ant hi ghert emper at ur e, gr eat er bl ast ef f ect , and br i ght er f l ash t han ot her hi gh

" expl osi ves .

They ar e used i n pr ovi ng gr ound t est s of hi gh- expl osi vear t i l l er y shel l f or bet t er obser vat i on.

41 .

YRI TONAl L. .

Tr i t onal i s a gener i c t er mf or expl osi ves cont ai n-i ng TNTand al umi num, gener al l y i n t he r at i o of 80/ 20. I t pr oducesa gr eat er bl eat ef f ect t hud TNT, or Composi t i on Bdescr i bed bel ow.I t i s used i n l i ght - cuse and gener al - pur pose bomb:

42.

RDX.

RDX i s al so known al l cycl t mi t e ( cycl ot r i met hyl enet r i -ni t r ami ne ) , CTMTN, CA hexogen ( Ger man) , and T4 ( I t al i an) .

I ti s a whi t e cr yst al l i ne sol i d havi ng a mel t i ng poi nt of 202' C.

I t hasabout t he same power and br i sance as PETN" I t i s mor e easi l yi ni t i at ed by mer cur y f ul mi nat e t han i s t et r yl .

I t bas a hi gh degr eeof st abi l i t y i n st or age.

RDXi s never used al one but i n mi xt ur es wi t hat her expl osi ves and. / or oi l s and waxes.

43.

TORPEX. Tor pex i s a gr ay compound consi st i ng of RDX, TNT,al umi numpowder , and beeswax ( or si mi l ar wax) . I t i s a mor e powerf ul but much mor e sensi t i ve expl osi ve t han TNT.

Tor pex i s non-hygr oscopi c, noncor r osi ve, and has a ver y hi gh br i sance. Under wat eri t i s 50 per cent mor e deet r uct i ve t han TNT, wher eas i n ai r t he di f f er -ence i s appr oodmat el y 30 per cent Tor pex i s used as a bur st i ng char gei n mi nes, t or pedoes, and dept h char ges.

44

TM 4- 1940

Par s . 44- 46Gener al

44.

COMPOSI TI ONA, A- 2, AND! E- 3. Composi t i on A( COMP. A)i s a mi xt ur e of RDXand a desensi t i zer , bei ng senni pl ast i c i n nat ur e.Composi t i on Ai s a mi xt ur e i ncor por at ed by r ol l i ng, wher eas Composi -t i on A- 2 denot es t he sai nt expl osi ve pr epar ed by ket t l e- dr yi ng an ma.r ol l ed mi xt ur e, and Composi t i on A- 3 a mi xt ur e pr epar ed by t r ay- dr y-i ng an unr ol l ed pr oduct . Composi t i on A- 3 i s gr anul ar i n f or m, r esembl i ng t et r yl i n gr anul at i on.

I t i s buf f i n col or and i s pr ess- l oadedi n mi nor - cal i ber ( I 0- mm, 37- mm, and 40- mm) shel l . I t may al so beused f or boost er s, and can be used i n ar mor - pi er ci ng shel l due t o i t si nsensi t i vi t y and hi gh br i sance.

4. 1 .

{ : OMPOSI TI ONB. Composi t i on S( COMP. B) i s ami xt ur eofRDX, TNT, and beeswax or si mi l ar was . I t i s a nonpl ast i c mat er i alwhi ch i s cast - l oaded. I t i s one of t he most power f ul expl osi ves.

I t i sl ess sensi t i ve t han t et r yl but mor e sensi t i ve t han TNT. Composi t i onB i s an aut hor i zed f i l l i ng f or AN ( Ar my- Navy) st andar d ai r cr af tbombs, r t mi nes, and t or pedoes, and may be used i n boost er s f or l ar gebombs, demol i t i on char ges, and l ar ger - cal i ber pr oj ect i l es.

46. COMPO5111ON t. , C- 2. AND C- 3.a.

Gener al .

Composi t i on C, somet i mes r ef er r ed t o as P, &, i s apl ast i c expl osi ve cont ai ni ng RDXand an i ner t pl ast i ci zer . Composi -t i ons C- 2 and C- 3 ar e si mi l ar except t hat an expl osi ve pl ast i ci zer i sused. Composi t i on C- 2 i ndi cat es a mi xt ur e of RDXpl us ni t r ocot t onand - an expl osi ve pl ast i ci zer cont ai ni ng no t et r yl .

Composi t i on C- 3consi st s of RDX pl us r hi t r ocot t on aT%d pl ast i ci zer cont ai ni ng t et r ylsubst i t ut ed i n par t f or RDX,

b.

Compoet t i on C- 2. Thi s expl osi ve i s easi l y mol dabl e at mostt emper at ur es.

I t wi t hst ands wat er submer si on wel l . I t i s used i n t he21/ 4- pound demol i t i on bl ock M3.

e.

Compoei l i on C3.

At t emper at ur es bet ween 0= and 114° F,Composi t i on C- 3 i s pl ast i c or pl i abl e, cl osel y r esembl i ng put t y.

Bel ow- 20° F, i t becomes har d and br i t t l e.

Above 110° F, i t becomes sof tar i d, i f kept at t hi s t emper at ur e, has a t endency t o r emai n a sof t mass.I t i s consi der abl y l ess sensi t i ve t han TNTand may not al ways bedet onat ed by a No. S bl ast i ng cap but wi l l al ways be det onat ed byt he speci al Engi neer Cor ps bl ast i ng cap, The br owni sh- yel l ow pl ast i c,however , has consi der abl y gr eat er br i sance t han TNTand i s par t i c-ul ar l y ef f ect i ve under wat er .

I t i s used pr i nci pal l y as a commandoand demol i t i on expl osi ve, ei t her wi t h or wi t hout a cont ai ner , I t i sal so used as a f i l l er i n some t ypes of muni t i ons.

I f i t s pl ast i ci t y i sl ost by l ong st or age at l owt emper at ur es, i t may be r est or ed t o sat i s-f act or y pl ast i ci t y by mol di ng wi t h t he hands af t er war mi ngby i mmer .si on i n war mwat er . I t must not be exposed t o open f l ame as i tcat ches f i r e easi l y and bur ns wi t h an i nt ense f l ame. I f bur ned i n

43

Par s. 46- 30

TM 9- 1900Gener al

l ar ge quant i t i es, t he heat gener at ed may make i t expl ode. I t s ex-pl osi on pr oduces poi sonous gases i n such quant i t i es t hat i t s use i r ncl osed spaces i s danger ous.

47.

PTX- 1. Thi s expl osi ve consi st s of RDX, t euyl , and TNT.

I thas a pour i ng t emper at ur e of 90 t o 95 °Cand i s cast abl e. I t i s sl i ght -l y l ess st abl e t hen Composi t i on 13 and ednat oi . I n br i sance and poweri t i s equi val ent t o Composi t i on 8 and 50/ 50 pent ol i t e.

I n gener al ,PTX- 1 has appr oxi mat el y t he same expl osi ve char act er i st i cs as 65/ 35t et r yt ol , Thi s composi t i on does not exude and i s l ess sensi t i ve t oi mpact t han 55/ 35 t et r yt ol .

4&

VI X- Z. Thi s expl osi ve consi st s of PETN, RDX, and TNT, I tcan be pour ed at 95' - Cbut may be pr ess- l oaded or used as a l oosef i l l er .

I t i s l ess sensi t i ve t o i mpact t han 50/ 54 pent ol i t e but mor n sot han Composi t i on 13 or ednat ul .

I t i s mor e st abl e t han pent ol i t e andi t does not exude. PTX- 2 i s mor e br i sant and i s mor e r eadi l y i ni t i at edt o hi gh- or der det onat i on t han any of t he bi nar y expl osi ves.

Sect i on V1

CHEMI CAL AGENTS

49.

DEFI NI TI ON.

Achemi cal agent i s a subst ance whi ch, by i t sor di nar y and di r ect chemi cal act i on and i n concent r at i ons at t ai nabl ei n t he f i el d, pr oduces a t oxi c or an i r r i t at i ng ( har assi ng) ef f ect , ascr eeni ng smoke, an i ncendi ar y act i on, or any combi nat i on of t hese.An agent t hat pr oduces mor e t han one of t hese ef f ect s i s cl assedaccor di ng t o i t s pr i nci pal use.

go.

C1. A%S1f 1i CA' f I t 1N. Chemi cal agent s, or e cl assi f i ed accor di ngt o t act i cal use, pat hol ogi cal ef f ect , and pur pose, as f ol l oWl .

r .

War Saws.

Agas i s an agent whi chpr oduces ei t her a t oxi c ori r r i t at i ng physi ol ogi cal ef f ect .

Such an agent may be i n sol i d, l i qui d,or gaseous st at e, ei t her bef or e or af t er di sper si on. Gases may beper si st ent ( t hose r emai ni ng ef f ect i ve at poi nt of r el ease f or mor e t han10 mi nut es) or nonper si st ent ( t hose becomi ng i nef f ect i ve wi t hi n 10mi nut es) . Per si st ent gases ar e f ur t her di vi ded i nt o moder at el y per -si st ent ( t hose r emai ni ng ef f ect i ve i n t he open 10 mi nut es t o 12 hour s)and hi ghl y per si st ent ( t hose r emai ni ng ef f ect i ve i n t he open l ongert han 12 hour s) , These gases ar e cl assi f i ed as :

( 1)

CASUALTY GANV9.( a)

] Bl i st er gases ( vesi cant s)( b)

Choki nggases ( l ung i r r i t ant s)( c)

Bl ood and ner ve poi sons ( syst emi c poi sons)

46

TM 9. 1900

Por s. 30, 32

HI YRASSWUr *$ES ( i r r i t Ant %) :( a) Voi ni t i ng gases ( st er nut at ar s)( b)

Teat gases ( l acr i mat or s)h.

Scn4r - ni ng nmuke. a.r . I ncendi ar i es .d.

Si mul at ed war gums.

Gener al

51 .

DI KSCRI PTI { 1N.

The t ype, common name, and symbol of t hepr i nci pal chemi cal agent s ar e i ncl uded i n t he t abl e i n f i gur es 23 and23. The f ol l owi ng t abl e i ncl udes t he symbol s and names of chemi calagent s whi ch ar e not i ncl uded i n f i gur es 22 and 23 and whi ch maybe encount er ed i n t he f i el d.

C' WS Symbal a and Ay4m%I n Addi t i on f a RSur es 6 and 7H. . . . . . . . . . . . . , Levi nst ei n must ar d ( 30 per cent i mpur i t i es)HD . . . . . . . . . . Pur i f i ed must ar dHDV , , . . . . ' Thi ckened pur i f i ed must ar dHVV . . . . . . . . Ver y vi scous sol ut i on of met hyl met hwr yl at e

i n pur i f i ed must ar d, HDHP . . . . . . . . . . . . Sol ut i on of phosphor us i n Levi nst vi n must ar dHDP . . . . . ,

Sol ut i on of phosphor us i n pur i f i ed must ar dHN . . . . . . . . . . Ni t r ogen must ar dHL . . . . . . . . . Must ar d l ewi si t eCK . . . . . . . . . . . . Cyanogen chl or i deSA . , . . . . . . . Ar si neAC . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydr ocynni c aci dCNB . . . . . . . . Sol ut i on of chl or acet ophenonv i n benzene and

cer bor t t et r achl or i deCN- DM. . , Bur ni ng mi xt ur e of CMand DM

. . . . . . . . . . St anni c chl or i deNC. . . . . . . . . Chl or pi cr i n- st anni c chl or i deNP . . . . . . . . . . . . Thi ckened gasol i ne, wi t h napal mI M. . . . . . , . . . Th- ekened gasol i neFS . . . . . . . . . . . . Al umi num- bar i umni t r at e mi xt ur eAS . . . . . . . . . . . . Asbest i ne suspensi onMI R . . . . . . . . . . Mol asses r esi duumOt her symbol s; such as A1, A2, and D2, may al so be en-count er ed but t he chemi cal s associ at ed wi t h t hemar e hi ghl ycl s" i f i ed f or secur i t y pur poses . A br i ef descr i pt i on of t hepr i nci pal chemi cal agent s i s cont ai ned i n par agr aphs 53t hr ough 58.

. i 2. PAI NTI NG AND WI RKI 1t i C.a. Pai nl i t sg. Chemi cal ammuni t i on i s i dent i f i ed by t he base

col or , gr ay.

Par 52

TM 4- 1900

Genor al

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Pays. 52- 54

TM %. t 400Gener al

h,

Mar ki ng,

The par t i cul ar agent used as chemi cal f i l l er i s i ndi -cat ed i n t he mar ki ng on t he ammuni t i on by one or t wo bands andt he t ype of f i l l er and i t s symbol , al l i n a di st i nct i ve cal

i n accor dance wi t h chapt er 1, sect i on I I .

5: i .

BUSTERGASES. Bl i st er gases pr oduce casual t i es r esul t antf r om i nj ur i es t o t he eyes and l ungs and ski n bl i st er s.

The pr i nci palbl i st er gases ar e must ar d gas and l ewi si t e .

a.

Must ar d gas ( H) i s a dar k- br own l i qui d whi ch sl owl y evapcr at es t o a col or l ess gas havi ng t he odor of gar l i c .

Pur i f i ed must ar d( HD) may be pr act i cal l y odor l ess- I t s pr i nci pal physi ol ogi cal ef f ecti s t hat of a bl i st er gas ( vesi cant ) , al t hough t he bl i st er i ng does notor di nar i l y appear f or sever al hour s. I f i nhal ed, t he vapor s have achoki ng ( l ung- i r r i t ant ) ef f ect . For compl et e pr ot ect i on agai nst Kbot h gas mash and pr ot ect i ve cl ot hi ng ar e necessar y.

The t act i caluse of Hi s t o neut r al i ze ar eas, cont ami nat e i nat er i el , cause casual t i es,and har ass enemy per sonnel.

I t i s pr oj ect ed by ar t i l l er y and mor t ari n shel l s and f r om ai r pl anes i n bombs and spr ays .

I t i s l ef t i n l andmi nes by r et r eat i ng t r oops .

I t r ender s f ood and wat er unf i t f or use.h.

Lewi si t e ( L) i s a dar k- br own l i qui d evapor at i ng t o a col or l essgas whi ch has t he odor of ger ani ums,

I n addi t i on t o bei ng a bl i st erand choki ng gas, l ewi si t e i s an ar seni cal poi son.

Gas mask and pr o-t ect i ve cl ot hi ng ar e necessar y f or pr ot ect i on agai nst L. The t act i caluse of L and t he met hods of pr oj ect i on ar e t he same as t hose f or H.I t r ender s f ood and wat er per manent l y unf i t f or use.

54. CHOKI NGCASES. Choki ng gases i nj wv t he r espi r at or yt r act nose, t hr oat , and l ungs, The pr i nci pal choki ng casual t y gasesar e di pbosgene, phosgene, chl or i ne, and chl or pi cr i n.

u. Di ghosgene ( DP) has a t oxi ci t y about t he same as t hat ofphosgene, I t causes wat er i ng of t he eyes, as wel l as coughi ng andoccasi onal vomi t i ng,

I s . Phosgene ( CG) appear s on pr oj ect i on as a whi t i sh cl oud,changi ng t o a col or l ess gas. The t oxi ci t y i s over t en t i mes t hat ofchl or i ne. I n hi gh concent r at i ons, whi ch ar e of t en met i n bat t l e, oneor t wo br eat hs may be f at al i n a f ewhour s_ Unl i ke chl or i ne, CGpr oduces but sl i ght i r r i t at i on of t he sensor y ner ves i n t he upper ai rpassages, so t he men exposed t o t hi s gas ar e l i kel y t o i nhal e i t mor edeepl y t han t hey woul d equi val ent concent r at i ons of chl or i ne or ot hergases. For t hi s r eason, phosgene i s ver y i nsi di ous i n i t s act i on andmen gassed wi t h i t of t en have l i t t l e or no war ni ng sympt oms unt i lt oo l at e t o avoi d ser i ous poi soni ng.

I t s t act i cal use, act i on on met al s,f ood, and wat er , ar e t he same as f or chl or i ne,

c.

Chl or i ne ( Cl ) i s a gr eeni sh- yel l ow gas wi t h a pungent odor .Physi ol ogi cal l y, i t act s as a l ung i r r i t ant , The ser vi ce gas mask ssuf f i ci ent f or pr ot ect i on,

I t i s used t act i cal l y as a casual t y agent

I tso

YM9_1900

Put s, 54- 56

Gener al

causen vi ol ent coughi ng i mmedi at el y and can be f at al on cont i nuedexposur e

I t i s used al one and wi t h ot her of t hi s gr oup i n gas- cl oudat t ack f r omcyl i nder s,

I t has a vi gor ous cor r osi ve act i on on wet ormoi st met al s . Food and wat er cont ami nat ed wi t h chl or i ne can bemade f i t f or use under t he di r ect i on of a medi cal of f i cer .

al .

Chl or pi cr i n ( PS) i s a col or l ess oi l y l i qui d, changi ng sl owl y i nt he open t o a col or l ess gas. I n addi t i on t o i t s l ung i nj ur ant ef f ect s,PS i s al so a st r ong t ear gas, and has t he addi t i onal advant age of bei ngcapabl e of penet r at i ng gas mask cani st er s t hat ar e r esi st ant t o or di -nar y aci d gases such as chl or i ne and phosgene. The i nj ur i ous ef f ect sof PS al so ext end t o t he st omach and i nt est i nes, causi ng nausea,vomi t i ng, col i c, and di ar r hea.

Si nce t hese condi t i ons ar e di f f i cul t t ocombat i n t he f i el d and of t en per si st f or weeks, even sl i ght cases ofPS gassi ng f r equent l y i nvol ve l ar ge casual t y l osses .

Tact i cal l y, i t i sused i n heavy concent r at i ons as a casual t y agent and i n l i ght er con-cent r at i ons as a har assi ng agent . PS i s used wi t h t ear gas i n ar t i l -l er y and mor t ar shel l s and i n ai r pl ane bombs and spr ays, Wi t hphosgene and chl or i ne, I >S i s used f mr n cyl i nder s.

I t has sl i ght act i onon met al s. Cont ami nat ed f ood and wat er may be r ender ed f i t f oruse under t he di r ect i on of a medi cal of f i cer .

. i i .

BLOODANl l NERVE POI SONS. These gases may pr oducet oxi c ef f ect s ver y r api dl y. The pr i nci pal bl ood and ner ve poi sonsar e hydr ocyani c aci d and cyanogen chl or i de,

a. Hydr ocyani c aci d ( AC) f or ms a col or l ess gas upon r el ease.I t s odor i s si mi l ar t o t hat of al monds, but i s not al ways r eadi l y de-t ect ed i n t he f i el d. I t s act i on i s ver y r api d. I t s f i r st act i on i s st i mu-l at i on of t he r espi r at or y syst em, causi ng deeper i nhal at i on. Deat hby par al ysi s of t he r espi r at or y syst em may occur i n a f ewmi nut es.

h. Cyanogen chl or i de ( CK) f or ms a col or l ess gas upon r el easeand has a shar p pungent odor . I t s act i on i s ver y r api d and pr oducespar al ysi s of t he r espi r at or y syst em, Unl i ke AC, i t f i r st pr oduces ani nvol unt ar y spasmof shor t dur at i on of t he upper r espi r at or y t r act .

56.

HAHASSI NGGASES. The har assi ng gases ( i r r i t ant s) ar e t het ear and vomi t i ng gases.

The pr i nci pal ones ar e:a. Chl or acet ophenone ( CN) , commonl y known as t ear gas, i s

t ypi cal of t he t ear gases,

I t pr oduces pr of use weepi ng and r equi r est he useof a gas mask f or pr ot ect i on.

I t has no per manent l y i nj ur i ous'

ef f ect on t he eyes

I n hi gher concent r at i ons, i t i r r i t at es t he ski n,pr oduci ng a bur ni ng and i t chi ng sensat i on. CN i s used al ong i ngr enades. I t i s used i n benzene and car bon t et r achl or i de sol ut i onal one ( CNI 3) and i n chl or of or i n sol ut i on wi t h chl or pi cr i n ( CNS) i nar t i l l er y and mor t ar shel l s and f r om ai r pl oner i n bombs and spr ays.CN has sl i ght act i on on met al s. I t i mpar t s a di sagr eeabl e t ast e t of ood and wat er .

51

Par s . 54- - 57

TM 4- 1900Gener al

h. Br ombenzy1cyani de ( BBC) i s a t ear gas whi ch pr oduces abur ni ng sensHt i on of t he mucous membr anes and sever e i r r i t at i on andl acr i mat i on of t he eyes wi t h acut e pai n i n t he f or ehead.

a. Adar nsi t e ( DM) t ypi f i es t he vomi t i ng gases. I t i s a sol i dwhi ch i s di sper sed by bur ni ng- t ype muni t i ons such as candl es andgr enades, and appear s as a yel l ow smoke wi t h an odor r esembl i ngcoal smoke. Physi ol ogi cal l y, i t causes l acr i mat i on, vi ol ent sneezi ng,i nt ense headache, nausea, and t empor ar y physi cal debi l i t y. For pr o-t ect i on, t he ser vi ce gas mask, whi ch i s equi pped wi t h an ef f i ci entsmoke f i l t er , i s r equi r ed.

Tact i cal l y, i t i s used as a har assi ng gas.DMhas a sl i ght act i on on met al and r ender s f ood and wat er per -manent l y unf i t f or use.

<l .

Di phenyl chl or ar si ne ( DA) i s a vomi t i ng gas whi ch causes i r r i -t at i on of t he t hr oat and l ungs. Thi s i s f ol l owed by a headache, andpai ns i n t he j aws and t eet h.

These sympt oms ar e accompani ed bychest pai ns, nausea, and vomi t i ng,

i ?. SCREENI NG SMOKES. Smokes ar e pr oduced by t he di w-per si on of par t i cl es i n t he at mospher e t hr ough t he bur ni ng of sol i dsand t he spr ayi ng of l i qui ds. They ar e used t o scr een movement s andact i vi t y, t o bl anket t he enemy, t o i nact i vat e obser ver s, t o spot 2r t i l -I er y f i r e and bombi ng, and t o di sgui se cl oud gas,

a. Hoxachl or et hane- zi nc mi xt ur e ( HC) can be used onl y f r ombur ni ng- t ype ammuni t i on, such as gr enades, candl es, and base- i gni t i onand bas" j ect i on smoke shel f . No pr ot ect i on of mat er i el i s r equi r ed.HC i s har mf ul ( t oxi c) t o unmasked per sonnel who ar e exposed t oheavy concent r at i ons f or shor t per i ods or t o l i ght concent r at i ons f orext ended per i ods of t i me, but t he ser vi ce mask of f er s compl et e pr o-t ect i on. Food and wat er ar e not spoi l ed ' by HC but acqui r e a di s-agr eeabl e odor.

Sul f ur t r i axi de- chl or sul f oni c aci d mi xt ur e ( FS) i s a l i qui dwhi ch pr oduces a dense whi t e smoke when di sper sed i nt o a humi dat mospher e. I t i s pr oj ect ed i n shel l s, by ai r pl ane spr ay and f r ompor t abl e cyl i nder s. FS l i qui d i s ver y cor r osi ve, and r ubber gl ovesshoul d be wor n i n handl i ng i t . No mask i s necessar y f or t he smoke,whi ch i s har ml ess t o per sonnel except i n ver y heavy concent r at i ons.Li qui d FS r ender s f ood and wat er unf i t f or use; t he smoke mer el yi mpar t s an unpl easant t ast e-

Because of i t s cor r osi ve nat ur e, cer t ai nr est r i ct i ons ar e i n f or ce on t he use of FS( AR758- 10) .

e. Ti t ani um t et r achl or i de ( FM) i s si mi l ar t o FS i n appear ance,pr oper t i es . and use.

d,

Whi t e phosphor us ( WP) i s a yel l ow, waxy subst ance whi chi gni t es spant ancoml y and pr oduces a dense whi t e smoke. I t s pci t t -ci pal use i s t o pr oduce smoke, al t hough i t i s an i ncendi ar y and casual t y agent as wel l .

WPi s used onl y i n expl osi ve- t ype pr oj ect i l es,51

TM9- 1900

Put s. 57- 55Gmer al

ar t i l l er y end mor t ar shel l , gr enades, and ai r pl ane bombs. When t hepr oj ect i l e expl odes, i t scat t er s smal l pi eces of phosphor us whi ch i gni t espont aneousl y upon cont act wi t h ai r . These par t i cl es cont i nue t obur n even when embedded i n t he f l esh. Phosphor us bur ns shoul d bekept under wat er or wel l packed wi t h moi st ear t h unt i l t he par t i cl esar e r emoved. Phosphor us smoke i s unpl easant t o br eat he but har m-l ess; t hepar t i cl es, however , wi l l poi son f ood and wat er .

5$.

I NCENDI ARI ES. I ncendi ar i es ar e used t o i gni t e Combust i bl emat er i al s, but mayal so i nj ur e per sonnel ,

Var i ous t ypes of i ncendi ar yagent s ar e used. An al umi num- bar i um ni t r at e mi xt ur e ( F$) , t henmi t e ( TH) , or t her mat e ( TH) ar e used i n magnesi umor st eel con-t ai ner s,

a.

Ther mi t e i s a mi xt ur e of al umi numand i r on and t hi s mi xt ur e,upon i gni t i on, pr oduces mol t en i r on.

b.

Ther mat e, a mi xt ur e of t her mat e wi t h ot her subst ances ( suchas bar i umni t r at e) whi ch accel er at e t he bur ni ng, i s used i n i ncendi ar ybombs and gr enades .

c. Combust i bl e oi l & and j el l ed gasol i ne ar e used i n bombs andSame t hr ower s. I ncendi ar y mi xt ur e ( PT- 1) i s used i n bombs.

Par $. 5960

TM 9- 1900

59. GENERAL.

60. CARTR11l CES.

CHAPTER 2

CLASSES OF AMMUNI TI ON

Sect i on 1

SMALL- ARMS AMMUNI TI ON

a.

Ammuni t i on used i n weapons whose bor e i s 0. 60 i nch or l ess( r i f l es, car bi nes, pi st ol s, r evol ver s, and machi ne guns) and i n shot gunsi s cl assed as smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on,

b.

Many t ypes of car t r i dges ar e manuf act ur ed t o t he same pr o-r i l e, Consequent l y, car t r i dges of t hesame cal i ber al t hough of di f f er entmodel may be ver y bi mi l ar i n appear ance. Each t ype, and somet i meseach model , as i n t he case of some t r acer car t r i dges, has a char ac .t er i st i c col or ed bul l et t i p.

Car t r i dges may be i dent i f i ed as t o t ype,r oodei , and cal i ber by mar ki ng on packi ng boxes and cot t ons.

c.

The col or s used on bul l et t i ps t o i dent i f y t he t ype of car t r i dgear eshown i n f i gur e 1 and descr i bed i n par agr aph Ta ( 3) .

a,

Gener al .

A r ound of smal l - ar ms amt nvni t i on i s known as acar t r i dge.

I n gener al , i t consi st s of a bul l et , a pr opel l i ng char ge, apr i mer , and a car t r i dge case, al l assembl ed i nt o a uni t assembl y ( f i gs.24, 25, and 26) .

1x Bul l et . Bul l et s f or ser vi ce ume have a met al cor e or sl ugwhi ch i s cover ed wi t h a gi l di ng met al , or gi l di ng- met al - cl ad st eelj acket .

I n t he case of cal i ber . 4S bul l et s, copper - pl at ed st eel may beused i nst ead of gi l di ng met al f or t he j acket .

Bal l and t r acer bul l et shave a l ead al l oy or commonst eel cor e or sl ug, wher eas ar mor - pi er ci ngbul l et s have a bar dened st eel al l oy cor e. Bul l et s have a f l at or t aper edbase. Abul l et havi ng s t aper edbase i s sai d t o be " boat - t ai l ed' Acan-nel ur e, or annul ar knur l , i s r ol l ed or cut i nt o t he j acket t o pr ovi de ar ecess i nt o whi ch t he car t r i dge case i s cr i mped ( f i gs. 27, 29, 29,and 30) .

c.

Pr opel l i ng char ; c. Ther e ar e t wo t ypes of smal l - ar ms pr o-pel l ant sgener al l y used, t he si ngl e- base ni t r ocel l ul ose t ype and t hedoubl e- baset ype. The doubl e- base t ype i s a mi xt ur e of ni t r ocel l ul oseand ni t r ogl ycer i n whi ch bur ns mor e r api dl y t han t he si ngl e- base t ype;i t i s used i n shot gun shel l s, some cal i ber . 45 r o=ds, and car bi ne am-muni t i on. The wei ght of t he chhar ge and gr anul at i on of t he powderar e i n accor dance wi t h speci f i cat i on r equi r ement s f or vel oci t y andpr essur e. The char ge i s assembl ed l oosel y i n t he car t r i dge case.

54

r at 9. 1900

LI :

Ci m&es of Ammuni t i on

so

Par . 60

Par , 60

TM 9- 19p0Cl asses of Ammuni t i on

A

B

A- CAL- . 3Q CARBI NE BALL CARTRI DGE, MlA - CAL. . 4X BALL CARTRI DGE, M1911C- - - CAL. . 22 LONG RI FLE BALL CARTRI DGED- 12- GAGE SHOTGUN SHELLE - - CAL. Ao BALL CARTRI DGE. MzF- - CAL. - 50 BALL CARTRI DGE, M2

KA PD 45076

Fi gur e 25 - Types of Smal l - ar ms Ammuni t i on56

G

TM4- 1400

Par . 6004I wes of Ammuni t i on

A

c

A- CAL. . 3C CARBI NE BALL CARTRI DGE, MlB - CAL. . 9S I SALL CARTRI DGE, W911C- CAL. 3t LONG RI FLE BALL CARTRI DGE0- 12- GAGE SH07GUI N SHELLE- CAL. . 30 BALL CARTRI DGF, M2F CAL. . 50 BALL ( _' ARTRI DGE, h47

RA PD 99561A

Fi g - e 26 - Types of Sma) t - ar ms Ammvr r i f ! on - Cr oss Sect i onMM0- se- A

07

Par . 60

TM 9- 1900CPasses of Ammuni t i on

A

- BASE, FI LLER- GI LDI NG METALB- COMP051TI ON, I GNI r ERI C - OOMPMI TI ON, TRACLRD - - CORE- TUN( XSTEN CHROME STEF( ,r - JACKET GI LDI NGMETAL OR GI LDI NG&%ETAL GLAD STEELF - POI NT FI LLER- LEAD " T" SHOTO. . - SLUG- LEAD WI TH ANTI MONYH- BODY PLUG- LEAD SHOTI - I NCENDI ARY CONSPO$I TI ON3- STEEL BODY

G

GAL , 30 BALL BULLET, hi t

BLACK- APPROX. 5. ' 16" - i

CAL. 30 ARMOR- PI ERCI NG GULLET, M2

RED- APPROX. 5; " 16" -

CAL , 30 TRACER GULLET, MI

ORANGE- APPROX. 5?: 1&, '

G

CAL, , 30 TRACER SULLET, T10

BLUE - APPROX. 5/ 16"

CAL. 30 I NCENDI ARY BULLET. MI

KA PO 4511C

Fi gur e 27- Cal i ber . 30 BuJi ef s - - Cr ass Sect r owt

$4

TM 9- 1900

Gasses of Ammuni t i on

A- COMPOSI TI ON. I CNI TER

G- POI NT FI LLER- LEAD WI THANTI MONYR- COMPOSI TI ON. SUB- I GNI TER

H- SLSJG- LEAD WI TH ANTI MONYC- COMPOSI TI ON. TRACER

I - JACKET- GI LDI NGMETAL CLAD STEELD- CORFSTEEL

J- I NCENDI APY mr ) CTLREE- CORE- TUNGSTEN CHROME STEEL K- STEEL. BODYF- JACKET GI LDI NI S METAL

CAL - 50 TRACER BULLET, MI OPANGE- APPROX 7: - ' 1( ?'

CAL. SO I NCENDI ARY BULLET MT

CAL, , 50 I NCENDI ARY GULLET. M2#

r 3LUF- APPROX. 7: 32"

RA PI D 89316A

Fi gur e 28 - . Cal i ber . 50 Bul l et s - Cr oss Secf i *n

39

Par . 60

Por s . 60- 63

7M 9- 1900

Cl asses of Ammuni t i on

d.

Pr i nt er .

The pr i mer co, i si st s of a br ass or gi l di ng- met al cupwhi ch cont ai ns a pr i r ner - omposi t i on pe11et of sensi t i ve expl osi ve, apaper di sk, and a br ass anvi l . Abl ow f r omt he f i r i ng pi n on t he pr i mercup compr esses t he pr i mer composi t i on bet ween t he cup and t heanvi l , and causes t he composi t i on t o expl ode.

The bol es or vent s i nt he anvi l al l ow t he f l ame t o pass t hr ough t he pr i mer vent i n t he car -t r i dge case and i gni t e t he pr opel l ant

c.

Car t r i dge eaae.

The car t r i dge case i s made of dr own br assor st eel . I t ser ves as a means wher eby t he ot her component s- pr i mer ,pr opel l i ng char ge, and bul l et - ar e assembl ed i nt o a uni t , t he car t r i dge.Anot her of i t s f unct i ons i s t o expand and seat t he chamber agai nst t heescape of gases t o t he r ear when t he car t r i dge i s f i r ed.

Thi s act i on i sknown as obt ur at i on. To make t he car t r i dge wat er pr oof and t o keept he pr opel l i ng char ge dr y, t he pr i mer i s seal ed i n t he pr i mer seat andt he bul l et i s seal ed i n t he neck of t he car t r i dge case by a t hi n f i l m ofl acquer or var ni sh at t he t i me of manuf act ur e.

An ext r act or gr oove,t ur ned i n t he head of t he car t r i dge case, pr ovi des a means of r emovi ngt he case f r omt he chamber of t he weapon,61 . TYPES_as f ol l ows=

Bal lAr mor - pi er ci ngAr mor - pi er ci ng- i ncendi ar yAr mor - pi er ci ng- i ncendi ar y-

t r acerI ncendi ar yTr acerHl ank

Smal l - ar ms car t r i dg" ar e cl assi f i ed accor di ng t o t ype

DummyHi gh- pr essur e t estGal l er y pr act i ceGuar dSubcal i berGr enadeShotShot gun shel l s

62.

RALL.

Thi s t ype of car t r i dge, i nt ended f or use agai nst personnel and l i ght mat er i el t ar get s, i s t he ol dest ser vi ce t ype_

I t i s bei ngr epl aced f or combat pur poses, however , by ar mor - pi er ci ng and ot hert ypes. The t er m" bal l , " al t hough no l onger accur at el y descr i bi ng t heshape of t he moder n bul l et , has been c" i t i nued i n use t o desi gnat et hat t ype of bul l et and ammuni t i on used f or t he same pur poses asammuni t i on of ver y ear l y desi gn, t he bul l et of whi ch was act ual l y abal l ( f i gs. 25 t o 30) . A speci al hi gh gr ade of bal l ammuni t i on i smanuf act ur ed each year f or t he Nat i onal Mat ches of t hat year ,

Thef ol l owi ng year i t may be used i n pr el i mi nar y f i r i ng f or such mat ches.The second year , and t her eaf t er , i t i s consi der ed as st andar d ser i t i ceammuni t i on. The head of each of t hese car t r i dges i s st amped " 14, M. "and wi t h t he year of manuf act ur e.63.

ARMOR- PI E1f CI NG. Thi s t ype of car t r i dge i s i nt ended f oruse agai nst ar mot ed ai r cr af t and vehi cl e4, concr et e shel t er s, and si m-i l ar bui l t - r esi st i ng t ar get s . The bul l et has a har dened st eel al l oycor e. I n addi t i on, i t may have a base f i l l er and a poi nt f i l l er of asof t er met al , such as gi l di ng met al ( f i gs . 27 and 28) .

TM 9- 1900

Pai r s. 64- - 48Cl asses of Ammuni t i on

A- SLUG- LEAF? ALLOYB- JACKET- GI LDI NGMETALC- JACKET- COPPER. K, hTED STEELD- I I GNI I TERE- TRACERCOMPD51TI ON

sORC

CAL . 45 BALL BULLET, M1911, RED- APPROX. 3+" 15r

GA

CAL . 45 TRACER BULLET, T30

Fi gur a ?9 - Cal i ber . 46 dul f el s - Cr oss Saef +on

RA PD 893d0A

61,

ARI VI OR- NI EHCTNC- I NCENDI ARY . Thi s t ype of car t r i dge i sused i n cal i ber . 30 st ud cal i ber . 50 weal ) OAS i r e l i eu of usi ng bot har mor - pi er ci ng and i ncendi ar y car t r i dges.

65,

_YRXi O( I - Nl I : KI .: TNC- I NCENUCAI I I ' - ' 1-RACER.

Thi s t ype ofcar t r i dge combi nes t he f eat ur es of ar mor - pi er ci ng, of i ncendi ar y, andof t r acer car t r i dges and i s i nt ended t o r epl ace t hese car t r i dges,

66. I NCENDI ARY. Thi s t ype of car t r i dge i s si i ni l at t o bal l orar mor - pi er ci ng ammuni t i on i n out war d appear once. I t i s used f ari ncendi aar y pur poses agai nst ai r cr af t . I t cont ai ns an i ncendi ar y Com-posi t i on, 8s a cent r al bul l et cor e, whi ch i gni t es on i mpact wi t h t het ar get ( Fi gs . 27 and 28) .

67. TRACER. Thi n t ype of car t r i dge i s i nt ended f or use wi t hot her t ypes t o show t he gunner , by i t s t r ace, t he pat h of t he bul l et s,t hus assi st i ng i i i cor r ect i ng ai m,

I t may al so be used f or i ncendi ar ypur poses .

The t r acer el ement consi st s of +t pr essed i nf l ammabl e Mat e-r i al i n t he base of t he bul l et ; t hi s coml x) si t i on i s i gni t ed by t he pr o-pel l i ng char ge when t he car t r i dge i s f i r ed ( f i p, 27 t hr ough 30) ,

Fori dent i f i cat i on . t he nose of t he bul l et i s pai nt ed r ed, or ange, or mar oon,

68.

11LANl i ,

Thi s t ype of car t r i dge ( f i g. 31) i s di st i ngui shed byt he al Aence of a bul l et .

I t i s uAed f ar si mul at ed f i r e, t r ai ni ng caval r ymount s, and f i r i ng sal ut es. I t i s al so used i n machi ne guns equi pped

61

Pays . 68- 71

TM 9- 1900Cl asses of Ammt ar t t i on

A- SLUG- LEAD ALLOYB- 1ACJCCT- GI LDI NGMETALC- 1GMTERD- TRACERCOMPD51TI ONE- JACKET- GI LDI NG ' yi ETAL CLAOSTEEL.

CAI . _K CARBI NE BALL BULLET, W

- . $$0- RED- APPROX. 1 . g"

C/ 0 ACAL . 30 CARBI NE TRACER BULLET t vt W6

462,

RA PD 8933I A

Fi gor e 30 - Car r hi r i e COl i bel . 30 SuPet s - Cr oss Sect i on

wi t h bl ank- f i r i ng at t achment s i n or der t o oper at e t hese weapons f ori nst r uct i onal pur poses . EC bl ank powdol r i s used t o pr oduce t henoi se.

69,

DUMMY,

Thi s t ype of car t r i dge ( f i g, 32) i s aged f or pr act i ceui l oadi ng weapons, t o det ect f l i nchi ng i n f i r i ng weapons, and t o si mul at e f i r i ng,

The car t r i dge case of ol der l ot s of dummy ammuni t i oni s t i n- coat ed. However , t he pr esent means of i dent i f i cat i on of dummycar t r i dges i s by means of hol es dr i l l wl t hr ough t he si de of t he cageand by t he Cmpt y pr i mer hol e. The car t r i dges ar e compl et el y i ner tbut si mul at e ser vi ce r ounds i n most det ai l s.

7{ l .

1i 11GH- PRESSLRI F ' 1' EST.

Thi s t ype of cI I r t r l dg£ ( f i g . 33) i smanuf act ur ed f or use i r i pr oof f i r i ng of smal l ar ms,

Si nce t he pr opel -l i ng char ge of t hi s ammuni t i on devel ops hi gh pr essur es, t hese car -t r i dges shoul d never be used f or any ot her pur pose. When used f ort he pur pose i nt ended, al l per sonnel shoul d be pr ot ect ed by adequat e: over ,

' 1' I t i i s ammuni t i on i s di st i ngui she4. l f r omot her t ypes by t he t i ncoat i ng of t he car t r i dge case_

I n some ol der l ot s, t he wor d " TEST" ' i sst amped on t he head of t he car t e,

7f .

GALLERYPRACTI CE. The pr esent st andar d f or gal l er y pr ac-t i ce i s t he cal i ber _22 l ong r i f l e car t r i dge ( f i gs. 25 and 26) , a r i m- f i r ecar t r i dge of commer ci al manuf act ur e. I n t he past a gal l er y pr act i cecar t r i dge, cal i ber . 30 1ai 1919 was used, but any Avai l abl e l ot s Of t hi scar t r i dge ar e r eser ved f or guar d pur poses,

TM 9- 1900

Pam 72- - 73


CA4, 34 BLANK CARTRI DGE, M1"

CAL. , 45BLANk CARTRI DGE, M9

CAL. . $0 BLANK CARTRI DGE, Ml i r 4ol

Fi gur e 31 - Bl ank Car t r i dges

RA PD g9334A

72.

GUARD.

Guar d car t r i dges coaai st ed of a l ow- vel oci t y char geand v r ound- nose l ead bul l et t ogeAher wi t h t he car t r i dge case endpr i mer , The guar d car t r i dge M1 was f or mer l y known as t he gal l er ypr act i ce car t r i dge M1919 ( 1mr . 71) .

As i n t he case of t he gal l er ypr act i ce cHr t r i t o, t he use of t he guar s! car t r i dge i s bei ng di scon-t i nued.

7. 1 . SUBCA1dBl ai .a.

Thi s t ype of , : ar t r i dge ( f i g . 34) i s f i r ed f r om subcal i ber t ubesi nser t ed i n l ar ger weapons, The subcal i ber car t r i dge, cal i ber . 30,M1925 i s f i r ed f r om a " Kr ag" t ype of subcal i ber t ube i n 3- i nch seacoast guns.

Thi s car t r i dge i s i dent i f i ed by t he ext r act i ng r un on t hehead of t he case i nst ead of t he usual gr oove.

h.

Ot her car t r i dges: , speci f i cal l y t he st andar d cal i ber . 22, cal i ber. 30, and cal i ber . 50 bal l car t r i dges, ar e f i r ed f r omsubcal i ber t ubes i nf i el d, t ank, and ant i t ank weapons.

Par , 73

TM 9- 1900

Cl asses of Ammar t i f i or t

A

B

- CAL. . . 0 GUMMY CARTRI DGE, M2

D

B

CAL . . 90 CARBI NE DUMMY CARTRI DGE, M13C - , r - Al . . 30 DUMMY CARTRI DGE, h1 S?j ) - CAL . . 95 DUMMY CARTR4DGE, M1921

f i gur e 32 - - Dummy Car t r i dges

64

RA PD 99344A


65

f i gur e 3S-Nl gh- pr esi vne Test Car t r i dges

C

Par . 73

CAL, LO HI GH-PRESSURE TEST CARTRI EI UE, M1B-CAL, . 30 CARBI NE HI GH PRESSURE TEST CARTRI CI JE, M18C-CAL. . 30 HI CI J- PRESSURE TEST CARTRI DGE, i " ID- CAL. . h5 HI GH PRESSURF TEST CARTRI DGE, A41

RA FD 031GA

Par s . 74- 76Cl asses of Ammuni t i on

1A, PD 23079A

Fi gur e 34 - Cal i ber . 30 Su' bcaf i ber Car t r i dge MT925

AUXt L1ARY GRENADE CAR7RI DGEM7

GAL. - M CARBI NE GRENADE CARTRI DGE. 1,

CAL. . 30 RI FLE GRENADE CARTRI DGE, M3RA PD G8318B

Fi gur e 35- Gr enade Car t r i dges

7M 9- 1900

71 . URENAUE. Gr enade car t r i dges ( f i g . 35) ar e speci al bankcar t r i dges f or use i n pr opel l i ng gr enades f r om l aui t i cher s at t ached t or i f l es or car bi nes . The Ti t l e gr enade and car bi ne gr enade car t r i dgesar a di st i ngui shed by a r ose- pet al cr i mp at t he mout h of t he case. Theauxi l i ar y gr enade zar t r i dge M7 whi ch cont ai ns a pr opel l ant but nopr i mer i s somet i mes used i n conj unct i on wi t h t he r i f l e or car bi negr enade car t r i dge t o gi ve addi t i onal r ange.75.

SH( Yl ' . Shot car t r i dges of cal i ber . 45 ( f i g_ 36) ar e f or use i npi st ol s f or hunt i ng smal l game. I nst ead of a sol i d bul l et , t hey con-t ai n No. 7' A chi l l ed shot , whi ch i s al so used i n shot gun shel l l oadi ng&These car t r i dges ar e i nt ended pr i mar i l y f or use by ai r f or ce per sonnelas an ai d i n obt ai ni ng f ood.76.

SHOTGUNSHELLS. Shot gun shel l s ( shot shel l s) of appr opr i -at e l oads ar e pr ocur ed commer ci al l y f or use i n 12- gage spor t i ng- t ypeand r i ot - t ype shot guns ( f i g. 37) .

7M9- 1900

Pays . 77- 78Cl asses of Ammuni t i on

CAL 45 SHOT CARTRI pGE, MI 5

67

CAL . . 45 $NOI CARTRI DGE l AQ

f i gur e 3b- - Cal i ber . 45 Shot Car t r i dgesRA PD 89562A

77. GRADES,a,

Cur r ent gr ades of exi st i ng l ot s of smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on ar eest abl i shed by t he Chi ef of Or dnance i n accor dance wi t h accept anceand sur vei l l ance t est s, and ar e publ i shed i n WD SE 9- AMM4,Gr ade 3 i ndi cat es unser vi ceabl e ammuni t i on, whi ch wi l l not be i ssuedor used.

I t i .

Smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on whi ch has been gr aded " For Tr ai ni ngUse Onl y" wi l l not be used i n demonst r at i ons or on t r ai ni ng cour sesr equi r i ng t hi s ammuni t i on t o be f i r ed over t he heads of par t i ci pat i ngt r oops.

78, CARE AND PRECAUTI ONS I N HANDLI NG.a.

Smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on i s compar at i vel y saf e t o handl e. How-ever , car e must be t aken t o pr event ammuni t i on boxes f r ombecomi ngbr oken or damaged, Br oken boxes must be r epai r ed i mmedi at el y,and car ef ul at t ent i on gi ven t o t he t r ansf er of al l mar ki ngs t o t he newPar i s of t he box . Met al l i ner s shoul d be si r - t est ed and seal ed i fequi pment f ar t hi s wor k i s avai l abl e,

1j . Ammuni t i on boxes wi l l not be opened unt i l t he ammuni t i oni S r equi r ed f or use. Ammuni t i on 1vmoved f r om ai r t i ght cont ai ner s,par t i cul ar l y i n damp cl i mat es, may cor r ode and become unser vi ce-abl e. .

c. When car t r i dges ar e t aken f r om t hei r or i gi nal packi ng& f orl oadi ng i nt o cl i ps or machi ne gun bel t s, t he cl i ps or bel t s shoul d bet agged or mar ked so as t o pr eser ve t he ammuni t i on l ot number ,t her eby pr event i ng t he ammuni t i on f r om f al l i ng i nt o gr ade 3 t hr oughl oss of l ot number ( i dent i t y) ,

d. Ammuni t i on shoul d be car ef ul l y pr ot ect ed f r om mud, sand,di r t , and wat er .

I f i t get s wet or di r t y, i t shoul d be wi ped af t ' at once_

Par . 79

TM 9- 1900

Cl asses of Ar r ot r t ur ei f i an

ALL BRA55 NO. 00 BUCK 12- G&GE SHOTGUN SHELL. M19

PAPER #00 BUCKSHOT 12- GAG( SHOTGUN SHEI - L

PAPER

?- 1 . 2 CHI LLED SHOT 12- CAGE SHOTGUN SHELL

PJgvr e 37 - Shof gun Shef f s, T2- gage

PAPER #B CHI LLED SHOT AND TRACER 12- CAGE SHOTGUN SHELL

RA PD 230M

TM 9- 1400

Par s . 78- 90Cl asses of Ar nmur dbonr

I f l i ght cor r osi on or ver di gr i s f or ms on car t r i dges, i t shoul d be wi pedof f . However , car t r i dges shoul d not be pol i shed mer el y t o maket hem l ook br i ght er or bet t er ,

e.

Ammuni t i on shoul d not be exposed t o t he di r ect r ays of t hesun f or any consi der abl e l engt h of t i me.

Thi s i s l i kel y t o af f ect i t sf i r i ng qual i t i es.

f , The use of oi l or gr ease on car t r i dges i s danger ous and i spr ohi bi t ed,

g.

Car t r i dges t hat ar e dent ed, have l oose bul l et s, or ar e ot her wi sedef ect i ve shoul d not be f i r ed.

79.

PRECAUTI ONS I N FI RI NG.a. Because a mi sf i r e cannot i mmedi at el y be di st i ngui shed f r om

a hangf i r e. i t i s unsaf e t o open t he bol t of a r i f l e f or at l east 10 t o 15seconds af t er a mi sf i r e occur s. When t he r i f l e M1 f ai l s t o f i r e, i tshoul d be r ecocked by means of t he t r i gger guar d and r ef i ned bef or et he bol t i s opened. When t he r i f l e M1903 f ai l s t o f i r e, i t shoul d ber ecocked by dr ai ni ng back t he cooki ng pi ece and shoul d be r ef yr edbef or e t he bol t i s opened. The r i f l e U1917 cannot be r ecocked wi t h-out openi ng t he bol t , i n case of mi sf i r e, wai t a f ul l mi nut e bef or e t hebol t i s opened. When t he cal i ber . 30 car bi ne f ai l s t o f i r e, pul l t heoper at i ng sl i de t o t he r ear and r el ease t he Oper at i ng r od. I f t heoper at i ng sl i de goes f ul l y home, ai m and f i r e, To avoi d i nj ur y i ncase of hangf i r e, hol d t he hand so t hat no par t of t he pal mor wr i stcan be st r uck by t he oper at i ng sl i de i n i t s r api d r ear war d movement .

L.

Bef or e f i r i ng, be sur e t hat t he bor e of t he weapon i s f r ee of anyf or ei gn mat t er such as cl eani ng pat ches, mud, sand, snow, et c,

Fi r i nga weapon wi t h any obst r uct i on i n t he bor e wi l l r esul t i n damage t ot he weapon and may r esul t i n i nj ur y t o t he f i r er .

c . No smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on wi l l be f i r ed unt i l i t has beeni dent i f i ed posi t i vel y by ammuni t i on l ot number and gr ade, as pub-l i shed i n t he l at est r evi si on of WDSB 9- AMM4.

d .

For pr ecaut i ons i n f i r i ng bl ank ammuni t i on, see TM9- 1990,Any wr i ous mal f unct i on of ammuni t i on must be r epor t ed

pr ompt l y t o t he or dnance of f i cer under whose super vi si on t he ma-t er i al i s mai nt ai ned and i ssued. As pr ovi ded i n AR 750- 10, t heor dnance of f i cer wi l l r epor t such mal f unct i on t o t he Chi ef of Or d-nance, I t i s i mpor t ant , t her ef or e, t hat al l evi dence be pr eser ved.Thi s i ncl udes t he car t r i dge case, ot her car t r i dges f r om t he same box,t he weapon concer ned, and al l r ecover abl e pi eces- - - i n shor t , ever y-t hi ng t hat mi ght det er mi ne t he cause of t he mal f unct i on.

80.

PACKI NG ANDMARKI NG.a, Packi ng. Dependent an i t s i nt ended use, smal l - ar ms am-

muni t i on i s packed i n l i nk and web bel t s, cl i ps, or car t ons ( f i gs 3869

Par . 84Cl asses of Ammuni t i on

WAXED CONTAI NER OPENEDSHOWI NGCARTONS ANDCONTENTS

BOX WI TH COVERREMOVED SHOWI NGWAXED CONTAI NERS

TM9- 1900

Fi gur e 38 - Boxes Cont ai ni ng Car t onpacked Ammuni t i on} n Waxed Car r t ai nar s

79

RA PD 64466A

TM9- 1400

Par. soCl asaea of Ammur vf i on

Fi gur e 39- Saxes

Cont ai ni ng Car t onpacked Ammuni f i oni n MOWCans

71

PUT. 80Cl asses a! Ar nmur t i t i cm

TM9- 1900

RA PD97725

f i 9vr e 40- Boxes Coj r r ai ni ng 8- r ound Cf i pped Ammunf t i on i nBandol eer s i n Mef al Car t s

71

TM 9- 19QQC1as2, es of At nn i t t Ri on

8_110 . CLI PPED

CAL. , 30 LI NKED

CAL. XBELTED

5. RD, CLI PPED

Par . 90

CAL_ TD LI NKED

RA PD 151936

Fi gur e 41 - Packi ng Symbol s an Smal l - ar ms Ammuni t i on Boxes

sa412l 0 - 4s- e

7a

Par . 50

TM 9- 1400


RA PO 6T31UP

Fi gur e 4Z - Wi r e- bound Cr at e f or Four Ammuni t i on &axes, Cal . . 30, M1

R Pa i amge

Fi gur e 43 - Ammuni t i on Box, Cal . . 30, M1 ( St eel )

74

r M 9- ' t 9110

Par %. 811` 81Cl auses of Ammuni t i on

t hr ough 43) .

For exampl e, ammuni t i on i nt ended f or use i n t he r i f l eN1 I i s packed i n 8- r ound cl i ps,

For a det ai l ed descr i pt i on of packi ng,see ORB 11 SNL' s of t he T gr oup,

l o- Mar ki ng.( 1)

Smal l - ar ms packi ng boxes may be ei t her st ai ned br own wi t hmar ki ng i n yel l ow, or unst ai ned wi t h mar ki ng i n bl ack_ Mar ki ngsf or shi pment ar e cover ed i n chapt er 3, sect i on I V, and I n TM9- 1990.

( 2)

I nst ead of t he l ot number , a r epacked l ot number may best enci l ed on packi ng boxes cont ai ni ng web bel t s and met al l i c l i nkbel t s ; t he ser i al number of t he r epacked l ot number i s pr eceded byt he l et t er " l 3" f or bel t ed ammuni t i on, and " L" f or l i nked car t r i dges,

( 3) To pr ovi de a f ur t her means of qui ckl y i dent i f yi ng t ype ofpacki ng, st enci l ed f i gur e si l houet t es ar e used on boxes and cr at escont ai ni ng cl i pped, bel t ed, and l i nked car t r i dges. These symbol s i n-di cat e whet her t he ammuni t i on i s packed i n r i f l e cl i ps, web bel t s, orl i nked bel t s, The si l houet t es ar e ver t i cal f or cal i ber . 30 car t r i dges,and di agonal f or cal i ber . 50 car t r i dges ( f i g, 41) . The absence ofst an6l ed f i gur e si l houet t es on boxes i ndi cat es car t onpacked emr nuni -t i on ( f i gs. 38 and 39) .

( 4)

The expendabl e met al ammuni t i on boxes ar e pai nt ed ol i ve-dr ab wi t h mar ki ng i n yel l ow ( f i g, 43) ,

Sect i on I tGRENADES

81 . GFNERAL DESCRI " 10N.v .

1) ef i ni l i nn.

Gr enades ar e smal l expl osi ve or chemi cal mi ssi l esi nt ended f or use agai nst an enemy at r el at i vel y shor t r anges .

l i .

l i ani r. t ypes .

Ther e ar e t wo basi c t ypes of gr enades- - t hosei nt ended t o be t hr own by hand ( f i gs . 11 and 44) and t hose i nt endedt o be pr oj ect ed f r omr i f l es or car bi nes equi pped wi t h sui t abl e gr enadel auncher s ( f i gs . 12 and 45) . By at t achi ng a sui t abl e adapt er , someof t he hand gr enades may al so be f i r ed f r omr i f l es and car bi nes ( f i gs .46 and 47) , Hand gr enades pr ovi de t he sol di er wi t h an auxi l i ar yweapon, si mi l ar t o a shel l or bomb, t o suppl ement hi s basi c weapons .Ri f l e gr enades ar e val uabl e not onl y f ar speci al i zed use, such asagai nst t anks, but al so f or cover i ng t he r anges bet ween t he maxi mumf or hand gr enades and t he mi ni mumf or mor t ar shel l .

Speci al bl ankcar t r i dges ( f i g. 35) , packed wi t h t he r i f l e gr enades, must be used i nt he weapon f or pr oj ect i ng t hese gr enades,

c .

Gener al t ypes .

Bot h hand and r i f l e gr enades can be el assi f i . edi nt o t hr ee gener al t ypes, namel y . expl osi ve, chemi cal , and pr act i ceor t r ai ni ng.

7$

Por s . 81- 83

TM 9- 1900

Cl essea of Ammuni t i on

( 1) Expl ogi ve gr enades ar e used pr i mar i l y f or ant i per kXonoel( f r agment at i on or bl ast ) or ant i t ank ef f ect . They may al so be usedas demol i t i on agent s .

( 2) Chemi cal gr enades ar e used f or casual t y, har assi ng, i ncen-di ar y, scr eeni ng, and si gnal i ng pur poses, Some of t hem may al so beused f or t r ai ni ng pur poses and dest r uct i on,

( 3) Pr act i ce and t r ai ni ng gr enades ar e used i n t r ai ni ng t r oopsf or combat ,

d.

Mi zi ng. Gr enades t hr own by hand ar e nor mal l y f i t t ed wi t ha del ayact i on f uze.

For expl osi ve hand gr enades and t he chemi calM15 ( bur st i ng t ype) WPsmoke hand gr enade, t hi s del ay i s set f orappr oxi mat el y 4. 5 seconds. Bur ni ng- t ype chemi cal hand gr enadesuse a f uze wi t h a del ay of appr oxi mat el y 2 seconds. Ri f l e gr enadesar e usual l y f i t t ed wi t h a base f uze t hat f unct i ons on i mpact .

8: t .

j EXPLOSwEHANDGRENADES.a. Fr agni ent al i on t ype. The Mk 2 i s a t ypi cal f r agment at i on

hand gr enade ( f i g. 11 and A, f i g. 44) . Thi s gr enade i s made of casti r on var yi ng i n t hi ckness f r om 1/ 8 t o 1/ 4 i nch. The body i s l emon-shaped, appr oxi mat el y 21/ { i nches i n di amet er and 31/ z i nches i nl engt h wi t hout t he f uze.

I t cont ai ns an expl osi ve char ge whi ch, upondet onat i on, br eaks up t he body of t he gr enade and . f uze and pr oj ect st he f r agment s out war ds i n al l di r ect i ons at hi gh vel oci t y.

The bodyi s gr ooved bot h hor i zont al l y and ver t i cal l y. The f uze f or t hi s Sr et adehas a pr i mer . a combust i bl e t i me- del ay t r ai n, and a det onat or .

At -t ached t o t he f uze body i s a saf et y l ever hel d i , r s pl ace agai nst t heact i on of t he st r i ker spr i ng by means of a saf et y pi n. Just pr i or t ot hr owi ng, t he saf et y pi n i s r emoved. When t he gr enade s t hr own,t he saf et y l ever i s pushed of f by t he st r i ker , al l owi ng t he st r i ker t oi mpact agai nst t he pr i mer . The pr i mer i gni t es t he t i me- del ay t r ai nand, af t er 4 or 5 seconds, t hi s del ay t r ai n causes t he det onat or t oexpl ode.

Thi s, i n t ur n, causes t he expl osi ve f i l l er i n t he gr er i ade t odet onat e, t her eby f r agment i ng t he gr enade. Fr agment s may f l y over200 yar ds.

1) .

Of f endve t ype,

The of f ensi ve gr enade ( f i g. l l and C, f i g. 44)i s i nt ended t o have an ant i per sonnel ef f ect over a smal l ar ea. I tcont ai ns mor e expl osi ve t han t he f r agment at i on- t ype gr enade, appr ox-i mat el y 1/ 2 pound of pr essed TNT, sad, t her ef or e, i s mor e usef ul ase demol i t i on agent

No f r agment at i on ef f ect i s obt ai ned,

1t 3. CHEMI CAL HANDGRENADES.a.

Bur ni ng t ype. The st andar d cont ai ner f or t hi s t ype of gr e-nade ( f i g . I 1 and D, f i g. 44) i s a cyl i ndr i cal st eel can 23/ s i nches i ndi amet er and 43Ni nches hi gh.

The f uze f or t hese gr enades i s si mi l art o t he f uze used i n t he Mk 2 f r agment at i on gr enade, except t hat i t

76

TM9- 1900

FRAGMENTA?1

OFFE 51VE GRENAQEMK 3AZ UNFUXEO

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NGRENADE, MK 2 PRACTI CE GRENADE, M21B

CHEMI CAL GRENADE

Fi gur e 44 - Hand Gr enades - Cr oss 5sct i on

77

Par . 83

STRI k; ER1SAF! 1Y; LEVERaELAYFl .15EI GNI ' r ER

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Par . 83Ci assus of Af nmuni r i on

TM 9- 1' 400

has an i gni t er i nst ead of a det onat or , and has a shor t del ay t i me of2 seconds . Gr enades t ?f t hi s t ype have wat er pr oof , adhesi ve- t apecover ed, smoke emi ssi on hol es i n t he t op, si des, or bot t om. Thesegr enades ar e descr i bed br i ef l y as Fol l ows :

( 1) CN- D14I I RRI TANT HAND GRENADE. The pr oduct s of coi n-bust i on of t he f i l l er i n t hi s gr endde have a har as4i nd ef f ect . I t spr i nci pal use i s i n t he cont r ol of ci vi l di st ur bances . The bur ni ng t i mei s 20 t o 60 seconds. The f i l l er i s a composi t i on of t ear gas, vomi tgas, and smokel ess powder .

( 2)

CN TEAR HAND GRENADE.

Thi s gr enade i s i dent i cal wi t h t heGN- DMgr enade except t hat i t l bas a t ear gas f i l l er . Pr i nci pal usesar e i i i cont r ol of ci vi l di st ur bances, ai ul t r ai ni ng i n use Df t he gasmask.

( 3)

HCSMOKEGRENADE.

Thi s i s an Ar my- Navy st andar d whi t esmoke gr enade, used f or si gnal i ng and scr eeni ng pur poses.

The con-t ai ner i s st andar d except t hat t her e ar e no emi ssi on hol es i n t he si de.The bur ni ng t i me i s X t o 2i i i mi nut es,

( 4)

THI NCENDI ARY GRENADR,

Thi s i s an Ar i ny- Navy st andar dmuni t i on f or set t i ng t i r e t o enemy mat er i el ,

The cont ai ner i s st and-ar d except t hat t her e ar e no emi ssi on hol es i n t he si de. Cl amps ofst eel st r appi ng, whi ch f i t ar ound t he body of t he gr enade, may beused t o nai l t he gr enade agai nst an abj ect t o be bur ned.

The f i l l i ngi s t her mat e, whi ch bur ns at appr oxi mat el y 4, 330 F f or 30 t o 35seconds .

( $) COLORED st ai aKE GRENADE M1G. Thi s gr enade, used f orgr ound- Ri r and gr ound- gr ound si gnal i ng pur poses i s made i n t he f ol -l owi ng col or s : gr een, yel l ow, r ed, and vi ol et , I t i s of st andar d Con-st r uct i on and bur ns f or appr oxi mat el y 2 mi nut es,

( $)

CoLoxr v SMOKE GRENAD$ M1 S.

Thi s gr enade, avai l abl e i nr ed. gr een yel l ow. and vi ol et , i s al so used f or si gnal i ng pur poses . Thecont ai ner has emi ssi on hol es i n t he t op, and a si ngl e hol e at t hebot t om.

A t aper ed hol e ext ends t hr ough t he cent er of t he gr enadef r om t he bot t om emi ssi on hol e t o t he f uze. The st ar t er mi xt ur el i t r es t he t aper ed cavi t y,

The gr enade pr oduces a heavy smoke f orappr oxi mat el y 1 mi nut e.

( 7) REDSMOKE ¢RENADE AN- M3. Thi s gr enade i s an Ar my-Navy ai r f ar os of f i ci al di st r ess si gnal . I t i s t he st andar d met al gr e-nade except t hat t he f uze l ever i s shor t ened and t he body i s cover edwi t h a met al j acket t o whi ch ar e at t ached t hr ee met al st r i ps whi chmay be bent out f r omt he j acket t o keep t he gr enade f r om si nki ngi nt o snow or sof t gr ound.

Bur ni ng t i me i s 2 t o 2y mi nut es.I N

Bur st i ng t r l t v.

Ther e i s onl y one st andar d chemi cal gr enadeof t hi s t ype and i t i s known es t he WPsmoke gr enade MI S, Thi sgr enade has a dr awn- st eel cyl i ndr i cal body si mi l ar i n si ze t o t hebur ni ng- t ype chemi cal hand gr enades, and i s f i l l ed wi t h whi t e phos-

74

TM 9- 1900

Par . 83Cl asses of Ammupi f i on

7f

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Par s . 83- 87

TM 9- 1900


phor us . The det onat i ng f uze used i n t hi s gr enade causes i t t o spl i topen and pr oj ect bur ni ng par t i cl es of phosphor us over a r adi us ofabout 15 yar ds. Thi s pr oduces a dense whi t e smoke scr een and wi l lcause casual t i es by bur ni ng.

84.

PRACTI CEANDTRAI NI NGHANDGRENADES. Thi s t ypeof gr enade ( f i g. 11 and B, f i g. 44) i s used i n t r ai ni ng.

They may bei ner t ( t r ai ni ng) , or l oaded wi t h a char ge of bl ack powder cont ai nedi n a cl ot h t ube ( pr act i ce) . I n t hi s case t he char ge i s i nser t ed i nt ot he f i l l i ng hol e, whi ch i s cl osed wi t h a cor k.

85.

EXPLOSI VE RI FLE GRENADES. Ant i t ank t ype : A t ypi calant i t ank r i f l e gr enade, t he M9A1 ( f i g. 12) consi st s of a sheet - st eelbody, cone, and ogi ve assembl y t o whi ch i s at t ached a si mpl e base-det onat i ng f uze and a st abi l i zer and f i n assembl y. The bead of t hegr enade cont ai ns a 4- ounce cast - pent ol i t e, shaped char ge f or bl ast i nghol es i n t he t ar get .

At t he same t i me det onat i on of t he mai n char gecauses f r agment at i on of t he body i n a l at er al di r ect i on.

The gr enadei s i nt ended pr i mar i l y f or use agai nst ar mor ed vehi cl es. I t has beenf ound t o be most ef f ect i ve agai nst enemy per sonnel when i t i s f i r edat a hi gh angl e of el evat i on ( 45' ) .

86.

CHEMI CAL RI FLEGRENADES.a,

Bur ni ng t ype.

These gr enades consi st of a deep- dr awn, t hi n-wal l ed st eel body wi t h hemi spher i cal ogi ve and body uni on assembl yt o whi ch i s at t ached a si mpl e base/ f uze and a st abi l i zer and f i n assembl y ( B, f i g. 30) .

Thi s t ype of gr enade i s avai l abl e wi t h appr oxi -mat el y 103/ 4 ounces of HC whi t e smoke or 61/ 2 ounces of st andar dcol or ed smoke f i l l i ngs .

Bot h HCand col or ed smoke gr enades havef i ve seal ed smoke emi ssi on hol es i n t he body uni on. The col or edsmoke gr enades al so have a smoke emi ssi on hol e i n t he ogi ve. Bot hof t hese t ypes of chemi cal r i f l e gr enades commence bur ni ng uponi mpact , due t o t he act i on of t he base i ni t i at i ng t ype of f uze. TheHC gr enade i s i nt ended pr i mar i l y f or scr eeni ng pur poses and t hecol or ed sr noke gr enades f or si gnal i ng.

b.

Bur st i ng t ype.

Thi s gr enade i s t he count er par t of t he WPsmoke hand gr enade M15. The WP smoke r i f l e gr enade M19 ( A,f i g. 45) has a st abi l i zer and f i n assembl y i dent i cal t o t hat used i n t heant i t ank gr enade M9Al . I t cont ai ns appr oxi mat el y 8. 5 ounces ofwhi t e phosphor us and i s equi pped wi t h a bur st er act uat ed by a base-det onat i ng f uze. The spont aneousl y combust i bl e WPgr enade i s scat ..t er ed upon i mpact .

87.

PRACTI CEANDTRAI NI NGRI FLEGRENADE. Ther e i s atpr esent onl y one st andar d pr act i ce r i f l e gr enade, t he M11A3 ( f i g. 12 ) .Thi s gr enade i s used onl y i n t r ai ni ng and si mul at es t he f l i ght and

so

Par s . 87- 88

TM9- 1900

XXsS64 of Ar nmuni t i un

' - CL I P

" SET- BACK BAND

\ - SAFE7Y LEVER

RAPC, 54491

Fi guf e 47 - Chemi cal Gt enode Pr ot ect i on Adapt er M2

act i on of t he AT gr enade M9A1,

Br i ng compl et el y i ner t , t hi s gr e-nade i s pai nt ed bl ack : . For r epeat ed use, i t i s i ssued wi t h addi t i onalr epl acement f i ns and ogi vi K

$f i . f ; HH: NADE PROJECTI ON A11APTI - A( S.a.

The gr enade pr oj ect i on adapt er { f i g. 46) aswTY3Yat ed t o a f r ag-m. ni at i on hand gr enade h1k 2 per mi t s t hi s hand gr enade t o be usedas a r i f l e gr enade_ Af t er r emoval of t ho gr enade saf et y pi n bef or ef i r i ng, t he saf et y l over i s hel d i n posi t i on by t he ar mi ng cl i p .

Uponf i r i ng t he gr enade f r ont ) s l auncher - equi pped r i f l e or car bi ne, t he ar m-i ng cl i p f r ees i t sel f f r um t he ar mi ng cl i p r et ai ner , t her eby r el easi ngt he gr enade saf et y l ever and i ni t i at i ng t he 5- second haze. Gr enadecar t r i dges ar e packed i n each adapt er packi ng bas .

1r .

The chemi cal gr enade- pr oj ect i on adapt er ( f i g . 47) i s i nt endedf or use wi t h t he chemi cal hand gr enades.

I t consi st s of a st abi l i zert ube, whi ch has a base pl at e and a t hr ee- pr onged cl i p on one end andon t he ot her end, a st andar d f i n si mi l ar t o t hat on t he gr enade M9A1,and a met al set back band whi ch f i t s ar ound t he gr enade, over t hesaf et y l ever . Upon f i r i ng t he gr enade f r om a l auncher - equi pped r i f l eor car bi ne, t he set back band moves t o t he r ekr , t her eby r el easi ng t hegr enade saf et y l ever and i ni t i at i ng t he ?- second f use.

Gr enade car -t r i dges ar e packed i n each adapt er car t r i dge packi ng box .

92

XLSTAg1OZERASSEMBLY

Figure48-Typical

PackingofHand

Grenades

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Par . as

TM 9- 1900

Gl asses of Amnt uni di or ,

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Par s . 99- - 91

Cl asses of Amt nut vt i un

s! +, CARE AND PRECAUTI ONS I N HANDI AW.a. Cmr v . I nf or mat i on concer ni ng t he car er t o be exer ci sed i n

handl i ng gr enades wi l l be f ound i n chapt er 3 of t hi s manual andper t i nent Fi el d Manual s_

h.

Pr ecaut i ons . The f ol l owi ng addi t i onal vaf et y pr ecaut i ons f orhandl i ng ammuni t i on wi l l al so be obser ved :

( 1 )

Si nce f r agment s may be pr oj ect ed over 200 yar ds . f r agmen-t at i on gr enades wi l l not X used i n t r ai ni ng wi t hout adequat e cover .

( ' 2 ) The saf et y pi n wi l l be r emj wed j ust bef or e t hr owi ng orl aunchi ng and at no ot her t i me,

( 3) Occasi onal l y, chemi cal gr enades may f l ash. Hence, whenused i n maneuver s, t hey wi l l be so t hr own as t o f unct i on not l ess t han30 Feet f r om per sonnel _

( 4)

Duds wi l l be di sposed of i n accor dance wi t h t he pr ovi si ons i nchapt er 4.

( 5)

Ri f l e gr enades must never be l aunched wi t h a car t r i d4e ot hert han t he speci al gr enade car t r i dges pr ovi ded f or t hat pur pose,

( d) The f uze f ur ni shed wi t h t he gr enade Mk 2 i s r r oi sel m,smokel ess, and spar kl es. Under no condi t i on, t her ef or e, wi l l t het hr ower consi der t he gr enade a dud because no noi se, smoke, orspar ks ar e obser ved upon r el ease of t he saf et y l ever ,

90.

I DRN' 1' I FI CATI ON. Hi Ot - expl osi ve gr enml es ar e pai nt ed ol i ve.dr Xb wi t h yel l ow bands ar ound t he t op of t he gr enade body . Tr ai n-i ng hand gr enades ( i ner t ) ar e pai nt ed bl ack ; pr act i ce gr enades cont ai ni ng a si mul at ed char ge ar e pai nt ed bl ue.

Pr act i ce r i f l e gr enadesar e pai nt ed bl ack wi t h whi t e st enci l i ng. Chemi cal gr enades ar epr i nt ed bl ue- gr ay wi t h i dent i f i cat i on band and mar ki ng i n t he ap-pr opr i at e col or as i ndi cat ed i n chapt er 1, sect i on I I and i n f i gur es I Iand 12. The st abi l i zer assembl y of al l r i f l e gr enades i s pai nt edol i vedr ab .

91, PACKI NG.a.

Gr enades t i r e vsual l y packed as . f uzed compl et e r ounds, eachi n an i ndi vi dual f i ber cont ai ner ,

b. Fr agment at i on gr enades ar e packed 15 or 25 cont ai ner s perwooden box_

e. The of f ensi ve hand gr enades ar e packed 50 per wooden box( f i g . 48) , and t he t r ai ni ng gr enades Ar n packed 24 per box.

d. The st andar d packi ng f or r i f l e gr enades i s 10 cont ai ner s perbox ( f i g. 49) , wi t h a suppl y of car t r i dges f or l aunchi ng f r om anyappr opr i at e weapon. j ungl e packi ng i s wat er pr oof ed t o wi t hst andhot humi d cl i mat es,

r .

Gr enade- pr oj ect i on adapt er s or e PAcked 48 per box, wi t h suf f i -ci ent number of var i ous gr enade car t r i dges and posi t i oni ng cl i ps.

93

Por s . 92- 93

9?. DESCHI Pl 1( 1N.


Sect i on I I I

MORTAR AMMUNI TI ON

a. To obt ai n maxi mum accur acy and r ange, pr oj ect i l es f orsmoot h- bor e mor t ar s ar e st abi l i sed by means of f i ns assembl ed t o a; shaf t whi ch i s secur ed t o t he base end of t he pr oj ect i l e; when t he f i nsar e oi ni t t ed. t he pr oj ect i l e t er n( l , , t o t umbl e and be er r at i c i n f l i ght .

I F .

I n gener al , t he ammuni t i on has an adj ust abl e pr opel l i ng char ge,consi st i ng of a number cot pr ohel l ent i ncr ement s, usual l y seal ed i n i ndi -vi dual vel l ophane bags, and an i gni t i on car t r i dge, t o per mi t f i r i ng var i -ous r anges or zones of f i r e. The pr opel l i nt i ncr er nent s ar e at t ached t ot he t i n shaf t or wi t hi n t he f i n bl ades ; t he i gni t i on car t r i dge i s i nser t edi n base end of t he f i n shaf t .

c .

The pr i mer and i gni t i on car t r i dge ar e separ at e el ei nent s.

Thepr i mer i y scr ewed i nt o t he shaf t af t er t f he i gni t i on car t r i dge has beeni nser t ed The assembl y of t he i gni t i on car t r i dge and t he pr opel l enti ncr ement s r n) Ake L117 t he r equi r ed pr opel l i ng char ge . or t he i gni t i oncar t r i si ges al one may be used f or ver y 0- kor t r ange i n t he 60- mmmor t ar and vr i t h t he l i ght - wei ght r ound ( M43A1) i n t he 81- mmmor t ar .

I .

Because t he compl et e r ound ( r i gs_ 50 and 51) i s l oaded i nt ot he mor t ar as a uni t end pr ovi si on i s made f or adj ust i ng t he pr opel -l i ng char ge, ammuni t i on of t hi s t ype comes wi t hi n t he cl assi f i cat i onof ser ni f i xed ammuni t i on.

93. CL. i SSI V' I CATl l 1N.a.

Accor di ng t o t he pur pQ_w f pr whi ch i t i s i nt ended, mor t ar am-r nuni t i on i s cl assi f i ed as hi gh- expl osi ve, smoke, i l l umi nat i ng, pr act i ce,or t r ai ni ng .

h,

Hi gher xpl uni ve mor t ar sl t el l ar e used f or f r agment at i on ordemol i t i on ef f ect , accor di ng t o t he act i on of t he f uze and desi gn ofshel l .

r .

Smoke shel l cont ai n chemi cal f i l l er s .d.

I l l umi nat i ng shel l ar e i nt ended f or si gnal i ng and i l l umi nat i ngpur poses .

r .

Pr act i ce shel l may have a spot t i ng char ge or may be i ner t .f . Tr ai ni ng pr oj ect i l es ar e pr ovi ded f or t r ai ni ng and pr act i ce_

They ar e i ner t and may be f i r ed mor e t han once. Sever al pr opel l i ngchar ges an, l f sns ar e f i uppl i ed f or each pr oj ect i l e,

TM 9- 1900

TM 9- 1900


- OLI VF DRAB-( MARKI NG I N YELLOW)

HE SHELL, M49A2, W. ` PD FUZE, M52

PRACTI CE SHELL, l A50A2, WPD FUZE, MS2

WP SMOKE SHELL, M302, W: PD NZE, ME2

BLACK - ' MARKf NG I N WHJTEjTRAI NI NG SHELL, M69

i t

DRAB GRAY ; MARKJr 1G " I N YELLOW) - r r -

, X I Xt I V1=DRAB

GRAY ( MARKI NG 1N RI ACK)c

I LLI } MI NATI NGSI AELL r OA83A1, WTI ME FUZEr I Nf i a

RA PD 644185Fi gur e 50 - 60- mmMor t ar Ammuni t i on

- OLI VE DRAB ?wAAKWC WrE[ I VW;

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X. - BLACK f4i , ar r r r - JG m, WHU)

TRAFHI MG SHELL, M441

HE SHELL, M43A1, W. PD FUZE. M5Z

HE SNFLL, M56, W.. - ' PD FUZE, M53Af

HE SHELL. M56, W: TSQFUZE, M77

WPSMOKESHELL, AA57, W; PD FUZE, M52

f i gur e 51 - 8a-mmMor t ar Ammuni t i onso

RA PO 64+49A

I YhA+?ses oi l Ar i mmi ni f i oYl

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BORE- RI DI K' . 3 FI I J ; Pf l I Fdi 1

Fi gur e 52 - 60- mmMor t ar Shel l Bei ng Fi r ed; sr . , X o - sa - 5

19

Par . 93

C: r gRses of Ammuni t i on

90

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94. .

N11 ; THO1) ( ) N' PROJECTI ON.

The r ound i s dr opped i nt o t hemor t ar t ul , E: and upr i n r eachi ng t he bot t omof t he mor t ar , t he r ound' spr i mer i mpi nges upon t he f i r i ng pi n of t he mor t ar .

Thi s i mpact set sof f t he i gni t i on car t r i dge and pr opel l i ng char ge, and t he ggs pr oducedf or ces t he r ound f r omt he mor t ar ( f i g . s2) . The br , ur r el et , or gas-check band, pr event s pr act i cal l y al l t he gas f r om escapi ng past t heshel l , and pr ovi des 2 hear i ng, sur f ace f or t he r ound i n i t s t r avelt hr ough t he bor ( , - ,

A bar n- r i di ng pi n i n t he f uze of t he shel l pr event st he f uze f r om bet : oi ni ng ar med unt i l af t er i t l eaves t he bor e of t heweapon,

95 . VRFCAI TI ONX I N HAN1) LI Nh,a.

Compl et e r ounds : par t i cul ar l y r ounds wi t h f uzes, wi l l be handl ed wi t h car e at al l t i mes,

Expl c, si ve el ement s i n f uses and pr i nt er sar e par t i cul ar l y sensi t i ve V) shack and hi gh ' t emper at ur e.

b.

Do out br eak t h4 moi st ur e- r esi st ant seal on t he f i ber cont ai nerunt i l ammuni t i on i s t o be used.

e. The saf et y wi r e wi l l be wi t hdr awn f r om t he f uze onl y j ustbef or e f i r i ng and at no ot her t i me- Be cer t ai n t he Wr e- r i di ng pi n i si n pl ace i n t he f uze at t he t i me t he shel l i s ( Anapped i n t he mor t ar .

d. When l oadi ng muzzl e- f ed mor t ar s, t he r ound i s i nser t ed i nt ot he mor t ar . Car t r i dge end f i r st . When t he shel l i s r el eased t o sl i dedown t he bar r al , t he hands shoul d be pr ompt l y r emoved f r om t hemuzzl e.

e. Duds shoul d not be handl ed or moved. Eecausc- t hei r f uxeear e ar med, t hey shoul d be dest r oyed i n pl ace as descr i bed i nchapt er 4 of t hi s manual .

96.

PACKI NG ANI ) MARKI NG.a,

Packi ng.

Except t r ai ni ng ammuni t i on, whi ch may be r equi si -t i oned by compot t ent 3, mor t ar ammuni t i on i n t he st t i al l er cal i ber s i spacked as assembl ed Ca7mpl et e r ounds . Each r ound i s packed i n ani ndi vi dual f i ber cont ai ner , and t hen i n sui t abl e out er packi ng.

I n t hecase of 60- mm and S1- mmmor t ar ammuni t i on, cl over - l eaf bundl es,wooden box, or met al cont ai ner s have been i n use.

The met al con-t ai ner ( f i gs . 53 and 54) i s now t he st andar d packi ng f or t hi s ammuni -t i on, but i s r eser ved f or shi pment t o cer t ai n t heat er s,

h,

r Aar ki ng. I n addi t i on t o t he pai nt i ng whi ch i dent i f i es t heammuni t i on as t o t ype, t he f ol l owi ng i nf or mat i on i s st enci l ed ot r t hepr oj ect i l es :

Cal i ber and t ype of mor t ari n whi ch f i r ed

Ki nd of f i l l erModel of shel lAnununi t l on l ot number

92

TM 9- 1904

PbY_ 47Gl asses of Ammuni t i on

9" . GENERAL,

Sect i on I V

ARTI LLERY AMMUNI TI ON

x .

Gaupl et e r ound .

The t er m " ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on" r ef er s t r yammuni t i on, except r ocket s, n- kar t ar ammuni t i on, and shat f t ur t shel l s .used i n weapo+t i s havi ng; A bor e di amet er of mor e t han 0. 60 i nch. Acompl et e r ound of : ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on compr i ses al l of t he com-ponent s necessar y t o f i r e u weapon once and t o cause t he pr oj ect i l et o f unct i on at t he desi r ed t i me and pl ace ( bl ank and dr i l l r oundsexcept ed) ,

These component s i r e, i n gener al , t he pr oj ect i l e, t he f uze,t he pr opel l i ng char ge, and t he pr i mer , Dependeat upon bot h t het ype of pr opel l i ng char ge and t he met hod of l oadi ng 4%t ) t hL' weapon,f, ur npl et e r ounds of ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on ar e known as f i xed, semi -f i xed, or separ at e- l oadi ng ( f i g. 55) .

l r .

Cu1npanent s of n Coui pl et e r ound.( 1) PROJECi ' I LE. The pr oj ect i l e i ; -. : vj " f ed f r om a v. r eapon by

t he gas pr os:. i ur e devel oped by t he bur ni ng pr opel l i ng char ge. Ot hert er ms used i n speci f i c nomencl at ur e of cer t ai n i t er ns i n pl ace of" pr oj ect i l e, " ar c- " ghel l " and shot . "

( " )

Fu2E.

A f uze i s a mechani cal r l cvi ee asseml >l ed t o a pr o-j ect i l e t v CAUSe i t t o [ U13C( UJr l at t he t i me ant i under t he ci r cumst ancesdesi r ed .

( 3) PROPELLI NG CHARGE. The pr opel l i ng char ge consi st s of achar ge of smokel ess powder i n a car t r i dge case, cl ot h bag, or bot h.

(. 4)

PRI ME?, A, pr i mer i s used t o i ni t i at e t he i gni t i on of a pr opel -l i ng char ge. I t canSi st s essent i al l y of A sr naI I quant i t y of sensi t i veexpl osi ve and a char ge of bl ack powder .

c,

Fi xed ai nmuui t i un .

Compl et e r ounds i n whi ch t he pr opel l i ngchar ge i s f i xed, t hat i s, not adj ust abl e, and whi ch ar e l oaded i nt o aWeapon i l l one oper at i on, ar e known as " f i xed" ammuni t i on, Asusual l y desi gned, t he pr opel l i ng char ge i s l oose i n a car t r i dge casewhi ch i s cr i mped r i gi dl y t o t he pr oj ect i l e,

The pr i mer i s f i t t ed i nt ot he baae of t he car t r i dge case. For cer t ai n cal i per s, r ounds of f i xedammuni t i on ar e t er med cur t r i dJes_

i i .

Senni f i xed ammuni t i on,

Thi s t ype of r ound i s char act er i sedby t he l oose f i t of t he car t r i dge f al se aver t he pr oj ect i l e so t hat t hepr opel l i ng char ge may he accessi bl e f or adj ust ment f or zone f i r i ng,Li ke f i xed ammuni t i on, i t i s l oaded i nt o t he weapon i n one oper at i on .I n t he usual desi gn of t hi s t ype of ammuni t i on, t he pr opel l i ng char gei s di vi ded i nt o r eot i onc, each consi st i ng of pr opel l ent powder i r i a bag.To adj ust t he pr opel l i ng cher gF, t he pr oj ect i l e i s l i f t ed f r omt he car -t r i dge case, t he sect i ons of i ncr ement s not r equi t ed ar e r emoved, and

93

Par , 97

TM 9- 1900

Gl nnncs of Amr r r ut t i t i ot 2

, A- Ft , ,ZEE- BOOSTER£- FUZE' , ' , ' ELL LI NERD- ; HELLE- CGI VEF- daJf t f i =LETG- BUR. i TW, C} 1AI { 3EH - RJTA' I ' JL WAD1- CRI MPJ

EP, S°_ C{ JvERK- CARTRI D; E CASEL - PROPLLLI I 4C. CHAR EM- PRWERH

LI Fr t r q ; ; PLUGD- GROW, LJETP- COTTER. P1 N %I VI TH PU- L

I NZ3Q- KI Nf f ER

7

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SEPARATE- LOADI NG Ai u, 1UNmON

f i gur o 55 - - Types of Compl et e Rounds of dr t i l Jsr y Ammuni t i on44

RAPO80671AII

TM 9- 1904

Par t . 97- 99

t he pr oj ect i l e i s r eassembl ed t o t he car t r i dge cash,

As i n f i xed ar n.r nuni t i ( Fn, t he pr i mer i s assembl ed i n t he base of t he car t r i dge case.The 1( ) 5- mm howi t zer HEAT r our - Lcl i 4 a speci al t ype i n t hat t hec: 7har ge i s f i r ed, t hat i s, not adj ust abl e; t he car t r i dge cwSe and pr oj ec-t i l e ar e not cr i mped t oget her i n t hi s i nst anco be4Huse of t he met hodof packi ng.

e,

SepKr al v- l oad i ng ammuni t i on.

COMpi et e r ounds i n whi cht he sepCr ot e cumpr j nent s- f uzed pr { - i j ect i l e, pr opel l i ng char ge, andpr i mer - ar e l oaded i nt o t he %Ver spr t n separ at el y ar e known as " r ep.ar et e- l oadi ng" er ci r r i uvi t i ci n,

Al t hough t he pr opXel l i ng char ge may bei n anV F, ecl j COr l , i t i s usual l y dj Er i de : J i 2l i f l sect i ons wi t h each sect i ona Xeml Xl ed i n a bag.

I n t he case ( I f " separ at ed" ammuni t i on ( f i gs, 5and 5r } ) , t he pr opel l i ng char ge i s cont ai ned i n a car t r i dge case, butt he pr oj ect i l e { ` Hr nr r ot be f i t t ed i nt o t he car t r i dge case r i nd i s l oadedi nt o t he weapon separ at el y,

98.

I : LASSI FI CATI ON.a. Ar t i l l er y ai i t muni t i on i ! ; cassi f i ed accor di ng t o use as ser vi ce,

pr act i ce, bl ank, or dr i l l . I t i s cl assi f i ed accor di ng t o t ype of f i l l er asexpl ( ) ai ve, chemi cal , or i ner t .

I i .

Ser vi ce ai wvuni t i un i s f i r ed f or ef f ect i n Combat . I t may behi gh- expl osi ve, hi gh- expl osi ve- ant i t ank, ar mor - pi er ci ng or ar mor -pi er ci ng " capped ( wi t h or %,Ml i out expl osi ve f i l l er ) , I Dw- axpl osi ve

shr apnel ) , chemi cal ( gr i n or smoke) , i l l umi nat i ng, or i ner t f cani st er ) ,U.

Pr act i ce ammuni t i on i s pr ovi ded f ur t r ai ni ng i n mar ksmanshi p,The Pr oj ect i l e uce( l r Yl ay be i ner t or may have H spot t i ng Char ge ofbl ack powder .

I L Bl ank 4mct t uni t i ot l i s pr ovi ded i n smal l snr l medi um cal i ber sf or sbl ut i ng pur pr ases and si mul at ed f i r c, .

I t has nb pr oj ect i l e.e.

Dr i l l of dummy :. ammuni t i on i s pr ovi ded f or pr act i ce i n l oadi ngand handl i ng ( " ser vi ce of t he pi ece" ) . I t i s compl et el y i ner l ,

99. I DENTI FI CATI ON.

Cr f l sses of Ammuni t i on

: v .

I n common wi t h ot her hypes, ar t i l l er y an] enuni t Wr l i s i dent i f i edby pai nt i ng sod mar ki ng. For t he basi c col or scheme, see chapt er 1.sect i on I I , The mar ki ng on t he pr oj ect i l e ( f i gs_ 2, 3, 57, end 58)i ncl udes

( 1)

Ami nuni t i on I dent i f i cat i on Code ( AI C) symbol - - , n sepa-r at e- l oadi ng shel l .

( 2)

Cal i ber and t ype of weapon i n whi ch f i r ed ( ' 15 H, " " 155 G, "et c, ) .

( 3)

Ki nd of f i l l er ( " TNT., " ` WP SMOKE, " et c . ) ,( 4) Type and model of pr oj ect i l e { " SHELL, M60, " " PROJ .

APC- T, M61AI , " et c. ) ,

Cj a55B5 Rf AT7i f 1Tl Xn7Xt Gn

94

TM4- 19 O

TM 4- 1' 9M

Pam' i 9- 144

Cl asses of Amr nuni l i or r

( 5)

Wei ght - zone mar ki ng ( cr osses on 75- mmshel l and squar esvn l ar ger - cal i ber shel l ; gquar es on separ at e- l oadi ng shel l have pr i ckpunches i n t hei r cent er s) or wei ght i n pounds .

( 6)

Ammuni t i on l ot number of f i l l ed pr oj ect i l e and i n some casesl oader ' s i ni t i al s.

h.

Si mi l ar i nf or mat i on i s mar ked on ot her component s . Fur t heri nf or mat i on i s gi ven i n per t i nent Techni cal Manual s and Fi el dManual s.

r , Mar ki ngs ar e st enci l ed on car t r i dge cases of 75- mm, 76- mud,and 3- i nch ammuni t i on t o i zi di cat e t he t ype of pr opel l i ng char ge.These mar ki ngs ar e i l l ust r at ed i n f i gur e 4 f or 75- r um gun r ounds.

J .

An except i on t o t l t i e basi c col or scheme i s t he case of Mmmammuni t i on; t he hi gh- expl osi ve- i ncendi ar y pr oj ect i l e has a r eef bodyand yel l ow ogi ve. Some t ar get - pr act i ce pr oj ect i l es of l ar ger cal i berar e pai nt ed bl ack ; when r epl acement or r epai nt i ng i s r equi r ed, t heywi l l be pai nt ed bl ue i n accor dance wi t h basi c col or scheme.

! ( l ( 1, Yf l Cl ) El TI LES.a .

{ : mi ner al .

Wi t h a f ew except i ons, ar t i l l er y pr oj ect i l es ar e oft he same gener al shape, t hat i s, t hey have a cyl i ndr i cal body, sol i dor hol l ow, and an cgi val head. ( Cani st er and base- i gni t i on smokeshel l have bl unt heads. )

The pr oj ect i l es var y i n l engt h f r om a t o6 cal i ber s. The pr i nci pal char act er i st i c di f f er ences ar e :

( 1)

Locat i on of f uzes- - - poi nt or base.( 2) Radi us of ogi ve snal l er f or l ow- vel oci t y, l ar ger f or hi gh.

vel oci t y pr oj ect i l es.( 3) Rot at i ng band- nar r ow f or l ow- vel oci t y, wi de f or hi gh-

vel oci t y pr oj ect i l es.( 4) Base t aper ed ( " boat - t ai l ed" ) or cyl i ndr i cal ( " squar e" }

base.( 5)

Ar mor - pi er ci ng cap- - - used onl y wi t h ar mor - pi er ci ng pr oj ec-t i l es .

( 6)

Wi ndshi el d ( bal l i st i c cap or f al se ogi ve) - when r equi r ed f ori mpr oved bal l i st i cs .

( 7) Fi l l er - - - hi gh expl osi ve,par achut e assembl y, or ot her s,

gasp smoke, i l l umi nant candl e and

b. Component b.{ 1)

OGr vE AND WI NDSHI ELD.

The cur ved por t i on of t he pr oj ec-t i l e f r omt he bour r el et t o t he poi nt i s cal l ed t he ogi ve. The r adi usof t he ogi ve i s somet i mes expr essed i n cal i ber s, t he cal i ber bei ng t hedi amet er of t he bor e of t he gun,

The r adi us of t he ogi ve i nf l uencest he f l i ght of t he pr oj ect i l e and i n pr esent desi gns gener al l y var i esf r om6 t o kf _ cal i ber s.

Si nce ar mor - pi er ci ng pr oj ect i l es have a shor t17

Par _ 100

0Ame6 of Ar r r r nuni t i or l

A-WEI GHT ZphI E MARK?NGB- WEI GHT To NEAREST LB.C-CALI BERAND TYPE OF WEAPj WD- - KI NDOF FI LLERE - - . LOT NUMBER OF LOADED ' - , HELLF- A. I . C. SYMBULG- TYPEAND MCI OEL OF SHELL

A.I . C. SYMSPI EDAIAPPEARS ONt EVERSE SI D

TM 4. 19oo

RA PD d5199B

FJgur e 57 - Mar ki ng of Separ at e- f ocdi ng Sl hef f - As Shi pped

9+!

TM 9- 190D

Par . 100

Ci assf - s of . ar naur ni t i on

A- ONE YELLC1` 6` EI t i Nb I NDI CATESSMOKE

S- T1vOGREEN BANDS I NDI CATEPERSI STENT GAS

WEI GHT ZONE MARKI NG

CyLI BER ANDTYPE OF CANNON

LOT NUMBER_X

RA PD 65200A

f r gur o S8- Mot ki ny of Separ at e- i oudi n9 Shot ) - As Shi pped ( Cont i r t ued)

94

Par . 140

TM 9- 1904

Gasses of Ammuni t i on

HI GH. EXPLOSI VE SHELL

I FUZE ANDi SCOSTER

C6I %i E r ' , NUUNI ON 8, SSE1APL' r

Bt ) R5nk CASI NGS

RVf t yTEK CHARGE

HI GH- EXPLOSI VE- AHTSTAHKSHELL

BI JRSTM. TYPE CHEMI CAL S ELL

BLACK PDWDf R EXPELLI NG CHARGEBASE- FJECT14N SMOKE SHELL

SPACI NG DI SC

PELLET CHARGE

' SMOKE MI XTUREBA5E, J, CzH17i 0N SMOKE SHELL

100

RA PD 97762

Fi gwe 59- t ypi cal Hi gh- expl osi ve, Hi gh- expl osi ve- ant i t uA, andchemf i cpl Pi oj ecl i l es

TM 9- 1900

Par _ 1Gt ?Cl asses of Ammuni t i on

r adi us of ogi ve f or pur px) ses of penet r at i on, a wi ndshi el d, pf t en cal l eda bal l i st i c cap or f al se ogi ve, i s pl aced over t he ar mor - pi er ci ng headt o i mpr ove t he bal l i st i c qual i t i es,

( 3)

BOURRELET, The hour r el et i s t he accur at el y machi ned sur -f ace, of sl i ght l y l ar ger di amet er t hen t he body, whi ch bear s on t hel ends of t he bor e of t he weapon.

I t Cent er s t he pr oj ect i l e i n i t s t r avelt hr ough t he bor e. Gener al l y, i t i s at t he f or war d end of t he body,but i t may ext end f r om t t t e ogi ve t o t he boat - t ai l ed base. Somepr oj ect i l es of Wl e cal i ber have a f r ont and r ear bour r el et ,

( 3)

BODY_ Whi l e appl i cabl e t o t he ent i r e pr oj ect i l e, t he t er m" body" i s used t o desi gnat e t he cyl i ndr i cal por t i on of t he pr oj ect i l ebet ween t he bour r el et and t he r ot at i ng band.

I t i s machi ned t o asmal l er di amet er t han t he bour r el et t o r educe t he sur f ace i n cont actwi t h t he l ands of t he bor e. Onl y t he bour r el et and r ot at i ng bandb,&at Lm t he l ands,

( 4)

ROTATI NG BAND. The r ot at i ng band i s a cyl i ndr i cal r i ng ofTopper or gi l di ng met al , pr essed i nt o a knur l ed or r oughened gr o<wenear t he base of t he pr oj ect i l e,

' [ t af f or ds a snug seat f or t he pr oj ec-t i l e i n t he f or ci ng; come of t he weapon and cent er s t he base i n t hebor e. As t he pr oj ect i l e moves f or war d, t he sof t r ot at i ng band i sengr aved by t he l ands of t he bor e.

Because of compr essi on of t heband. excessi ve met al Mows t owar d t he r ear . Thi s f l ow of met al i st aken up by gr ooves cut i n t he r ot at i ng band, Si nce t he r i f l i ng oft he weapon i s hel i cal , t he engr avi ng of t he band i mpar t s r ot at i on t ot he movi ng pr oj ect i l e. The r ot at i ng band al so pr event s t he escapeof t he pr opel l ent gases f or war d of t he pr oj ect i l e by compl et el y f i l l i nft he gr ooves cf t he r i f t i ng_

( 5)

TYPE OF BASE,

When t he sur f ace t o t he r ear of t he r ot at i ngband i s t aper ed or coni cal . i t i s known as " boat - t ai l ed" , when cyl i n-dr i cal , t he pr oj ect i l e i s descr i bed as havi ng a " squar e base, "

( 6)

13A$E PLUG, To f eci l i t st e r nanki f act ur e, ar mor - pi er ci ng pr o-j ect i l es ar e cl osed at t he base wi t h a heavy st eel pl ug, I n t he l amercal i ber s, t he base pl ug adapt er al so pr avi de: X a, seat f or t he base pl ugaf l ( l r aze. I n t he smal l er cal i ber s, i f an expl osi ve char ge i s l oaded i nt he cavi t y of t he pr oj ect i l e. t he base pl ug i s r epl aced by a base f uze.I f no expl osi ve i 4 pr esent i n t he smal l er cal i ber pr oj ect i l e, t he basepl ug cont ai ns t he t r acer el ement ,

( ?) BASE Gt ) vkx . The 20- mm pr oj ect i l es end pr oj ect i l es of75- mr n or I Ar ger cal i ber cont ai ni ng hi gh expl osi ve, ar e pr ovi ded wi t ha base cover t o pr event t he hot gases of t he pr opel l i ng char ge f r omcor ni ng i nt o cont act wi t h t he expl osi ve f i l t er of t he pr oj ect i l e t hr oughj oi nt s or possi bl e f l aws i n t he met al of t he base. The base coverconsi st s of a t hi n met al di sc whi ch may be t al ked, cr i mped, or wel dedt o t he base of t he shel l . Smal l - cal i ber and medi umcal i ber ar mor -pi er ci ng pr oj ect i l es wi t h hi gh- expl osi ve f i l l er and base f uzes ar e notor di nar i l y pr ovi ded wi t h base cover s,

Par . 100

TM 9- 1900CI a, 5 . w. S of Ammuni t i on

XA. r r _=_ PLATELSLI I t r . +wC' t X: : - i ARGF

j i Fl F. 51 '; - _EVE; C_: , =RE: ?ONI UCXNTF; W, RE

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NANT~

.. Mi " . HARGE

SPL 1' W: ' t SHER- svi . ' d=1 . F I 1.

t ; Xr sPRCSXI ON PP, L`X11i OU"D PLATESI VI VEL FI N NUJ

DEMENT WHI LECENTER WI RE15 ATTACHEDTO I LLUMI NANT

f i gur e b0 - Typi r af f f f umi ear i ng Pr ol ecf i f e

102

RA PD 97760

E; . . - ' , SE S

TLx5r r i i ZE A. r au . l . f: X' , , . F:

11

1 y' FI _1- I ' dE CFI - RXaE

TRACER / 00 , , r } TLNGSTEN CARBI DE CORE

Cl assesoi Ai vmUr zi t i un

VAPTI ` CA/ ' I Ty'

A- ARMO, y R- PI ERCI NG- CAPPf D PROJECTI LE, WI TH EXPLOSJVE FI LLERB- ARMOR- PI ERCI NG- CAPPED PROJECTI LE, EMPTYC- ARMOR- PI ERCI NGSHOTD- HI GH- VELOCr TY ARMOR- PI ERCI PJG ; HOTE- CANI STER

RA PD p776. 3

Fi gur e 61 - - Typi cal Ar mor . pi er t ; ng and CQni sr ar Pr oj ect i l es

P

I

Par . 100

TM 9- 1900

Cl asses of Ar nmuni t i on

pl r J SCREWBASE

BLLLE' JI LLE SPRI NTyCASTLE NUT

COTTER PI N

- . 31. 07 MAX.

-

BRONZE- UNPAI NTED- - -

8- TYPI CAL SEMI FI XED DRI LL CARTKI PGE

SPRI NG 1, 801EXTP, ACTOR RECESS

22- 51 SAX. - . -

C- r YPI CAL SEPARATE- LOADI NG DUMMY ROJECTI LE

- - - - 22. 0 MAX. 21 . MI N-

-

P- TY I CAL SEPARATE - LOAD[ Pi G DUMMY PBOPELUNG CHARGE

Fi gur e 62- Dr i Uand Dummy Ammu' r i f 10n

19t

RA PD 090SA

7M 9- 1900

Par . 100Cl asses cal Ammuni t i on

( 8) TRACER, For ol ) sr ' r vX*t i on of f i r e, some pr oj ect i l es er eequi pped wi t h a t r k4Kr el ement i n t he hose of t he pr oj ect i l e- I n mostsmal l er - cal i l - xr ant i ai r cr af t shel l , t he ' t r ocnr i s used t o i gni t e t he f i l l erand dest r oy t he shel l shoul d 4 mi ss t he t ar get - Such a t r acer i s cal l ed" shel l - dest r oyi ng ( SD) , `

e, TypeB of pr oj cd- l i l em.( 1) HI GH- EXPLC1S1VE ( HE) 9KELL, Thi s pr al ect i l e ( f i g. 59) ,

n-i adv of coonr ncm f or ged st eel , 1 -t as mr npar at i vel y t hi n vl al i s and al ar ge bur st i ng char ge of hi gh expl osi ve. I t i s used agai nst per sonneland mat er i al t ar get s, pr oduci ng bl ast and/ or mi ni ng ef f ect and I ' r ag-ment at i on at t he t ar get . I t may t : a f i t t ed wi t h ei t her a t i me or i mpactf i ne, 013 a concr et e- pi er ci ng f i ne, accor di ng t o t ype of act i on desi r ed.

( 2)

Hi c; H- Y_xP1- 0R1VE- ANTI TANK ( HE, AT) SHELi -

Thi s i s a spe-ci al t ype of shel l ( f i g- 59) cont ai ni ng a hi gh- expl osi ve char ge f or useagai nst ar mor pl at e. I t s ef f ect i s dependent upon t he t ype andshape of t he char ge, I t has a coni cal wi ndshi el d whi ch pr ovi desst at edof f f ar t he char ge, and a byse- det onat i ng f uze havi ng nnndel ayact i on,

( 3)

CHEMI CAL 9HELL. Ther e ar e t hr ee genecul t ypes of chemi -cal shel l ( f i g- 59) : bur st er , base- ej ect i on ( $E) , and base- i gni t i on( , BI ) .

( a)

Bur st er , The bur st er t ype i y &i mi l ar t o hi gh- expl osi ve shel l ,except f or t he t ype of f i l l i l r Ar i d t he absence of x base cover . Aneacpi csi ve char ge, t er med a bur st er , and l ocat ed cent r al l y- i n t he shel l ,i s used t o br eak t he shel l body and ai d i n di sper si on of t he chemi calf i l l er .

( b) Base- ej ect i on ( BE) . Ease- ej ect i on shel l whi ch ar e set t of unct i on i n f l i ght do not have x bur st er , but hove an expel l i ng char geof bl ack powder , adj ncet i t t o t he t i me f uze. Thi s expel l i ng char ge,when i gni t ed by t he f uze, i gni t es t he smoke mi xt ur e of t he cani st er s,st r i ps t he t hr eads of t he base pl ug, and f or ces t he cani st er s f r omt hebase of t he shel l .

( c) Base- i gr t i t i or X ( BI X, Base- i gni t i on ( base- emi ssi on) smokeshel l have no bumt er or expel l i ng, char ge. The smoke mi xt ur e i si gni t ed t oy t he pr opel l i ng char ge t hr ough a hol e hi t he base of t hepr oj ect i l e. Shel l of ear l y manuf act ur e have a l ow- mel t i ng- poi ntf usi bl e met al pl ug i n t he base hol e, whi l e shel l of l at er manuf act ur ehave del ay pel l et s of bl ack powder . The act i on of t he del ay pel l etpr event s di scl osur e of t he gt l n posi t i an by t he smoke,

( 4)

I LLUMI NAT646 sHuLL. These shel l ( f i g. 6f } ) cont ai n a par a-chut e and ar t i l l umi nant assembl y whi ch ar e ej ect ed by an expel l i ngchar ge adj acent t o t he t i me f uze i n a manner si r ni l ar t o base- ej ect i onsmoke shel l - The i l l umi nant suspended by t he par achut e bur ns,l i ght i ng up a t ar get ar ea.7761810- I n- r i

105

Par . 100

T141 9- 1900


( 5) AR1v1OR- PI ERCI NG PROJECTI LE ( AP oR APE. ) .Ar mor - pi er ei ng pr oj ewt i l es ( f i g- 61) ar e made of t i oat - t r eat ed

hi gh ar br - , n yl l ( sy st eel _ Thi s l «Hd i s vcf ; y har d f ur penet r at i on ofar mor qr Ld t he body i s t ough t o +. vi t hst and t he st r ai ns i mpoLwd byi mpact and t he t Wi St ] ng a[ - t i uct of t he gr oj ect i l u at angl es Of i n -I pi cta} ) I I Cl ue t o ci r Mal . A wi ndshi el dl i s gc! nc! r al l y se- our ed t o t he ar r r i or -pi er ci i i g cap or t he head of t he pr j ) j L" ct i l e t q gi ve i ml >r oX' ed bal l i st i cs.A t r acer may he pr esent i n t he base pl ug or i t i t he base end of t hef uze.

( h) Ar mor - pi er ci ng pr oj eCl i l es bUVi n& no 1Li gh- expl osi ve f i l l ermHy be sol i d ur may have a sr nr - 4411 cavi t y i n t he body_ When t hecavi t y i s f i l l ed wi t h expl osi ve D, t he pr oj ect i l e, ar e f i t t ed wi t h adet ongt i ng f uze havi ng a del ay act i on.

( c .)

' r hu t er m " ani i cr - pi yr ci ng- capped" ( API =: ) r ef er s t o a shot orH I Jr oj ect i l y wi t h an or at or - pi er ci ng cap f or use especi al l y i n penet r ati ng f ace- har dened ar mor pl at e .

The cap i s of f or ged al l oy st eel , heat -t r eat e. d t o have a har d f r t " and a r el at i vel y waf t cor e. On i mpact ,t he har dened f ace of t he cap dest r oys t he har dened sur f ace of t hear mor - pl at e, whi l e t he sof t er cur e of t he cap pr ot ect s t he har denedpoi nt of t he pr oj ect i l e by di st r i but i ng t he i mpact st r esses over a l ar geur ea of t he head,

( t a)

T-I I UH- VELOCI TY ARMOR- PI ERCI NG ' FHOT ( HVAP) . Thi s shat( f i g- 61) i s a hi ghvel oci t y, l i ght - wei ght pr oj ect i l e havi ng a ver y har dar mor - pi er ci ng cor e of t ungst en car bi de. The t ungst en car l _, i de cor e.a st eel br i sew cont ai ni r i d H t r acer el er nent , an t. l umi num bodY and nosepl ug, and i n al umi numwi ndshi el d cumpr i se t 11e HVAP- T shot _

( 7) CANI STER. Cani st er ( f i g . 61) consi st i ng of a l i ght met alcase. f t l l od +vi t h st eel bal l s i n a mat r i x, col i t ai ns no expl osi ves,

I t i shi er l poi nt - bl o>>k f or ef f ect ggei nst pe3' sonnel .

The case br eaks uponh?HVi ng t he TDuxsl e of t I LP. cannon, And t he bal l s scat t er i n t he mannerof a shot gun shel l .

( 8)

SHRAPJVL_L.

Shr apnel ar e poi nt - f uzed pr oj ect i l es wi t h a COM-bi »at i on t i me and super qui ck f uze or a t i me f ue. e, An expel l i ngchar ge of Y) l ack powdt ' r i s assembl ed i n t he base.

Acent r al f l ash t ubeconnect s t he f uze and base i - har ge. When t he t i t he f uze has bur nedi t s pr er l et cr ni i ned l i me. t he r nag4zi ne char ge f l ashes t hr ough t he cen-t r al t ube t o i gni t e t he base cl i Ar ge,

Thi s r esul t s i n t l 3e ej ect i on of t hest eel di aphr agm- bal l s, head, and f uze f r omt he case. The case i s notr upt ur ed. The bai l s ar e pr oj ect ed f or war d i n t he f or m of a cone,due t o r ot Hl i onal vel oci t y,

TARGET PRAC71-I CE.

( a)

f act - i r on 0knt and sand- l oaded shel l of t he same Si ze, shape,Ht t d wei ght wX t he ser vi cF shel l i t si mul at es ar e pr ovi ded f or t ar getpr : j ct i cN_ Some model s may have a smal l quant i t y of bl ack powder

104

TM9- 1900

Par s . 10a- 101Cl asses of Ammuni t i on

t o ser ve as a spot t i ng Char ge.( b)

Subcal i ber ammuni t i on coi i si st a of compl et e r ounds of smel lcal i ber or smal l - ar eas Car t r i dges used i n pr act i ce f i r i ng of l ar ger -cal i ber weapons . The subcal i ber ammuni t i on i s f i r ed f r omweaponsf l , t ecl ei t her on t op of or i n t he bor e of t he l ar ger weapon,

The use( i f szubcal i ber guns and ammuni t i on pr ovi des l ow- cost ammuni t i onf or t r ai ni ng gun cr ews, avoi ds wear of t he maj or weapon dur i ngpr act i ce, and per mi t s f i r i ng wher e r ange l i mi t at i ons exi st .

( 10)

DxI LL OR PUNI MY.

I ner t pr oj ect i l es and compl et e r ounds( f i g. 62) f or t r ai ni ng ar e known as dr i l l or dummy ammuni t i on. Theyar e used f or t r ai i i i ng aj ul pr act i ce i n handl i ng shel l and i n ' ' ser vi ce oft he pi ece, "

101 . FUT, k: S.u.

Ccner al .

An ar t i l l er y f uze ( f i gs. 63 t hr ough 6( i ) i s a mechan-i cal devi ce used wi t h a pr oj ect i l e t o cause i t t o f unct i on at t he t i me: j i xi under t he ci r cur nst ances desi r ed .

1o .

CI 9Ye4l f i vHt i on .( 1 )

Fuzes ar e cl assi f i ed accor di ng t o posi t i on on t he pr oj ect i l eas " poi nt " or ' base. ' They ar e f ur t her cl assi f i ed as " t i me" or " i mpact , "car a combi nat i on of bol l s . Tune f uze cont ai n ei t her a cl ockwor kmechHni smor a gr edual ed t i me el ement i n t he f or m of A compr essedbl ackpowder t r ai n whi ch mt ay be set t o a pr edet er mi ned t i me pr i ort o Br i ng. I mpact f uzes f unct i on on i mpact wi t h t hey t ar get . I f t hef uze i s desi gned t o f unct i on on i mpact wi t h a ver y l i ght mat er i elt ar get . such as an , ai r pl ane wi ng, i t i s cal l ed °' super - sensi t i ve, "

I mpactf uzes ar e f ur t her cl assi f i ed as Ruper qui cl { , nondel ay, or del ay. Del ayon i mpact f uzes i s usual l y 0. 05, 0. 15, or 0_025 seconds. These t er msar e used i n r ef er ence t o t l u " Act i on at t he i nst ant of i mpact . wher eas` ' t i me" r ef er s t o l engt h of t i me f r om t he i nst ant of t he f i r i ng of t heweapon t o t he i nst ant of t he f unct i oni ng of t he f uze.

( 2) Sel ect i vo- t ype f uzes have t i me act i on or mor e t hen onet ype of act i on, f or exampl e, super qui ck and del ay, t i me and super -qui ck ( TSQ) , Such f uzes can be adj ust ed i n t he f i el d f or t he t ypeof act i on desi r ed. Ti me f uzes can he set t o f unct i on at any desi r edt i r ne of f l i ght af t er f i r i ng by t ur ni ng a t i me r i ng.

c,

Saf et y f eat ur es.( 1)

Ar t i l l er y f uzes cont ai n saf et y devi ces whi ch t end t o pr eventf unct i oni ng unt i l af t er t he f uze has bean subj ect ed t o cent r i f ugaland set - back f ar ces, af t er t he r ound t o whi ch i t i s assembl ed i s f i r ed.

( 2) Cer t ai n f uzes ar e consi der ed t o be " bor esaf e, " A bor esaf e( det onat or - saf e) f uze i s one i n whi ch t he expl osi ve t t ` ai r l i s so i nt er -r upt ed t hat pr i or t o f i r i ng and whi l e t he pr oj ect i l e i s st i l l i n t hebor e of t he gun, pr emat ur k expl osi on of t he shel l i s pr event ed shoul dany of t he mor e sensi t i ve el ement s, pr i mer and/ or det onat or ,

107

Par . 101

M43 MECHANI CAL TI ME

MS4 TI MEGSQ

Gl asses of Ar r i mr uni t i on

t ,

+o

1019

TM4- 1900

M4BA3 SQ AND aI 5- SEC. DELAY

M$7 SQRA PD 99326A

Fi gur e 63 - Fazes f or Fi xed and Semi f i xed Ar amunbr an

I M 4- 19M

Par , 101C1esses of Anur r unf t i - pn

M51MPD FUZE , 1 SEC DELAY

MS5A3 TXQFUZE

M67A3 MECHANI CAL TI ME FUZE

Fi gur e 64 - Fuzes f or Seper r at e" l oodf ng Ammuni t i on109

RA PD 893ZZA

Par . 1' 01

Ci wses of Ammuni t i on

TAI L 9- 1900

RA Pb 144830

Fi gur e 65 - Boost er M25 and Cor ncr ef e- pi er ci nq Fuze M78

mal f unct i on.( 3)

Fuzes of t hu i mpact t ype ar e ar med by cent r i f t l gAl or wt -back f or ce, or a combi nat i on of hot h, act i ng on par t s of t he f uzeaf t er t he pr oj ect i l e l eaves t he muzzl e of t he gun. The t i me el ementof t i me f uzes i s i ni t i at ed at t he i r i st nnt of f i r i ng by set - back ( t hat i s,t he ef f ect of i ner t i a) .

To pr event acci dent al ar mi ng i n bandkng ar dshi ppi ng. saf et y novi ces such as a saf et y wi r e or cot t er pi n may byused, Such saf et y devi ces muA he r emoved bef or e f i r i ng, .

Fi gur e 66 - - Rocket Fuze Mi l tRA PD 104831

TM 9- 1900

Par %. 102- 143Cl a4aes of Ammuni t i on

102,

ADAPTERS . x' 41? R0OSTERS,

Adapt er s .

I n chemi cal shel l and i n ct t any hi gh- expl osi ve shel lt i t l ar ge cal i ber . openi ngs i n t he nose ar e consi der abl y l ar ger t hanr equi r ed by t he f uzes i n or der t o f aci l i t at e t 1j e manuf act ur e and l oadi ng of t he pr oj ect i l es. For such shel l , a sui t abl y t hr eaded met albushi ng, cel l ed an adapt er , i s necessar y t o r educe t he si ze of t heopeni ng t o conf or mt o t he t hr eaded por t i on of t he f uze. I n chemi calshel l , t he adapt er has an t i ddi t i anal f unct i on, t hat of pr ovi di ng t i gas ,t i ght seal f or t he chemi cal f i l l er _

h.

Hr mker e.

The t er m " huost er " i s appl i ed t o t he expl osi ve el e-ment i n t he bur st i ngchar ge expl osi ve t r ai n whi ch det onat es t he mai nchar ge. The baast er cont ai ns saf et y devi ces t o pr event pr emat ur edet onat i on of t he Mai n char ge, The r oost er char ge may be i ncor -por at ed wi t hi n t hu f uze i t sel f , I t i s usual l y cont ai ned i n a t hi nmet al or pl ast i c casi ng whi ch i s assembl ed t o and handl ed as a uni twi t h t he f uze,

I t may be i nver t ed i n t he shel l dur i ng l oadi ng_

r . l i «r et er a . An auxi l i ar y expl osi ve el ement i n bur st er - t ypechemi cal shel l , whi ch opens t he shel l and di sper ses t he chemi calagent , i s cal l ed a " bur st er . " I t consi t 4t s of a bur st er char ge, a cont ai nerf or t he char ge, r i nd a met al head_ The bur st er as used i s cont ai nedi n a bur st er casi ng i n t he she] L

J,

Adapt r r . hoo ner s.

I n some cases, t he boost er has been com-bi ned wi t h t he adapt er , t he t wo assembl i es t her eaf t er bei ng handl edas a uni t ,

Such combi nat i ons ar e known as adapt er - boost er s . Adapt er -boost er s ar e not ext ensi vel y used i n pr esent - day ar t i l l er y shel l .

103. PROPELLI NG CHARGES,a . Gener al .( 1) I n gener al , pr opel l i ng char ges consi st of a char ge of a

pr opel l ant , wi t h an i gni t er char ge of Bl ack powder , assembl ed i na sui t abl e car t r i dge car ve, cl ot h beg, or bot h.

( 2) PROPELLMNT POWD1=x, Pr opel l ant s ar e descr i bed i n chap-; r 1, sect i on I V.

( 3)

I ONI TER C7t t AxGF. I n f i xed and semi f i xed r ounds, t he i gni t erchar ge of bl ack powder i s pr esent i n t he ar t i l l er y pr i mer . I n " sep-ar at ed" ammuni t i on an auxi l i ar y i gni t er char ge i t ; pl aced ar ound t hepr i mer or on t he di st ance waddi ng t o i nsur e pr oper i gni t i on of t hepr opel l ant

I n separ at e- l oadi ng r OUTI CI S, t he i gni t er char ge i s assem-bl ed i n an i gni t er bag sewed t o t he base end of t he pt Xopel l i ng char geand i n some cases sl , j o f or mi ng a cor e r unni ng t hr ough t he cent erof t he pr opel l i ng char ge bag, Car t r i dge- i gni t er pads ar e made ofcl osel y woven si l k t o pr event ki t e bl ack powder f r omsi f t i ng t hr ough.Cl ot h of cur r ent manuf act ur e used f or t he i gni t er char ge i s dyedl ed t o i ndi cat e t he pr esence of t he bl ackpowder i gni t er . That ofear l wr manuf act ur e ( undyed) i s mar ked " I GNI TER- "

r 1t

gnr , 14

TM 9- 1904 .

Cl esspa of Ar nmuni t i un

TM9- 1400

par . 103Cl asses of Af r i t nuni ci on

( 4)

f 1i ' Lr 5 ( 1F

PRt 1FELLI NC, CHARGE.

Tha t ype of pr opel l i ngt " ht Xr ge r l cpcndr . uhct l t he ki nd of aa-ununi t i on, t hat i s ; f i xed, semi -f i xed, 2nd separ at e- 10> i di ug.

6.

Fi xed and aemi f i xeal 4- har pr s .( 1) CARTRI DGE CASE. A car t r i dge case, made of dr awn br ass

cr st eel , ser ves as t he cont ai ner f or t he pr opel l i ng char ge i n t he caseof f i xed and semi f i xed ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on. I t s pr of i l e and si zeconf or mt o t hat of t he powder char aher of t he weapon f or whi ch t hecase i , i nt ended, The head of t he case i s r el at i vel y t hi ck and has af l ange or gr oove t o per mi t n) echan; eal ext r act i on. Rounds used i naut omat i c guns have car t r i dge cakes wi t h an ext r act i ng gr oove i nst eadof a f l ange or r i m.

The car t r i dge case hol ds t he pr i mer , pr opel l i ngchar ge, and t he pr oj ect i l e t ae, t hat t he assembl y can be i nser t ed i nt ot he weapon i n one oper at i ot , , I t al so pr ovi des f or obt ur at i on, t hati s, i t expands under t he pr essur e of t he bur ni ng pr opel l ent gases ar t dpr event s t he &soape of gas t o t he r ear ,

( 2)

PROPELLI NGCHARGE I N FI XEDAMMUNI TI ON, The pr opel l i ngchar ge i n a r ound of f i xed ammuni t i on i s packed l oosel y i n t he car t r i dgecase. I n some i nst ances wher e t he char ge does not f i l l t he casecompl et el y, a spacer or di st ance waddi ng, usual l y a car dboar d di skand cyl i nder , i s i nser t ed i n t he neck of t he car t r i dge case. bet weent he powder char ge and t he base of t he pr oj ect i l e.

( 3) PROPELLI NG CHARGE I N $

LFLXB. D AMMUNI TI ON. I n semi -f i xed ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on, t he char ge, di vi ded i nt o par t s o* i ncr e.mer i t s f or zone f i r i ng, i s assembl ed i n sever al cl ot h bags . The f ul lchar ge wi t h al l . i ncr ement s" i n pr oper or der , i s assembl ed i n t hecar t r i dge case, whi ch i s a f r ee f i t over t he end of t he pr oj ect i l e.Each i ncr ement i s number ed, t he base char ge bei ng number ed " 1: 'Thus, t o ar r ange e pr opel l i ng char ge i n pr oper ol der f or f i r i ng char ge4, t he i ncr ement s woul d be ar r anged i i i t he or der 1, 2. 3, and 4, i ncr e-ment 4 } r ei ng pl aced upper most .

e

" Scpar l ed" HLUMUni i t l at t pr opel l i ng char ge.

Thi s pr opel -l i ng chal l e i s cont ai ned i n a car t r i dge case, t oget her wi t h t he pr i mer .The char ge consi st s of pr opel l ent powder , l oosel y l oaded i n a br asscar t r i dge case whi ch i s cl ow- d by a- pl ug.

I t wi l l be not ed t hat t hi sammuni t i on i s consi de: - ed t o be separ at e- l oadi ng,

d.

Sepxr ai c- l oadi ng char geq ( f i g . 67) ,( 1)

CAWr R1DG3 BAGS. Car t r i dge bags f or m a sui t abl e and con-veni ent means of cont ai ni ng t he smokel esspowder char ge i n separ at e-l oadi ng ammuni t i on. Cot t on cl ot h i s t he st andar d mat er i al f orcar t r i dge hags,

( 2)

SI NGLE- X; ECTI ON CHARGES, Separ at e- l oadi ng pr opel l i ng char gesar e di vi ded i nt o si ngl e- sect i on and mul t i sect i on char ges. I n t hesi ngl e- sect i on char ge, t he pr opel l ent powder i s cont ai ned i n a si ngl e

Pur , l t } 3

TM 9- 1900

Cl asses Oi Ammuni i t un

t ag, t i ght l y- l aced ( ) , ' wr apped t o gi ve t he c: har g_r i gi di t y,

The i gni t i ngand end i gni t i ng chHr ge i s di vi ded i nt o t hr ee par t s, each i n i t s own bag,t wo end par t s : and a cor e whi ch ext ends axi al l y t hr ough t he cent er oft he char ge and connect s t he i gni t er pads sewed t o each end. Thi st ype! of i gni t er i s t er med a " cor e i gni t e!. - "

( 3) MUL1' I SECT1GK CHARGr g, Mul t i sect i on char ges per mi t t hegun cr ew t o Var y t he si ze of t he pr opel l i ng char ge and f aci l i t at ehandl i ng t he l ar ger and heavi er char ges. Mul t i sect i on char ges ar esubdi vi ded i nt o " base and i ncr ement : " " equal sect i on . " Hr nd " unequalsect i on" t ypes .

( a)

9i j w and i ncr ement ,

Thi s t ype i t f pr opel l i ng Char ge consi st sof a base sect i on or char ge Fi nd one or mor e i ncr ement s . The i ncr e-mE: r i i s i nay be of equal or unequal wei ght , Wher eas t he base sect i oni s al ways f i r ed. t he i ncr ement s r t t ay or may not be f i r ed . Wi t h somet ypes, one i gni t er pad i s at t ached t o t f 3e bkge end of t he basesect i on onl y, whi l e ot her t ypes havo a cor e- t ype i gni t er i n t he basesect i on and somet i r nes i n one or Tnur e i ncr ement s as wel l .

( b)

Equt t 1 vect i or r . I n t hi s t ype, t he sect i ons ar e equal i n si zeand wei ght . I t was f or mer l y known as t he " al i quot par t ' char ge,I t i s used i n 14- i r «; h gun ammuni t i on and f or ot her l ar ger - cal i berweapons.

( c)

Unequal sect i on.

I n t he case of cer t ai n howi t zer s . t he O1ar gei s Made up i n uncel ual sect i ons,

I n t he case of guns, t he char ge maybe Tr ade up of sever al equal sect i ons and t wo cyr mor e unequal sec-t i ons, Thi s t ype per mi t s f i r i ngs at r oduced vel oci t i es and pr ovi dest he maxi mumf l exi bi l i t y,

( 4) CoLuR. I n cer l Hi a ceseb t wo base and i ncr ement char gesar c pr ovi ded f or one howi t xer - one f or i nner , t he ot her f or out erZUTHn of t i r e, The cl ot h of t he bags f or t he i nner zones i s dyedgr een t o di st i ngui sh t hat char ge f r omt he ot her t ype whi ch i s assem-bl ed i n undyed ( whi ( e} bags. Accor di ngl y, t hese t wo t ypes ofchar ges ar e cal l ed " gr een bag" and " whi t e bag" char ges ( f i g . ( ) .

( 5) STACKED CHARC; ES, I n Or der t hat cer t ai n l ong pr opel l i ngchar ges wi l l have mor e r i gi di t y, t he gr ai ns of powder ar e ar r anged orst ¬j cked i n UTAFOYr n or der and di r ect i on_ These Cha] ' gL' s, havi ng t hegr ai ns wi t h t hei r l ong axi s par al l el t r y t he l ongi t udi nal axi s of t hechar ge, , ar e sai d t o l ae " " st acked. "

( 6)

FLASJ{ REDUCERS. Fl askL r educer , ar c used wi t h pr opel l i ngchar ges dur i ng ni ght f i r i ng_ These devi c. es gr eat l y r educe t he f l ashand l hcmby i mpede enemy obser vat i on of gun posi t i ons . The f l ashr educer dvvel oped f or t he 1 . 55- mi n guns ( f i g, 68) consi st s of t woscar l et - dyed cot t on st r i ps whi ch ar c l i nked t oget her wi t h si l k st r i ngs .Each st r i p cont ai ns t hr ee channel s wbl i Xh ar e f i l l ed wi t h chemi cal s,Two out si de r hannel s of each st r i p cont ai n a mi xt ur e of 60 per centpot assi umsul f at e and 44 per cent bl ack powder .

The cent er channelcont ai ns onl y bl ack powder , When t i ed ar ound t he Char j t e, t he

TM 9. 19130

Pam 103- 104

144. PROI F: RS.

CJasx&s of Ammuni bon

st r i ps ar e opposi t e aach ot her , pl ash r educer s ar e made t o f i t aspeci f i c pr opel l i ng char ge. The use of f l esh r educer s sl i ght l y i ncr easest ht , muzzl e vel oci t y; t her ef or e, t he pr oper cor met i on must be appl i edwhen comput i ng r ange dat a dur i ng f i r i ng.

( 7) Dul amv cHARoE&. Dummy char ges, si mul at i ng ser vi cechar ges ( f i g, 62) , ar e pr ovi ded f or use wi t h dr i l l pr oj t t ct i l es t o t r ai nper sonnel i n " ser vi ce of t he pi ece, `

a. Gener al . A pr i mer i s t he cor nt mnent used t o i ni t i at e . t hecomhust i vn of a pr opel l i ng char ge, Ar t i l l er y pr i mer s ( f i g. f i g)consi st essent i t i l l y of a st nsl l quant i t y of sensi t i ve expl osi ve or nd achar ge of bl ack powder , encased i n a met al cont ai ner . I n t he case:of f i xed and ser ni f i xr d ammuni t i on, t he pr i mer i s f or ced i nt o t hebase of t he car t r i dge case at t i me of manuf act ur e. I n t he case ofsepAcKt e- l oadi ng ammuni t i on, t he pr i mer i s i nser t ed by hand i nt t )t he br eeahbl ock of t he weapon.

Jj ,

Typr a. Based on t he met hod of f i r i ng, ar t i l l er y pr i mer s ar ecl assi f i ed s4 per cussi on, el ect r i c, coenbi nat i on per cussi on- el ect r i c, f r i c-t i on, and i gni t i on,

c .

Pei v. umi on pr i ur er ,

Thi s t ype of pr i mer , f i r ed by a bl ow oft he f i r i ng pi n, i s gener al l y uses . ] i n al l Hr t i l l er y aI TI r nLI ni t i on exceptt hat f or har bor def ense and r ai l way ar t i l l er y . The pr i mer s us; ed i n

por . 104

CJawew of Ammuni t i on

r D' '

BC

TYPI CAL PRI MER FORFI XED ANDSEMI FI XED ROUNDS

F

G( 55

n

%USH

r

C0MBI NATI ON ELECTRI C ANDPERCUSSI ON PRI MER MK 15- MOD I

PRI MERS F" SEPARATf - LOADI NG, ROUNDS

Fi gur e 69 - Pr i mer s - Sect i oned

TM 9- 1400

PELLETS

. - FI RI NG PLUG H. - CONI CAI . GAS CHECK P- SERRATEDGASB- PRI MER CUP 1- FI RI NG PLUG CHECKC- PERCI JSS10N J - - I NSULATOR Q- FRI CTI ON

ELEMENT CHARGE K- - PLUNGER COMPOSI TI OND- FOSLI NG PAPER L- GUNCOTTON R- CLDS: NGCUPE - ANVI L M- CONTACT OR 5- PRESSEL7 BLACKF- I GN1l ER CHARGE I GNI TI ON WI RE POWDt R

I PRr WR CHARGE) N. . METALLI C SEA!G- BODY PLUG 0 - BUTTOK RA PD39324A

T141 9- 1940

Par s .

104- 1 I 2' bCl assw o1 Ar r t r nuni t i or n

car t r i dge cases cont ai n suf f i ci ent bl ack powder t o i gni t e pr oper l yt he smokel ess powder i n t he car t r i dge case, Those used wi t hsepar at e- l oadi ng pr opel l i ng char ges cont ai n onl y enough bl ack pow-der t o i gni t e t he bl ackpowder i gni t er char ge at t ached t o t he pr o-pel l i ng change,

d.

El eet r i e pAnnr r .

Thi s t ype of pr i mer i s f i r ed by t he heat gen-er at ed when an el ect r i c cur r ent passes t hr ough a r esi st ance wi r eembedded i n dr y guncot t on. I t i s used dr i l y i n har bor def ense andr ai l way ar t i l l er y . Al t hough bot h t he f r i ct i on and el ect r i c pr i mer sar e ver y si mi l ar i n appear ance, t he el ect r i c pr i mer i s di st i ngui shedby bl ack i nsul at i on ar ound t he cont act wi r e and by a gr oove machi nedar ound t he head.

, " .

( : omi t i nat usn per cussi on- cl eci r i c pr i mer . Thi s pr i mer i s f i r edei t her el ect r i cal l y or by a bl ow of t he f i r i ng pi n

I t i s used onl y i ncer t ai n har bor def ense and r ai l way ar t i l l er y,

f .

Fr i et i an pr i mer .

Thi s t ype of pr i mer i s f i r ed by t he beat gen-er at ed when a ser r at ed pl ug i s pul l ed t hr ough an expl osi ve composi -t i on sensi t i ve t o heat or f r i ct i on At t he pr esent t i me i t i s usedas a subst i t ut e f or t he el ect r i c pr i mer i n t he event of f ai l ur e ofel ect r i c power .

g.

I gni t i on pr i mer t q-

Tne i gni t i on pr i mer , al t hough ver y si mi l art o t he per cussi on t ype, di f f er s i n t hat i t cont ai ns, i n l i eu of t he per -cussi on el ement , an i ner t cap wi t h a hol e i n i t . I t i s i nt ended f oruse i n cer t ai n subcal i ber ammuni t i on f i r ed by a ser vi ce pr i mer . Thef l ame f r om t he ser vi ce pr i mer passes t hr ough t he hol e i n t he capof t he i gni t i on pr i mer , t hus i gni t i ng t he bl ackpowder char ge i n t hei gni t i on pr i mer .

145. BLANK AA11111JN1' 1' f 0j Y,a.

Gcncr al .

$l ank ammuni t i on i s pr ovi ded f or cannon of cal i berup t o and i ncl udi ng 105- r nm, f or pr act i ce pur poses, f or maneuver s,f or f i r i ng t he mor ni ng and eveni ng gun, and f or sal ut i ng.

h.

Compl et e r ound. Acompl et e r ound of bl ank ammuni t i on ( f i g,70) consi st s of a car t r i dge case i nt o whi ch ar e f i t t ed a per cussi onpr i mer , a char ge of bl ack powder , and a chi pboar d Cl osi ng cup seal edi n t he mount of t he case. The car t r i dge cage i s usual l y made byt r i mmi ng ser vi ce car t r i dge cases t o t he pr oper l engt h. The bl ack-powder char ge i n t he l at est desi gn of bl ank ammuni t i on consi st s of Asi ngl e or doubl e pel l et i n pl ace of t he l oose bl ack powder ( i n bag)f or mer l y used. A hol e, i nt o whi ch t he pr i mer ext ends, i s l ef t i n t hecent er and t he pel l et i s wr apped i n cel l ophane.

1116. POWDERTEMPERATURE I NDI CATORS. Powder t em-per at ur e i ndi cat or s ( f i g. 71) , upped i n ant i ai maf t bat t er i es, enabl et oki ng t he powder t emper at ur es f or ammuni t i on ei t her at bat t er yor i n st or age at poi nt s of suppl y. Thei r consi st of a t her mor net er

Par . 146

TM 9- 79GO

Oases of Ammuni t i on

FELT WADCELLOPHANE WRAPPED BLACK POWDER PELLET

BLANK AMMUNI TI ON ; SI NGLE PELLET CHARGE) , 75- MMGUN OR HOWI TZER

$CELLOPHANE- WRAPPEI )! BLACK POWDER PELLETS

BLANK AMMUNI TI ON ) DOUBLE PELLET CHARGE) , 75- MMGUN OR HOWI TZER

1A PG$9116

f i gur e 70 - Bl ank Ar nnt uni t i on - 5i n91e and Doubl e Pei l ms

118

TM 9- 1900

Par . 106

Cl asses ol Ammuni t i on

A- PROPELLENT POWDERB - CARTRI DGE CASEC- PI SER CONTAI NERD- THERMOMETEI R, MII : - I RON PWGF - RUBBER GASKETC- STEEL WASHERH- PLASTI C WI NDOWS

Fi gur e 7f - Powder - f emper af 4or e i ndi cat or

719

RA FD 89338

Par s- 106- 107

TM 9- 1400Cl asses oi ` Ammur dl i on

st uck i nt o A powder char ge i n a ser vi ce car t r i dge case whi ch, i nt ur n. i s packed i n 8 f i ber cont ai ner . The t her snomet er can be r eadt hr ough pi oat t i c l enses pl aced i n t he head of t he assembl y . They ar epl aced wi t h t he l ot of ammuni t i on go t hat t he t emper at ur e may benot ed. Si nce f i r i ng t abl es ar e based on t he t emper at ur e of t hepowder at 75` l :. at t he t i me of f i r i ng, any devi at i on f r om t hi st emper at ur e hay t o be consi der ed i n t i r i ng dat a comput at i ons,

1117, CAKE A11U PRECAUTI ONS t N ] HANDLI NG.u. I n addi t i on t o t he pr ecaut i ons pr escr i bed i n chapt er 3. t he

f ol l owi ng wi l l be obser ved :( l )

PROJECTI LES.

Pr oj ect i l es shoul d l ] e i nspect ed t o i n4ur e t hatt her e i e no exudat i on of t he cont ent s, t hat t he bour r el et and r ot at i ngband ar e smoot h and f r ee f r om ser i ous dent s or bur s, and t hat t het hr eads of t he adapt er ar e cl ean, Fi el d ar t i l l er y pr oj ect i l es shoul dbe cl ean and f r ee f r om gr ease.

( . Z)

PROPELLANT6. The pr opel l ant s of f i xed ammuni t i on cannotbe r eadi l y i nspect ed, but t hose f or ot her ammuni t i on shoul d be not edwhen pr epar i ng t he char ge. Make cer t ai n t hat onl y t he pr operi ncr ement s ar e r emoved f r om t he adj ust abl e compl et e char ge, Ther eshoul d be no l eakage of cont ent s f r om any of t he car t r i dge bags.For separ at e- l oadi ng ammuni t i on, t he t ag and i gni t er pad cover , i fpr esent , must be r emoved pr i or t o l oadi ng t he char ge i nt o t he weapon.

( 3)

Fi zEs. The f uze shoul d be car ef ul l y i nspect ed t o ascer t ai nt hat i t i s pr oper l y set , and t hat no unaut hor i zed r emoval of par t $has been made. No at t empt wi l l be made t o di sassembl e f uzes orr ounds i n t he f i el d wi t hout speci f i c i nst r uct i ons f r om t he Chi ef ofOr dnance. Al l separ at el y- i ssued f ur es shoul d be t i ght ened t o t hepr oj ect i l e wi t h a f uze wr ench. Wi t h f i xed and semi f i xed ammuni t i on,t he packi ng st op must be r emoved f r om t he pr oj ect i l e bef or e f i r i ng.Ti me f uzes whi ch have been set but not f i r ed must be r eset at" saf e" bef or e bei ng r epl aced i n t hei r cont ai ner s,

( 4) PmmsRs, Because of t he hygr oscopi c nat ur e of pr i mer s,t hei r cont ai ner cans shoul d not be opened t i l l necessar y . Pr i mer sshoul d be i nspect ed par t i cul ar l y f or si gns of cor r osi on .

( 5) CARTRmas CASES. Car t r i dge cases shoul d be car ef ul l yi nspect ed f or cr acks or dent s whi ch may af f ect t hei r f unct i oni ngor t he f unct i oni ng of t he weapon Badl y cor r oded car t r i dge caseswi l l i ncr ease t he di f f i cul t y of ext r act i on or may r esul t i n spl i t orr upt ur ed cases. Gases wi t h f aul t s whi ch may r esul t i n a r upt ur eshoul d not be used. Thei r use may pl ace a weapon out of act i onf or a consi der abl e per i od. of t i me whi l e t he r upt ur ed case i s bei ngr emoved. Wi t h semi f t xed ammuni t i on, i t i s i mpor t ant t hat t hemout hs of cases not be def or med. i f def or med, such a case maybe di f f i cul t t o l oad and, i f l oaded and f i r ed, a ser i ous bl ow- backmay r esul t .

120

TM 9- 1404

108. PACKI NG.

1761210- 48 - X

Cl asses of Ammoni r i on

Rd Pp 104832Fi gur e 72- Met al Cont ai ner f or Pr i mer s

Por s . 107- 100

a. Gener al . Ar t i l l er y ; ammuni t i on and component s, except Sep-ar at e- l oadi ng pr oj ect i l es, ar e packed i n moi st ur e- r esi st ant f i ber con-t ai ner s whi ch ar e boxed ( f i gs, 73 and 74) or pl aced i n met al con-t ai ner s or i n heal ed met al cans . Cr at es may be used f or addi t i onalpr ot ect i on f or cer t ai n car t r i dge- st or age Camvs ( met al cont ai ner s f orpr opel l i ng char ges) , pr oj ect i l es havi ng wi ndshi el ds, and dummypr oj ect i l es, Some f uzes ar e nowbei ng packed i n her met i cal l y seal edcans and t hen i n a wooden box ( f i g. 7b) , Separ at e- l oadi ng pr oj ec-t i l es ar e' shi pped boxed, cr at ed ( Fi g. 75) , or uncr at ed. I f uncr at ed, agr ommet i s pl aced. ar ound t he r ot at i ng band and an eyet l ol t - hf t i nKpl ug i s sgr ewed i nt o t he f uze hol e ( f i gs . 57 and 58) .

h.

Met al cont ai ner s. Ai r t i ght cyl i ndr i cal met al cont ai ner s, knownas car t r i dg" t or age cases ( f i g . 8) Ar e used t o pack separ at e- l oadi ngpr opel l i ng char ges. Si mi l ar met al cont ai ner s ( f i gs . 78, 79, 80, and81) ar e al so used t o pack one ar t i l l er y r ound, ei t her wi t h or wi t houta f i ber cont ai ner _ The met al cont ai ner has a det achabl e scr een- t ypecap,

To i nsur e compact and t i ght packi ng, r ubber f el t and cor k pads

Por . 108

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124

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TM 9- 1900

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Par . 108

TM 4- 1400


f i gur e 8i - - Met al Cont ai ner M132 f or 105- r mnl Howi t zer Rounds

130

TM9- 1900

Par s, 14a- 109

d.

Wal er p" of 1aags .

Pr opel l i ng char ges maybe packed i n wat er -pr oof bag i n f i ber cont ai ner s ( f i g, 77) _

1091 i ; FNFRAJ, .

Cr a&t ez of Ar r t mur r i i t or t

ar e used i n t he i nt er i or of t he cont ai ner t o pr event si dewar d mot i on,upper and l ower gui de r i ngs ar e pr ovi ded on t he i nt er i or of t he con.t ai ner .

r _

Met al cans .

A seal ed met al can ( f i g_ 72) wi t h met al t ear st r i psi s used t o pack separ at e- l oadi ng gr t i l l et y pr i r r t i er s . These cans ar epacked, i n t ur n, i n a wooden 1>ox .

Set l i on V

B0MI l S

a.

Abomb i s a st r eam- l i ned cont ai ner of expl osi ves or chemi cal si nt ended f or r el ease f r om ai r cr af t .

I t consi st s of a body cont ai ni ngt he char ge and a devi ce t o expl ode or scat t er t he char ge at t het ar get . Ai r cr af t t or pedoes, submar i ne mi nes pl ant ed by ai r cr af t ,r ocket s, pyr ot echni cs, and mor t ar bombs, al t hough si mi l ar i n nat ur e,ar e not cl assi f i ed as 1>ombs .

i t ,

For r easons of saf et y, t he component s of a bomb ar e usual l yst or ed and shi pped separ at el y, and must be assembl ed pr i or t o use.The component s of bombs ( f i g. 82) di f f er ( dependi ng on ( l i e par -t i cul ar t ype and model ) but , i n gener al , t hey consi st of :

( 1)

The unf uzed bomb body cont ai ni ng expl osi ve, i ncendi ur y, orchei t i t i i cal f i l l er .

( 2)

The f uze, or f uzes,( 3)

The f i n assembl y ( assembl ed t o smal l er bombs as shi pped) .( 4)

The ar mi ng wi r e assembl y,c .

Bombs ar e i nst al l ed i n ai r pl anes by means of suspensi on l op.Bombs of 100 pounds and mor e have t he f i usl *nsi on 1up on t hesi de of t he body, ar r anged f or hor i zont al suspensi on of Out bomb.Same smal l er bombs have ove l ug on t he si de and anot her on t het ai l end, whi ch per mi t s t he bomb t o be i nst al l ed ei t her i n a hor i zont alor ver t i cal bomb r ack; ot her s ar e st r apped i n cl ust er s of sever albombs and suspended as a uni t . Some ANbombs have t hr ee sus-pensi on- l ugs, t wo on one si de of t he bomb body ant i one on t heopposi t e si de t o pr ovi de f or use i n bot h Ar my and Navy ai r cr af t .

d. The f ui t i ct i oni ng of bombs depends pr i mar i l y upon t he act i onof t he f uze, whi ch may be super qui ck, del ay, or t i me. The t er ms" super qui ck" ( i nst ant aneous) and " del ay" r ef er t o t he act i on att he i nst ant of f uze i mpact , wher eas ' t une" r ef er s i o t he t i me f r omt he r el ease of t he bomb t o t he i mt ant of f unct i on.

Par . 109

I m9- 19%Gasses of Ammuni t i on

132

TM 9- 1904

Par s, 1174- 112Cl asaes of Ammuni t i on

e. Uomb f uzes, af t er assembl y i nt o t he bombs, ar e pr event edf r om awni ng or f unct i oni ng dur i ng handl i ng by means of an ar mi ngwi r e whi ch i s nor mal l y r emoved by t he bomb' s r el ease f r om t hesi epl ane_ When i t i s neeesRar y t o r emove t he ar mi ng wi r e t o unf uze2 bomb, i nst r uct i ons at t ached t o t he f uze shoul d be f ol l owed cl osel y .Pr ovi si on i s made f or r el easi ng t he bomb " saf e" f r om t he ai r pl anev: i t hout r emovi ng t he ar mi ng wi r e f r om t he f uze when i l i s desi r edt hat t he bomb shoul d l and wi t hout f uoci i or i i ng.

f .

A gener al descr i pt i on of t he sever al t ypes of bor nbs i s i ncl udedi n t he f ol l owi ng par agr aphs .

110. I DENTI FI C: I LTI ON. Bombs ar e pai nt ed i n accor dance wi t ht he basi c col or scheme out l i ned i n chapt er 1 . sect i on I I and i l l us-t r at ed i n f i gur es Si ' and 10. Bombs ar e mar ked t o i ndi cat e t ype,wei ght , model , f i l l er , l ot number , and l oadi ng pl ant and dat e l oaded.i n addi t i on, t he AI C symbol i s st enci l ed on uncr at ed bombs,

I l l , ( a, A551FTCATI ON. Hecause of t he many uses f or bombsdr opped f r om ai r cr af t , t her e ar e many t ypes and si zes of bombs,r angi ng i n wei ght f r om 2 t o 4, 000 pounds . I n common wi t h ot hert ypes of ammuni t i on, bombs ar e cl assi f i ed accor di ng t o f i l l er a9expl osi ve, chemi cal , i ncer xi i ar y, pyr ot echni c, and i ner t . Expl osi vebombs ar e cl assi f i ed accor di ng t o use as gener al - pur pose ( GP)( demol i t i on) , l i ght case ( LC) , ar mor - pi er ci ng ( AP) , semi - ar r oor -pi er ci ng ( SAP) , f r agment at i on, and dept h_ Chemi cal bombs ar ecl assi f i ed accor di ng t o t ype of f i l l er as gas or smoke. I ner t bombsar e used f or pr ar t i ce r i nd dr i l l ,

112. EXPLOSI VE BOMBS.y . These bombs at e i nt ended f or t he dest r uct i on or demol i t i on

of mat er i el t ar get s. The dest r uct i ve ef f ect i s pr oduced by t he vi ol enceof t he det onat i on; " bl ast ef f ect " ; by pr oj ect i on of pi eces of t he case," f r agment at i on" ; and by di spl acement of ear t h and bui l di ngs, " mi n-i ng. " An expl osi ve t r ai n f or bombs i s i l l ust r at ed i n f i gur e 83.

I F .

{ ; +mur al - pi sr p4Ae,

The gener al - pur pose ( GP) bomb ( f i g. 84)meet s t he r equi r ement s of most bombi ng mi ssi ons. The var i ousmodel s r ange i n wei ght f r om 100 t o 2, 000 pounds and t he quant i t yof expl osi ve i n t hi s t ype aver ages 55 per cent by wei ght . Gener al .pur pose. bombs may he used f or bl ast , f r agment at i on, or mi ni ngef f ect . They use bot h nose and t ai l f uzes, Nose f uzes pr oducemor e ef f i ci ent sur f ace ef f ect , And t ai l f uzes pr oduce mor e ef f i ci entmi ni ng and penet r at i on ef f ect . Bot h f uzes ar e gener al l y used, t hesecondar y f uze as i nsur ance agai nst mal f unct i oni ng . The met al casei s st r gt 3g enough t o wi t hst and i mpact wi t h or di nar y mat er i al s whenr el eased f r om hi gh al t i t ud+, , but i t may f ai l on i mpar t wi t h heavyar mor or heavi l y r ei nf or ced concr et e st r uct ur es .

132

Par . 112

TM 9- 1900


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134

TM9- 1900


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Li ght - page, The l i ght - cage. ( LC) bomb ( f i g . 84) i s si mi l ar i nappear ance t o t he gener al - pur pose homb but has a t hi nner . l i ght ercase and vQnt ai ns a hi gher per cent age of expl osi ve f i l l er by v. ei ght ,Si nce st r engt h of case has been sacr i f i ced, Rhi s bomb cannot be usedf or penet r at i on and mul ct be f uzed t o expl ode bef or e t he case br eaksup on i mpact . Appr oxi mat el y 75 per cent of t he t ot al wei ght i shi gh- expl osi ve f i l l er .

41, kr i nar - pi er r i ng. The ar mor - pi er ci ng ( AP) bomb ( f i t; . 85)i s used t o pi er ce deck ar mor of bat t l eshi ps, heavy concr et e st r uct ur es.and si mi l ar hi ghl y r esi st ant t ar get s . The Pose of t he AP bomb i ssol i d and somet i mes i s f i t t ed wi t h an ar mor - pi er ci ng cap ( APC)( f i g . 85) _ These bombs ar e ef f ect i ve agai nst heavy deck ar mor whendr opped f r oui suf f i ci ent al t i t ude t o at t ai n t hei r r at ed vel oci t y. Theycont ai n a r el at i vel y smal l per cent age ( 8 t o 18 per cent ) of expl osi vef i l l er and use t ai l f uses of t he del ay t ype.

e.

Semi - ar mor - pi er ci ng .

The semi - ar mor - pi er ci ng ( SAP) bomb( f i g, 13f ) i s convent i onal i n out l i ne, vesembl i ng t he cyl i ndr i cal GPbomb, However , t he SAP bomb has a heavy case of st eel whi chi s dr awn i nt o n t hi ckened nose and * cont &i ns appr oxi mat el y 30 per centby wei ght of expl osi ve f i l l er . I t may be used agai nst concr et e pi l lboxes or ot her t ar get s of moder at eI y hi gh r esi st ance.

1.

Uehi b.

The dept h bomb ( f i g. 84) i s a speci al l i ght - case bombf or use agai nst submar i nes and sur f ace cr af t .

I t aver ages 70 per centby wei ght of expl osi ve . When det onat ed by a hydr ost at i c f uze, t heef f ect of t hi s bomb does not depend upon hi t t i ng t he t ar get di r ect l ybut upon t he shock of det onat i on of t he expl osi ve bei ng t r ansmi t t edt hr ough t he wat er . The hydr ost at i c f uze f unct i ons at a pr edet er mi neddept h r at her t han on i mpact , I f i t i s desi r ed t o use t hese bombsf or demol i t i on ef f ect onl y, t hey may be equi pped wi t h nose f uzeswhi ch f unct i on on i mpact . Fuzes m; Xy be of t he nose or t ai l t ypeor i nst al l ed i n a cavi t y r unni ng t r ansver sel y t hr ough t he bomb body .

g.

Fr agment ut i an l t ut t 11M.

( 1) Fr agment at i on bombs ar e f or use agai nst per sonnel andl i ght mat er i el t ar get s . The ef f ect i s pr oduced pr i mar i l y by t hef r agment s of t he bomb body pr oj ect ed at hi gh vel oci t y . The bl astat t he poi nt of i mpact wi l l cause addi t i onal damage t o near hy obj ect s .Some f r agment at i on bombs have st abi l i zi ng f i ns, ot her s, f or l ow-al t i t ude bombi ng, have par achut es f or r et ar di ng, r at e of f al l ( f i g. 85) .The desi gn of t he bomb body i g such ai ; t o pr oduce t he gr eat estnumber of ef f ect i ve f r agment s. The 1} o[ l y wal l s ar e of uni f or mt hi ckness and may be made up of coi l ed hel i x spr i ngs . Any f r agment havi ng 00 f oot - pounds of ener gy wi l l di sabl e per sonnel .

Mostt ypes of f r agment at i on bomb ar e f i t t er l wi t h a nose f uze onl y. Thewei ght of t he hi gh expl osi ve i n t hese bombs i s about 15 per centby wei ght . Si nce t he f r agment s ar e pr oj ect ed at appr oxi mat el y

134

TM 9- 19+00

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TM9- 1900Gl asses of Ammuni t i on

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t i ght angl es t o t he axi s of t he bomb, t ha most uni f or m di st r i but i onand gr eat est dest r uct i ve ef f ect s occur when t he bomb i s ver t i cal att he i nst ant of f unct i oni ng.

( 2) Fr agment at i on bombs st abi l i zed by par achut es or f i ns ar ef i t t ed wi t h i mpact - t ype i nst ant aneous- act i on f uzes. The bomb ex-pl odes i nst ant aneousl y on i mpact , pr oj ect i ng a l ar ge number off r agment s at hi gh vel oci t y.

( 3)

Smal l f r agment at i on bombs ar e assembl ed i n cl ust er s ( f i g.87) f or mor e ef f i ci ent use and f or ease i n handl i ng and dr oppi ng,Cl ust er adapt er s suppor t t he i ndi vi dual bombs and, i n t ur n, ar ei nst al l ed i n st at i ons f or l ar ge- si ze bombs. The cl ust er i s dr oppedf r om t he si r pl gne as a uni t . The ar mi ng wi r e act s t o r el ease t heWmbs f r om t he cl ust er , ei t her by mechani cal means di r ect l y, byar mi ng a mechani cal t i me f uze whi ch opens a cl ust er af t er an i nt er val ,or by f i r i ng a car t r i dge whi ch causes t he cl ust er t o open, Cl ust aradapt er s have been desi gned f or al most ever y t ype of f r agment at i onbomb, i ncl udi ng t he but t er f l y bomb.

( 4)

The but t er f l y bomb ( f i g, 88) i s equi pped wi t h a case assem-bl y ( but t er f l y wi ngs) whi ch i s f ol ded ar ound i t . When t he cl ust eri s r i pened by act i on of e t i me f uze. t he wi ngs unf ol d by spr i ng act i onand begi n t o r ot at e, r et ar di ng t he f al l of t he bomb and ar mi ng i t sf uze mechani cal l y. The cl ust er f or t he but t er f l y bomb i n waf er si s shown i n f i gur e 89,

( 5) Ai r cr af t mi t r es and dept h char ges ar e si mi l ar t o ai r cr af tbombs and cont ai n hi gh- expl osi ve f i l l er s ( f i gs. 90, 91, and 92) ,

113. CHEMI CAL BOMBS. Chemi cal bombs ( f i g. 93) cont ai nchemi cal agent s whi ch pr oduce a t oxi c or an i r r i t at i ng physi ol ogi calef f ect , or a scr eeni ng smoke. They ar e known as gas or smoke,

Par . 112

0U

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142

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f i gur e 99 - Nose Fuze - Vane Ar mi ng Type

dependi ng upon t he pr i nci pal ef f ect , The f or ce necessar y t o opent he bomb body and pr oper l y di sper se t he chemi cal agent i s pr ovi dentby an expl osi ve el ement cal l ed a bur st er , whi ch ext ends t he l engt hof t he bur r t b cavi t y . I n gener al , t he body ser ves onl y 8s a cont ai nerf or t he chemi cal agent . Smal l chemi cal and i ncendi ar y bombs ar ehexagonal i n shape t o al l ow bet t er packi ng i n cl ust er s ( f i gs. 94 end95) . Fuze act i on i s super yui ck ( i nst ant aneous) t o pr event t hewast e of any of t he char ge by i t s bei ng car r i ed under gr ound.

l 4. ] I NCENDI ARY BOMBS. I ncendi ar y bombs cont ai n j el l edgasal enc . oi l , phosphor us . t her mat e, or magnesi um f i l l er s, Smal l

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i ncendi ar y bombs { f i g, 94) ar e hexagonal i n shf l pe and may have ast eel case f ar an i ncendi ar y f i l l er or a heavy magnesi um al l oy casecont ai ni ng an i gni t i ng char ge ; t he case i t sel f act s as t he mai nchar ge, Smal l i ncendi ar y bombs ar e ar r anged i n a cl ust er ( f i g. 45 )whi ch f al l s f r om t hr o pl ane as a uni t and t hen coal cy apar t . al l ow-i ng t he bombs t o ar m and f al l sppnr at el y f or cover age of an ar eat ar get .

l l i . PYROTECHNI C AND TARGET- I DENTI FI CATI ONBOMBS.

a. ' Phot of l ash bombs cont ai n pyr ot echni c mat er i al , but becauseof t hei r cyl . l osi ve nat ur c X1r e cal l ed bci i nbs ( chap, 2, sec, VI , )

11, Cer t ai n skyr nar l cer , pat hf i nder , ai r cr af t f l ar es, and t ar get -Ment i f i c; at i on boml ) s pr oduce a pyr ot echni c ef f ect but r esembl ebombs i n appear ance and use. The 100- pound r ed smoke t ar get -i dent i f i cat i on l wi mb r %184A1 f el l s f r om t he oi r cr Hf t f or a l engt hof t i me set on t he bor nb i nechal : l i cal t i me f uze and t hen bur st s i nt he ai r , pr cwl uci ng a l ar ge cl oud of r ed smoke. Thi s cl oud hangsi n t he ei r f or i i consi der abl e pi "r i od of t i me, The 250- pound t ar get -i dent i f i cet i on bombs M89, M90, ond I VI 98 ( f i gs . 96 and 97) i l l um-i nat e and mur k t ar get s by t he si mul t aneous i gni t i on and t ai l ej ect i unof t hei r pyr ot echni c candl es At a hei ght ab*ve gr ound det er mi nedby t he sel ect ed set t i ng on t he mechani cal t i me f uze, These candl esf al l t o t he gr ound end cmt t i nue t o bur n f or t hei r pr escr i bed t i me.Candl e, may be of t ho nondel ay or expl odi ng t ype.

116,

F1LXCTI CF: RCI "MBS.

Pr act i ce bombs ( f i g. 85) ar e pr ovi dedf or t r ai ni ng i n mar ksmanshi p- They may be sand- l oaded at pai ntof use and r r aay cont ai n a l oi n- expl osi ve spot t i ng char ge; f or someuses, such as agai nst wat er t ar get s, t he spot t i ng char ge may becaai t t ed. These bombs si mul at e cor r espondi ng ser vi ce bombs of t hef r agmei nHt i on and demol i t i on Jype, ,

11 .. .

DRI LL 11{ ?M13S.

Compl et el y i ner t Numbs and component sar e pr ovi ded f or t r ai ni ng of gr ound cr ews i n assembl i ng and handl i ngoper at i ons . They ar e t he same si ze and shape as st andar d bombs.Dr i l l bombs ar e made up f r om t he met al par t s of ser vi ce bombs,i ner t - l ( xded whet ) necessar y .

1111. FUZES.a. Gener al .( 1) A f uze i s a mechani cal devi ce desi gned t o i ni t i at e a t r ai n

of t i r e or a det onat i on under t he ci r cumst ances desi r ed . Fuzes ar ecl assi f i ed accor di ng t o posi l ! Un as nose, t ai l , and t r ansver se, and r sccor d-i ng t o t ype of f unct i oni ng as t i me, i mpact , and pr essur e. Ti me f uzesf unct i on a pr edet er mi ned number of seconds af t er r el ease. I mpact

778121

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Par . 118

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ARMI NGWI REHOLDER

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TM 9- 1404

For . 118Cl sssos of Ammuni l i on

f uzes f unct i ons when t he bomb st r i kes a r esi st ant mat er i al ,

Pr essur ef uzes f unct i on i n r esponse t o wat er pr essur e ( hydr ost at i c) or ai rpr essur e ( r oncusr i on) , 1n1paet t ut ee ar e cl assi f i ed as del ay whent hey have a def i ni t e t i me l ag bet ween i mpact and expl osi on of t heLamb, and as super qui ck ( nose) or nondel ay ( t ai l ) when t her e i sno del ay .

Del ay i n f uzes var i es f r oma f r act i on of a second t o manyhour s and may be pr ovi ded by a cl ockwor k mechani smor a chemi calr eact i on . Some del ay f uzes ar e equi pped wi t h an ant i handl i ngdevi ce t o f unct i on on an at t empt t o def uze t he bomb.

( 2) Bomb f uzes ar e shi pped i n a " saf e" condi t i on . They ar econst r uct ed so t hat t hey cannot f unct i on when t hey er e " saf e" ( un-ar l ned) . Most f uzes ar e desi gned so t hat an ar mi ng wi r e may bepassed t hr ough par t s of t he f uze, mechani cal l y r est r ai ni ng t he f i r i ngpi n or keepi ng el ement s of t he f uze mechani sm out of posi t i on unt i lt hey ar e moved i nt o f unct i oni ng posi t i on, gener al l y by t he r ot at i onof t hr Ar mi ng vane. The ar mi ng vanes or si mi l ar ar mi ng mechani sms; , r e hel d i n pl ace by a f i ef et y cot t er pi n whi ch i s r epl aced by t hear mi ng wi r e upon l oadi ng of t he bomb i nt o an ai r cr af t . Dr oppi ngt he bomb causes t he ar mi ng wi r e t o be wi t hdr awn, whi ch per mi t st he f uze t o ar m. Ar mi ng- i n- t ype f uzes may ar m i mmedi at el y onwi t h4j r Awal ci f t he ar mi ng wi r e or may have an ar mi ng del ay el ement ,t i med by a cl ockwor k mechani sm or, a powder t r ai n, whi ch del aysar mi ng unt i l a f i xed t i me has el apsed. I n ar mi ng- vane- t ype f uzes,t he vane i s r ot at ed by t he ai r st r eam as t he bomb f al l s, a f i xednumber Of t ur ns bei ng r equi r ed t o ar m t he f uze.

( 3)

Bomb f uses ar e gener al l y st r i pped separ at e f r om ot her bombcomponent s

i n most cases i n t he assembl y of f uzes t o bombs, t ool sar e not used.

b.

Nose f uzxa.

Nose f uzes, i n gener al , ar e hel d unar med by t hepr esence of sAf et y bl ocks bet ween t he st r i ker and t he f uze body,t hus pr event i ng t he f i r i ng pi n f r om bei ng dr i ven i nt o t he pr i mer ,Most nose f uzes have a pr i mer , del ay el ement , det onat or , and boost erassembl ed i n t he f uze body.

The wor ki ng par t s Of t he f uxeXxceptt he ar mi ng mechani sm and st r i ker head- ar e pr ot ect ed by t he bombcase, t hug avoi di ng t he possi bi l i t y of t he f uze bei ng cr ushed oni mpact bef or e i t can f unct i on ( f i gs, 9$, 99, and 100) .

i - . Tai l f uzed. Tai l f uzes, i n gener al , ar e hel d unar med by anar mi ng st em scr ewed i nt o t he i ner t i a- t ype f i r i ng pi n. I n t hese f uzes,t he boost er i s not assembl ed t o t he f uze but t o t he adapt er - boost erWhi ch i s assembl ed t o t he bomb ( f i g, 101) . For some f uzes, t hepr i mer - det onot or assembl ed t her et o may be changed i n t he f i el d f orot her pr i mer - det on&t ar s of ot her del ay act i ons .

d. hydr ost at i c and coneumi on f uzes. Hydr ost mi c f uzes ( f i gs.102 and 103) act udder t he i nf l uence of wat er pr essur e t o expl t r ct et he t omb a pr edet er mi ned dept h bel ow t he sur f ace of t he wat er .

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Fi gur e 103 - Pochi ng of Bomb Fi n Assembf l r

159

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Par .

T ] 9

Pam 118- 121

TM 9- 1900Cl asws of 4mmuni l i on

Concut f i i on f uzes act i n r esponse t o t he concussi on wave f r om t heexpl osi on of t he pr ecodi ng bor nb i n a sal vo. Bot h of t hese f i l esf unct i on on t he pr i nci pl e of a bel l ows or di aphr agm wor ki ng agai nsta spr i ng of f i xed st r engt h. When t he ext er nal pr essur e over comest he r esi st ance of t he spr i ng, t he f i r i ng pi n i s r el eased and dr i venagai nst t he pr i mer b spr i ng act i on, I n sor ne f ur eNpf ovl sl on i s madef or adj ust ment by a mechazr i st n cont r ol l i ng t he compr engi on of t hedi aphr agmbVr i ng,

119. PACKI NG AND HARKI NC.a.

Packi ng,

I n gener al , bombs ar e sbi l aped unf uzed wi t h t he f uzehol es cl osed by met al shi ppi ng pl ugs . These pl ugs ar e not t o ber emovccl except f or i nspect i on and f or assembl y of t he compl et er ound. Lame bombs ar e shi pped wi t h t wo paper or met al shi ppi nghands whi ch pr ot ect t he suspensi on ] t ags .

The f i n ansembl i es of suchbombs ar e shi pped separ at el y i n met al cr at es, Smal l er bombs ar eshi pped f i nned, i n r net gl cr at es. Smal l chemi cal and f r agment at i onbombs ar e packed i n wooden boxes .

Fuzes ar e packed i n i ndi vi dualseal ed cont ai ner s and wooden boxes ( f i gs. 1114 and 105) ,

h. T* I xr ki ng .( 1) Wher ever appr opr i at e, t he col or scheme used f or pai nt i ng

t he bombs ( chap. 1, sec . I I ) i s uged on t he packi ng boxes or cr at es .Ai l i nf or mat i on f or i dent i f i cat i on and di r ect i pns f or shi ppi ng ar emar ked on cont ai ner s f or bombs and component s, and on t he bombbodi es when no cont ai ner i s used.

( 2)

A l i st of al l separ at e component s r equi r ed f or t he compl et er ound i s somet i mes st enci l ed on t he shi ppi ng cont ai ner i n Xvhi cl ct hese component s ar e or di nar i l y packed. Usual l y, however , t hesecomponent s ar e st or ed separ at el y and t he wor d " WI THOUT" i sst enci l ed above t he l i st of component s on t he shi ppi ng cont ai ner .

I ft he separ at e component s ar e packed wi t h t hei r r espect i ve bomb orf i n assembl y f or shi pmozt t , t he wor d ' ` WI THOUT' i 8 obl i t er at ed.

Sect i on YI

PYROTECHNI CS

120. I : H, NLM, I I , . Mi l i t ar y pyr ot echni cs ( f i g . 106) ar e f i r ewor kswhi ch pr oduce a br i l l i ant l i ght f or i l l umi nat i on, or smokes and l i ght sf or si gnal i ng, i n mi l i t ar y oper at i ons.

121. CLASSI FI CATI ON.a. Accor di ng t o use, pyr ot echni cs Ar e cl assi f i ed as :( 1) AI RCRAFT TYPYS. Or i gi nal l y desi gned f or use f r om or by

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( 2)

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122. PYROTECHNI C COMPOSI TI ONS.

123.

VI SI U9I LTYY ( OF' PYROT1 CI MI C SI GNALS.

124. FLARFS.

TM 9- 1900

( 1) I LLUMI NANT9. Fl ar eS f or i l l umi nat i on f or a speci f i c l engt hof t i me, and phot of l ash bombs f or an i nst ant aneous f l ash f or ni ghtphot ogr aphy.

( 2) SI GNALS. Li ght s or smokes of var i ous col or s f or t r ansmi s-si on of messages.

c .

Any of t he above t ypes when pr ovi ded wi t h a par achut e i sdesi gnat ed as a par achut e t ype,

a- Pyr ot echni c composi t i ons ar e a mi xt ur e of chemi cal s whi chpr oduce i l l umi nat i on .

h, pyr ot echni cs gener al l y f unct i on by means of an i gni t er t r ai nsi mi l ar t o t he expl osi ve t r ai n. I n gener al , i t i s i ni t i at ed by a pr i mermi xt ur e and i nt ensi f i ed key a " f i r st f i r e compound" whi ch pr oper l yi gni t es t he l umi nous candl e.

e.

St andar d pyr ot echni c composi t i ons, i n gener al , consi st of com-pounds t o pr ovi de oxygen f or bur ni ng, such as per chl or at es andni t r at es ; powder ed al umi num or magnesi um f or f uel ; sal t s of " i um,bar i um, copper , or st r ont i um f or col or ; and mat er i al s such as asphal tand par af f i n f or bi ndi ng and wat er pr oof i ng.

a, The pr i nci pal f act or s cont r ol l i ng t he ef f ect i veness of pyr o-t echni cs ar e desi gn, posi t i on and at mospher i c condi t i ons .

( 1)

Fact or s of desi gn i ncl ude candl epower , col or , and degr ee ofsepar at i on of t he par t s of a composi t e si gnal .

( 2) Fact or s of posi t i on i ncl ude hei ght at whi ch t he f l ar e orsi gnal f unct i ons ; di st ance of obser ver f r om si gnal ; di st ance of f l ar ef r om obj ect i ve t o be i l l umi nat ed; backgr ound; and r el at i ve posi t i onof f l ar e, obj ect i ve, and obser ver .

( 3)

At mospher i c condi t i ons i ncl ude cl ar i t y of at mospher e ; t i me( day or ni ght ) ; pr esence of haze, f og, dust , r ai n, or snow; and t hecol or and br i ght ness of t he sky.

l ) , Tabl es of vi si bi l i t y, dMi ngui shabi l i t y, and di st ance ar e pub-l i shed i n TM9- 1981.

a. Fl ar es ar e used t o pr ovi de i l l umi nat i on f or r econnai ssance,obser vat i on, bombar dment , l andi ng, and pr act i ce f i r i ng of ant i ai r -cr af t guns . Whi l e t he det ai l s of f l ar es var y wi t h t hei r pur pose, al lhave cer t ai n common char act er i st i cs { f i gs. 107, 108, and 109) :

TM9. 1904

Cl asaegX 01 Ammuni t i on

Par . 124

Fur s . 124- 125

I M 9- 1900Cl asses of At r ur zuni i i on

Fi gur e T09 - Psucchuf e Ai r cr af t Fl ay& Mf ?A JRA PC 44447

( 1) Pr oduct i on of a whi t e or yel l owi sh l i ght of hi gh i nt ensi t yr angi ng f r om 60, 000 candl epower f or 1 i ni nut e t o 1, 040, 000 candl e-power f or 3 mi nut es or l onger .

( 2) Par achut e suppor t , t o r et ar d t hei r speed of f al l , t hus pr o-vi di ng ef f i ci ent i l l umi nat i on f or obser vat i on,

( 3)

Del ayed i gni t i on, t o assur e t hei r r eachi ng a speci f i ed al t i t udebef or e i gni t i on. I gni t i on i s ususi l y cont r ol l ed by t he openi ng of t hepar achut e by means of a wi r e at t ached t o t he par achut e cabl e nrshack absor ber , t hi s wi r e pul l i ng i gni t i on wi r es t hr ough t he i gni t i ngcomposi t i on, The f 3ame t hus pr oduced i s t hen car r i ed by qui ck-mat ch t o t he pr i mer , f i r st - f i r e char ge, and t he i l l umi nant composi t i onof t he candl es,

h.

Fl ar es f or use bel ow a pl ane, such as t hose i nt ended f or bom-bar dment pur poses, ar e pr ovi ded wi t h shades t o shi el d t he bom-bar di er s f r om t he gl ar e.

e.

Fl ar es t hat ar e t o be r el eased f r om l aunchi ng t ubes or r acksar e equi pped wi t h a hangwi r e assembl y whi ch i s at t ached t o t hear mi ng pawl of t he t ube or r ack . The f l ar es may be r el eased " ar med"or " saf e. " When t he f l ar e i s r el eased " ar med, " t he har ` gwi r e r emai nsat t ached t o t he pl ane and pul l s out t he par achut e or st abi l i zi ngsl eeve. A sect i on of sof t met al t ear wi r e enabl es t he f l ar e t o br eakf r ee. I f r el eased " saf e, " i t wi l l not f unct i on i n t he ai r but may i gni t eon i mpact . Thi s possi bi l i t y most be kept i n mi nd i n r el easi ng f l ar essaf e over f r i endl y t er r i t or y,

r l .

The f l ar e pr ovi ded as a t ar get f or bot h day and ni ght pr act i cef i r i ng of ant i ai r cr af t guns, i s t owed by a pl ane at t he end of a st eelcabl e. See f i gur e 310.

t 25,

PHOTOFLASH BOMBS, Thi s ammuni t i on i t em ( f i g. 111) ,cal l ed " bomb" because of i t s expl osi ve nat ur e, pr ovi des a br i l l i antl i ght of shor t dur at i on f or ni ght phot ogr aphy_ A phot of l ash bombwhi ch i s dr opped saf e, or whose f uze f ai l s t o f unct i on, may det onat eon i mpact ,

The f l ash f r omphot of l ash bombs, even at di st ances pr e-scr i bed as saf e f r om bomb f 7Hgment s, i s i nj ur i ous t o t he eye because

164

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GREEN- GREENAI RCRAFT, DOUBLE - STAR, AN- MOD

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of i t s br i l l i ant f l ash. The phot of l ash bomb M46 pr oduces a f l ashwhi ch r eaches an i nt ensi t y of 504 t o 700 mi l l i on candl epower f orappr ox' i m' at el y 0. 02 second and f unct i ons f r om 5 t o 90 seconds, de-pendi ng on set t i ng of i t s mechani cal t i me f uze.

a.

These si gnal s ar e t i r ed f r ompyr ot echni c di schar ges whi ch ar edescr i bed i n TM9- 290.

The si gnal s ar e pr ovi ded f or si gnal i ng f r omai r cr af t t o ot her ai r cr af t or t o gr ound uni t s .

They may al so be f i r edon t he gr ound. Ther e ar e t wo t ypes of ai r cr af t si gnal s-

( 1)

The r i ml ess t ype, assembl ed i n an al umi num or pl ast i c- st eelbar r el . The bar r el i s i . » t he shape of a cyl i ndr i cal cup v' hi ch i sgr ooved near t he base or cl osed end.

The pr i mer i s pr essed i nt o t hecent er of t he base. A pr ess f i t i dent i f i cat i on t op ( cl osi ng t op) i scement ed i n t he opposi t e end. ( See f i g. 112. )

( a)

The car t r i dge t ype, assembl ed i n a cyl i ndr i cal shel l t o whi cha met al or pl ast i c head, cont ai ni ng t he pr i mer , i s cr i mped.

The op-posi t e end i s cl osed wi t h a car dboar d wad or pr ess f i t met al di scwhi ch i s col or ed and mar ked t o i ndi cat e t ype of si gnal. I n appear -ance, i t r esembl eq a l ar ge shot gun shel l ( f i g, 113) .

TM4- 1900

Omens of Ammuni hon

Fi gur e ? 16 - Par achut e Tr i p Fl ar e 11148

par . 127

Pt A PP a" r t

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Par , 117

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f l oat , nose down, i n t he wat er and emi t smoke and f l ame f r om a hol ei n t he t ai l f or as l ong as 17 mi nut es, ser vi ng as a r ef er ence poi nt f orai r navi gat i on at ni ght .128.

SLI CK MARKER.

Thi s i t em { f i g_ 115) i s used t o pr oduce aper si st ent sl i ck f or r ef er ence poi nt s on t he wat er . I t cont ai ns af l uor escent dye i n a paper Composi t i on case whi ch shat t er s upon i m.pact wi t h t he wat er and f or ms a sl i ck whi ch may be vi si bl e f or 10mi l es at 3, 000 f eet al t i t ude.129.

SMOKEGREMADES. Bot h whi t e and col or ed smoke gr enadesmay be used f or si gnal i ng.

( See chapt er 2, sect i on I I . )130. GROUND TYPE FL4RES.

a.

Ai r por t f l ar es ar e used on t he gr ound t o pr ovi de i l l umi nat i onf or ai r pl ane l andi ngs at emer gency f i el ds or i n case of power f ai l ur eat ai r por t s.

175

Par . 134

TM 9- 1900

Gf ar r yaw of Ammuni t i on

176

nt

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TM 9- 1400

Pam, 130- 134

1, 32. GROLNI I SI GNALS.


177

6. Tr i p f l ar es Ur e pr i mar i l y used t o gi ve war ni ng; of enemymar auder s or i nf i l t r at i ng hoet i l e t r oops . Secondar y use of t he t r i pf l ar e i s f or i l l umi nat i on of such t r oupe or f or si gnal i ng . Thev ar esi mi l ar t o booby t r aps i n t hat t hey ar e l ef t i n t he pant of an ad-vanci ng enemy end depend upon some act i on of t he ehenl y f ori ni t i at i on. One model r esembl e~ a boundi ng ant i per sonnel mi ne( hg, 116) , si t i oe i t pr opel s a shel l cont ai ni ng a par achut e- suppor t edcandl e i nt o t he ai r 300 t o 500 f eet hi gh wher e t he candl e i s i gni t edand expel l ed f r omt he shel l case,

Anot her r esembl es i s hand gr enadei n si ze and shape ( f i g, 117) wi t h t he addi t i on of a br ar Xket f or at t ach-ment t o a t r ee or post and a t r i gger mechani sm f or f i r i ng_ Unl i kehand gr enades, t he f uze has no del ay Oement _

131,

MLI I MI N. ATMG' SHELLS. These pyr ot echni c i t ems ar e pr o-vi ded f or i l l umi nat i on by gr ound t r oops of obj ect i ves beyond t he r angeof ot her f l ar es . They ar e f i r ed t r am mor t ar s or ar t i l l er y cannon andcont ai n a f l ar e candl e, par achut e and t i me f uze, ( See chapt er 2, sec-t i ons I I I and I 6' . )

a.

St andar d gr ound si gnal s ( f i g_ 118) ar e l aunched by means ofgr enade l auncher s Ml , M7, and NI S at t ached t o cal i ber , 30 r i f l es orcar bi nes .

These si gnal s consi st of t he si gnal assembl y and t he st abi -l i zer f i n assembl y .

The si gnal s may be gr een, amber , r ed, or whi t e i ncol or and may be of t he par achut e t ype or f i vest ar cl ust er t ype.

Anew ser i es of gr ound si gnal s pr oduces r ed, or ange, gr een, vi ol et , oryel l ow smoke.

b.

The hi gh- bur st - r angi ng si gnal I v127 ( f i g_ 119) i s f i r ed f r omt hegr ound si gnal l auncher MI AI ; t he hi gh- bur st - r angi ng si gnal M27AI B1( f i g . 119) i s f i r ed f r omst andar d gr enade l auncher s si mi l ar t o st andar dgr ound si gnal s .

Thi s. si gnal si mul at es t he hi gh bur st of ar t i l l er y shel lf or r angi ng pr act i ce_

I t r i ses t o an al t i t ude of appr oxi mat el y 550 f eetwhen f i r ed f r omt he gr ound l auncher M1A1 mi d appr oxi mat el y 700f eet when f i r ed f r omt he gr enade l auncher . The bur st i s accompani edby a f l ash, a puf f of gr ay smoke, and a noi se whi ch can be hear d f ara di st ance of at l east 2, 000 yar ds,

1: 33. DI STRESS SI GNAL. Thi s si gnal i s f or use at sea, I t i sassembl ed i n ar e al l met al body and i s not adver sel y af f ect ed bypr ol onged expo.; ur e t o wat er vapor . The di st r ess si gnal M75 has asel f - cont ai ned pr oj ect or and t he si gnal s M13 ar e f or use wi t h t hepyr ot echni c pr oj ect or M1p.

134.

FLASHAND Sf ) LN17 SI GNAL,

The f l ash and sound si gnalM74 i s i nt ended pr i mar i l y f or cont r ol umpi r es t o si mul at e ai r bur stof ar t i l l er y f i r e f or t r ai ni ng t r oops. I t i s f i r ed f r om t he pyr ot echni c

Par . 134

Cl aus of Ammuni t i on

178

TM9- 1900

TM 9- 1904

Paws . 134- 136Cl asses of Ammuni t i on

Fi gur e l 23 - Pocki ng Box f or Gr ound Si gnal s

pi st ol M$ or t he hand pyr ot echni c pr oj ect or M9,

I n appear ance i t i ssi mi l ar t o t he car t r i dge t ype ai r cr af t si gnal s,

At an el evat i on of 45degr ees, t he hei ght of bur st of t he si gnal i 8 about 100 f eet

135.

REl } FUSEE. The 20- Mi nut er ed f usee M72 i s si mi l ar t o commer ci al t ype f usses,

I t consi st s of a cyl i ndr i cal paper t ube f i l l ed wi t hr ed f l ar e composi t i on and a shar p nai l pr ot r udi ng t hr ough t he woodenbot t ompl ug, Amat ch head i mbedded i n t he t op of t he f l ar e cor n-, posi t i on may be i gni t ed wi t h a st r i ki ng composi t i on bl ock.

10i .

I DENTI FI CATI ON. I n addi t i on t o t he st andar d mar ki ngs andpai r nt i ng ( chap. 1, sec. 11) , var i et i es of one t ype of si gnal car r y, as ameans of i dent i f i cat i on among t hemsel ves, mar ki ngs as f ol l ows :

a.

Ai r cr af t si gnal s ar e di st i ngui shed by t he col or and embossi ngon t he i dent i f i cat i on t op ( out er wad) , and by bands i n t he col or oft he si gnal pr oduced.

179

TM 9- 1940

Par s . 138- 144Cl ass" of Ammuni t i on

138, PACKI NG. Due consi der at i on i s gi ven i n packi ng of pyr o-t echni cs t o pr event cont act wi t h moi st ur e_ Pyr ot echni cs ar e packedi n met al - l i ned or unl i ned, nai l ed or wl r ehound wooden boxes. Thosei n unl i ned boxes ar e pl aced i n i nner cont ai ner s consi st i ng of seal edcor r ugat ed boar d car t ons, cyl i ndr i cal f i ber cont ai ner s, or met al con-t ai ner s . The car t ons ar e di pped i n par af f i n t o pr ot ect t he cont ent sf r om moi st ur e. See f i gur es 120, 121, 122, and 113.

1 ; 14) . CLASSI FI CATI ON.

Sect i on YI IROCKETS

1: 39.

GENERA) . .

Ar ocket i s a pr oj ect i l e whi ch i s pr opel l ed by t her eact i on, or r ecoi l , f r om di schar gi ng a j et of gas t o t he r ear at hi ghvel oci t y.

The -gas 1, , 9 pr oduced by t he bur ni ng of a pr opel l i ng char gewi t hi n t he r ocket i t sel f .

A mi l i t ar y r ocket consi st s of a head, or shel l ,and a mot or , The head cont ai ns t he expl osi ve or chemi cal char geand a f uze; i t i s si mi l ar i n f unct i on t o an ar t i l l er y shel l or a bond) ,The mot or consi st s of a t ube Cl osed at one end and const r i ct ed neont he ot her t o f or m a no2zl e; i t cont ai ns t he pr opel l i ng char ge andan i gni t er . Pi ns may be At t ached t o t he mot or t o st abi l i ze t he r ocket i nf l i ght . The pr i nci pal Advant ages of r acket ammuni t i on ar e t hat i ti mpar t s l i t t l e or no r ecoi l t o t he weapon and does not r equi r e a r i f t edbar r el . A f ur t her advant age l i es i n t hat t he f or ceH of set back ar espr ead over a l ong per i od of acccl er al i on r at her t han concent r at ed i na shor t t i me as i n a gun. Consequent l y r ocket pr opul si on can beused f or l i ght er ase mi ssi l es of hi gh capaci t y wi t h f uzes of mor e f r agi l econst r uct i on. The di sadvant ages ar e, t hat pr ot ect i on i s r equi r edagai nst t he bl ast of hot gas f r omt he t ai l of t he r ocket , and t hat r acketdi sper si on i s gr eat er t han t hat of shel l of si mi l ar cal i ber . The weaponused i n f i r i ng t he r ocket i s desi gnat ed a l auncher si nce i t ser ves onl yt o gi ve t he r ocket i t s i ni t i al di r ect i on and does not pr oj ect t he t ocketas a gun or mor t ar ,

a.

Rocket s at e cl assi f i er ) accor di ng t o t he f i l l er of t he r ocket headas expl osi ve, chemi cal , pr act i ce, or t ar get ( f i gs . 16 and 124 t hr ough131) ,

1) .

Expl osi r i , r ucket 6.

Expl ooi ve r ocket s cont ai n a hi gh- expl osi vef i l l er and, ar c f ur t her cl assi f i ed as ;

( 1)

HI GH- EXPLOSI VE ( HE) , whi ch has a r el at i vel y l ar ge char geof expl osi ve f or bl ast , f r agment at i on, or r ui ni ng ef f ect at t he t ar get .

( 2)

HI G11- EXPLOSI VE, AI MTANH ( HE, AT) , whi ch cont ai ns a spe-ci al shaped expl o5i zr e char ge par t i cul ar l y ef f ect i ve agai nst ar mor .

( 3)

DEMOLI TI ON, whi ch has an except i onal l y t hi n case and a cor -r espondi ngl y l ar ge char ge of hi gh expl osi ve .

Par s . 136- 137


1. i ,

Same gr ound si gnal s ar e di st i ngui shed by t he col or and em-bossi ng on t he f i n, ot her = by t he col or and embossi ng on t he i dent i f i ca-t i on t op,

+". For i nf or mat i on of t ho; e i nst al l i ng Sxr es MSAI and M24 i nai r cr af t , t he wor d " FRONT" i s st enci l ed on t he f r ont of t he case andt he l ocat i on of suspensi on bandy i s i ndi cat ed by bl ack bends pai nt edon t he case.

d.

Over - age and subst i t ut e COmposi t i ot i f l ar es assi gned t o t r ai ni ngwi l l have a bl ue band appr oxi myt el y 2 i nches wi de pai nt ed ar oundt he body i mmedi at el y bel ow t he l abeL These f l ar es may al so f eest enci l ed " FORTRAI NI NGUSEONLY" .

1; 37 . CARF, I l _t ADURG, AND PRESLRVATI ON. Pyr ot echni cscont ai n mat er i al of an i nt r i nsi cal l y hazar dous nat ur e. I n gener al , t hesame r egul at i ons appl y t o pyr ot echni cs as f or ot her t ypes of am-muni t i on, cover ed i n chapt er 3, sect i ons I and I I . I n addi t i on, t hef ol l owi ng wi l l be obser ved .

a,

Pyr ot echni cs ar e pr ot ect ed f r ommoi st ur e by moi st ur epr oof her -met i cal l y scal ed cont ai ner s . When cont ai ner s showsi gns of dampnessor moi st ur e, t hey wi l l be opened and i f t her e i s evi dence of moi st ur eon t he pyr ot echni cs, t hey wi l l be dest r oyed by aut hor i zed and exper i -enced per sonnel , As pyr ot echni cs ar e ver y hygr oscopi c, t hey shoul dnot be r emoved f r om st andar d packi ngs any sooner t han necessar ypr i or t o use.

h.

Besi des t he hazar dous pyr ot echni c composi t i ons, pyr ot echni cscont ai n sensi t i ve el ement s, such as f uzes, f r i ct i on composi t i ons, andpr i mer s, Di sassembl y of pyr ot echni cs or component s i s pr ohi bi t ed.Boxes cont ai ni ng si gnal s whi ch ar e di schar ged by per cussi on pr i mer sshoul d be pl aced f l at wi t h t he t op of t he box up. Pr ot eLt i ve or saf et ydevi ces shoul d not be r emoved unt i l i i i st bef or e use, Car e shoul dbe t aken t o avoi d damage t o f i l - v ; r cases : and par achut e pul l - out cor ds_pyr ot echni cs, especi al l y pr oj ect ed t ypes whi ch ar e ser i ousl y dent edor def or med wi l l not be used, as a damaged bar r el or Case mi ght causea r ound t o become l oddi. A i n t he bar e of t he pr oj ect or .

I t shoul d bekept i n mi nd t hat phot of l ash powder i s as hazar dous as bl ack powder .

e: .

St or age of pyr ot echni cs i s descr i bed i n chapt er 3 .d,

The i ncendi ar y ef f ect of pyr ot echni c mat er i al shoul d be kepti n mi nd i n usi ng such mat er i al i n t he vi ci ni t y of dr y br ush and gr ass .

e.

Pyr ot echni c' mat er i al i s poi sonous t o men and ani mal s i f t akeni nt er nal l y.

f .

Dur i ng maneuver s u+' er t er r ai n, ot her t han mi l i t ar y r eser vat i ons,t he l ocat i on of dud f l ar es and phot of l ash bombs wi l l be obser ve<l andr epor t ed.

The duds wi l l be ; ought out and dest r oyed, as soon as poa-si hl e, as i nst r uct ed i n chapt er 4,

Par . 140

TM 9- 1900C1assu of Ammuni t i on

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f i gur e 124- Rocket WASand Pr act i ce Rocket M7A6

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HCSMOKE R0CXET T21E1

( A&11LKI Nc N xsuoWJRA PD 104M

f i gur e 123 - 2. 36- i nch Sr nak4 I t ocket s

Chemi cal r ocket s.

Chemi cal r ocket s cont ai n f i l l er s of chem-i cal agent s whi ch ar e Cl assi f i ed as:

( 1) GI GS, whi ch pr oduces a casual t y or har aasi nK ef f ect on per -sonnel ,

( 2) SMOKE, whi ch pr oduces a cl oud of smoke f or scr eeni ng orsi gnal i ng .

Ym 9- 1900

Par _ 140Cl asses of Ammuni t i on

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f i gur e 127- 4. 5- i nch Rocket sRA FD 8936+14

TM 9- 1900

Par . 140

Cl i mmoi Ammuni t i on

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Par s . 140- - 142

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Fi gur e 124 - 7. 24ach HE ! l ocket T37 - Assembl ed

d.

Pr act i ce r ocket s .

Pr act i ce r ocket shel l s ar e l oaded wi t h i ner tmat er i el t o t he wei ght of t he cor r espondi ng ser vi ce r ocket .

The f uzemay be i ner t or may cont ai n a spot t i ng char ge.

The mot or f or t hepr act i ce r ocket i s t he same as t hat of t he cor r espondi ng ser vi ce r ound.

e. Tar get r ocket s . Tar get r ocket s ar e suppl i ed t o f ur ni sh f astmovi ng f l yi ng t ar get s f or aut omat i c AA gun pr act i ce.

141 .

1DFNr CI FI CAT1( ) N. Rocket s, i n common wi t h ot her t ypes ofammuni t i on, ar e i dent i f i ed by t he st at t dar d nomencl at ur e and l otnumber of t he i t em.

Such i dent i f i cat i on i s mar ked on al l cont ai ner sand, unl ess t he i t emi s t oo smal l , on t he ammuni t i on i t sel f .

The basi ccol or scheme f or pai nt i ng and mar ki ng on t he ammuni t i on i s gi ven i nchapt er 1, sect i on 11 and i l l ust r at ed i n f i gur e 16,

142. C( 1NI PONENTS.a. For f l exi bi l i t y of suppl y, a compl et e r ound, as i ssued, may

cont ai n al t er nat i ve component s, onl y one of whi ch may be used. Thecompl et e r ound may be i ssued as a si ngl e assembl ed i t emor as sepa-r at e component s t o be assembl ed i n t he f i el d.

1) ,

Head.

The head of t he r ocket consi st s of t he l oaded r ocketshel l , and t he f uze.

I t i s usual l y assembl ed t o t he f or war d end of t hemot or , but i n some model s, t he shel l may ext end i nt o t he mot or t ouse t he mot or t ube as an addi t i onal sour ce of f r agment s .

I t car r i est he expl osi ve or chemi cal char ge t o t he t ar get

I t may have t hi n wal l st o i ncr ease i t s capaci t y of expl osi ve f or bl ast ef f ect , i t may have t hi ckwal l s t o penet r at e ar mor bef or e expl odi ng or i t may have wal l s ofmedi umt hi ckness t o pr ovi de a maxi mumnumber of ef f ect i ve f r ag-ment s.

Af uze i s at t ached t o t he mot or t o f unct i on i t at t he t i me andt i nder t he ci r cumst ances desi r ed .

TM 9- 1900

Par . 142

Cl asses of Ar r i r nunhi on

c . Mot or .

6t A Pa 50473A

Fi gur e 130 - 7. 2- i nch H¬ Rocket r 37 - Component s

f i gur e 731 - 7. 2- i nch Chemi cal Rocket T21

( 1)

GP. N" AI -

The r ocket mot or i s assembl ed t o t he r ear of t hehead.

I t consi st s of a hol l ow t ube whi ch i s cl osed at t he f or war d endand has a nozzl e i n t he f or mof a vent ur i t ube at t he r ear ,

The mot orcont ai ns t he pr opel l i ng char ge and t he i gni t er .

Fi ns f or st abi l i zi ng t hef l i ght of t he r ocket ar e at t ached t o t he out si de of t he mot or at t her ear end, except on spi n- st abi l i zed r acket s . Spi n- st abi l i zed r ocket %have sevbr al vent ur i t ubes concent r i cal l y l ocat ed about and al l i n-cl i ned t o t he l ongi t udi nal axi s of t he r ocket i n t he same di r ect i on soas t o pr oduce spi n when t he gases ar e emi t t ed t hr ough t hem.

( 2)

I oNI Txx The i gni t er consi st s of a pr i mer and a char ge ofbl ack powder assembl ed wi t hi n t he mot or .

The pr i mer i s f i r ed byt he beat gener at ed i n a wi r e by el ect r i c cur r ent .

The pr i mer i gni t est he bl ack powder whi ch i n t ur n i gni t es t he pr opel l i ng char ge,

Par . 142

TM 9- 1900

Gl asses of Amr nur ut i or l

Fi gur e 132- Met al Can Packi ng f or Rocket

30

RA Pa 103391

Par . 144

1. 44. PRECAUTI ONS.

Cl asses of Ammuni i i an?M 9- 1900

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Fi gur e 732- Packi ng Box f or 2. 56- i nch HE, A7, and Pr act i ce Rocker s

a.

I n addi t i on t o t he gener al pr ecaut i ons i n chapt er 3, t he pr ecau-t i ons i n t he f ol l owi ng par agr aphs wi l l be obser ved

l , *

Rocket s shoul d be pr ot ect ed agai nst sour ces of hi gh t emper at ur e such as exposur e t o t he di r ect r ays of t he sun.

Those r ocket swhi ch ar e known t o have been exposed t o hi gher t emper at ur es t hant he l i mi t s i ndi cat ed on t he packi ng wi l l not be used. They wi l l bepl aced i n segr egat ed st or age unt i l t hey can be dest r oyed

e.

When r ocket s ar e i nvol ved i n a f i ne, t hei r r ange i s not l i mi t edcompar ed t o ser vi ce r anges, as i s t he case wi t h ot her t ypes of ammuni t i on. Thi s f act shoul d be kept i n mi nd i l l St or i ng r ocket s .

Theyshoul d, i f pr act i cabl e, be kept i n bar r i caded st or age.

TM9- 1900

Cl 4sses of Ammuni t i on

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Par . 144

48d

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V4wL

Par . 144

TM9- 1900Cl asses of Ammuni t i on

192

TM 9- 1900

Par s. 144- 144Cl aseeH of Ammur uf ; on

d,

Chet yki Cal r ocket s st or ed f ar one year wi l l be i nspect ed 100%f or cor r osi on and l eakage,

e.

I f any change i s made i n an i t em, such as sl t er i ng t he pr opel l i ngchar ge f or a di f f er ent t emper at ur e r ange, t he i t emwi l l be mar ked t oi ndi cat e t he t han- gc,

I f t he i t em i s r epacked, t he packi ng%wi l l bemar ked l i kewi se,

f . Car e shoul d b<: exer ci sed t o avoi d dent i ng mot or t ubes andbendi ng t he f i ns. Rocket s wi t h ser i ousl y dent ed t ubes wi l l not i ef i r ed because such dent i ng i ncr eases t he l oadi ng densi t y whi ch maycause danger ous pr essur es on f i r i ng,

Damaged f i ns wi l l cause er r at i cf l i ght .

g.

Rocket s shoul d not be f i xed at t emper at ur es out si de t he l i mi t sspec i f i ecl .

h. Car e shoul d be exer ci sed i n f i r i ng t hr ough a scr een of br ushor t r ees, I n17act wi t h a t wi g or br anch may def l ect t he r acket or causei t t o det onat e.

i .

I n maki ng cannect i ons f or el ect r i cal l y f i r ed r ocket s, car e shoul dbe exer ci sed t o i nsur e t hat al l connect i ons ar e good and t hat t t ni nsu-l at ed sect i ons of t he br i ng ci r cui t ar e pr ot ect ed agai nst shor t ci r cui t .

j .

The bl ast Rr ea t o t he r ear i s speci f i ed f or each t ype of r ocket .Per sonnel and mat er i el must not be per mi t t ed i n t hi s ar ea, af t er al auncher i s pr epar ed f or f i r i ng unt i l t he r ocket has been f i r ed or t hel auncher unl oaded. I f pr act i cabl e, combust i bl e mat er i al shoul d ber emoved f r omt hi s ar ea.

k.

Ammuni t i on, i ncl udi ng r ocket s f or i mmedi at e use, wi l l not best or ed wi t hi n 100 yar ds behi nd t he f i r i ng poi nt . Nor aUany am-muni t i on be per mi t t ed wi t hi n 10 yar ds t o t he si de of t he f i r i ng poi ntunl ess i t has t he name pr ot ect i on f r om bl ast as i s speci f i ed f or per -sonnel .

195 . PACKI NG AND SHI PPI NG. Smal l r ocket s ar e packed asassembl ed compl et e r ounds i n cyl i ndr i cal seal ed f i ber cont ai ner s whi chi n t ur n ar e packed i n a wooden box . Medi umcal i ber r ocket s ar epacked, unf azed, i n seal ed f i ber cont ai ner s whi ch ar e packed i n cl overl eaf bundl es or wooden boxes . Lar ge cal i ber r ocket heads andmot or s ar e packed , separ at el y,

Poi nt f uzes ar e packed i n seal ed i ndi .vi dual cont ai ner s whi ch, i n t ur n, ar e packed i t wooden boxes,

Basef uzes ar e assembl ed t o t he r ocket shel l , as i ssued, See f i gur es 132t hr ough 135 and ORD11 SNL S- 9.

146. SUBCALI BER ROCKETS. As i s t he case wi t h subcal i berr ounds f or ar t i l l er y weapons, subcal i ber r ocket s ar e used f or l ar gecal i ber r ocket l auncher s,

Pur l . 147- I 49

TM 9- 1900

Gl asses of Ammuni t i on

Sect i on VI I I

LAND MI NES

147 .

GFNVHAL.

Al l t ypes of l and mi nes consi st of a hi gh- expl osi vechar ge whi ch i s det onat ed by a mecbani cal or chemi cal devi ce( known as t he f uze) when act uat ed by vehi cl e or per sonnel . Anexpl osi ve- cont ai ni ng adapt er , known as an act i vat or , i s used wi t hsome mi nes so t hat st andar d Engi neer Cor ps f i r i ng devi ces may bei nst al l ed f or secondar y i ni t i at i on, such as ant i l i f t i ng devi ces.

1411. CLASSI FI CATI ON. Land mi nes ar e cl assi f i ed accor di ng t ouse as ant i t ank or ant i per sonnel Had al so, as ser vi ce, pr act i ce, ordummy.

149. METALLI C ANTI TANK MI NES.a. Pur pose. Ant i t ank mi nes ar e i nt ended t o i mmobi l i ze and

dest r oy t r acked or wheel ed vehi cl es. Det ai l s of const r uct i on andper f or mance of i ndi vi dual mi nes ar e cover ed i n TM9- 1940 andper f or mance and met hods of handl i ng ar e cover ed i n FM5- 31, LandMi nes and Booby Tr aps .

b.

r anl i t auk nmi ne&- ol der t uadel s . The ant i t ank r ni t t i es MLA1and M4 ar e cyl i ndr i cal st eel cases, appr oxi mat el y 3 1/ 2 i nches hi ghand 81/ , i nches i n di amet er , f i l l ed wi t h about 5 1/ 2 pounds of hi ghexpl osi ve. A f uze, i ssued separ at e f r om t he mi ne body, i s i nser t edi n t he f uze wel l and hel d i n pl ace by a spi der .

Pr essur e of appr oxi -mat el y 500 pounds upon t he spi der by a vehi cl e wi l l cause f unct i on-i ng of t he f uze whi ch det onat es t he expl osi ve char ge of t he mi ne.

Asaf et y f or k assembl ed bet ween t he st r i ker head of t he f uze and t hef uze body pr event s acci dent al i ni t i at i on of t he f uze dur i ng handl i ng.Thi s saf et y f or k must be r emoved t o ar mt he f uze.

The compl et er ound, mi ne and f uze, wei ghs appr oxi mat el y 101/ 2 pounds .

c.

Li ght ant i t ank mi ne.

A l i ght wei ght , f l at , quar t - si zed mi ne ( f i g.1361) f i l l ed wi t h about 3 pounds of hi gh expl osi ve, usual l y t et r yt ol ,i s i nt ended f or ant i t ank use but i t may easi l y be conver t ed f or ant i .per sonnel use. I t can be det onat ed by a f or ce of appr oxi mat el y150 pounds on t he pr essur e pl at e.

A" U" shaped pr essur e pl at e f i t sover t he t op of t he mi ne and cover s t he f uze. A f l exi bl e wi r e r opescr ewed i n one end of t he mi ne ser ves $s a car r yi ng st r ap. Uponr emoval of t he st r ap, t he t hr eaded wel l may be used f or t he i nser t i onof a seoot l dar y f uze. The mi ne i s r ect angul ar i n shape, appr oxi -mat el y 7 i nches l ong by 4 1/ 2 i nches wi de by 2 1/ z i nches hi gh andwei ghs about 4 pounds.

Anumber of f i r i ng devi ces may be used t oguar d agai nst t amper i ng wi t h, or r emoval of , t hi s mi ne. The samechemi cal f uze used i n t he heavy ant i t ank mi ne i s al so used i n t hi smi ne,

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heavy ant i t ank mi ne.

The heavy ant i t ank mi ne i s a hi gh-expl osi ve t ype i nt ended pr i mar i l y f or use agai nst t anks ( f i gs. 137and 138) . I t has a base di amet er of 13 i nches and a maxi mumhei ght of 3 1/ a i nches and i s l oaded wi t h appr oxi mat el y 12 pounds ofTNT. Thi s mi ne r esembl es t he Ger man Tel l er mi ne i n appear ance.The compl et e assembl y wei ghs appr oxi mat el y 20 pounds. The car r y-i ng handl e i s at t ached t o t he bot t om of t he mi ne, Per manent l yassembl ed t o t he mi ne body i s a r ound pr essur e pl at e 7 1A i nches i ndi amet er cont ai ni ng a r ever si bl e pl ug whi ch cover s t he f uze wel lThe pr essur e pl at e i s suppor t ed i nt er nal l y by ci r cul ar ( Bel l evi l l e), pr i ngs. The chemi cal f uze used i n t hi s mi ne i s al so used i n t hel i ght ant i t ank mi ne. A f or ce of appr oxi mat el y 300 pounds on t hepr essur e pl at e i s r equi r ed t o cause t he f uze t o f unct i on. Thi s mi nei s not af f ect ed by st ones, di r t , or moi st ur e.

150. NONMETALLI C ANTI TANK ' NI NES.a.

Pur pow.

Thi s t ype mi ne was devel oped as a count er measur eagai nst met al l i c mi ne det ect or s.

b.

- Nonmet al l i c ant i t ank p1 i n e. Thi s mi ne consi st s of nonmet al l i ccomponent s bot h i n body and f uze.

I t i s appr oxi mat el y 51/ 4 i ncheshi gh and 10 i nches i n di amet er ( f i g, 139) . Appr oxi mat e wei ght ofcompl et e assembl y i s 15 pounds. Thi s mi ne i s pr ovi ded wi t h schemi cal - t ype f uze. An act i vat i on wel l i s pr ovi ded i n t he base oft he mi ne so t hat f i r i ng devi ces may be i mer t ed, i ncl udi ng an ant i -

195

Par e. 154- 151Cl a" es of Ammuni t i on

PRESSUR _ Pi A7L PLUG I N SAFE F05MON- - - /

ACT! VAr OR WFI I .

RA Po 50465

Fi gur e T37- Heor vy Ant i t ank Mi ne M6

TM 9- 1904

l i f t i ng devi ce f or expl odi ng t he mi ne upon pi ckup. Ther e i s nospi der on t he nonmet al l i c mi ne as pr essur e on any par t of t he t opof t he mi ne body wi l l cause t he f use t o f unct i on. Af or ce of appr oxi -mat el y 300 pounds on t he pr essur e pl at e i s r equi r ed t o cause t hef uze t o f unct i on.

1. 51. AN' l i ' I TANK PRACTI CE MI NES.a.

Met al l i c ant i t ank pr act i ce ut i ne. .

The pr act i ce met al l i c mi neM1 has a base di amet er of appr oxi mat el y 83/ a i nches and a maxi -mur n hei ght of 41/ 4 i nches. I t i s si mi l ar t o t he hi gh- expl osi ve mi nebut upon act i vat i on r el eases onl y a puf f of whi t e smoke.

Some l ot sof t hi s mi ne have t he f i l l i ng pl ug i n t he t op of t he mi ne.

The com-pl et e r ound consi st s of t hr ee component s ; an empt y mi nebody ( whi ch has f i ve 1- i nch hol es equal l y spaced ar ound t he si de) ,t he spi der , and t he f uze. Pr act i ce f uzes have t he st r i ker headpai nt ed r ed. The mi ne has t he same wei ght and f unct i ons i n t hesame manner 9s t he hi gh- expl osi ve mi ne and i s used f or t r ai ni ng.I t i s cheap t o manuf act ur e and i s not danger ous.

The MI BI i s apr act i ce met al l i c mi ne and r esembl es t he ser vi ce mi ne except t hatt he f i l l i ng hol e i s i n t he bot t om of t he mi ne body and t hat al l par t sar e manuf act ur ed by . st ampi ng,

I t i s appr oxi mat el y SV4 i nches i ndi amet er and 314 i nches hi gh Thi s mi ne i s send- f i l l ed t o wei ghtbef or e i t i s i ssued f or use i n pr act i ce.


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Cl asses of Ant muni t i or r

PRESSURE PI N

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EXPLOSI VE- COMPARTMENTWALL CERAMI C, GLASS

OI r , PLYWOOD

Fi gur e 139- Nonmet al l i c Ant honk Mi ne M3

TM 9- 1900

RA PA 6" f i $

h. Nonmet al l i c ant i t ank pr act i ce none. The pr act i ce non-met al l i c mi ne i s i dent i cal wi t h t he nonmet al l i c ser vi ce ni ne exceptt hat i t i s f i l l ed wi t h i ner t mat er i al i nst ead of hi gh expl osi ve and i smar ked i n whi t e. Thi s pr act i ce r ni ne has t he same wei ght end f unc-t i ons i n t he sar ne manner as t he ser vi ce mi t r e. The pr act i ce f uzer esembl es t he ser vi ce f uze i n ext er nal appear ance, except f or t hemar ki ng,

Af t er -t he f use i s i ni t i at ed t her e i s a del ay of 2 t o 3 sec-onds . Then a cl oud of smoke i s pr oduced and a char ge i s pr oj ect edsever al f eet i nt o t he ai r wher e i t expl odes wi t h a f l ash and a l oudr epor t .

' 152, PACKI NG ANI I U : HARKI NG OF ANTI TANK NI I NES.a. Met al l i c mi nes MI A1 and M4 ar e packed i n wooden boxes,

each of whi ch cont ai ns f i ve mi nes a" d Rve f uzes . The box i s made

TM9- 1900

Par - I 52Cl asses of Ammuni t i on

199

CAN CONTAI NI NG ACTI VAT{ , 1PCAR SEAL

NA PG 89461

f i gur e 140 - Mef a! Cr at e M153, Cont ai ni ng One Heavy AWhomi aMi ne Md, Wi t h Fuze and Act i vat or

up wi t h a set of pl ywood acpar at ur s. As shi pped, t he f uzes ar e pl acedi n a compar t ment , whi ch occupi es one sect i on at t he end of t he box ;t he f i ve mi nes, wi t h spi der s nest ed t o t he bot t oi ns of t he mi nes, ar epacked i n t he at her f i ve compar t ment p, Tot al wei ght of box i ncI ud-i ng mi nes and f uzes i s 701/ 2 pounds, The nonmet al l i c mi nes ar epacked i n t he same manner , but wi t h f our mi nes and f our f uzes i na box .

Each f uze i s packed i n a her met i cal i y seal ed cont ai ner , t hef uzes bei ng pl aced i n a sect i on i n t he cent er of t he box,

Tot al wei ghtof box i ncl udi ng mi ne; and f uzes i s appr oxi mat el y S$! / 2 pounds . Theheavy mi ne i s pecked i ndi vi dual l y i n a met al cr at e ( Fi g. X40) , t hef uze and t he act i vat or , each i n a her met i cal l y seal ed can, bei ng pl acedi n cor ner s of t he cr at e. Some mi nes ar e packed wi t hout t he act i ve.t ot . Tot al wei ght i s 30%pounds . The l i ght mi ne i s packed i n amet al box cont ai ni ng ei ght mi nes, ei ght f uzes, ei ght car r yi ng handl es,and ei ght cl ot h bags. Tot al wei ght i s 561 pounds.

I l l t hi s met al box,t her e ar e si x campar t ment a. t he t wo out er compar t ment s hol di ngf our f uzes each, each f uze i n a seat ed cont ai ner wi t h f our of t he f uzesi n a car t on. Each of t he f our cent r al compar t ment s cont ai ns t womi nes . The car r yi ng handl es wt d cl ot h bags ar e l ai d on t op of t hecont ent s of t he box .

For . 132

7M 9- 1400

Cl assps o! Ammuni t i on

Fi gur e 14i - Ant i per sonnel Mi ne M2A4, Wi r h M6A1 Fuza

200

TM 9- 1900Cl a8ws of Ammuni t i on

' 1' he boxes cont ai ni ng pr act i ce mi nes ar e pai nt ed wi t h a bl ueband ar ound t he cent er of each box and bl ue cl eat s ot t i t he et i ds ofeach box . Wooden boxes of hi gh- expl osi ve mi nes ar e st ai ned l i ghtbr own wi t h mar ki ng i n yel l ow, - or , mor e r ecent l y, unst ai ned wi t hmar ki ng i n bl ank .

Met al boxes a. - e pai nt ed ol i ve dr ab.

l : i : # . ?I NTI PERSC1NN1L: L M11NFS.

Par s . 152- 153

a.

Pur po6r .

I ssued ant i per sonnel t r i nes ar e st si ndar di zed mecha-ni sms i nt ended f or t 2f f ect agai nst por a, onnei .

11 . " Br auncl i ng" ant i per sounel mi ne. . Thi s mi ne, when f unc-t i oned, t hr ows t o pr oj ect i l e upwar d t o a hei ght of 4 t o 6 f eet . I t hasan of eet i ve r adi us of about 30 f eet The compl et e assembl y wei ghsappr oxi mat el y 5 pounds .

The mi ne l 1As t he appear ance of a smal lmor t ar wi t h an at t ached f i r i ng i l avi oe ( f i g, 141) . The pr oj ect i l e i S

t hr own i nt o t he ai r by t he bunt i ng of smal l pr opel l i ng char ge ofbl ack powder i n t he hasp of t he mi ne.

The mi ne i s pai nt ed ol i vedr ab yi n whi ch t he mar ki ngs ar e i n bl ack ; t he base i s pai nt ed yel l ow,

v, Cast - i r on f r agmr nt ut i on i ni ue. Thi s t ype of ant i per sonnelmi ne r esembl es a br i de ( f i g. 142) . I t i s appr oxi mat el y 5V_ i ncheshi gh. and 3 1I s i nches squar e. Ther e dar e t hr ee t hr eaded wel l s i n t hemi ne body, one i n each of t wo si des and one i n t he end, t o accom.modat e st andar d Cor ps of Engi neer s f i r i ng devi ces ( f uzes) .

Ar el at i vel y heavy change of TNT and t hi ck wal l s pr oduce f r agment a-t i on and bl ast ef f ect . When used above t he gr ound, t he bur 4t i ngr adi us of t hi s mi ne i s gr eat er t l i an t hat of t he boundi ng t ype mi ne.I t i s pai nt ed ol i ve dr ab wi t h mar ki ngs i n bl ack,

d. Pr ocl i ce ant i per sonnel mi ne. The pr act i ce ant i per sonnelmi ne ( f i g, 143) si mul ot cs t he " boundi ng" t ype ant i per sonnel mi ne.The met al par t s sr e t he same as t hose used f or t he ser vi ce mi ne,except f or t he pr oj ect i l e whi ch i s made of car dboar d and t he i gni t erwhi ch cont ai ns i s del ay el ement t o pr ovi de f or a del ayed f unct i oni ngof t he mi ne f our seconds af t er f unct i oni ng of t he f uze. The pr oj ec-t i l e cont ai ns a spot t i ng char ge assembl y whi ch r esembl es a shot gunshel l wi t h a del ay el ement i n pl ace of t he pr i met .

I n or der t hat t hemi ne may be used sever al t i mes, t he r ol l owi ng r epl acement par t s ar ei ssued :

] Pr i mer and i gni t er assembl y .Cap ( cover ) .Pr oj ect de.Spat t i ng char ge.Pr opel l i ng char ge,

e.

Par ki ng and mar ki ng.

The " boundi ng" ant i per sonnel mi ne i specked compl et e wi t h a f i r i ng devi ce and a spool of st eel wi r e i n eccr r ugat ed paper j acket . Ten such cont ai ner s ar e packed i nt o a

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241

Par . 153

TM 9. 1900


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Fi gur e 143 - pr act i ce Andper sonr r et Mi ne M8, Wi t h MI OAI Fuze

203

Par s . 153- . 156

TM 9- 1900Cl asses ul Ammuni t i on

wooden box, whi ch i s st ai ned l i ght br own wi t h mar ki ng i n yel l ow, or ,mor e r ecent l y, unst ai ned wi t h mar ki ng i n bl ack . The cast - i r on f r ag-ment at i on ant i per sonnel mi ne i s packed i n a wooden box cont ai ni ng6 mi ni s, 6 f uzes i n i ndi vi duel cont ai ner s, and 6 spool s of wi r e.The pr act i ce ant i per sonnel mi ne i s packed 2 mi r e bodi es and 2 f uzes,wi t h 20 set s of r epl acement par t s, per wooden box, The box husmar ki ngs i n bl ack, a bl ue cent er band and bl ue ver t i cal ead cl eat s .

Sect i on I X

DEMOLI TI ON MATERI ALS

154. GENERAL. Demol i t i on mat er i al s i ncl ude expl osi ve equi p-ment i nt ended f or dest r uct i on of obst acl es ( by bangal ar e t or pedoes) ,f or t i f i cat i ons ( by shaped char ges) , speci al equi pment ( by dest r uct or s) ,and gener al mat er i al ( by demol i t i on bl ocks) . Most demol i t i onchar ges may he f i r ed el ect r i cal l y by el ect r i c bl ast i ng caps or nor t el ec-t r i cal l y wi t h saf et y f use and nonel ect r i c bl ast i ng cap or del ay det ona-t om.

For det ai l ed i nf or mat i on, see FM5- 25 and TM9- 1940.

B. S.

BA! VGALORF` 1' ( ?RFEDOFS. The bangal ur e t or pedo MI A1( f i g. 144) i s a t ube or pi pe f i l l ed wi t h hi gh expl osi ve .

Thest eel t ube orpi pe i s 5 f eet i n l engt h and 218 i nches i n di amet er , and i s gr ooved andcapped at each end. The t ube i s f i l l ed wi t h amat ol . wi t h about 4i nches of TNT at each end. The wei ght of t he expl osi ve char ge i sabout 9 pounds .

The t or pedo may be used as an expl osi ve char ge f orot her demol i t i on pur poses . The bangal or e t or pedo AUA1 i s packed10 per ki t or box whi ch al so cont ai ns 10 connect i ng sl eeves and 1 nosesl eeve.

156. DESTRUCTORS.a. Cener al .( 1)

Dest r uct or s ar e hi gh- expl osi ve char ges f i r ed el ect r i cal l y or byt he act i on of a f uze.

( 2)

Dest r uct or s ar e f or use i n cer t ai n equi pment t o be dest r oyedwhen t he mat er i el i s abandoned or when t bei ' e i s danger of i t s f al l i ngi nt o enemy har t i ds.

I n gener al dest r uct or s ar e i nt ended f or dest r uc-t i on of t he vi t al par t s of t he mat er i el by means of an expl osi on whi chi s conf i ned wi t hi n t he housi ng.

Dest r uct or s may be r emoved f r ommat er i al dur i ng nor mal mai nt enance r epai r ,

h.

Dr nt r l i r vor AN- A11 .

Thi s dust r uct or ( f i g. 145) i s a smal l expl o-si ve cont ai ner whi ch f i t s. a t hr eaded adapt er i n cer t ai n r adi o equi pment .

The head end has a scr ewdr i ver sl ot and i s t hr eaded f or scr ew.i ng i nt o t he adapt er .

At t he opposi t e end i s a gi l di ng- met al use whi chi s separ at ed f r om t he head end by a pl ast i c t ube.

The head end con-t ai ns a smal l cyl i nder of ni t r ocel l ul ose and t he i gni t i on wi r e. The

204

TM 9- 1904

Par . 156l a-" es of Amr r ; ur ei t f on

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TM9- 1904

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Fi gur e 145 - Dest r uct or AN- M) - Sect i oned

306

Fi gur e T46 - 8est r uct or AN- M2

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met al component s et each end of t he uni t ar e i nsul at ed f r om eachot her . When t he el ect r i cal ci r cui t i s cl osed. t he cur r ent passes t hr ought he i gni t i on wi r e whi ch, i n t ur n, det onat es t he dest r uct or .

e. Dest r uct or AN- M. Thi s dest r uct or ( f i g . 146) consi st s of asi mpl e sheet - met al pl at f or m, upon whi ch t he var i ous el ect r i cal andexpl osi ve component s ar e secur ed. The r ear and f or war d edges oft hepl at f or mar e cur ved upwar d and a panel i s at t ached t o t he f or war dedge. The whol eassembl y i s 1 1/ 2 i nches hi gh_ Thi s dest r uct or f i t s i nt oan openi ng i n t he encl osi ng box of cer t ai n equi pment wi t h whi ch i t i sused. When a swi t ch i s cl osed, t he el ect r i c cur r ent causes t he el ect r i cdet onat or t o f unct i on,

d.

Dest r uct or AN- 313AL .

Thi s dest r uct or ( f i g. 147) r esembl est he dest r uct or AN- M1 i n gener al appear ance but i s much l ar ger ,

I t

r M 9- 1900

For . 156Cl amses of Ammuni t i on

CONTACT PI NS/ - LOCKI NGHOLE_, - PLASTI C SOCKET

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cont ai ns an el ect r i c det onat or and a 2- gr ampel l et of t et r yl .

When aswi t ch i s cl osed, el ect r i c cur r ent ent er s t he dest r uct or t hr ough t he t wocont act post s at t ached t o l ead wi r es f r om t he pl ane. The cur r entcauses t he det onat or t o expl ode whi ch, i n t ur n, expl odes t he t et r ylpel l et .


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Fi gur e 151 - - Shaped Char ge, 15- 1b, M2A3

e.

Oeai r uvl ur 1114. Thi s dest t -uct ur ( f i g . 148) consi st s of a 21! _-pound bl ock of t et r yt ol mount ed on an T.. - shaped br acket , an i mpact -t ype of bomb t ai l f uze, and occessor i es f or assembl y and mount i ng i na cont r ol uni t .

The mai n dest r uct or assembl y consi st s of an adapt er ,i nt o whi ch t he f uze f i t s, and t he expl osi ve bl ock mount ed on an" haped sheet - met al suppor t .

f . Deet r uet ur N13 . Thi s dest r uct or ( f i g. 149) i s essent i al l y amodi f i cat i on of t he dest r uct or M4. The compl et e assembl y wei ghsapPr oxi mat el y 8X/ 2 pounds.

157. DEMUI JMON EXPLOSWES,a. TMl ' and ni t r u$l ar ch. Compr essed TNT i n l ei - and 1- pound

bl ocks, and ni t r ost ar ch i n 1/ 4- pound bl ocks, ar e suppl i ed f or demol i t i onand l i ke pur poses . These maybe used by t hemsel ves ( wi t h any st and-ar d f i r i ng mechani smequi pped wi t h a det onat or ) or i n conj unct i onwi t h ot her demol i t i on mat er i al s, Ni t r ost ar ch i s mor e sensi t i ve t hanTNT; hence, ni t r ost ar ch bl ocks shoul d not be cr ushed or br oken,

h.

Dcr uol i l l on bl ock hl 2.

Thi s demol i t i on bl ock ( f i g . 154) i s ar ect angul ar bl ock of t et r yt ol , wi t h a det onat or wel l i n each end. Att he out er end of each wel l i s an adapt er t hr eaded t o r ecei ve any oft he st andar d f i r i ng devi ces.

At t he i nner end of each wel l i s a t et r ylpel l et cant i n t he bl ock t o act as a boost er ,

The demol i t i on bl ock i spacked i n a car dboar d boa, 8 boxes per haver sack, 2 havemockss perbox.

c.

Demol i t i on bl ock 113.

Thi s demol i t i on bl ock i s a r ect angul ar2V4- pound bl ock of pl ast i c expl osi ve.

The bl ock consi st s of Compo-si t i on C- 3 and one bl ock i s equi val ent t o si x i / 2- pound TNT bl ocks.Thi s pl ast i c expl osi ve can be mol ded by band i nt o any desi r ed shapeor posi t i on and i s ver y ef f i ci ent , due t o t he good cont act t hus obt ai nedcombi ned wi t h i t s hi gh power , The demol i t i on bl ock i s packed i n acar dboar d box, $ boxes per haver sack, 2 haver sacks per box.

710

f m 9- T90o

Par , 157Cl asses of Amr nuni 6vr r

f i gur e 152 - Shaped Char gt , 40- 1h, I Yl 3RA FD b5188A

Par s, 157- 155

158. S1I APEh C11: LKGhS.

Cl , s, v s of Ammuni f i or tTM7- 1900

d,

hr i i uol i i j Ur i bl ock N14. Thi s demol i t i on bl ock i s i ' , / . - . poundbl ock of Composi t i on C- 3 and has t he sat ne pl ast i , - quaht i f s as t hebl ock M3,

The bl ock M4 i s packed 104 bl ocks per box,

a. Sbaped char ges ar e expl vsi ves whi ch ar e f or med i nt o speci alshapes f or t he pur pose of f ocusi ng t he det onat i on i nt o a penet r at i ngj et . Such a Char ge has much gr eat er penet r at i ng capa6t y t han ar egul ar bl ock char ge of t he same wei ght ,

h.

Shapedchar ge 15- 1b.

Thi s char ge; ( f i g . 151 ) cont ai ns appr oxi -mat el y 12 pounds of $0150 pent ol i t e i n a t noi st ur e- r esi st i ng mol dedf i ber cont ai ner . The t op of t he char ge has a t hr eaded cap wel l f orr ecei vi ng an Engi neer ' s Speci al ( or ot her st andar d i ssue) bl ast i ng sap.The cont ai ner ext ends beyond t he base of t he char ge t o hol d t hechar ge al t he cor r ect di st ance ( cal l ed " st andof f " ) f r omt he t ar get t oobt ai n maxi mumpenet r at i on. Thi s char ge %r i l l penet r at e 36 i ncheaof r ei nf or ced concr et e.

I f t he concr et e i s of gr eat er t hi ckness, i t - &i l lpr oduce a hol y appr oxi mat el y 30 i nches deer and 2 t o 3 i nches i ndi amet er .

Thi s char ge i s packed 3 per wooden box ; 4 i n a car t on, 2car t ons per wooden box ; or 4 i n a f i ber cont ai ner , 1 cont ai ner perwooden box,

e.

Shaped char ge 404b, Thi s char ge ( f i g, 152) cont ai ns appr oxi -mat el y 30 pounds o£ 50150 pent ol i t e i n a met al cont ai ner , At hr eadedcap wel l i s pr ovi ded f or r ecei vi ng an Engi neer ' s Speci al ( r w ot herst andar d i ssue) bl ast i ng cep.

Met al l egs pr ovi de t he cor r ect st andof fdi st ance whi ch must be mai nt ai ned f or maxi t t i t ur r z per neuf at i on.

Thi schar ge wi l l penet r at e a 60- i nch concr et e wal l.

The r esul t i ng hol e wi l lbe l ar ge enough t o i nser t a st andar d bangal or e t or pedo.

TM 9- 1400

Par %. 154- 160

CHAPTER 3

CARE, HANDLI NG, AND PRESERVATI ON

Sect i on I

GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTI ONS

1. 59. t ; h: . NERAL.a. Thi s sect i on deal s wi t h t he hazar ds i nher ent i n t he st or age,

mai nt enance. handl i ng, and i nt r apl ant t r anspor t at i on of ammuni t i on-Wher e r ul es sr e gi ven cover i ng r el at ed subj ect s and oper at i ons . t heyshoul d be consi der ed as gener al .

b.

When wor k i s doi wwhi ch i nvol ves t he di r ect exposur e of expl o-si ves mvt er i al t o possi bl e f r i ct i on, spar ks, i mpact , st at i c el ect r i ci t y, et c . ,t he r egul at i ons cont ai ned i n t he Or dnance Saf et y Manual Shoul d bef ol l owed_ Exampl e of such wor k i s ammuni t i on dest r uct i on . TheSaf et y Manual cover s saf et y i n t he per f or mance of t he oper at i on andi n t he t vpe of equi pment necessar y f or t he per f or mance of i t .

160. l ; LNERAL PRECAUTI ONS.a.

I nvest i gat i on of acci dent s whi ch have occur r ed i n t he handl i ng,shi ppi ng, and st or i ng of expl osi ves and ammuni t i on i ndi cat es t hat .i n most cases wher e t he cause coul d be det er mi ned, t he acci dent wasdue t o ci r cumst ances whi ch may be cl assed as cont r ol l abl e. Ther e-f or e, t he f ol l owi ng gener al saf et y pr ecaut i ons wi l l be st r i ct l y enf or ced.

h.

For per sonnel .( 1)

Ammuni t i on wi l l be handl ed under t he di r ect super vi si on ofa compet ent per son who under st ands t hor oughl y t he hazar ds and r i sksi nvol ved. Per sons handl i ng ammuni t i on wi l l be i mpr essed wi t h t hef act t hat t hei r saf et y . es wel l as t hat of ot her s, depends upon t he i nt el -l i gence and car e exer ci sed by t hemsel ves and by t hei r f el l ow wor ker s.

( 2)

Per sonnel handl i ng ammuni t i on must not t amper wi t h anycomponent s or di sasser nVl e any component s, unl ess especi al l y aut hor -i zed t o do so. Ser i ous acci dent s may r esul t .

( 3)

Per sons handl i ng at r i muni t i on wi l l cl ean al l mud and gr i t f r omt hei r shoes bef or e ent er i ng t he magazi ne, car , boat , or vehi cl e i n whi cht her e ar e gxpl osi ves or ammuni t i on_

( 4)

Appr opr i at e pr ot ect i ve cl ot hi ng and saf et y equi pment wi l l bepr ovi ded and i t s use r equi r ed.

( 5)

Saf et y shoes wi l l be wor n i n l ocat i ons wher e oper at i ons r equi r et he handl i ng of oxposed expl osi ves whi ch may be i gni t ed by st at i cdi schar ge or wher e t her e may be exposed expl osi ves capabl e of bei ngi gni t ed by f r i ct i on or i mpact , Det ai l s of t ypes of saf et y shoes, con-

713

' Par , 140

TM9- 1904

Car &, Handl i ng, or al Pr eser vat i on

di t i ons under whi ch t hey shoul d be used, and o l i st of expl osi vesr equi r i ng use of such f oot wear may be obt ai ned f r omt he Of f i ce of t heChi ef of Or dnance.

V.

I n acunl ani l i on handl i ng.( 1)

The handl i ng of ammuni t i on shoul d al ways be conduct ed soas t o l i mi t t he number of per sonnel exposed and t he hazar dous mat e-r i al handl ed t o as smal l a quant i t y as i s pr act i cabl e.

( 2)

Expl osi ves and ammuni t i on wi l l be handl ed car ef ul l y_ Bal eho{ } ky wi l l not be used under condi t i ons wher e t he cont ai ner may bepenet r at ed by t he hook or f ul l of f t he hook, Cont ai ner s wi l l not bet ur +i bl ed, dr agged, t hr own, or dr opped on each ot her or r ol l ed or wal kedover on t he f l oor or dr opped f r omt ai l boar ds . Bombs equi pped wi t hshi ppi ng bands may be r ol l ed wi t h car e,

Separ at e- l oadi ng shel l mayhe r ol l ed, i f t he r ot at i ng band i s pr ot ect ed f r omdamage.

Met al r ol l erconveyor s and t r ucks may be used except f or hazar dous expl osi veswhi ch may be i gni t ed by spar ks_ Such expl osi ves shoul d be handl edei t her by hmand or wi t h wooden ur nompar ki ng conveyor s.

( 3)

I f t he pr ecaut i ons pr escr i bed her ei n ar e st r i ct l y compl i ed wi t hi n handl i ng ammuni t i on cont ai ni ng t he newer t ypes of expl osi ves . suchas Composi t i on B, pent ol i t e, and t et r yt ol , i t shoul d be no mor e danger ous t han t he handl i ng of ammuni t i on l oaded wi t h TNT,

Hi gh-expl osi ve i t ems wi t h t hi n wal l s and hi gh char ge- wei ght r at i o, r equi r especi al at t ent i on t o avoi d dent i ng t he wal l s.

Such i t ems must not behandl ed on chut es or ot her wi se subj ect ed t o excessi ve i mpact ,

( 4)

No t cxw%or equi pment so desi gned t hat st eel or ot her spar k-pr oduci ng met al t omes i n cont act wi t h expl osi ve mat er i al s %r i l l beused i n handl i ng hazar dous expl osi ve&

Saf et y t ool s ar e r equi r ed i nbox openi ng and r epai r .

Such t ool s ar e const r uct ed of wood or non-spar ki ng or spar k- r esi ut aat mat er i al s, as br onze, l ead, ber yl l i um al l oysand mor sel met al , whi ch, under nor mal condi t i ons, wi l l not pr oducespar ks .

( 5)

Gasol i ne- power ed l i f t t r ucl r s wi l l not be used f or handi ng ex-posed expl osi ves, or be used i n l ocat i ons wher e exposed expl osi ves ar epr esent .

They must not be used i n i gl oo magazi nes,

( 6)

Expl osi ves and ammuni t i on shoul d not be exposed t o moi st ur eor dampness or t o t he di r ect r ays of t he sun f or any l ong per i od.

I f i ti s necessar y t o l eave boxes t empor ar i l y out si de of magazi nes or car s,t hey shoul d be cover ed wi t h a t ar paul i n so pl aced t hat t her e i s f r eeci r cul at i on of ai r t hr ough t he pi l e.

( 7)

Ammuni t i on wi l l not be i mpr ovi sed, r econdi t i oned, r enovat ed,or sal vaged wi t hi n t he magazi ne ar ea unl ess t he si t es, bui l di ngs, or car si n whi ch wor k i s bei ng dome ar e devot ed excl usi vel y t o such wor k andar e speci f i cal l y appr oved. Quant i t y- di st ance r equi r ement s i n chapt er3 sect i on 11, must be obser ved.

414

TM 9- 1940

Pam 164- T61

( 8) I f expl osi ves spi l l oi ' si f t f r om s l eaky cont ai ner , al l wor kwi l l be st opped unt i l t he expl osi ves have been r emc>ved, and sur f aceswashed or desensi t i zed As f ar as pr act i cabl e,

161, FI RE PROTECTI ON.a, Gener al .

Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

( 1)

Fi r e pr event i on i s of t he - al most i mpor t ance.

Many of t hef i r es i nvol vi ng expl osi ves and ammuni t i on ar e pr event abl e,

I t i s t hedut y of al l concer ned i n t hei r handl i ng t o st udy t he causes of f i r es andt hor oughl y i nf or m t hemsel ves of t he saf et y pr ecaut i ons t hat must bet aken t o pr event t hem,

( 2)

Agr eat hazar d i n and ar ound expl osi ves i s heat .

Some expl o-si ves i gni t e at t emper at ur es subst ant i al l y l ower t han t hose r equi r ed t oi Vi t e wood, paper , or f abr i cs, and i gni t i on mi ght r esul t i n expl osi on.Ther ef or e, evi r y ef f or t wi l l be made t o mai nt ai n nor mal t emper at ur essur r oundi ng ammuni t i on and expl osi ve,

l b .

( : nur ses r t i f f i ver .

Fi r es i n magazi nes and magazi ne ar eas maybe due t o a number of causes, of whi ch t he f ol l owi ng ar e most common

( 1 )

DRYCRASS. LEAVES, AND UNDERBRUSH, These may be i gni t edby spar ks f r oml ocomot i ves, , by smoki ng or t he car el ess use of mat chesand camp t i r es.

( 2) DETLcx[ OKATI ON OF " PLOSI VES AND AMMUNI TI ON, Thi snor nwl l y occur s at such a sl ow r at e t hat mo+5t expl osi ves and ammuni -t i on r emai n ser vi ceabl e f or many year s . However , under unf avor abl econdi t i ons, expl osi ves and et nr nuni t i on may pr oduce heat so f ast t hati t cannot be di ssi pat ed, causi ng t he expl osi ve or ammuni t i on t o bur sti nt o dame. Wher e t he expl osi ve or ammuni t i on i s conf i ned, an expl o-st i on or det onat i on may r esul t .

( 3) RYPACKr NG, RENOVATI ON, AND SALVAGE OPERATI ONS, NO' rFROPRRLY SUPERVI SED AND I CQNDUCTED I N ACCORDANCE WI TH RECOC-Nr zED SAFETY STANDARD$, The most Coul man sour ces of t r oubl e ar eexcessi ve quant i t i es of powder and l oose expl osi ves, accumul at i on ofwast e paper , br oken boxes, unaut hor i zed use of spar ] : - pr oduci ng t ool s,def ect i ve machi ner y, f aul t y el ect r i cal equi pment , et c, , and f ai l ur e t opr ovi de t he pr oper bar r i cades and f i r ebr eaks necessar y t o pr event t hespr ead of f i r e f r omone oper at i on t o anot her ,

LACK OF TRAI NI NG, OR VI OLATI ONS OF I NSTRUCTI ONS ORWRI ' YTEN REGULATI ONS_ The Mo&t common vi ol et i Onu i nvol ve smok-i ng, car r yi ng mat ches i n f or bi dden ar eas and bui l di ngs, or t amper i ngwi t h expl osi ves or ammuni t i on, par t i cul ar l y gr enades or f uzes.

( S) FAI LURE TO VKDERSTAND AND CAREFULLY OBSERVE THESAFETY FRI t CAUTI QNS PRESCRI BED FOR DESTROYI NG EXPLOSI VES ANDAMMUNI TI ON. The most f r equent sour ce Of t r oubl e . i s f l yi ng f r agment swhi ch cause gr ass f i r es or expl ode pi l es of expl osi ves and XLmr nunl t i onawai t i ng dest r uct i on .

215

Par . 161

TM 9- 1900Car e, Handl ! YW, and Pr ecer vat i on

( 6)

SI ' ARRS.

Ther e may be caused by st r i ki ng i r on or st eel nai l sor met al cont ai ner s wi t h i r on or st eel t oot s, or by nai l s i n shoes st r i ki ngf l i nt , pebbl es, sand gr ai ns, or nai l s i n t he f l oor ,

Such spar ks, smal l ast hey ar e, have caused di sast r ous expl osi or r sXof bl ack powder or t he dustof ot her expl osi ves whi ch i gni t e easi l y . Thi s hazar d i s t he basi s f orr equi r i ng t ool s of br ass, copper , or ot her nonspar ki ng mat er i al s, cl ean-i ng mud and di r t f r omshoes bef or e ent er i ng magazi nes, and wear i ngsaf et y shoes appr oved by t he Chi ef of Or dnance, when exposed expl o-si ves ar e pr esent ,

( 7) STATI C ELF+CTRI CI TY. Char ges of st at i c el ect r i ci t y can beaccumul at ed on a per son and on expl osi ve mat er i al such as smokel esspowder . The di schar ge of st at i c el ect r i ci t y i s consi der ed a ser i oushazar d i n t kke pr esence of cer t ai n exposed expl osi ves, dust and ai rmi xt ur es, and i nf l ammabl e vapor - ai r mi xt ur es. Pr ocessi ng equi pmentf or such mat er i al s subj ect t o st at i c di schar ge shoul d be el ect r i cal l ygr ounded; benches and f l oor i ng shoul d be cover ed wi t h el ect r i cal l ygr ounded conduct i ve mat er i al ; and per sonnel pr ovi ded wi t h saf et yshoes of aut hor i zed t ypes . Cushi oned met al chai r s shoul d not be usedi n l ocat i ons wher e expl osi ves or hi ghl y i nf l ammabl e mat er i al s ar epr esent .

i ; )

FAI LURETOCONTROL SAFELY THE USE OF HVAT- ANDFLAMEPRODUCI NC EQUI PMENT.

Such equi pment may be t hat used i n mai n-t enance wor k on bui l di ngs or t hat cont ami nat ed wi t h expl osi vemat er i al .

( 9)

LI GHTN1NG. Li ght ni ng may st r i ke bui l di ngs, t r ees, or ot herobj ect s i n or near expl osi ve ar eas . Al l bui l di ngs and st r uct ur es i nst or age ar eas shoul d have compl et e l i ght ni ng pr ot ect i on whi ch meat st he r equi r ement s of t he Chi ef of Or dnance_

( 11} ) ELECTRI C TRANSMI SSI OX Lm- 5. These ar e of t en bl owndown or come i n cont act wi t h Combust i bl e mat er i al s.

( 11)

L. 4cx OF A PROPER MUFFLER, or t he use of a i nuf f i er cut outon r hot or vehi cl es can cause f i r es .

Fi r e- pr event i on r egul at i ons.

( 1)

Mat ches or ot her f l ame- or spar k- pr oduci ng devi ces wi l l notbe per mi t t ed i n any magazi ne ar ea or expl osi ves ar ea except by wr i t t enaut hor i t y of t he commandi ng of f i cer .

( 2)

Smoki ng i s pr ohi bi t ed i n any magazi ne or magazi ne ar ea, orar ound car s, wagons, mot or t r ucks, or boat s i n whi ch t her e ar e expl o-si ves or ammuni t i on. Bui l di ngs or l ocat i ons f or smoki ng may be desi g-nat ed out si de r est r i ct ed ar ea, subj ect t o f ol l owi ng l i mi t at i ons t hat .

TM9- T900

Par . 161Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

( a)

Smoki ng wi l l not be al l owed i n l ocat i on, 4 cl oser t han 60 f eet t obui l di ngs cont ai ni ng expl osi ves, ammuni t i on, or hazar dous mat er i al s,

( h)

Wi ndows and d( I - UTS of bui l di ngs cl ose t o expl osi veb or ammu.ni t i on ar eas whi ch ar e appr oved f or smoki ng wi l l be f i t t ed wi t h wi r escr eens.

( c)

Sui t aht e r ecept acl es r nust be pr ovi ded f or ci gar et t e and ci garbut t s and pi pe-

heel s- ( d)

Onl y per manent l y i nst al l ed el ect r i c l i ght er s of appr oved t ypesshal l be used i n t he bui l di ng.

( c) Hand f i r e ext i ngui sher s, sand boxes, and wr i t er bar r el s wi t l ibucket s wi l l be f nr ni shed as r equi r ed f or each r oomor bui l di ng i n whi chSanoki ng i s per mi t t ed. Per sons whose cl ot hi ng i s cont ami nat ed wi t hexpl osi ves or ot her hazar dous mat er i al s wi l l not be per mi t t ed i n suchar eas .

( 3)

Al l f l ashl i ght or 9t vr age- bat t er y l amps used i n bui l di ngs con-t ai ni ng expl osi ves or f l ammabl e vapot s shal l be t ypes appr oved as" per mi ssi bl e" by t he Uni t ed St at es Bur eau of Mi nes or by e si mi l ar l yr ecogni zed t est i ng l abor at or y f or t hat speci f i c t ype of exposur e,

( 4)

I f gasol i ne or el ect r i c- power ed l i f t t r ucks ar e used f or t r ans-por t i ng expl osi ves or ammuni t i on, t he r equi r ement s of t he Chi ef ofOr dnance wi l l be compl i ed wi t h.

( 5)

Wher e i t i s necessar y t o i nst al l power t r ansmi ssi on and ser vi cel i nes i n t he vi ci ni t y of bui l di ngs cont ai ni ng expl osi ves, t he di st ance oft he l i nes f r omt he bui l di ngs wi l l be gr eat er t han t he di st ance bet weent he pol es whi ch suppor t t he l i nes Thi s i s t o pr event br oken ' Wi r e&f r omhi t t i ng t he bui l di ng.

Over head t r ansmi ssi on l i ne must not passwi t hi n So f eet of t he bui l di ngs,

I n f ut ur e i nst al l at i ons, power l i nes wt dser vi ces ent er i ng bui l di ngs cont ai ni ng expl osi ves must be pl aced under -gr ound wi t hi n 50 f eet of t he bui l di ng,

( 6 ; ) Veget at i on i n t he f or m of gr ass, under gr owt h, weeds, et c. ,whi ch i s or may become a f i r e hazar d wi l l be cont r ol l ed by t he use ofchemi cal weed ki l l er or by mowi ng, pl owi ng, cut t i ng, l i vest ock gazi ngor , i n cal m weat her and wi t h pr oper cont r ol , by bur ni ng_ Chemi calweed ki l l er s shoul d not cont ai n chl or at es or ot her subst ances whi chmay i gni t e spont aneousl y under hot dr y condi t i ons,

Bur ni ng shoul dnot be per mi t t ed wi t hi n t he 50- f oot space speci f i ed i n t he par agr aphbel ow.

Br uBh, gr ass, wood, et c . , i n pi l es, ' wi l l nut be bur ned wi t hi n 200f eet of a magazi ne, Reser ve suppl i es of dunnage shoul d not be st or edhaphazar dl y i nsi de t he magazi ne ar ea and i n nacase wi t hi n t he 50- f ootf i r ebr eak ar ound t he magazi ne.

( 7)

A f i r ebr eak at l east 50 f eet wi de and as f r ee as pr act i cabl ef r om i nf l ammabl e mat er i al wi l l be mai nt ai ned ar ound each above

r 71; 121 0 - 46 - 14

Par . 161 1M 9- 1904Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

gr ound magazi ne. The ear t h adj acent t o and ext endi ng over i gl oomagazi nes wi l l be cl ear ed of dr y debr i s . Fi r ebr eaks ar ound t he ent i r emagazi ne ar ea and at ot her pl aces wi t hi n t he magazi ne ar ea, such asal ongr ai l r oad t r acks, wi l l be mai nt ai ned wher ever necessar y.

( 8)

Locomot i ves, t r ai ns, and ot her r ai l vehi cl es used i n t he mag-azi ne ar ea wi l l be sa equi pped t hat t he communi cat i on of f i r e i s pr event ed i nsof ar as pr act i cabl e,

I nspect i ons wi l l be made r egul ar l y t oi nsur e t hat saf e condi t i ons ar e mai nt ai ned.

( 9) Gasol i ne or ot her hi ghl y i nf l ammabl e l i qui ds wi l l not be usedf or cl eani ng pur poses . Sol vent , dr y cl eani ng, Feder al Speci f i cat i onP- S- 661a ( Quar t er mast er i ssue) wi l l be used i n al l cases wher e sol -vent s of t hi s nat ur e ar e r equi r ed. Dr y- cl eani ng sol vent i s i nf l am-mabl e di f f er i ng pr i nci pal l y f r omgasol i ne i n havi ng a hi gher f l ash- poi nt .When handl i ng dr y- cl eani ng sol vent , AR 850- 20, " Pr ecaut i ons i nHandl i ng Gasol i ne" , wi l l be obser ved i n al l cases. Thi s r egul at i ondoes not pr ohi bi t t he use of t r i sodi um phosphat e, t r i chl or oet hyi ene,t et r acbl or oet hane, or si mi l ar cl eani ng or degr easi ng subst ances f orcl eani ng oper at i ons. However , si nce many of t he i ndust r i al or gani csol vent s have pr onounced t oxi c pr oper t i es, par t i cul ar l y i n vapor f or m,car e must be t aken i t s t he sel ect i on of degr easi ng subst ances andappar at us. Adequat e vent i l at i on must be pr ovi ded.

( 10) Aut omobi l e par ki ng shoul d be r egul at ed so t hat aut omobi l eswi l l not bepar ked cl oser t het a 25 f eet t o bui l di ngs or f i r e hydr ant s .

( 11)

Ammuni t i on boxes, cont ai ner d, dunnage, and l umber mustbe st acked i n an or der l y manner when i n t he vi ci ni t y of expl osi vesr enovat i on, handl i ng, or st or age oper at i ons, St acks of such combus-t i bl e mat er i al s must be l i mi t ed t o smal l ar eas bet ween f i r e br eaks.Thi s i s a means of l i mi t i ng t he spr ead of f i r e i nsof ar as i t i s pr act i cabl econsi der i ng t he avai l abl e space, Avai l abl e means of ext i ngui shi ng f i r e,and t he pr obabi l i t y of f i r e occur r i ng.

Under aver age condi t i ons, ar easunder sol i d st acks of such mat er i al s shoul d be l i mi t ed t o 1, 500 squar ef eet separ at ed f r omot her si mi l ar ar eas by 25- f oot f i r e br eaks i n whi chveget at i on has been cut and cont r ol l ed .

Bul k st acki ng of such mat e-r i al s shoul d not be cl oser t han 500 f eet t o magazi nes or ot her bui l d-i ngs cont ai ni ng hi gh expl osi ves, except t hat wor ki ng quant i t i es wi t hi npr act i cabl e l i mi t s may be st acked i n t he vi ci ni t y of expl osi ve maga-zi nes, but not cl oser t han 50 f eet . Wat er bar r el s and pai l s shoul d bel i ber al l y pr ovi ded i n such ar eas wi t h whi ch t o ext i ngui sh i nci pi entf i r es.

( 11)

The above r ul es wi l l be suppl ement ed by such addi t i onalr ul es as t he commandi ng of f i cer deems necessar y t o secur e adequat epr ot ect i on agai nst f i r es,

214

TM 9- 1900


d,

f i r e- f i ght i ng f aci l i t i es,( 1) A f i r e i nvol vi ng expl osi ves or ammuni t i on may r esul t so

qui ckl y i n an i nt ense conf l agr at i on or expl osi on t hat means f ori mmedi at el y at t acki ng t he f i r st smal l bl aze det ect ed ar e vi t al l y i m-por t ant _ I mmedi at e use must of t en be made of hand equi pment I naddi t i on t o or gani zed per manent f aci l i t i es, t he f ol l owi ng t ypes off i r e- f i ght i ng equi pment may be used t o good advant age:

( a) Bar r el s and bucket s f i l l ed wi t h wat er , pl aced at eachmagazi ne. I f t hi s cl ass of f i r e} f i ght i ng equi pment i s al ways mai nt ai nedso t hat i t can be depended upon i n case of f i r e, i t i s a val uabt a f i r epr ot ect i on. However , i n t he summer t i me t he bar r el s must be f r e-quent l y r ef i l l ed, and i n f r eezi ng weat her cal ci umchl or i de or sal t mustbe added. Bucket s det er i or at e r api dl y unl ess t hey ar e f r equent l ypai nt ed or pr ot ect ed f r omt he weat her , and ar e bl own about by wi ndst or ms i f t hey ar e not secur el y f ast ened i n pl ace.

Fast eni ng devi cesmust be r el easabl e at wi l l .

( b)

Boxes and bucket s f i l l ed wi t h sand, and shovel s.( c)

Dur i ng f r eezi ng weat her , t r ucks and t r ai l er s f i l l ed wi t h wat er, N,i l l r equi r e heat ed st or age, Pr ovi si on shoul d be made f or r api dmovement of t he equi pment t o t he scene of t he l i r e .

( d)

To combat gr ass or f or est f i r es i n or near t he magazi ne ar eas,t her e wi l l be mai nt ai ned at sui t abl e l ocat i ons an adequat e suppl y ofgunny sacks, br ooms, r akes, hoes, or ot her si mi l ar equi pment . Thi sequi pment shoul d be r egul ar l y i nspect ed and pr ot ect ed agai nst t hef tor unaut hor i zed use.

( 2)

Wr en expl osi ves and ammuni t i on ar e bei ng handl ed or wor ki s bei ng done i n t he i mmedi at e vi ci ni t y of such st or es . t her e wi l l bepr esent , r eady f or i mmedi at e use, t wo chemi cal or ot her t ype handf i r e ext i ngui sher s_ r t i s not r equi r ed t hat t hese be per manent l yl ocat ed i n a magazi ne, al t hough t hi s shoul d be done i f pr act i cabl e, buti t i s r equi r ed t hat t hese be i n an accessi bl e l ocat i on. Ser i ous f i r esmay be avoi ded by t he pr ompt use of hand f i r e ext i ngui sher s .

' t hey,ar e r equi r ed pr i mar i l y f or use on i nci pi ent f oes i n i ner t combust i bl essuch as gr ass, gr ease, oi l , dunnage, et c. , whi ch i f not ext i ngui shedmi ght r each expl osi ves, Per $oonel ot her t han t he one usi ng t heext i ngni sber shoul d seek saf et y i mmedi at el y, r epor t i ng t he f i r e en.r out e.

( 3)

The wat er di st r i but i on syst em shoul d be pr ot ect ed by sec-t i onal cont r ol val ves so t hat damaged sect i ons of t he mai n can becut of f wi t hout i mpai r i ng t he oper at i on of t he r emai nder of t hesyst em.

Wat er mai ns shoul d not be l ocat ed under r ai l r oads or r oadsused f or conveyi ng l ar ge quant i t i es of expl osi ves or ammuni t i on, as a

319

Par s . 161- 163

TM9- 1900Car e. Har uf 1mg, and Pr eaer vahar r

det onat i on may cause a br eakage of t he mai n.

When i t i s necessar yt o have wat er mai ns pass under r ai l r oads or r oads, car s or t r ucksl anded wi t h expl osi ves or ammuni t i on wi l l not be per mi t t ed t o r emai nover t hese wat er mai ns l onger t han necessar y f or cont i nuous t r aveland sui t abl e si gns wi l l i ndi cat e such l ocat i on. Wat er mai ns shoul dbe pr ot ect ed wi t h cut - of f val ves on bot h si des of t he r ai l r oad or r oad.Fi r e hydr ant s shoul d l i e connect ed t o t i t ooped gr i d syst em so as t opr ovi de suppl y f r ommor e t han one cl i r ect i on.

( 4)

The dut i es of guar ds, f i r emen, mi l i t ar y per sonnel , and ot her swi l l be so ar r anged t hat an adequat e f i r e- f i ght i ng f or ce wi l l be avai l -abl e at al l t i r nXs .

( 5) Fi r e dr t i l 1s and i nspect i ons wi l l be car ef ul l y conduct ed t oi nsur e t hat f i r e- f i ght i ng f or ces under st and t hei r dut i es and t hat f i r e-f i ght i ng equi pment f unct i ons dependabl y under act ual wor ki ng condi -t i ons . Fr equent l y, hose not t est ed t o wor ki ng pr essur es bur st whenmost needed.

I162,

FI RES I N WHI CHEXPLOSI VES ARE I NVOLVED,a. Fi r es whi ch may occur i n bui l di ngs or magazi nes cont ai ni ng

expl osi ves wi l l var y i n i nt ensi t y and ef f ect , dependi ng on t he mat er i ali nvol ved i n t he f i r e. Cer t ai n expl osi ves wi l l det onat e or expl odei mmedi at el y on cont act wi t h a spar k or f l ame, or when subj ect ed t of r i ct i onal heat or concussi on, Fi r e way or may not r esul t f r omt hedet onat i on. Some expl osi ve subst ances may bur n f r eel y whi l e ot her swi l l he subj ect t o expl osi on whi l e bur ni ng, or wi l l devel op such i nt enseheat as i n t he cr use of smokel ess powder , t hat f i r e- f i ght i ng ef f or t s r i l lbe i mpossi bl e.

Fi r e- f i ght i ng f oj r es shoul d be wel l acquai nt ed wi t h t hehazar ds and best mel l hods of combat i ng f i r es i n al l such mat er i al sunder t hei r pr ot ect i on.

1} .

Wi t h cer t ai n except i ons wat er wi l l be used as t he f i r e- f i ght i ngmedi um, Gener al l y speaki ng, bar ge vol umes of wat er spr ay or f ogpr oduced by nozzl es desi gned f or t he pur pose wi l l pr ove mor e ef f i ci entt han sol i d st r eams of wat er f or exl i ngul shi ng f i r es of an expl osi venat ur e.

Sol i d st r eams of wat er at hi gh pr essur es shoul d be used whenconsi der at i on f or t he saf et y of f i r e- f i ght i ng per sonnel makes i t i mpos-si bl e t o Appr oach t he seat of t he f i r e.

I n f i r e- f or ce t r ai ni ng pr ogr ams,emphasi s shoul d be pl aced on l ayi ng as many hose l i nes as possi bl e,i n or der t o sur r ound and conf i ne t he f i r e_

163. GENERAL I NSTRUCTI ONS I N COI t 113ATI NC FI RES I N-- YoLVI NG EXPLOSI VES.

t t .

Gener al i nst r uct i ons whi ch wi l l be f ol l owed i n car nbat i ng anyf i r es i nvol vi ng expl osi ves and ammuni t i on ar e as f ol l ows :

TM 9- 1900

Par s . 163- 165

Wer e, Handl i ng, and Pr esdr vat i an

( 1)

When a guar d or wat chman di scover s smoke coi ni ng f r ar r o acl osed magazi ne, or ot her evi dence t hat a magazi no i s af i r e, he wi l lgi ve t he al ar m as qui ckl y ns possi bl e.

l - I e wi l l not ent er t he bur ni ngbui l di ng si nce he may become t r apped and be unabl e t o gi ve t heal ar m.

I f t he f i r e i s di scover ed i n t he gr asp or ot her combust i bl emat er i al sur r oundi ng t ho magazi ne, t he al ar m shoul d be gi ven i r nme-di at el y and t he guar d shoul d t hen do al l t hat i s possi bl e, usi ng ext i n-gui sher s, wat er f r omnear by wat er bar r el s, or gr ass f i r e- f i ght i ng t ool s,t o ext i ngui sh or cont r ol t he f i r e unt i l t he f i r e- f i ght i ng f or ces ar r i ve.

( 2)

When a wor kman or ot her per son di scover s a f i r e i n a bui l d-i ng wher e peopl e ar e wor ki ng mi d expl osi ves Ar e pr esent , per sonnelpr esent wi l l be ovacuat ed by sui t abl e si gnal i n accor dance wi t h pr ear r anged pl ans .

At l east one r esponsi bl e messenger wi l l be di spat chedi n t he di r ect i on f r omwhi ch t he f i r e depar unont i s expect ed, t o i nf or mt hem of t he nat ur e and oxt snt of t he f i r e . The of f i cer i n char ge off i t w f i ght er s wi l l , l ot per mi t t he advance of hi s men t o such a f i r e unl esf ihe has what he bel i eves t o be accur at e i nf or mat i on as t o t he exi st i ngcondi t i ons and concl udes t her ef r om t hat he i s j ust i f i ed i n doi ng so( par . 165) .

( 3) Fi r e- f i ght i ng f or ces wi l l at i a( : k a gr ass f i r e vi gor ousl y andendeavor t o ext i ngui sh i t even when i t i s cl ose t o a magazi ne_ I f a f i r ehas act ual l y gai ned headway i n a magazi ne, f i r e- f i ght i ng f or ces shoul dei t her cor t sbat t he f i r e or seek t he near est sui t abl e pr ot ect i on, depend-i ng on t he t ype of ai mi t uni t i on or expl osi ves wi t hi n t he magazi ne( par , 165) .

164.

1DEV11FI CATI ONOF MAGAZI NES. As a means of pr ovi d-i ng a gui de t o f i r e- f i ght i ng f or ces, t he Or dnance Depar t ment di vi desexpl osi ves i nt o f our gr oups i n accor dance wi t h t he gener al bur ni ngor expl osi ve char act er i st i cs of t he mat er i al s and t he r el at i ve dangerencount er ed i n f i ght i ng f i r es i n whi ch t hey ar e pr esent . The f ourgr oups ar e i dent i f i ed by syr nhul number s 1 t hr ough 4, t he hazar d t of i r e f i ght er s i ncr eor oi ng pr ogr essi vel y wi t h t he number s. Or dnancer egul at i ons r equi r e t hat or dnance bui l di ngk: cont ai ni ng baxsr dous orexpl osi ve i nat er i al sX ex<~ept i gl oo magazi nes, be pl ai nl y mar ked wi t ht he symbol number ( no l ess t han 24 i nches ( si gh) of t he most hazar d-ous mat er i al cont ai ned t her ei t - 4 as descr i bed i n par agr aph 165.

165, FI RE HAZARD GROUPS AND FI RE- FI GHTI NG PRO-CEDURES,

a.

Syml wl 1.

Thi s gr oup consi st s of Cl asses 1, 11, and 12 ammu-ni t i on: met al l i c powder s i n I CC appr oved shi ppi ng cont ai ner s ; andchl or at es, per chl or at es, per oxi des. ni t r at es, and ot her i nor gani c oxi di z-

Par . 165

TM 9- 1900Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vo6on

i ns agent s i n seal ed cont ai ner s. Whi l e t hese mat er i al s ar e pr i nci pal l yf i r e hazar ds and f i r es i n whi ch t hey ar e i nvol ved may be f ought , mi norexpl osi ons may be expect ed so t hat ext r eme caut i on must be exer ci sedi n accor dance wi t h t he f ol l owi ng :

{ 1) SMAkL- ARMS AMMUNI TI ON. Shi ppi ng Cont ai ner s of smal l -ar ms ammuni t i on, especi al l y when t r acer ar l d i ncendi ar y r ounds ar ei ncl uded wi l l cont i nue t o bur n f i er cel y even af t er t he magazi ne hasbeen consur ned, Per sonnel at t empt i ng t o f i ght t he f i r e af t er f i r e hasr eached t he ammuni t i on i t sel f must be shi el ded f r oml i ght hat mi ssi l eswhi ch may be expect ed t o t r avel up t o 200 Sr ar ds at a vel oci t y ofappr oxi mat el y 200 f eet per second. Sheet met al cover ed woodenshi el ds can be used and moved t o var i ous vant age poi nt s . Whenpr act i cabl e t o use wat er spr ay, i t wi l l be f ound ver y ef f ect i ve i next i ngui shi ng such f i r es,

( 2)

Oxi di zi ng agent s ar e not f l ammabl e i n t hemsel ves, but whenheat ed i n a f i r e i nvol vi ng combust i bl es, gi ve of f oxygen whi ch gr eat l yf aci l i t at es bur ni ng, Fi r e f i ght er s shoul d be pr ovi ded wi t h sui t abl emasks t o guar d agai nst poi sonous f umes r esul t i ng f r om such f i r es.Cool i ng or dr owni ng wi t h l ar ge quant i t i es of wat er may ser ve t o con-" I or ext i ngui sh t hese f i r es, but af t er t he f i r e has gai ned consi der abl eheadway, f i r e- f i ght i ng ef f or t s may, of necessi t y, be conf i ned t o pr o-t ect i ng adj acent pr oper t y as much as possi bl e,

( 3)

CHEMI CAL AMMUNI TI ON. For f i r es i nvol vi ng chemi cal ammu-ni t i on cont ai ni ng bl i st er i ng agent s, al l f i r e f i ght er s wi l l be pr ot ect edby masks and compl et e pr ot ect i ve cl ot hi ng.

I f pr act i cabl e, such f i r eswi l l be f ought f r om t he wi ndwar d si de .

Al l unpr ot ect ed per sonneldownwi nd wi l l be evacuat ed and ci vi l i an i nhabi t ant s war ned. Fi r esi nvol vi ng t oxi c chemi cal s wi l l be f ought wi t h si mi l ar pr ecaut i onsexcept t hat t he danger ar ea downwi nd i s l ess.

Fi r e f i ght er s wi l l bepr ot ect ed wi t h sui t abl e masks.

I n f i r es i nvol vi ng HCsmoke mi xt ur e,at t empt s shoul d be made t o r emove and segr egat e t he bur ni ng con-t ai ner s. When a r el at i vel y smal l amount of HC smoke mi xt ur e i si nvol ved i n a f i r e, i t can be " dr owned" wi t h wat er . Wat er wi l l al soser ve t o cool adj acent cont ai ner s t o pr event f ur t her spr ead. Unl esswat er can be appl i ed i n l ar ge amount s i n r el at i on t o t he act ual HCsmoke mi xt ur e whi ch i s exposed and bur ni ng, t he ef f or t s t o f i ght t hef i r e wi l l be i nef f ect i ve and t he mat er i al may expl ode. Fi r e f i ght er sshoul d not eat er magazi nes cont ai ni ng a hi gh concent r at i on of HCsmoke unl ess adequat el y pr ot ect ed by oxygen masks and suppl i edwi t h l i f e l i nes .

1) .

Symbol 2.

Thi s gr oup consi st s of Cl ass 3 ammuni t i on andexpl osi ves .

232

TM 9- 1900

Far . 165Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vof i on

( 1)

Per sonnel di scover i ng such a f i r e shoul d gi ve t he al ar m andat t empt t o put t he f i r e out wi t h t he equi pment on hand, pr ovi ded t hef i r e i s i t i t he i nci pi ent st age. The f i r e- f i ght i ng or gani zat i on shoul df i ght t he f i r e i f t her e i s a possi bi l i t y of ext i ngui shi ng i t .

I f t hi s doesnot seempossi bl e, t he bui l di ng shoul d be abandoned and f i r e- f i ght i ngef f or t s concent r at ed on pr event i ng t he spr ead of t he f i r e, Li mi t edexpl osi ons may be expect ed f r om f i r e i n t hese mat er i al s.

Per sonnelshoul d exer ci se gl ue pr ecaut i ons t o pr event i nj ur y t o t hemsel ves andt hei r equi pment

c.

SvnAMl : I .

Thi s gr oup consi st s of Cl ass 2 smokel ess powder i nbul k shi ppi ng cont ai ner s and Cl ass 2 pyr ot echni c mat er i al .

( 1)

Unl ess t he f i r e i s of a mi nor nat ur e and does not i nvol ve t heexpl osi ve i t sel f , and t her e i s a chance of cont r ol l i ng i t , f i r e- f ht i ngshoul d be conf i ned t o pr event i ng t he spr ead of t he f i r e t o ot her bui l di ngs .

These met e6al s bur n wi t h i nt ense heat and per sonnel and f i r e-f i ght i ng equi pment shoul d be adequat el y pr ot ect ed.

( 2) PHOSPI RoxUB. I n f i r es i nvol vi ng phosphor us, per sonnel en.t et i ng magazi nes wi t h por t abl e ext i ngui sher s wi l l have l i f e l i nesat t ached i n or der t o be abl e t o f i nd t hei r way out t hr ough t he heavysmoke, I t shoul d be r emember ed t hat phosphor us wi l l at op bur ni ngonl y so l ong as i t i s under wat er , when exposed agai n t o t he ai r , i ti gni t es spont aneousl y .

( 3)

PYROTEM4ni cs . When f i r e i nvol ves pyr ot echni cs and l ar gequant i t i es of magnesi um- t ype i ncendi ar i es, f i r e f i ght er s shoul d conf i neef f or t s t o pr ot ect i ng adj acent bui l di ngs and magazi nes. Wat er mayaccel er at e bur ni ng and cause expl osi ons whi ch may scat t er bur ni ngmat er i al . The use of car bon di oxi de and car bon t et r achl or i de ex-t i ngui sher s on such f i r es wi l l cr eat e poi sonous gases. Smal l f i r esi nvol vi ng 50 pounds or l ess of magnesi umcan be smot her ed wi t h dr yi ner t mat er i al whi ch i s powder ed or gr anul ar , such as har d coal , t ar ,pi t ch, gr aphi t e ( pr ef er abl y coat ed t o el i mi nat e dust ) , r ust - f r ee casti r on bor i ngs, sof t coal . t al c, sal t , or $and_

Asbest os, sand, sal t , and t al car e not i ner t i n magnesi umf i r es, but may be used dr y i f t he f i r e i ssmal l .

The powder shoul d be pl aced over t he bur ni ng mat er i al so ast o cover i t t o a dept h of one i nch or mor e,

I t shoul d not be di st ur bedunt i l t he magnesi umhas cool ed except when t he f i r e i s on a f l oor off l ar r nt nabl e mat er i al , i n whi ch case, af t er t he f i r e i s cover ed, a t wo- i nchl ayer of ext i ngui shi ng powder shoul d be put on t he f l oor besi de t hef i r e and t he bur ni ng mat er i al r aked ont o t he i nsul at i ng l ayer andr esmot her ed.

d.

Symbol 4.

Thi s gr oup i ncl udes Cl asses 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10ammuni t i on and oxpl asi ves.

223

TM 4- 1900

Par s, 166- 167Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vai ; vr r

f i ght i ng f or d Avr i ve, except t hat shoul d a f i r e occur i n a cl osedMagazi ne, t hey wi l l not at t empt t o ent er t he magazi ne.

c.

Hunt er s ei t her i nsi de or out si de a magazi ne ar ea who ar e f oundusi ng f i r e- ar ms i n a manner whi ch may endanger st or es wi l l be r epor t ed .

Hunt er s i n such ar eas shoul d be war ned not t o shoot .cf .

Except under emer gency condi t i ons, guar ds pr ot ect i ng ammu-ni t i on and expl osi ves, wi l l not be ar t ned wi t h r i f l es,

Gener al l y, shotguns ar e r ecommended f or guar d pur poses.

Many mi l i t ar y expl osi vesar e not i ni t i at ed by l ow vel oci t y pr oj ect i l es, but any bul l et st r i ki ngexpl osi ves may cause a ser i ous f i r e and/ or expl osi on.

Guar ds pr ot ect -i ng expl osi ves or ammuni t i on wi l l be i nst r uct ed r egar di ng t he dangerof f i r i ng i n t he di r ect i on of a magazi ne.

e.

Guar ds shoul d he i nst r uct ed t o make a pr ompt r epor t of t hef ol l owi ng :

( 1)

Any unusual occur r ence i n or near a magazi ne ar ea.( 2)

Gr ass or f or est f i r es i n ar eas adj acent t o t he magazi ne ar ea,( 3) Danger ous pr act i ces of per sonnel war ki r i g i n magazi nes or

expl osi ves ar eas, such as smoki ng, unaut hor i zed use of f i r e equi pment ,and t amper i ng wi t h ammuni t i on or el ect r i cal equi pment

( 4)

Unl ocked magazi nes doomand shut t er s, def ect i ve t el ephoneand el ect r i c wi r es, and openi ngs i n f ences sut r oundi ng t he magazi nes.

767. ( *h; NERAL.

sect i on 11

STORAGE

a.

I n t hese gener al pr ecaut i ons, t he war d " magazi ne" i s i nt endedt o cover any space cont ai ni ng a suppl y of expl osi ve mat er i al , andi ncl udes such pl aces as an abovegr ound magazi ne, ear t h- cover ed i gl oo-t ype magazi ne, r ai l r oad car , t he body of a mot or t r uck, a t empor ar yshel t er , or a st ack.

h.

Gener al st or age r egul at i ons ar e cont ai ned i n AR700- 10, Regu.l at i ons f ar or dnance est abl i shment s ar e cont ai ned i n t he Or dnanceSaf et y Manual ( 0, 13, Far mNo. 7224) , and Or dnance Depar t mentSaf et y Bul l et i ns whi ch suppl ement t hat manual , Regul at i ons andi nst r uct i ons i n t hi s sect i on ar e f or Zone of I nt er i or Mass I , I I and I I Ii nst al l at i ons whi ch st or e l i mi t ed quant i t i es of expl osi ves and ammuni -t i on . Lar ger quant i t i es shoul d be st or ed i n accor dance wi t h r egul a-

423

Par s . 167- 168

TM 9- 1400Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr ewr v$6on

t i ot i s pr escr i bed f or Cl ass I V ; nst al l at i ons under t he cont r ol of t heChi ef of Or dnance. Regul at i ons f or over seas i nst al l at i ons ar e con-t ai ned i n FM9. 6, " Ammuni t i on Suppl y" , and FM9- 20, " ' Or dnanceAmmuni t i on Company, Or dnance Ammuni t i on Bat t al i on, "

1613, GF1; 1hl ( AL SoTORACL PRECAUTI ONS.Expl osi ves and ammuni t i on shoul d be st or ed i n bui l di ngs

desi gned. desi gnat ed, and i sol at ed f or t he speci f i c pur pose. Expl o6vesand ammuni t i on wi l l not he st or ed i n bui l di ngs whi ch ar e used f orot her pur poses such as basement s or at t i cs of bar r acks, companysuppl y r ooms: or gener al st or ehouses, When speci al l y const r uct edmagazi nes ar e not avai l abl e. t he bui l di ngs used must af f or d good pr o-t ect i on agai nst moi st ur e and dampness, and have means f or adequat event i l at i on_ They must be f l oor ed wi t h appr oved mat er i al ar i d maynot be heat ed by open f i r es or st oves.

l ) . Ammuni t i on shoul d be st acked by l ot number i n st acksar r anged so ( hat no obst acl e i s of f er ed t o f r ee ci r cul at i on of ai r beneat hand t hr oughout t he st ack . When mor e t han one l ot i s st or ed, al li t ems or cont ai ner s of a l ot shoul d be st or ed t oget her and t he l i ne ofsepar at i on bet ween l ot s cl ear l y i ndi cat ed . Lot s of ammuni t i on shoul dnever be mi xed at r andom, The t ops of ammuni t i on st acks shoul dbe bel ow t he l evel of t he eaves t o avoi d t he heat ed space di r ect l ybeneat h t he r oof . The bot t om l ayer shoul d be r ai sed of f t he f l oorabout t wo i nches,

Dunnage shoul d be l evel ; i f necessar y, shi ms orwedges, shoul d be used.

St acks shoul d not be so hi gh t hat ammuni t i onor i t s cont ai ner s i n t he l ower l ayer s wi l l be cr ushed or def or med.Par t l y f i l l ed boxes shoul d be f ast ened secur el y, mar ked, and kept ont he t op of t he pi l e .

e . Ruxes, cases, and ot her cont ai ner s of ammuni t i on shoul d becl ean and dr y bef or e bei ng st or ed . Ammuni t i on cont ai ner s shoul d notbe opened i n a magazi ne. They shoul d not be st or ed af t er havi ngbeen opened unl ess t hey ar e secur el y cl osed. except t hat ammuni t i onand expl osi ves i n damaged cont ai ner s i n pr ocess of bei ng r epai r ednLay be st or ed over ni ght i n magazi nes . When i t i s necessar y t o st or eammuni t i on and expl osi ves over ni ght i n damaged cont ai ner s, t heyshoul d be separ at ed f r omser vi ceabl e ammuni t i on.

Repai r or changeof cont Ai ner wi l l not t ake pl ace i n or wi t hi n 100 f eet of a magazi necont ai ni ng expl osi ves .

d.

Rounds or component s wi l l not be kepi l oose i n a magazi ne.No empt y cont ai ner , excess dunnage, or t ool s shoul d be per mi t t ed t or emai n i n a magazi ne. No oi l y r ags, pai nt , t ur pent i ne, et c, wi l l bel ef t i n a magazi ne cont ai ni ng ammuni t i on or expl osi vea,

216

TM 9- 7900

Par s . 168- 169Car e, Har bdl i ng, and Pr e$er vat i r m

I mpr ovi sed ammuni t i on such as " Mol ot ov Cockt ai l s, " handgr enades of ni t r ni t ar ch, commer ci al f i r ewor ks i nt ended t o si mul at eammuni t i on, and ot her nonst andar d devi ces shoul d be pr epar ed i n ani sol at ed or es or bui l di ng f r ee of l oose expl osi ves f i nd wast e paper orot her combust i bl e mat er i al . Al l such wor k shoul d be per f or medunder di r ect super vi kon of compet ent exper i enced per sons. Thequant i t y of expl osi ves pr esent shoul d be t he mi ni mumnecessar y f ort he oper at i on, whi ch shoul d be car r i ed out hi conf or mi t y wi t h quan-t i t y- di bt ance and i nhabi t ed- bui l di ng di st ance r equi r ement s f or cl ass10 ammuni t i on gi ven i n par agr aph 172. The number of per sons per -mi t t ed at or near t he oper at i ons shoul d be kept t o a mi ni mum. Whena sur pl us of such mat er i al must be st or ed, under no ci r cumst ancesshoul d i t be st or ed i n a magazi ne wi t h ot her expl osi ves or ammuni t i onbecause t he i t ems ar e gener al l y of subst andar d const r uct i on and t heexpl osi ve cont ent may be of sucb a nat ur e ag t o pr esent a ser i oushazar d i n st or age and handl i ng,

f . I nf l ammabl e l i qui ds and ammuni t i on shoul d not be st or edt oget her or cl ose t o each ot her , Ammuni t i on sboul d be separ at ed byt he i nhabi t ed- bui l di ng di st ance ( par . 172) f r om handl i ng or st or ageof i nf l ammabl e l i qui ds t o pr event f i r es or i gi nat i ng i n one ar ea spr ead-i ng t o anot her ,

g.

Chemi cal ammuni t i on wi l l be st or ed separ at el y, so pl aced t hateach cont ai ner may be i nspect ed f or l eaks and may be' easi l y r emoved,

h. Ammuni t i on assembl ed wi t h t r acer pyr ot echni cs, pr opel l i ngchar ges, and ot her ammuni t i on i t er nr r , shoul d be st or ed under t he beatcover avai l abl e, pr ef er abl y i n a bui l di ng pr ovi di ng pr ot ect i on agai nstdampness and havi ng adequat e vent i l at i on, Tr acer ammuni t i on i ssubj ect t o r api d det er i or at i on i f damp end may i gni t e spont aneousl y.

i .

Tr uck mot or s shoul d not be st ar t ed whi l e t he magazi ne doori s open, However , a mot or t r uck may Appr oach a magazi ne wi t houtt he necessi t y of cl osi ng t he magazi ne door s pr ovi ded t he f ol l owi ngr equi r ement s ar e compl i ed wi t h;

( 1)

The mot or exhaust i s equi pped wi t h an ef f ect i ve spar k- andf l ame- ar r est i ng devi ce i n t he exhaust l i ne,

( 2) No exposed expl osi ve mat er i al i & bei ng t r anspor t ed orhandl ed.

( 3 )

No expl osi ve mat er i al i s l ocat ed on t he pl at f or mor ot her wi seout si de t he magazi ne or t r uck whi l e t he engi ne i s r unni ng.

1( , 9, OUTSI DE STOI LA. GE.a. Out si de st or age of expl osi ves and ammuni t i on i s nei t her

desi r abl e nor r ecommended, and must be r esor t ed t o onl y as an smer -gency expedi ent . When such st or age must be empl oyed, bombs andsepar at e- l oadi ng shel l wi l l be gi ven pr ef er ence over packaged ammu-

277

Par . i 69

TM 9- 1900Car e, Handl i 4, and Pr eser vat i on

f i gur e 153 - I gl oo- t ype Magazi ne

ni t i on,

I n or der t hat out si de st or age of expl osi ves and ammuni t i onmay be kepi t o a mi ni mum. f ul l advant age must be t aken of t he cubi ccapaci t y of al t i magazi nes, wi t hi n t he l i mi t s pr escr i bed by t hi s manual ,Whet s i t becomes necessar y t o ut i l i ze out si de st or age wi t hi n t he con-t i nent al Uni t ed St at e, i t shal l be i n accor dance wi t h t he di st ancer equi r ement s of par agr aph 172,

h . Si t es f or out door st or age wi l l be car ef ul l y chosen t o avoi dexposur e t o power l i nes. Ammuni t i on shoul d not be l ocat ed adj acentt o r eser voi r s, under gr ound wat er mai ns, el ect r i c cabl es, or sewer l i nes,Out door st or age shoul d be l ocat ed wher e t her e i s good sur f ace dr ai n-age. Out door st or age shal l conf i ar mt o quant i t y- di st ance r equi r ement sf or abovegr ound magazi nes,

c .

The suppor t i ng t i mber s or pl at f or ms upon whi ch ammuni t i oni s st or ed shoul d be wel l const r uct ed t o pr event f el l i ng, saggi ng, andshi f t i ng of t he ammuni t i on.

d . Cr at ed and packaged ammuni t i on, smokel ess powder , pyr o-t echni cs, and bal k hi gh expl osi ves shoul d not be st or ed out door s.Ef f or t s shoul d be made t o avoi d t he necessi t y f or out door st or age ofany t ype of ammuni t i on.

4".

Car e wi l l he exer ci sed i n cl osi ng openi ngs i n l oaded bombs andot her ammuni t i on whi ch have not been compl et el y assembl ed. Tem-por ar y pl ugs used as cl osur es shoul d be set down agai nst sui t abl ewasher s so t hat di r t and moi st ur e cannot ent er ,

f .

St i s advi sabl e t o cover pi l es of bombs and shel l wi t h some t ypeof wat er pr oof mat er i al t o guar d agai nst di r ect exposur e t o t he at mosYpher e, pr ovi ded t hat adequat e vent i l at i on i s assur ed.

TM9- 1900

Par s . 169- 171Car p, Handl i ng, and Pr eser va6or x

Fi gur e I S4 - St andar d Mogo2i neI LA PO 89] 79

g.

Fr equent i nspect i ons shal l be t i nade t o l ocal e saggi ng pi l es andt o det ect accumul at i on of t r ash bet ween or under t he st acks.

170. TEMPORARY STf l l { ACE AND HOLDI NG YARDS.a.

Tempur ar v nt or agc yar ds.

I n somk cases, i t may be f oundnecessar y t o hol d car s of ammuni t i on f or a per i od of snor e t hen 24hour s but not exceedi ng 2 weeks.

The car s ar e consi der ed as above-gr ound magazi nes. Exi st i ng t r acks maybe ut i l i zed pr ovi ded quant i t y-di st ances f or shave- gr ound magazi nes ar e compl i ed wi t h. The car sshoul d be gr ouped so t hat each gr oup i s l i mi t ed t o 250, 000 pounds ofhi gh expl osi ve, and so t hat gr oupe ar e sWar at ed f r omeach ot her bya mi ni mumdi st ance of $00 f eet .

I f t he f ul l di st ances cannot be pr o-vi ded, t hen gr oups may be spaced 400 f eet apar t i n al l di r ect i ons,pr ovi ded one or mor e car s of i ner t mat er i al s or of smal l - ar ms ammuni -t i on ar e spot t ed bet ween t he gr oups .

h.

Hol di ng yar d. The car s an t het r acks ar e consi der ed as abovegr ound magazi nes.

To pr ovi de f l exi bi l i t y of st or age, yar ds shoul d bel ai d out so t hat t he t r acks ar e 400 f eet apar t wi t h abar r i cadebet weent he t r acks,

The car s shal l be i n gr oups so t hat each gr oup i s l i mi t edt o 250, 000 pounds of hi gh expl osi ve and t he di st ance bet ween gr oupsi s $00 f eet unbar r i caded or 400 f eet bal Ti caded.

171. MAGAZMES AND MAGAZI NE AREA.a.

Magazi ne ar eas.

I t i s essent i al t hat expl osi ves and ammuni t i onbe segr egat ed i n an ar ea speci f i cal l y set asi de f or t hei r excl usi ve

229

Par . 171

Mognz nr . cor i a, ni r . g" - ( Y, ) I F, i f cxl : l osi ye: r n 75 mr n HEshel l

( <l 5ss 41

Car e. Handl i ng, and Fl esAl *"On

' I ni mhi f uvi 6ui f di r awdi si onccf . on. nmi nuni ! f an i o expf , ) r i ac;

12' C'(mi uUa hazar dl

. Moar : xmc ar ea cumt : i ni r g17. 000 I l l cf exp. v: . vci l ' 9t - r r. m HE shel l . ( . f omr 1

f i pr bmvk- down saebt i ow1

(magazi ne di sl ame;

Magazi ne Cont ai ni ng14. 0 : Y: I L of expl osi vei n 7' . mmHE shel l

f dou <)

%. 6 . NJna- 6ui 0ng di sdoocef . or . pm. nVAl i l an 10 powd9r ;

1 00'; mi sO, hnr ur a :

A- I nhabi t ed bui l di ng di st aaccs must sepor at c magazi ne ur eus.

223'f magczi r Xr di am. Xce;

I B-Magazi r i t di sl ames must sspar at c mogo=i neLwi t hi n a magazi ne ar cs .

TM 9- 1900

Mago zi ne cant ai ni i g6` a: I b r ; f eXO' . csvei n - 5 mmHE shel l

( Cl y ; S 4i

RA PG19318A

Fi gur e 15S - Spar i ng Magazi nes andMagazi ne Ar eas230

fX. Xhv6i: ed- bu. I . JXng o' i sr vncc. Mpr l . Jzl r ) e Cr ea Cqn $ i r on: mVl osi r e f o pnwder l Magazl nt , ar f q COn

t wi ni ng I O000' b t pi ni ny 1D, ( p; ) 1t >Lr f bul k smct cl e: ; : ; of r xpl asi vcpcl Wde: ! r l vxi 2; 1?40' +deni 4Nt i on 6am6r ;

, r ConcXssi an hazer dl Ohm101

1

TM9- 19W

Par , 171Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vai i on

st or age, Thi ai ar ea need not be l ar ge, but i t i s i mpor t ant t hat i t besegr egat ed f r om bar r acks, hospi t al s, admi ni st r at i on bui l di ngs, publ i chi ghways, i nhabi t ed bui l di ngs end r ai l r oad& Magazi ne ar eas shoul dbe l ai d out wi t h r egar d t o access f r ommor e t han one di r ect i on; r oadsand t r acks shoul d be l ooped, Magazi nes shoul d not be l ocat ed overi mpor t ant wat er mai ns or cl ose enough t o i mpor t ant power l i nes t odamage t hem i n case of an expl osi on.

I t .

Magazi nes . Magazi nes ( f i gs. 153 and 154) shoul d be desi gned,const r uct ed, and l ocat ed wi t h speci al at t ent i on t o t he cl ass of mat e-t i al s t o be st or ed t her ei n and shoul d compl y wi t h t he f ol l owi ng gener alr egt i i r er nent s

( 1)

Magazi nes shoul d be const r uct ed of mat er i al s whi ch, i n t heevent of an expl osi on, wi l l not f or mdanger ous mi ssi l es or f i r ebr ands,Magazi nes shoul d not be l ocat ed upon cont i nuous r ock st r at a becauseof t he possi bl e t r ansmi ssi on of shock wave t o excessi ve di st ances.

( ' 7)

Magazi nes shoul d be f i r epr oof unl ess t he nat ur e of t he hazar dper mi t s t he use of a f r ame bui l di ng cover ed wi t h f i r e- r esi st ant mat e-r i al such as cor r ugat ed sheet asbest os. Wher e i t has been necessar yt o const r uct concr et e- f l oor ed, wooden- ar ched, ear t h- cover ed i gl oos i nl i eu of t he mor e per manent t ype of const r uct i on ( f i g, 153) , exposedwooden por t i ons of t heset empor ar y st r uct ur es shoul d be cover ed vr i t ha f i r e- r esi st ant mat er i al such as sheet r ock, asbest os, or a compar abl epr oduct . Pr ovi si on shoul d be made t o cover as much as possi bl e oft he f r ont and r ear , as wel l as t he si des, of t hese i gl oos wi t h ear t h asan ext r a pr ecaut i on.

Wi t h t hi s t ype of const r uct i on, addi t i onal car eshoul d be t aken t o pr event seepage of moi st ur e i nt o t he st r uct ur e,

( 3 )

Each magazi ne shoul d be pr ovi ded wi t h vent i l at or s whi chshoul d be scr eened agai nst spar ks,

( 4)

Al l door s shoul d be made t o f i t t i ght l y so as t o seal agai nstspar ks, dust , and di r t , and shoul d be f i r e- r esi st ant .

( 5)

Magazi nes shoul d be bui l t on wel l - dr ai ned gr ound.( 6)

Magazi nes must be l ocat ed so as t o be accessi bl e t o adequat et r anspor t at i on f aci l i t i es_

( 7)

Magazi nes must be pr ot ect ed agai nst l i ght ni ng by an ef f i ci entl i ght ni ng pr ot ect i on syst em. Det ai l s and speci f i cat i ons of l i ght ni ngpr ot ect i on syst ems pt mcr i bed f or or dnance est abl i shment s ar e con-t ai ned i n dr awi ngs pr epar ed by t he Or dnance Depar t ment .

c .

Newconst r uct i on. The const r uct i on of newbui l di ngs or mag-aai nes f or t he st or age of expl osi ves and ammuni t i on wi l l be i n accor d-ance wi t h dr awi ngs and speci f i cat i ons f or magazi nes pr epar ed by t he

Par . I I I

TM9- 1900Car e, Handl i nt ¢, and Pt eSer vat i on

Or dnance Depar t ment . Layout pl ans f or pr oposed magazi ne ar easand t hei r l ocat i on on a r eser vat i on must be appr oved by t he Chi ef ofOr dnance.

El .

Ar r angement of NUr agazi nes .

I n ar r angi ng t he st or age of haz-ar dous mat er i al i n abovegr ound ( not concr et e i gl oo- t ype) magazi nes,t he f ol l owi ng gener al pr i nci pl es shoul d be f ol l owed as gui des f orpr event i ng t he spr ead of damage t hr oughout an ent i r e ar ea i n case ofa f i r e or expl osi on i n one par t of t he ar ea :

( 1) Smokel ess powder or ot her mat er i al s whi ch may becomehazar dous i f t he bui l di ngs i n whi ch t hey ar e st or ed ar e damaged ordemol i shed, or whi ch t r ay be i gni t ed or expl oded by bur ni ng or ex-pl odi ng mi ssi l es, shoul d be st or ed at i nhabi t ed- bui l di ng di st ancesf r om hi gh- expl osi ves and ammuni t i on magazi nes .

( 2)

Bul k hi gh expl osi ves or bombs shoul d be st or ed so t hey wi l lbe pr ot ect ed f r om mi ssi l es whi ch may be t hr own f r om ammuni t i onmagazi nes as a r esul t of expl osi ons. Thi s pr i nci pl e t equi r es t hat amagazi ne i n whi ch bul k expl osi ve i s st or ed be at mi ssi l e di st ance f r oma magazi ne i n whi ch ammuni t i on i s st or ed,

( 3)

I n appl yi ng t he pr i nci pl es set f or t h i n ( 1) and ( 2) above,magazi nes si t uat ed bet ween ar eas i n whi ch ammuni t i on, hi gh ex-pl osi ves, or smokel ess powder ar e st or ed may be used f or t he st or ageof such ot her mat er i al as wi l l mi ni mi ze t he danger of f i r es or expl osi vespr ogr essi ng f r omar ea t o ar ea ( f i g. 155) .

e.

Cur e. and mai nt enance of magazi nei s.

Regul ar i nspect i on wi l lbe made of each magazi ne and magazi ne ar ea t o see i f r epai r s ar eneeded, and t o i nsur e t hat t he gener al saf et y r egul at i ons set f or t h i nt hi s manual , par t i cul ar l y t hose whi ch r ef er t o t he cl eanl i ness of mag-azi nes and el i mi nat i on of f i r e hazar ds, ar e st r i ct l y obser ved.

( 1)

To i nsur e cont i nuous and r el i abl e pr ot ect i on, l i ght ni ng pr o,t ect i on syst ems shoul d be i nspect ed not l ess t han t wi ce a year .

Onceyear l y, each syst em shoul d be t est ed el ect r i cal l y, Gui dance f or t het est s and t he equi pment wi t h whi ch t o make t hemmay be obt ai nedf r omt he Of f i ce of t he Chi ef of Or dnance.

( 2)

Roof s must be mai nt ai ned i n t he best possi bl e condi t i on andvent i l at or s scr eened agai nst spar ks. Ther e must be no unpr ot ect edopeni ngs ar ound t he f oundat i on and no cr acks i n t he wal l s . Door smust be t i ght and spar kpr oof .

( 3)

I nt er i or s of magazi nes must be cl ear . Pai nt , oi l , gasol i ne,wast e, r ags, and ot her such ext r aneous i nf l ammabl e mat er i al shoul dnot be l ef t i n magazi nes.

TM9- T900

Par , 171Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

( 4)

Fl oor s must be f r ee of gr i t and such st ai ns as t hose causedby exudi ng 0i el l or cl ynar ni t e,

Exudat e f r omshel l shoul d t i e r emovedby scr ubbi ng Mt h hot wat er . Exudat e or oi l y st ai n f r om dynami t emust be r emoved by s»: r ubbi ng wi t h hot wat er , acet one, or ot hersui t abl e sol vent s.

( 5) The 50- f oot f i r ebr eak must he kept f r ee f r om i nf l ammabl emat er i al s . Fi r e- f i ght i ng equi pment such as wat er bar r el s and sandhor s must be kept f ul l and heady f or use.

( b) Maga2i t i es must be kept l ocked, except when opened f orneoessar y oper at i ons or i nspect i on.

( 7)

When open, a magazi ne must ' be i n t he per sonal car e of anof f i cer or ot her r esponsi bl e per son ot her t han t he near est sent r y,

( 8)

Keys must be under t he super vi si on of t he i ndi vi dual r espon-si bl e f or t hei r ,

( 9)

When l eavi ng t he magazi ne, t he per son i n char ge of oper a-t i ons must make sur e t hat al l door s and r shut t er s ar e secur el y l ocked.

( 10)

A magazi ne pl acar d, " St or age and Cor e of Expl osi ves, " O. ( , 1 .For mNo, 5991, must be post ed i n ever y magazi ne, posi t i oned so t hati t wi l l be conspi cuout a t o el l wor ki ng per sonnel i nsi de.

f . Hepai r s t o magozi nr , 4. Magazi nes wi l l be r epai r ed underdi r ect super vi si on of a compet ent per son who wi l l der i de whet her ornot t he cont ent s of t he magazi nes ar e t o be r emoved whi l e r epai r s ar emade. Under nor mal condi t i ons, r ooht . l i ght ni ng r ods, vent i l at or s,&vr e, et c. , may be r epai r ed, and mi nor r epai r s may be made t o t hei nt er i or of t he magazi ne wi t hout r emovi ng t he cont ent s. Thi s doesnot appl y t o magazi nes cont ai ni nWbul k expl osi ves, When magazi nesar e r epai r ed, t he gener al saf et y pr ecaut i ons get f or t h i n t hi s manualwi l l be campl i e<l wi t h.

I n addi t i on, t he f ol l owi ng especi al . r egul at i onswi l l be obser ved :

( 1)

Wor k- wi l l be done by car ef ul , exper i enced wor kmen,( 2)

The f l oor i n t he vi ci ni t y of t he wor l ; wi l l be swept and anyst ai ns scr ubbed wi t h hot waf er ,

( 3)

No wor k r equi r i ng sol der i ng, mel t i ng of asphal t , or use of abl owt or ch wi l l be done i n a magazi ne cont ai ni ng expl osi ves of ammu-r si t i on,

( 4)

No r epai r s wi l l be made t o t he i nt er i or of a magazi ne con-t ai ni ng bul k expl osi ves unt i l al l expl osi ves have been r emoved and t hei nt er i or washed wi t h wat er .

( 5) Al l per so, t s shoul d be sear ched f or mat ches bef or e bei ngal l owed t o ent er any magazi ne.

17C111 0

4s, - 19

733

Pai r s.

165- 166

7Jwl

4- 1980

Car d,

Handl i ng, and Fr e6er va9i on

( 1)

Ever y

ef f or t

shoul d be

made t o pr event a f i r e f r omr eachi ng

t hi s

cl ass of nr nat er i Rl , whi ch i s especi al l y hazar dous

.

I f

a f i r e occ

ur si n

such a magazi ne when per sonnel ar e pr esent , t hey shoul d at t empt

t o put

t he f i r e

out wi t h

t he equi pment at hand

.

pr ovi di ng i t hai r not

act ual l y r eached

t he mat er i al and t her e i s a

good chance

of put t i ng

t he

f i r e out

.

Ot her wi se, t hey wi l l evacuat e t he magazi ne

and t akecover ,

I f f i r e br eaks out i n a magazi ne cont ai ni ng hi gh expl osi ves,

f i r e- f i ght i ng

f or ces wi l l not i mmedi at el y appr oach t he f i r e

.

Unl ess

speci f i c

i nf or mat i on

i s avai l abl e

ei t her f r om one who was pr esent

when

t he f i r e was di scover ed or f r omi nt i mat e knowl edge

of t he

con-

st r uct i on of t he

bui l di ng and l ocat i on of t he expl osi ves i ndi cat i ng t hat

i t

i s saf e t o appr oach

t he f i r e,

f i r e- f i ght i ng

f or ces

wi l l

r emai n

a t hou-

sand

f eet

di st ant wher e

up t o 50, 000 pour er % of hi gh expl osi ves

ar ei nvol ved, or pr opor t i onal l y

gr eat er di st ance up t o 2, 040 f eet f or

100, 000

pounds of hi gh expl osi ves, unt i l expl osi ons have

occur r ed,i ndi cat i ng

t he pr obabl e dest r uct i on of t he expl osi ves pr esent , Fi r e-

f i ght i ng

f or ces and t hei r equi pment must not

be

exposed

t o

unneces-

sar y

r i sk wher e t hese mat er i al s ar e i nvol ved, Demol i t i on or gener al

pur pose

bomb, and ant i t ank mi nes

ar e l i abl e

t o det onat e en masse,

and

pr opel l i ng char ges

may

expl ode,

pr oduci ng

heat t hat may bl i st er

t he

pai nt on bui l di ngs 504 f eet away

.

Bul k

hi gh expl osi ves packed i n

boxes

wi l l usual l y

bur n qui et l y, but

may det onat e, Bl ack powder ,

phot of l ash

bombs, smokel ess powder i n hul k, and unpacked pr opel l i ng

char ges,

expl ode or f l ar h so qui ckl y t hat t her e

i s no

t i me t o do any-

t hi ng

t o

save t he

magazi ne i nvol ved,

I n

al most ever y

i nst ance,

t he

ef f or t s of f i r e

f i ght er s wi l l be conf i ned t o pr event i ng

f i r e f r om spr ead-i ng

t o adj acent bui l di ngs or magazi nes

.

166,

GUARD PR( f f EC

. °l ` YON.a.

Magazi nes

and ar eas i n whi ch t her e ar e expl osi ves and ar nmu-

ni t i on wi l l b

guar ded adequat el y at al l t i mes

.

Magazi ne ar eas shoul d

be pr ot ect ed

by non- cl i mbabl e f ences, ent r ances t o whi ch wi l l be

l ocked unl ess

guar ds ar e st at i oned at t hem,

Speci al pr ecaut i ons wi l lbe

t aken t o guar d ar eas whi ch ar e not pr ot ect ed

by a sui t abl e f ence-h.

Guar ds,

and ot her s i n char ge

of expl osi ves andammuni t i on, wi l lbe

t hor oughl y

i nst r uct ed

i n t he hazar ds

due t o f i r e and expl osi ons

and

t he

yaf st y pr ecaut i ons t o be t aken,

They

wi l l be i nst r uct ed t hat t hei r

most

i mpor t ant dut y i s t o pr ot ect expl osi ves and ammuni t i on agai nst

f i r e.

Al ar ms wi l l be gi ven wi t h t he gr eat est possi bl e speed so as t o

st ar t

act i on i nst ant l y

.

Ser i ous

f i r es and expl osi ons have been avoi ded

by

pr ompt act i on of f i r e- f i ght i ng f or ces

.

Af t er gi vi ng t he al ar m, guar ds

wi l l

exer t ever y ef f or t t o hol d t he f i r e under cont r ol unt i l t he f i r e-

s24

Par e. 171- 172

TM 9- 1904Car e) , Handl i r Xdr and Pr eser vat i on

( 6)

Al l magazi nes vhoul d be car ef ul l y swr ept af t er r epai r s havebeen compl et ed, al t t ool s Shoul d be r eni uved af t er r epai r s have beencumpl et eel .

( 7)

The mager i no wi l l be i nspect ed by compet ent aut hor i t y af t err epai r s have been compl et ed.

172. QUAN' i TTY- DI STANCE CLASSES AND TABLES.

a.

To r educe t o a mi ni mum t he ha2ar ds and r i sks due t o f i r e andexpl osi on, t hese r egul at i ons pr escr i be :

( 1)

The di st ances whi ch wi l l be mai nt ai ned bet ween magazmes atmi l i t ar y est abl i shment s uncl publ i c hi ghways, publ i c bui l di ngs, publ i cr ai l ways, and i nl ) obi t ed bui l di ngs,

( 2)

The r l i r t ances t hat wi l l be mai nt ai ned bet ween magazi nes,( 3) The maxi mumquant i t y t hat wi l l be per mi t t ed i n any one

magazi ne,

h.

These pr ecuvt i omnot onl y pr ot ect po' r sons and pr oper t y i n t het er r i t or y adj acent t o mi l i t ar y est abl i shment s, but al so r educe t o ami ni mum t he possi bi l i t y of any expl osi on i nvol vi ng l ar ge masses ofexpl osi ves and ammuni t i on, and l i mi t t he quant i t y of mi l i t ar y suppl i est hat may be l ost i n any one expl osi on.

( 1)

I n t i me of war , mi l i t ar y r equi r ement s may make f ul l com-pl i ance wi t h saf et y r egul at i ons especi al l y di f f i cul t. Si nce t he pur poseof t he r egul at i ons i x t o r educe t o a mi ni mumt he l osses of per sonoeland mi l i t ar y st or es, and t o mai nt ai n t he f ul l ut i l i t y of mi l i t ar y est ab-l i shment s, t he compl i ance wi t h expl osi ves and ammuni t i on r egul at i onsi s consi der ed hi ghl y i i npor t ant i n w?. Ar t i me.

{ 2)

I n t i me of pence, t he quant i t y- di sl aTt r e t abl es set f or t h bel owwi l l be st r i ot l y compl i ed wi t h except when subj ect t o r educt i ons underspeci al condi t i ons as i TI Cl i cat ed bel ow and i Tn case of exi st i ng empl dce-Ment magazi nes et har bor - def ense i nsl al l at i ons. Such har bor - def ensemagazi nes m¬j y be used f or t hey st or age of ammuni t i on per t ai ni ng t ot he ar mament of t he emp] sr ement and not i n exca&c of i t s war r eser veal l owance. Magazi nes of emp1acemKTus f r om whi ch t he Ur mar nel ethas been r emoved or has beCOTr 3e obsol et e may be used f or t he st or ageof any cl ass of ammuni t i on and expl osi ves . pr ovi ded t he quant i t y-di st ance t abl es Hr e compl i ed wi t h.

( . 3) Bui l di ngs at mi l i t ar y est abl i shment s wher e l - or sonnel ar er egul ar l y l omt ed wi l l be pl aced at i nhabi t ed- bui l di ng di st ances f r omr nagar i l t i ec except when t he bui l di ngs ar e used f or oper at i ons i nci dentt o t he magazi ne ar ea,

234

TM 4- 1900

Par . 172Car e, Handl i ng, nnd Pr eser vat i on

c,

The di st ances speci f i ed i r i t hese t abl es of f er pr ot ect i on agai nstst r uct ur al damage and most mi ssi l es . Occasi onal mi ssi l es whi cht r avel a mi l e or mor e ar e not consi der ed because of t hei r r ar i t y,especi al l y when t he amount of mat er i al i nvol ved i n one expl osi on i sl i mi t ed by keepi ng pi l es sf nal l and spaci ng t hem so as t o l i mi t t heexpl osi on t o one pi l e,

I t wi l l be not ed t hat t he di st ances speci f i ed i nt he t abl es ar e based not on t he t ot al amount of expl osi ves i n t hemagazi nes, but upon t he mi ssi l e hazar d and t he amount t hat may bei nvol ved i n one expl osi on, The speci f i ed di st ances may be changedunder t he. f ol l owi ng speci al condi t i ons :

( 1)

I n st or age of cl asses 8, 9, and 10 i t ems, when a r naga2i ne i sef f ect i vel y bar r i caded or scr eened. f r om ot her bui l di ngs, magazi nes,r ai l way, and hi ghway, t he di st ances may be r educed one- hal f ,

Ef f ec-t i ve scr eeni ng can be obt ai ned by ut i l i zi ng nat ur al f eat ur es of t hegr ound or by an ar t i f i ci al bar r i cade at l east 4 f eet f r omt he magazi ne,at l east 3 f eet t hi ck at t he t op, at l east hi gh enough so t hat t he St r ai ghtl i ne ext ended f r omt he t op of t he si de wal l of t he magazi ne t o t he t opof t he bar r i cade wi l l pass above any par t of a bui l di ng t o be pr ot ect ed,and at l east 12 f eet above any publ i c hi ghway or publ i c r ai l way,Ar t i f i ci al bar r i cades shoul d consi st of ear t h or sand f i l l , wi t h not mor et han 15 per cent of st ones on gr ound, whi ch shoul d pass t hr ough 1- i nchopeni ngs.

( 2) Magazi nes of st andar d ear t h- cover ed concr et e- ar ch t ype( i gl oo t ype) and empl acement magazi nes, ar e consi der ed bar r i cadedon el l si des except t hat of t he ent r ance, whi ch si de may be bar r i cadedi f l ocal condi t i ons r equi r e,

( 3) Har bor def ense empl acement magazi nes i n a gr oup, bei ngsepar at ed f r om each ot her by subst ant i al di vi di ng wal l s, need notcompl y wi t h t he i nt er r nagazi ne di st ances, However , each magazi ne,as a uni t , must compl y wi t h t he t abl e di st ances f or i nhabi t ed bui l di ng,publ i c hi ghway, and publ i c r ai l way.

( 4)

Wher e t he const r uct i on of t he magazi ne i s such as ef ect ual l yt o st op t he mi ssi l es r esul t i ng f r oman expl osi on i n anot her magazi ne,t he di st ances bet ween t he t wo may be based upon t he t ot al expl osi vesmat er i al i n ammuni t i oncomponent s i i i t he l at t er magazi ne, consi der edas cl ass 9 i nst ead of t he di gt ance pr ever i bed f or t he cl ass st or ed.

Suchmagazi nes ar e t he st andar d ear t h- cover ed concr et e- ar ch t ype ( i gl oot ype) and empl acement magazi nes . The quant i t y t o be consi der edwi l l be t he t ot al quant i t y t o be st or ed i n t he magazi ne except wher especi f i c cases ar e except ed i n st ep ( 5) , bel ow.

( S)

SPECI AL. REQUI REMENTS FOR SPECI FI C CLASSES OF AMMUNITI Ox_

When ammuni t i on of Cl asses 6 and 7 ar e st or ed i n i gl oo maga-zi nes i n accor dance wi t h Or dnance dr awi ngs, t he ai sl e wi dt h i s notsuf f i ci ent t o pr ecl ude mass det onat i on. Ther ef or e, quant i t y- di st ance

2114

Par . 172 .

TM 9- 1900

Car e, i f endt i ng, ar nd Pr eser vat i on

Fi gur s 156 - Met hed of Sf acki ng Shel l i n Above- gr oundMvgazl no St or age

r equi r ement s f or Cl asses 6 end 7 when so st or ed i ncl udi ng t he max-i mum per mi t t ed i n each magazi ne, shal l be t hose pr escr i bed f orCl asses 9 and 10. 1n abovegr ound st or age magazi nes, t he quant i t y-di st ance t abl es f or ammuni t i on andammuni t i on component s of Cl asses6 and 7 ar e based on t he assumpt i on t hat on i ni t i at i on mesa det ona-t i ons wi l l not occur , end t hat t he det onat i on at any one i nst ant wi l lbe l i mi t ed t o t he amount cont ai ned i n one st ack and t hat t he mi ssi l edi st ance i s t he cont r ol l i ng consi der at i on. Ammuni t i on of Cl ass 6st or ed i n abovegr ound magazi nes shal l be spaced i n st acks cont ai n-i ng not over 5, 040 pounds of expl osi ves each, wi t h st acks spaced at ami ni mumof 2 f eet apar t _ Ammuni t i on of Cl ass 7 st or ed i i i above-gr ound magazi nes shal l be pl aced i n st acks cont ai ni ng not mor e t han15, 000 pounds of expl osi ves each and spaced i n accoYdence wi t h Or dnance Dr awi ng 19- 4$- 12 .

See f i gur es 156, 157, and 158.

I f st acki ngr equi r ement s ar e not sat i sf i ed i n t he st or age of Cl asses 6 and 7 mat e.r i al , i t wi l l be assumed t hat , on i ni t i at i on, al l ammuni t i on i n onemagazi ne wi l l det onat e en masse and t hat t he quant i t y- di st ance r e-qui r ement s, i ncl udi ng t he maxi mumper mi t t ed i n each magazi ne,shal l be t hose pr escr i bed f or Cl asses 9 and 14.

d.

Def i ni t i on" * Ter ms used i n t he f ol l owi ng t abl es ar e def i nedas f ol l ows :

( 1) I NHAxr THD Bui LmxG, Any bui l di ng or $t r uct ur e occupi edi n whol e or i n par t as a habi t at i on f or human bei ngs, wher e peopl e

226

Tm 9- 190#

Par . 171 X

Car e, f ancl r i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

237

QOF

ye4hQb

m

CV

4

O

f

w

aa

t i

Par . 172

TM 9- 1900


0o=wz0z_4J3

01p_XU. ]

0

za0.

15, 000MAXI MUM

14, 000

13. 00012, 104

12000

10, 000

9, 000

6, 000

7, 000

6, 000

5, 000

4, 000

3, 000

2, 000

1, 000

0

wr r r r r r r r r r r r r rr r wr wr r r r r r rCCCCi CCCSCCCCC' r r CCCCC" CCC" XXXXXCCCCCCX CCC"' CwI CCCmol lr r wwwwwwwr wwr r r r r r r r r r r w r C" r r r ur r r r r r CCwCr r r r r ur rr r w r r r wwr n8oom8=8o

r r r r r r r r r r r r XI Vi Xr r r r ur r r r r wr ur r r r r r r wwwwxwwwwwwwr wlr r wr r r wwr r r ar r r r r r r wwr r r r wr r wr r r ul Xr r xr r r r r r r r r wlr r r l l nr r r r r r i ar r r r r r r r wr wwr ur r wr r r r r r waxr r r r r wr wr wlr r wwwr r r r r r wwl wwr r wr r r r r r wwowr wr r r wr r wxwr r r r r r r wr wlr r r r r r r r r r r r uar r r r . uwr r r r r r r r f r r r "wr r r mr r r r wr r r sr r lr r r r r r wr wr r r uwwwr r wr r r r r r r r r r XI wr r r xwr r r r wr r r r lr r r r r r r r wr r r mr r r r r l l er r r r r r r r r r r wr r r r r r r wr wr r r r r r r r lBEENwi r r r r r vl r l er r r r r r r r r r uwwr r r r r r r r wr l XNr r r xwr r wr r r r r r lMEMO

r r wr wr wwr r r r r r r r r wwwl r r wr r wr ar r xwwr r wwwr orwwwwwwwwr r r r uuuwr wr uwwwwr wxr r r wr r wumXl r r r r r i r r r wr r r r r r r r r r wwr wr wr r r r r r r r r r nwwwwwwwwws. . Xr wr r r r r r r wwr r r r wr r r wr wr r wr r wr r r r wr r r r r nr wr wl Xwr r r nr wwnr wr r wr r wr Xwur wwuwwuwwwnr wr wuwr wir r r r r wwr r wwr r r r wr wr r r r wr r r r r r r r r r r r ur nr r r wl r Xl r r r uiwwwwr nwwr wr r www: wwwwwwwwwwr r r r wr xr r ww wwr nur r ur r r r ' Cwr r ur r r r r nuuwr l Xwur uuuwr r wur r wir Xr ur r r wr wr r ul a, I . r l Xr wr r r r nr r r r r i r nar r r r r r w_1XI wXi ,mI I Wi r r r r r r r wr wr wr r r r r r r r r r nr r r Xsr wwr r r r ur r r r r ' r r r wr r r r nr r r nr r r r r r r mr r r r wr wr r r r r w0

5

l 0

15 20 25 30 35 40 4045 50NOSE TONOSEORBASETOBASE, DI STANCES I N I NCHES

EXAMPLE SHOWN- M107 HE SHELL FOR 155- MMHOW. CONTAI NS 15. 151- 13S. OF EXPLOSI VE PERSHELL.STORI NG 80SHELL, 10 HI GH, OR 800 SHELLS I N ONEROWI S EQUAL TO800 X 15 . 13, OR 12, 104 LBS. OFEXPLOSI VE. FROMTHECHART, 12, 104 LBS I S EQUI VALENT TO A NOSETONOSE, OR BASETOBASE,DI STANCEOF 40. 5 I NCHES.NOTE=THEDI STANCES BETWEEN PI LES SHOWNBYTHI S CHART AREI NTENDEDTOLI MI T EXPLOSI ONSTOONE PI LE .

-

RA PD 89396

Fi gur e 138 - Quant i t y- Di st ance Char t f or , Above- gr ound Magazi neSt or age of Separ at e- l oadi ng Pr oj ect i l es

239

TM 9- 1900

Par . 171Car e, Fl andl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

ar e Accust omed t o assembl e, bot h wi t hi n and out si de of Gover nmentest abl i shment s. However , bui l di ngs on Gover nment est abl i shment si n whi ch peopl e ar e r egul ar l y engaged i n oper at i ons whi ch r equi r et he l ocat i on of such bui l di ngs i n t he magazi ne ar ea, may be pl aced i naccor dance wi t h i nt r apl ant or magazi ne- t o- magazi ne di st ances. Landl i mi t s or boundar i es of mi l i t ar y r eser vat i ons wi l l be consi der ed pos-si bl e si t es of i nhabi t ed bui l di ngs.

( 2)

PUBLI CRAI LWAY, Any st eam, el ect r i c, or ot her r ai l r oad whi chcar r i es passenger s f or hi r e.

( 3)

PUBLI CHI GI r wAy. Any st r eet , al l ey, r oad, or navi gabl e st r eamopen t o t he use of t he gener al publ i c,

( 4)

NAVI GABLE STkEAm_

Abody of wat er capabl e of ext ensi venavi gat i on by t ugs, bar ges, or l ar ger vessel s.

( S)

NEAREST MAGAZI NES. The near est magazi nes cont ai ni ng ex-pl osi ves or ammuni t i on. The amount of expl osi ves or ammuni t i onper mi t t ed t o be st or ed i n s magazi ne can somet i mes be i ncr eased i ft he near est magazi nes ar e f i l l ed wi t h i ner t mat er i al s, t hus gr eat l yi ncr easi ng t he di st ances t o t henear est magazi nes cont ai ni ng expl osi vesor ammuni t i on,

( b)

MAxi mumPERur r TED. The l ar gest amount of expl osi ves orammuni t i on per mi t t ed t o be st or ed i n a magazi ne even i f i t i s mor ei sol at ed t han t he t abl et s pr escr i be,

I t i s i mper at i ve t hat t he l oss ofmi l i t ar y suppl i es be kept t o an absol ut e mi ni mum.

( 7) STRUCTURAL ) DAMAGE. The ser i ous weakeni ng or di spl ace-ment of f oundat i ons or br i ck or st onesuppor t i ng WHI l s or t he br eaki ngof wooden mai n suppor t i ng member s i n out si de or i nsi de wal l s. Nor eadi l y r epar abl e damage such as br oken gl ass at - l oosened pl ast er i sconsi der ed st r uct ur al damage.

r .

Expl osi ve cont eut .

The expl osi ve cont ent of ammuni t i on orcomponent s i s shown i n t he t echni cal manual s f or each cal i ber andt ype of gun, on or dnance dr awi ngs, and i n ORD11 SNL' s; i f suchi nf or mat i on i s not avai l abl e, i t shoul d be r equest ed f r omt he Chi ef ofOr dnance. The quant i t i es shown i n t he f ol l owi ng t abl es wer e com-put ed as f ol l ows :

( 1)

SMOKELESS Powur R. The quant i t i es i n pounds ar e t he netwei ght s of t he powder i n t he boxes or i n t he pr opel l i ng char ges.

( 2)

PYROTECHNI CS.

The quant i t i es ar e based on t he net wei ghtof t he i l l umi nant or expl osi ve composi t i on.

( 3)

S$PARATE- LOADI NG AND UNFI XED SHE" ANDWMBs. Thequant i t i es at e comput ed by t aki ng t he net wei ght Of expl osi ve i n t hechar ge of one shel l and mul t i pl yi ng by t he number of shel l or bombsi n t he magazi ne,

9"

r ur ,

1 r sCar d, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

( 4)

FI XED AMMUNTMN. The quant i t y i s t he net wei ght of t hehi gh- expl osi ve char ge i n t he shel l mul t i pl i ed by t he number of r ounds,The smokel ess powder pr opel l i ng char ge i s so much l ess hazar doust hat i t i s not i ncl uded i n t he comput at i on f or t hi s cl ass of ammuni t i on.

( S)

RocxEY' S, Thequant i t y t o be consi der ed f or quant i t y- di st ancepur poses i s t he wei ght of t he hi gh expl osi ve i n t he head ( shel l ) pl ust he wei ght of t he pr opel l i ng char ge i n t he mot or .

I f t her e i s a det ona-t i on of t he expl osi ve i n t he head, t he pr opel l i ng char ge may be ex-pect ed t o det onat e as wel l . For cl assi f i cat i on of r ocket r not or s r ef ert o subpar agr aph 1 ( 4) .

f . Cl asses of expl osi ves and ut nr uuni t i on. The gr oupi ng ofexpl osi ves and ammuni t i on i nt o cl asses l i st ed bel ow does not i mpl yt hat t he i t ems i n a par t i cul ar cl ass ar e t o be st or ed t oget her but meansmer el y t hat t he hazar ds i nvol ved ar e si mi l ar f or al l i t ems i n t he samecl ass. The i t ems whi ch may be st or ed t oget her on one magazi ne ar eset f or t h i n t he Combi nat i on St or age Char t , par agr aph 173, Themaxi mumamount of expl osi ves per mi t t ed i n any l ocat i on i s t he t ogl i mi t f or t he di st ance speci f i ed. However , t he quant i t y may be exces-si ve f or any par t i cul ar case under condi t i ons sur r oundi ngt he i ndi vi dualoper at i ons . Ther ef or e, i t i s mandat or y t hat l ocal l i mi t s be est abl i shedi n amount no gr eat er t han t hose consi st ent wi t h cont i nuous andef f i ci ent oper at i on. Oper at i ons and per sonnel wi l l be so ar r angedconsi st ent wi t h cont i nuous ef f i ci ency as t o const i t ut e t he smal l estper sonnel exposur e t o any one expl osi on hazar d. When mi l i t ar yexpl osi ves an6 ammuni t i on ar e packed i n accor dance wi t h t he pr ovi -si ons of War Depar t ment dt awi ngs and speci f i cat i ons, t hey may begr ouped, accor di ng t o t he degr ee of hazar d i nvol ved, i nt o t he f ol l owi ngcl asses :

( 1)

CLASS 1. Smal l - ar mammuni t i on i ncl udi ng 20- mm, except HEendRE- 1 r ounds; ar r echar ucal t i me f uzes wi t hout boost er s; ATpr act i cegr enade; Engi neer Cor ps combi nat i on, pul l , pr essur e, and r el ease f i r i ngdevi ces; t her mi i ; r r r i t wr ' s sof ot y f use; f uss l r , 4ht er s M1 and M2, Thi scl ass i s pr i nci pal l y a f i r e hazar d, No quant i t y l i mi t i s pl aced on st or ageof mat er i al s i , n t hi s cl ass_

( f )

CLAss 2, Si nkl e- . base mul f i per f or ai ed st nokel eas powder oiweb t hi ckness gr eat er t han 0. 019 i nch; chemi cal &r nmuni i i on cor r t ai r i .i r r g phosphor us ( except compl et a r ounds) ; t her mi t e and si mi l ar bt on-i ng composi t i ons; i l l umi nat i ng, f l ar e, or $i gnal composi t i ons whi chhave been consol i dat ed i n t he f i nal pr ess oper at i ons ao t hat no ex-pl osi ve mat er i al i s expowd; d0- mmand 81- mmmor t ar i l l umi nat i ngshel l .

These mat er i al s may become unsaf e under ext r eme condi t i onsof moi st ur e, hi gh t emper at ur e, or age.

They bur n wi t h i nt ense heat ,but usual l y do not f or m danger ous mi ssi l es or gener at e pr essur eswhi ch wi l l cause ser i ous st r uct ur al damage t o adj acent magazi nes.

740

Smakol ea+ powder i n t : anf ai nsr a ( i r t bozos, powder cans, car t t i di go st or agecanes, et c . } : pyr of e4hni ca ( f oomot o' ) t cheadc$0 eat nwr dl l an cont ai ni ndphoaphUr us ( except compl et e r ounds) : or 60- mm ar w 81- nun mor t ari l l nmi r mt i ng chef ( f oor r i Ol e' )

QUANTI TY' I PQVMPS1

Ur er

CLASS 3. QUANTI TY- DI STANCE TABLE

Car e, Handl i r f j , and Pr es>ar vaf i an

Sr nakel es4 powder i n bul k ( xw i n conf ai nvs)

( r : ) Tot al Quant i t y of 1) yr ot er hnl e. or pyr ot " hnl c r oot cr i al a atMot exeeed 50, 000 pounds and r oast mat axeeed 200, Wo pounds .

' Pur : t onnes i n st aodyr d kl w mage=: nee, pr oscdbed di st anc*p snay- Cr pt Ne dc. x 4141,

MI NI MUM UNDARRI GA0l 0 DI Sr ANk1 I N FLI T FROM NI ARESTu

1r f 08pl l l ne

5075

10012$145155165175.1 . 85190195200250300350400

507S

10012514515516S175185190191200250300

=Fur pt or nve of Cl am 3 pyml whoi cs mar l pyr ot echni c mat er i al s, t hg ( al l owi ng i i guf s appl yunder t he cmdi t l gna Ri ven_

( al I f l ur of aat i nr r , af i r e or nKuol C- Pasi t i ont Whi ch have been owt sal i dMed i n t ba Snalyr es". f pemt i 0ns and er r an r 1Gwd t hat na r " f yl aai ve mat er i al i s ex" ed, and mUf f ur y pyr o-t echni cs, Myr *pt CI ass 9 nhnt er W, t hat have boon baxad and ar e r eady f or ; Mvment X may4t or ed at one- hal f of t he Ct asa 2 di st aaoaa,

f b)

I n quant Wes f r om 100 t o 500 wmdu, i nl t ahl t wi bui l di ng, pUkl i c r ai l way, end publ i chi ghway dl at ancea ar e 50 f eet ; mogusi ac di al pne+e i s 35 f eet .

any ona l oco" shoul d

ba bpl ved f r om al l si desah( exi mum quant i t y r anni t t ed of any ' wse l neat I ML ( except pyr ot echoi r s ar ks pyr ot ecbni e

r kl at edal p 1' Wl uo r r pf essar y, 60- mmand B1- MAt mor t ar 1111Mt i not i og hr t ee11 may be st or ed Mt h Cl asp 4I t ems,

100 1, 060 100 100 1001, 000 5, 000 150 150 1505, 000 10, 000 200 200 200

10, 000 20, 000 X50 250 2302o, 0ao 30, 000 285 255 28530, 000 40, 000 310 310 31040, 000 50, 400 ; 530 330 33050, 000 60, 000 34S 395 34560, 600 70. 000 3150 340 36070 . 000 86, 000 3' 75 375 37$1' 0, 000 90, 000 390 390 39090, 000 100, 000 400 40f ) 400

100, 000 200, 000 500 500 500300, 000 300, 0000 600 600 1500

I nhabi r edsuI l di aS

Nbl i rR. I l w0T

Publ i cI I I ghway

1 75 75 751 115 115 115

150 150 150190 140 190215 21$ 21$235 235 235250 250 150360 3f i 0 230270 210 702130 180 280' 195 295 295300 300 : 300375 375 375450 450 450525 x25 525600 600 ( r o0

100 1, 0001, 000 5, U005, 000 10, 000

10, 000 20. 00020, U00 sa, 00030, 001) 40, ( 10040, OOa 50, 00650, u4o 64, 00060, OOQ 1U. 00070, 000 50, 0000, M0 90, 00090, ( ) 00 100, 000

100, 000 200, 000m0, 4ao 3oa, 000300, Ooo 400, 000400, 000 500, 000;

Par . 173Car e, Hat wdl i nl Land Fr eser vat i on

( 3)

CLAss 3. Al l l oaded f uses except f uzes conf ai r ung HE1oadt adboost a' s; ATpr act i ce mi nes cont ai nng a smoke char ge; and ar t i l l er ypr i mer s, These usual l y expl ode pr ogr essi vel y, not mor e t han a boxor t wo at a t i me. Pr essur es whi ch wi l l cause st r uct ur al damage t oadj acent magazi nes usual l y ar e not gener at ed.

Mi ssi l es ar e smal l at i dl i ght , and usual l y f al l wi t hi n 100 yar ds.

' Bor r t or age i r i 94ondar dexcspt t he duve 9aA-

i al ao nbapZl . nna, pr escr i br d di gt ancer may be f Xal vCd f r om el l ol d- ) a

r Maxi wPm quant i t y vnf r al et Gd at ooy vow l ocat i on .

( 4)

CLASS 4.

When packed i n accor dance wi t h or dnance dr aw-i ngs and speci f i cat i ons ; Fi xed and ser ni f i xed ar t i l l eey ammur r i t r on i n-cl udi ng 20- mmHE- 1 ( compl et e r ounds) , wi t h al l t ypes cd pr oj e<t i f esexcept pent ol i t e- l oaded shel f ; l i ght mor t ar Ammuni t i on ( 81- mmendsmal l er ) ; gr enades, i ncl udi ng pr act i ce gr enade Mk 2; ant i per wr ur elmi r e M2; bl ank amml mi t i or r f ar canmr i ; r ocket ammuni t i on assem-bl ed i n compl et e r ounds, except t hose wi t h HE- l oaded heads but i n-cl udi ng 4. 3- i nch TNT- l oaded r ocket T22, and Locket mot or s ( see f oot -noi e; ; , Cl ass 4 Quant i t y- Di st ance Tabl e, I t ems i n t hi s cl ass usual l yexpl ode pr ogr essi vel y, onl y a f ew boxes at a t i me, and many expl o-si ons. of i ndi vi dual r ounds ar e of l ow or der . Pr essur es whi ch wi l lcause st r uct ur al damage t o adj acent magazi nes usual l y ar e not gener -at ed. Most mi ssi l es wi l l f al l wi t hi n 200 yar ds. Thi s cl ass i ncl udesal l f i xed and semi f i xed chemi cal shel l ( compl et e r ounds) f or ar t i l l er yexcept t hat i quent i t y l i mi t at i on does not appl y.

I t al so i ncl udes 76- t r i mand 3- i nch i l l umi nat i ng pr oj ect i l e, compl et e r ounds.

Al t hough 60- mmand 81- mmmor t ar i l l umi nat i ng i i he11 ar e Cl ass ? i t ems, t hey nt ay best ar r ed wi t h Cl ass 4 i t ems when necessar y,

( 5) CLAs5 S, Separ ai o- l oadi ng shel l , l oaded wi t h expl osi ve D,and al l cal i ber s of shel f not assembl ed t o or packed wi t h car t r i dgecases. These usual l y expl ode, one shel l at a t i me end, i n near l y al lcases, wi t h l aw or der . The mi ssi l es ar e l i mi t ed as t o number andr ange, and most of t hemf al l wi t hi n 400 - yar ds.

( 6) Cuss 6. Fuzes cont ai ni ng HE- l oaded boost er s, adapt er -boast er s, packed separ at el y i n boor eB.

These i t ems usual l y expl odepr ogr essi vel y by st ack&

St r uct ur al damage caused by t he pr essur esi s usual l y l i mi t ed t o adj acent magazi nes.

Mi ssi l es ar e l i ght and usu-al l y f al l wi t hi n 200 yar ds.

TM9- 1900

CLASS 3. QUANTI TY- DI STANCE TABLE0UANTI TYI POU" 0S0FRXPl 9SI YF1 MI NI MUMYN_OARRI CAQFD OI STAHCI I N FEET FR*M NEAREST

NwOV"r - Iso

I aha6l t cdbui l di n5

400

Pr hl l rRoi l waY

400

pr 611XHI yhWQY

400

Magpaha

60

200 400 400 400 1410

1, 000 400 400 400 180

10, 000° 400 400 400 3( 10

TM 9- 1400

Per . 172

Car e, Hondt i r i , and Pr eser vat i on

CI I ANTI TY 4F0UHas9F(: XPLOSI VEI

CLASS _4, QUANTI TY- DI STANCE TABLE.

' For St of 6m i n st ar r dt nt l i ¢l w magasl Aes . pr escr i bt t di st or t ecz may be hal ved f r om al l ai d"except t he dcor end.

O1&xi mX quant i t y t xr mi t t ed at Am?. car e l oeat l pn,Ti Am1 r ocket p wi t h nsMDr a ai svi ubLed t o l opr dt d ur un1Xdyd heady, shoul d not be st or ed I t s

obvve- r r mund mogazmes l ocat ed 1. 1 I em t han t 1f q 1uLLowi ng r ol gal l e di st onr op f r om t he I i et adJ xat i Ons=

XLOCATI ON

_ALNI MUMMI SVI LEDI STAD( CENhabi t ed Hai l di nq

Maur nur a f l i ght r ange of f oeket or 4, 310 f eet , whi chever 1a l ose

Publ i c Rai l way

60%of moui mum Bi ght r dhl e of r ocket ar 2, 590 f Xt r whi ch-over i s l ea

Puhur. I - j l ghway

30%Xf maxi mum ALl I a Tangs of T ol . et ar 1, 300 f eet , w] r Leb-eve i s l am

CLASS 3. QUANTI TY- DI STANCE TABLE

Mat Over

I r t 6abl t edI al l dl ag

1, 009

1 1, 200

25, 1m

1 . 200

650, 044X

1, 209

' MO: LM" 4Uant i t y pgFM, t t ad at any ou$ l ucui i an .

MI MI OMUM UN&ARkj CADj O DI i TANCE I N 1:11T FROM

Tabl i cRal l wny

1, 200

1 . 700

1, 200

` Por Mot age i n at ander d i gl oo magar l r wa, pr cacr i bWr mcept t he door end-

' Al momumquant i t y per mi t t ed at =y ar w l ot at i an

20

Pvbl hXl yhwoy1, 2001, 2001, 200

HEAMT'

Jdayoal na

100200300

' For st " ' Fge i n st andar d ! t 1uv mopar i r wa, pr envi bed di af a( wX may be hol vod t r am al l pl d9bexcept t he dom" nsd,

>.St P} wt t i t ems of t 6b cl ass mo WOWI n OMMAV i &LOO mogae4aen, t he quant i t y- di 4amm r e-quLr caent s of CLeea 4, bul l s Xpl [ ai ves, wi l l wor n, er t " pt t hat no di st annt a l eas t han ano- hal ft h$ di at num pr oscr i bed i n 111116 t abl e f r o Cl ar e 5 i t esmt si r e ant bor l st d . ' nu g4ont hy ofazpi vove mr al er WAi r mi n por aMph 171 r 15) smt y be si t ed when i n I I bovr gr nnnd mogai l t aai f t he mat er i al l e st et t ed and adgxcaot ed I t i nt zar danca wi t h Or dnanug dr wwi ngi

di at mcsp t t t ny be bel vbd I r a® al l ai daq

OI LLNTI TY f p" NDs OFEXPLOSI VEIMat Ovef

MI NAMUI A Ut t 6" l 1t AGED Ot I TAXCFI gl r at r i l ed Publ i cdwi I dI ng l el l vr a

XI N f i l i T

NIXabl l r

6' t t ar

FROM NEAI EST4a

+Aaoaxf l w

S4 1, 240 1, 209 I 1, 200 I 60

549 1, 200 1, 290 1, 204 1401, Oi I 0 1, 100 ) , zoo 1, 2uu 180

S9, OG9 1, '. 09 1, 300 1, 200 225500, 94G' 1, 2VO 1, 200 I , 204 300

CLASS 6. QUANTI TY- DI STANCE TABLEOUAKTI TY' [ FOUNDSOF EXPLOSI VE

Not Over

50

MI NI MVMI hl r ahigWl l dl n

Xd

240

UH&AAMCADED

l aLl vvr e140

DSI TANGE I H FI ETPobl l cXet r l l c Y

HI hwsr

70

FROM NEAREf Ts

64

200 240 140 70 1¢05, 090 1, 34) 0 900 450 240

104, 004 1, 50o 90e 450 300

Par . 172

TM 9- 1900

( 7)

CLASS 7. Separ at e- l oadi ng HE sf l el l of al l cal i ber s, ezc&ptshal l l oaded wi t h expt osi ve D.

Al l i n a magazi ne may expl ode butt he expl osi on may be l i mi t ed t o ompi l e by ar r angi ng t he mat er i ali n accor dance wi t h i nst r uct i ons f ar pi l i ng separ at e- l oadi ng shel l gi veni n par agr aph 172 c ( 5) . St r uct ur al damage usual l y i s l i mi t ed t oadj acent bui l di ngs. Most mi ssi l es wi l l f al l wi t hi n 500 yar ds.

QLANTI TYUFbUNDSOFFxPI 6L1+VEI E4I NI JAUM yNl ARRI CADEQ DLI TANCF I N FRl T FROMf bl l r I P" hl l c

Rai l way 1110- Y J, Sayazi ne

1, 840 I 1. 800. I

20t 11, 1100 1, 500 300

NoO~

25, 000500, 000 ,

I >j 1JTl on i t ems Of t bi s CLMA Fr o st ar ed i d mnr set C W, 10 avaguzi ae3, t hi quant i t y- di i r t aawc r e-

qui mhwni q of CLaw' 9, buLl t ew10al " N_ Wi 1L Caver n, cxecgt t hat uo di si oncea Lasr t baa osWhpi tt he di at aXC* pr a=i i bed i 0 Ski s t abl e f ar Cl an 7 i t ems at , e out hor i azd .

The quant i t y comuder adWLL1 be i n acc*r dancr svl ds par ogr oph 132 11

CS ) , when dt ael ced dud pr aper U

eeI VOl t at ed i ns, bove- ar auod r rXs-

- For . wr ap i n st aadat d i gl oo , nat AO an, pmsdl kPed di smXea may be hal ved t r cmal l si dede" apc t he dL4" gad.

°Moxi mur d quant i t y pr r l l dt t ed at any u04 1Xt i on. WI ' * " nmanzi aee A- Lt h max1mumcapaci ,t i as svbawat i al i y Jeer t han Wa gvaot i t p or e i n use aQ t o be i awt aUed, r educed di at nmmmay heobt ai r aud f r omt he 0I r r ce ni t he Cr oi ei Ot Or dr wnce .

( 8) CLAss B. Pr i mer pomusai on el ent et t t s, del onai or &, pr i mel ' -det onat or a t ot r bor kba, del onahng ol or r i eni s, and bl ast i ng ceps, packedi n accor dance wi t h or dnance dr awi nAs,

Al l t he. cont ent s pf a magasi ne may expl ode at one t i me.

However , as t he t ot al amount of ex-pl osi ves i s smal l and not cl osel y conf i ned, st r uct ur al damage usual l yi s l i mi t ed t o adj acent magazi nes.

Li ght mi ssi l es of ver y l i mi t ed r angear e f or med.

CLASS S. QUANTI TY- DI STANCE TABLS

_OUMTI TYWCWNOSOFEXPLOSI VI I I I MI NI MYM WVLAI e2I " Eb DI STANCE I N FEET FI OM NEARkSTI

Nor OVN

Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eset vat i on

CLASS T. QUANTI TY- DI STANCE TAME

I n6abl l . dBui l di ng

1. B00

l , sou

I nl , ab' I ed PXbl i < XX- -Pwabl i tI ul l dl ng

2 I Lvr ay

i Wpl nvar .

' Af e: i mammquant i t y per mi t t ed at soy one 10CECU0 .

244

NMAA! ] T;

Magozi , r "

1Fa# et oeaga i n zt oadur d I gl oo magat sl nea, pr escr i bed di st ar t oes may be bal vnd f r om al L si deseXapt t he dawn or d . Di st an0d f or abovr gf OUA( l magazi nes may be r adueed one- bel l by rueOf bar r i cades .

FFar goent i t i et l oss t han 2, 000 pounds or vol ) Lwi ve, di st ance 0wo I p t he t abl e f or CLeau 9and Cur s 10 enl ot dvas may be I t Rad-

21 0001 980 590 300 3011

$, 004 1, 209 720 360 300

10, 000 1, 500 900 450 300

15, 000 1, 610 970 440 300

2o. oaol 1, 140 1, 040 510 300

TM9- 1900Car e, Handl i n4and Pr eser vabou

245

Far . 172

( 9)

CLAss 9.

Bul k pr i r n4ng, i ni t i at i ng, and hi gh expl osi ves; f l ash-l i ght powder ; phot of f ash compasi f i on; demol i t i on bl ocks- ` pr i f nacor d"det onat i ng cor d; spot t i ng char ges: bl ack powder ; dynami t e; Mk3-

of f ensi ve hat ed gr enades; t oo,, * pyr ot echni c mat er i al s bef or ef i naf consol i dat i on, except Mar mat e and ot her sl ow bumi r 7g i ncendi ar ycompound%( f oot mt e` Cl ass 9 Quant i t y- Di st ance Tabl e) ; EC bl ankf i r e powder oant ai ni ng l ess t hen 30 per cent wat er ; gt dckmat ch;doubl e- base smokel ess po} vci er , and si ngl e- base smokel ess powder wi t hFveb t hi ckness l ess t han 0, 019 i nch.

Expl osi ves i n t hi s gr oup i ncl udel ead azi de, mer cur y f ul mi nat e, PETN. pent oht e, t et r yt ol , RDX, Com-posi t i on A, Composi t i on B, Composi t i on B. - 2 . Composi t i on C, Compo-si t i on C- 2, t or pex, and mi xt ur es of magnesi umand bl ack powder .

I fmor e t han 2, 5( 10 pounds of l ead azi de, mer cur y f ul mi nat e, or PETNar e t o be st or ed i n a si ngl e magazi ne, speci Rl per mi ssi on must be ob-t ai ned f r om t he of f i ce of t he Chi ef of Or dnance, I n a f i r e, bl ackpowder bur ns wi t h expl osi ve r api di t y ; hi gh expl osi ves may bur n orexpl ode dependi ng upon t he mat er i al , quant i t y, and degr ee of conf i ne-ment ,

( l 0) CLASS 10. Demol i t i on, f r agment at i on, - and phat of f ashbombs; bombs l oaded wi t h Comp. Bandt r i f onal ; bani al or e t or pedoes;t or pedo war heads: HE at t t kank mi nes; ant i per sonnel mi nes M3;HE- l oaded AT gr ar l adm HE 4. 2- i nch mor t ar shel l ; Li vens HEshel lbt r r sf er s f or chemi cal shel l or , bombs; auxi l i ar y boost er s; HE mor t aran7awni t i on ( 1dr ger t han 81- mm) ; HE r ocket shel l wi t h or wi t houtmot or s assembl ed t her et o, except 4, 3- i nch TNT- l oaded r ocket T22,and f i xes! and semi f zed ar t i l l er y amr nur yi t i on cont ai ni ng penf ol i t e,assembl ed as compl et e r ouadW( f oot not e' , Cl awes 9 and 10 Quant i i y-Di et ance Tabl e) . Al l t he cont ent s of a magazi ne may expl ode at onet i me. I f t hi s happens, st r uct ur al damage caused by t he pr essur egeneni t ed i s not l i kel y t o occur at t he di st ance gi ven i n t he t abl e.Most mi ssi l es wi l l f al l wel l wi t hi n t hese di st ances. When f r agmeot a-t i on bombs ar e concer ned, di st ances speci f i ed i n Cl asses 9 and 10t abl e wi l l not be l ess t han t he di st ances as st at ed i n t he Cl ass 4 Qunn-t i t y- Di st ance ' Fabl e, but may be one- hal f t t t e di st ance as st at ed i n t heCt ass 4 t abl e when st or ed i n concr et e i gl oo magazi nes, except f r omt he door end.

( 11)

CLASS 11 .

Chemi cal ar mmuni t i on except oompf ei e r oundsand t hat cont ai ni ng¢ whi t e phosphor us.

Chemi cal shel l , bombs, andgr enades st or ed and i ssued by t he Or dnance Depar t ment ar e not

Eag. 172

TM 9- 1900

1425SO

1002 017300400Soo600900S00900

1, 0001, 5002, 0003, 0004, 0005, 0006, 0007, 001)8. 0009, 000

f 0, 00015, 00020, 001)2500030, 00035, ) 01)40, 00045, 00050, 00055, 000b0, 00065, 00070, 00075, 1) 0080, 00085, 00090, 00093, 000

100, 000125, 000150, 000175, 000200, 000225, 000

CLASSES 9 AND 10. QUANTI TY- DI STANCE 7ABLE

9YANTI l r i i POUNGSf l FE1SPLOSI Vf i MI NI MUM I JNRARRI C- hEO DI STANCE I N FI ET FWht MEAI EST" " " t

4r r r

?l ot Owr

L

ehi t ad

Ar hl kRvl l dl r , s hal l way

10 14525 114550 l ay

100 240200 390300 520400 640500 720600 800700 1160800 920900 980

1, 000

I 1, 0201, 500 1, 1202, 000 1, 1003, 000 1, 3204 rO00 1, 4205, 000 1, 5006, 000 1, 5607, 000 1, 6108. 000

I 1, 6609, 000 1, 700

10, 004) 1, 74015, 000

I 1, 89020, 000 2, 04025, ODO 2, 18030, OOQ , 32035, 000 12, 45040, 000 2, $7045, 000

2

2 1 64)50, 000 2, 81055, 000 2, 92060, 000 3, 03065, 000 3, 13099, 000 3, 22095, 000 : 5, 31080, 000 13, 39085, 000 3, 4609a, a0o 3, 520

a6l nst MUmper mi t t ed dt pay ooe l ocst bn,

Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr e3er val i oxl

409' 090

1400a310311043048052055059061067072G; 91)$$0901)940970

1, 0001, 0201, 0401 . 1301, 2 uo1, 3101, 3901, 4701, 5401 ' f s 101, 6801, 7501, 8201, 8801, 9301, 9902, 0402, 0802, 1202, 1502, 1802, 2502, 320: , 31902 . 4502, 5201, 590

f hl i chi ghway

454S4570

l 110154140220240260280300310330303904204504704A0500510520S6Q600650690731)770aoo840880910940970

1, 0001, 0201, 0401, 0601, 0801, 0901, 1241, 1601, 1901, 2: 11. 260

._L1300

Megeel ne

6060r H)RO

11) 0120130140150158l i b- 5170l au2101302602 s0300300so0Soa300300300300300300; 0030030030040040040040D40041) 0400400400400Soo800BanSo0BOG800

, Foe st or ci p of Cl ams 4 and 10 pyr at echni X or pyr at ecl t al r. mat er i al s, I ho t ot al quant i t y i dhaaer doUj mst ar i al et #dy 4oa l ocat i on ehokdd not exceed 50, 00 paunds end' mun not et cM?4200, 000 MvodX

2F9r st or age ) d st andar d i sl oo mogedom, pr esr r LWd di r t aoaes nuy be hal ved f r om al l Bi dese*capt t he 6OOr End. Di st sama I n sbove. gr aund m&Raei ot s may bo r adaeed t o 47 Xhaf t f by useof bar r i caded .

of r acket swXi t h mot or s waem1Aad t o shel l not AI Led wi t h hi sh 6x00si ve ser a st ar ed i s above_ehr Und mosa: t md, t he nh&R&An, . M shoul d be MPer at ad f r om each Ot her by CLam 4 di nt ar ' 4w.TNT. I oaded r ocket s wi t h l oaded mot or s aadwbLad t o dt el l er a dosi gnet ed C] sas 10 scomwA"

95, 000100, wo

3, 580ars3a

125, 000 3, 750150, 000 3, 87017$400 3, 989200, 000 4, 000225, 000 4. 2002sa, oo0' a 4, 310

TM 9- 190D

Par . 172Car e, Har xh; n4g. and Pr eser vat i on

consi der ed t o be an expl osi ve hazar d, and no l i mi t has been pl acedon t hi s t ype of ammuni t i on as f ar as quant i t y- di st ance l i mi t s ar econcer ned. However , st or age must compl y wi t h t he r equi r ement s ofpar agr aph 174 and t he Combi nat i on St or age Char ( , par agr aph 173.

( 12) CLAS$$ 12. Expl osi ves sf i ch as ammoni um r i i t r al e, DNT,and wot ni f r ocef f ul ose, These mat er i al s ar e i nsensi t i ve and can bedet onat ed onl y by ver y st r ong i ni t i at i on_ When st or ed i n an expl o-yi ues ar ea wher e t her e i s a possi bi l i t y t hat expl osi ves may be pr oj ect edi nt o t hem. t hey wi l l be st or ed i n accor dance wi t h t he r egul i at i ons f orCl ass 9 expl osi ves, WLen st or ed i n an ar ea of f i r e hazar ds onl y andsepar at ed by i nhabi t ed- bui l di ng di st ances f r om ar eas cont ai ni ng ea-pl uoi ves or ammuni t i on, t hese mat er i al s may be st or ed i n accor dancewi t h t he r egul at i ons f or smokel ess powder ( see Cl ass ? Quant i t y-Di st ance Tabl e) .

g. Qunnt i t y- t l i t Xt nnce I al r l e f or hi l l si de ni r l gaszi nes. Thi s t abl eappl i es t o magazi nes so const r uct ed t hat t hey ar e cover ed by ear t hat l east t o t he hi ghest poi nt r eached by expl osi ves st or ed wi t hi n t hem,and separ at ed f r omeach ot her by cont i nuous gr ound i t s such mannert hat t he l evel of t he separ at i ng mat er i al does not f al l bel ow t he l i sl ej oi ni ng t he hi ghest poi nt s r eached by expl osi ves st or ed wi t hi n adj acentmagazi nes.

LOCATI ON

I nhabi t ed Bui l di ng .

Publ i c Rai l way

PubLl c Hi ghway

t oa_ ' r ha 14t t l e &st ance i s t he t abl r h61ow A" Ld be oh. ¢r . ad f or x11 r or kr t s wi t h t padpdmot or s at t ached t o Joadod Ot Unl oaded shel l whoa ; t or 9d I n shove- gr vued M9l er i oe.

MI NI MUMJMI SSME DMTANCI E

1. t axhnunt f l i ght r ange of FWhsl oe 4, 3I O f r et , wl dcht vor i t l est

d44, % of maxunumf l i ght r a r a a r ocket OF 2, 540 f ast , whi ch.ever i s Lsmt

30%of maxi mmMMt l ht r ange of r odeo of t , 3oo f eet , whl eb-svaf i t l and

1 1f or r bwage of f ar ed and mmdr gad ar ; JI Lef y ammuni t i on gpgt al qi ne vmmUt o- . Cl an 9 and 18yvaot i t y- dl at af w. t *Ppt Y wMept t hat di st anaaa Jog* t han t hose oppl I cobt a 10 Ci mm4 anonvoi "t , 4r i ar r sot aut hoci r cd.

247

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l 0030, ( 300 1104o, ( 30a 12050. 000 130K000 13570, 000 14080, 000 14590, 000 150

100, 000 155125, 440 165130, 000 175175, 000 V95200, 000 19025( ) , 000 200

Par . 172

TM4- 1400

Car e, Het l dl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

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I nt r upt ant quant i t y- di ei t t ucr , t . ®hl e,QUANI I TYXXL1N

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248

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[ I N Fl i r t

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1, 500

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6, 900 7, 000 340

7, 000 8. 040 3608, 000 9, 000 3804, 000 10, 000 4011

10, 000 12, SOO 47012, 509 15, ooo 45015, 000 17, 500 471317, 500 30, 000 49020, 000 25, OOo 530X$, Ooo . 30, 000 56030, 000 ' 35, 000 s9035, 1100 40, 000 62040, 009 45. 000 ' 64045, V011 50, 000 66050, 000 55, 000 68055, 000 50, 0oo 70060, 0ou 65, 000 72065, 000 70, 000 74070, U0 35, 000 77015, 0( 10 80_006 780W) , 000 85, 000 790( I S, 000 911, 0" 80040, 000 95, 000 $24)95, 000 100, 000 R20

100, 000 12S, 000 900125, 090 150, 000 950150. 04( 1 175, 000 1, 000110s, nO0 200, 000 1, 05020( 1, 000 225, 0" 1, 300225, 000 290, 0130 _, 1, 150

I ADr Aas t o WRh expl ooLwi a or i t er oe bodeei wi t h hi gh cxpLcvi r m

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t Do 200 100209 300 120300 400 130400 Saa 140

500 1050 160

TM 4- 1900

Par . 173Car e, Har t dl i nd, and Pr eser vat i on

173. CONi RI NATI OX ( I 41I XEO) STORAGE OF AM14R. ' 11' 1TI Ol t iANDEXPLOSI VES AT POSTS, CAMPS, ANDSTATI ONS,

a.

The f ol l owi ng t abl e and char t show t he ammuni t i on and expl osi ves whi ch may be st or ed t oget her at post s, camps, and st at i ons .

Al li t ems i n a gr oup may be st or ed t oget her . Wher e an " X° appear s att he i nt er sect i on of a hor i zont al r ow and a ver t i cal col umn al l i t emsi n t he t wo gr oups may be st or ed t oget her .

Wher e an " C+" appear s att he i nt er sect i ons of ' 3a hor i zont al r ow and a ver t i cal col umn al l i t emsi i i t hose t vw gr oups may be st or ed t oget her i f t he t ot al expl osi vescont ent of t he i t ems of t he t wo gr oups st or ed t oget her i n one r nsga-zi ne or r evet ment does not exceed 1000 pounds,

h.

Mi xed st or age as per mi t t ed by t hi s t abl e and char t does notaut hor i ze vi ol at i on of t he quant i t y- di st ance t abl es f or t he st or age ofammuni t i on and expl osi ves at post s, camps, ar i d st at i ons.

Wher e t woor mor e quant i t y- di st ance cl asses of ammuni t i on and expl osi ves ar est or ed t oget her i n a magazi ne or r evet ment t he i nt er magazi ne di s-t ance and saf et y di st ances t o i nhabi t ed bui l di ngs, publ i c r ai l ways, andpubl i c hi ghways shal l be t hose speci f i ed f or t he most ' hazar dous cl assof mat er i al st or ed t her ei n.

e .

Gr oup- m.

Ammuni t i on and expl osi ves ar e cl assi f i ed i nt o gr oupsas f ol l ows and shown i n t he Combi nat i on St or age Char t bel ow;

I . CARTRI pGES I +OR SMALL ARWAND OTHER SI MI LAR CAR.TRI DG>~S EXCEPT THOSEWI TH EXPL09I Y$ BULLETS: I ncl udedar e bal l , t r acer , ar mor - pi er ci ng, i ncendi ar y, ar mor - pi er ci ng-i xi cendi ar y, bl ank, f r angi bl e, gal l er y pr aCt i ae, guar d, hi gh-pr essur e t est . and subcal i ber car t r i dges, cal i ber s . 22 t o . 60i ncl usi ve; 20- mm car t r i dges, ar mor - pi er ci ng, hal l , and pr ac-t i ce ; shot gun car t r i dges ; gr enade pr opel l i ng car t r i dges, t r enchand f i el d mor t ar s i gni t i on car t r i dges, bl ank car t r i dges f ormi ni at ur e bombs, and car t r i dges f ar bomb cl ust er adapt er s,when st or ed separ at el y f r om t he compl et e Tounds of whi cht hey ar e component s, and car t r i dges packed wi t h gr enade-pr oj ect i on adapt er s.

11. MI LPTARY PYRoTECHN[ Cs :

I ncl uded ar e al l t ypes of ai r cr af tand gr auxi d si gnal s, f l ar es, and l i ght s .

I I I , SMOKE AMAI UNI ' r i oN EXCRPT THAT LOADED WI THWP:

I n-cl uded ar e al l f i xed, semi f i xed, and separ at e- l oadi ng shel l ,mor t ar shel l , gr enades, r ocket s, bombe, - smoke pot s, anddr ums, and cont ai ner s f i l l ed wi t h HC. FS, FM, and col or edsmoke mi xt ur es .

I V, I NCENb[ ARY AMMUNI TI ON,

I ncl uded ar e bombs, gr enades,and r ocket s .

Xsei al n - 48 - 16

249

Par . 173Car e, Handt i ng, and Pr cwr vai i on

t M 9- 19d0

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Par . 773Car e, Hat , dl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

V, WPAMMUNI TI ON:

I ncl uded ar e f i xed, semi f i xed, and sepa-r at e- l oadi ng shel l , mor t ar shel l , gr enades, r ocket s, and bombs,l oaded wi t h whi t e phosphor us.CHEMI CAL AMMUNI TI ON:

I ncl uded ar e f i xed, semi f i xed, andsepar at e- l oadi ng shel l , mor t ar shel l , gr enades, r acket s, andbombs, l oaded wi t h H, L, CG, PS, CNS, CN13, AC, CC, A- 1,A- 2, C1i , E- 1, P- 1, CN, Ci t i 1- DM, DM, NC, and Cl chemi calcomposi t i ons.

VI I . SEPARATE- LOADI NG PROPELLI NG CHARGES AND BULK PROPEL-LENT POWDER$; I ncl uded ar e pr opel l i ng char ges f or cal i ber s4. 5- i nch t o 1G- i nch i ncl usi ve. bul k pr opel l ent powder s of al lcl asses, mor t ar i ncr ement s, and ot her pr opel l i ng char ges, whenpacked separ at el y f r or n t he compl et e r ounds r oc compl et echar ges of whi ch t hey ar e a component .

VI I I . FUZES, PRI NTERS, BOOSTERS, AND BURSTERS' I ncl uded ar eadapt er s, adapt er - boost er s, f uzes ( al l t ypes) , pr i mer s, pr i =er .det onat or s, det onat or s, bl ast i ng caps, per cussi on caps, de-st r t i ct or s, and bur st er s

I X. FI XED AND 5EMI FI XED AMMUNI TI ON, EXCEPT SMOKE, I NCEN-DI ARY, WP, AND CHEMI CAL ; I ncl uded ar e hi gh- expl osi ve,hi gh- expl asi v" nt i t ank, shot , ar mor - pi er ci ng, pr act i ce, cani st er , shr apnel , and i l l umi nat i ng ammuni t i on f or - cal i beTs37- mi n t o 120- mm; hi gh- expl osi ve, i ncendi ar y, and hi gh-expl osi ve- i ncendi ar y, 20- r nm ammuni t i on; al l car t r i dges l ot40- mm: and 57- mmguns, and car t r i dges f or smal l ar ms vr i t hexpl osi ve bul l et s

31: . MORTAR AMMUNI TI ON UP TO AND I NCLUDI NG 81- MM ( 3-I NCH) AND HAND AND RI FLE GRI 3NADES EXCEPT SMOKE, I N-ct r NbI ARY, WP, ANDCHEMI CAL :

I ncl uded ar e hi gh- expl osi ve,i l l umi nat i ng, and pr act i ce ammuni t i on ; ant i t ank, of f ensi ve,f r agment at i on, and pr act i ce hand and r i f l e gr enades ; andgr enade ki t s.

Xt . ROCKET- S, EXCEPr 5MOI t H, I NCEt 1D1ARY, Wp, AND CHEMi pAJ I ncl uded ar e hi gh- expl osi ve, hi gh- expt asi ve- Wi t ank, i l l umi -nat i ng, t ar get , and pr act i ce r ocket s; mot or s and al l l oadedcomponent s f or r ocket s .

XI I , LANDMI NES, FRAGMENTATI ON BOMaB ( FUZED) , AND MORTARSHELL 105- MM AND LARGER, EXCEPT WOKE, I NCENDI ARY,WP, AND CHEMI CAL:

I ncl uded ar e ant i t ank, ant i per sonnel ,and pr act i ce mi nes ( wi t h f uzes) ; f r agment at i on bombs( f used) ; bomb cl ust er s, hi gh- expl osi ve and pr act i ce; and hi gh_expl osi ve and pr act i ce mor t ar shel l .

XI I L , SEPARATE- LOADI NG PRO, l ECTI LF$, EXCEPT WI ?, 9140118 ANDCHEMI CAL : I ncl uded ar e hi gh- expl osi ve, ar mor - pi er ci ng,

25T

Par t . 173- - 174

7M9- 1900Car e, Har xf l i r %and Pr eser vat i on

deck- pi er ci ng, and i l l ur ni nat i r ng shel l , and shr apnel f or cal -i ber s 4. 5- i nch t o 16- i nch, i ncl usi ve.

XI V. Bor vi r l S, DLPTH CHARGES, AERI AL MI NES AND AERI AL TOR-PEDOES EXCEPT SMOKE, I NCENDI ARY, WP, AND CHEMI CAL : I n-cl uded ar e demol i t i on, gener al pur pose, ar mor - pi er ci ng, ser niar r nor - pi er ci ng, hi gh capaci t y, l i ght case, and l eaf l et bombs ;dept h char ges ; aer i al mi nes ; and aer i al t or pedoes.

XV. DEMOLI ' I ' t ON MATERI ALS AND HULK RXPLOSI V' ZS: I ncl udedar e bul k TNT, bul k expl osi ve " D, " pl ast i c expl osi ves, demol i -t i on bl ocks, ni t r ost ar ch, cr at er i ng expl osi ves, bangel or e t orpedoes, shaped char ges, snake char ges, pr i macor d and cor -deau det onant _

XVI . DYNAMI TE, ALI , TYPES,

XVI L BLANK A14MUNI TI ON FOR CANNON, SP01" r I NG CHARGES,SMOKE PUFF CYI ARGES, HULK SLACK POWI DER. I ncl uded ar eal l component s l oaded wi t h bl ack powder ( except f uzes)packed separ at el y f r om t he compl et e r ounds of whi ch t heyar e component s ; and al l f i r ewor ks i ncl udi ng si mul at ed gr e-nades, dago bombs, f i r ecr acker s, et c .

XV111. PH010FLASH BOMBS AND PHOTOFLASH POWDE&

174, STORAGE or SPECI FI C TYPES.a.

Bl ack powder .

Bl ack powder i n bul k. sal ut i ng, pr act i ce- bomb,and smoke- puf f char ges shoul d be st or ed i n dr y and, i f pr act i cabl e,bul l et pr oof magazi nes.

Bl ack powder wi l l never be handl ed or st or edi n a bar r acks, gener al suppl y r oom, i nhabi t ed bui l di ng, or any bui l d-i ng heat ed by st oves or open f i r es,

I n a magazi ne cont ai ni ng bl ackpowder , expl osi ves- oper at i ons saf et y ( nonspar ki ng) shoes wi l l bewor n, and nowor k wi l l be done ot her t han t hat i nvol ved i n t he act ualst or age and r emoval of t he powder f r om t he cont ai ner s and t he r e-moval of spi l l ed gr ai ns. The f l oor of t he bui l di ng i n whi ch suchoper at i ons as r epacki ng of bl ack powder i s per f or med shoul d be cov-er ed wi t h a t ar paul i n or canvas . Sl ack powder does not det er i or at ei n st or age i f kept dr y.

Cont ai ner s of sal ut i ng, pr act i ce, and Smoke-puf f char ges ar e st or ed wi t h t ops up. Cont ai ner s of bl ack powdershoul d be car ef ul l y exami ned at t he t i me of r ecei pt f or weak spot sand hol es, wi t h speci al at t ent i on t o exami nat i on f or smal l hol es, suchas t t i ai l punct ur es, whi ch ar e not i mmedi at el y evi dent . Damaged con-t ai ner s ar e not r epai r ed; t hei r cont ent s ar e t r ansf er r ed t o ser vi ceabl edr ums . Condensed moi st ur e may r ust t he cont ai ner or cor r ode t hecap, When cont ai ner s ar e pai nt ed, caps r epl aced, or cont ent s t r ans-f er r ed, t he f Ql l owi ng condi t i ons must pr evai l ;

( 1)

The wor k wi l l be done at l east 140 f eet f r omany t negar i necont ai ni ng expl osi ves j Zr ammuni t i on.

TM 9- 1900

Par . 174Car e, 1Yr i n4l i nd, and Pr eser vat i on

Aver og. 3r ar ogg Temper ol vr e

I nWval I Lf vr " a Tur ni ngs

Bel ow 30 1 F.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . Do not t ur n30 t o 6q` F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Si x weeks64 t o 75" F. . .

.

.

. . . . .

One mont hOver 75' F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two weeks

153

( 2)

I f any powder i s spi l l ed, wor k wi l l st op unt i l t he spi l t sge i 3

car ef ul l y t aken up and t he spat washed wi t h wat er . The powdert aken up wi l l be dest r oyed by dumpi ng i n wat er ,

( 3)

I f t ool s ar e r equi r ed t o open a cont ai ner , onl y saf et y t ool swi l l be used, and t he oper at or wi l l be pr ot ect ed by a bar r i cade andt he wor k wi l l be done i n st r i ct compl i ance wi t h i nst r uct i ons i ssued f ort hi s pur pose by t he Chi ef of Or dnance.

( 4)

The quant i t y of powder i n t he vi ci ni t y of oper at i ons wi l l bekept t o a mi nhi num.

( S) Speci al car e wi l l be obser ved t o seo t hat al l i nf or mat i onmar ked on t he or i gi nal cont ai ner i s r epr oduced when r epai nt i ng t heol d cont ai ner or t r ansf er r i ng t he cont ent s t o a new cont ai ner .

( 6)

Empt y bl ack powder cont ai ner s wi l l be t hor oughl y washedout wi t h wat er .

I P. Hi gh expl nni ve, 6- TNf T, expl osi ve 1) , l et r yt , t r i t on bl ocks .These , i r e st i bl e i n st or age and r equi r e onl y pr ot ect i on f r ommoi st ur eand, i f pr act i cabl e, f r omr i l l e bul l et s_ They ar e st or ed i n wax paper -l i ned wooden boxes_ I n handl i ng l oose expl osi ves of t hi s cl ass, ex-pl osi ves- oper at i onal saf et y ( nonspaWng) shoes shoul d be wor n. Non-spar ki ng t ool s shoul d be used i n openi ng boxes, Br oken cont ai ner smay be r epai r ed or cont ent 3 t r ansf er r ed onl y at a di st ance of 100f eet f r om a magazi ne cont ai ni ng expl osi ves or ammuni t i on,

e.

Dynami t e.

Dynami t e i s sensi t i ve t o host and shock.

I t shoul dbe st or ed i n f i r epr oof , bul l et pr oof magazi nes.

Nonspar ki ng t ool s wi l ll i e used i n openi ng cases .

>; mpt y cont ai ner s t hat have been used f ordynami t e wi l l be dest r oyed by bur ni ng,

Oi l y st ai ns of ni t r ogl ycer i nwi l l be scr ubbed up wi t h a sol ut i on consi st i ng of SX gal l on of wat er ,i , , gal l on of wood al cohol , and 2 pounds of sodi um sul f i t e or pot asX-sl um sul f i t e_

St or e cases of dynami t e i ni t i al l y r i ght si de up, so car -t r i dges wi l l l i e f l at ,

However , i n or der t o el i mi nat e t he possi bi l i t y ofexudat i on of ni t r ogl ycer i n f r omt he camr i dges, i t wi l l be necessar y t ot ur n t he cases, based on aver age st or age t emper at ur es, i n accor dancewi t h t he f ol l owi ng:

The f i r st t ur ni ng wi l l r esul t i n t he cases bei ng bot t om si de up, wi t ht he car t r i dges st i l l i n a hor i zont al posi t i on.

Fr ozen dynami t e wi l l notbe t ur ned.

Wher e dehni t e knowl edge as t o t he composi t i on of t hedynami t e i s avai l abl e, st r ai ght ammoni umni t r at e dynami t es need notbe t ur ned

Par , 174

TM 9- 1900Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

d. Bul k t nkakel esK powder and r *epar at e- l oadi ng pr opeWi ngChar ges.

( 1)

These shoul d be st or ed i nsof ar as pr act i cabl e i n magazi neswhi ch t i r e wel l - vent i l at ed and dr y.

Si nce st nckel egs powder i s pr i nci -pal l y a f i r e hazar d, a wel l - vent i l at ed f r ame st r uct ur e cover ed wi t hcor r ugat ed sheet a4sbest os and bui l t on wel l - dr ai ned gr ound may heused .

Such bui l di ngs ar e of t en mor e easi l y kept dr y t hor n f i r epr oofmagazi nes.

Sul k smokel ess powder i s packed i n al l st eel or i n nzet al -l i ned wooden boxes, whi ch ar e st ar ed on t hei r si des wi t h dwi nageenough t o i nsur e f r ee ci r cul at i on of ai r t hr ough al l par t s of t he pi l e,

( 2) The r net hod of st or i ng pr opel l i ng char ges i n f i ber or met alcont ai ner s and bul k powder i n boxes i s 4hown on Qr dnance dr awi ngs.When cont ai ner s of char ges 10 i nches i n cal i ber and over ar e st or edon t hei r si des, pr o' Vi si on must be made t o pr event t he wei ght of t heupper l ayer s cr ushi ng t he cont ai ner s i n t he l ower .

( 3) Eoxo%, cr at er , bundl es, and cont ai ner s shoul d be st or ed sot hat t he cover s can be r eadi l y i nspect ed or r emoved and 9o t hat t hecont ai ner s may he ai r t est ed i n st or age .

( 4) magar i nes i n whi ch smokel ess powder i s st or ed shoul d beequi ppe( l wi t h a maxi mummi ni mum t her momet er whi ch shoul d ber ead dai l y or as of t en as necessar y, I f t he t emper at ur e exceeds10( 1' F f or 14 hour s car 85' F f or 72 hour s, t he magazi ne shoul d bncool ed by wet t i ng down t he ext er i or wi t h wat er ur by openi ng t hedoor s end vent i l at or s at ni ght and cl osi ng t hem i n t he mor ni ng, I ft hi s f ai l s t o r educe t he t emper at ur e, t he Cor nmancl i ng Of f i cer wi l ldeci de whet her t he st or es ar e t o be r emoved t o anot her magazi ne.When magazi nes ar e cool ed by such vent i l t t t i ost at ni gYr t , ef f ect i vemeasur es wi l l be t aken t o pr ot ect agai n&t f i r e a" d t o cl ose t he door si n case of r ui n,

( 5)

Smokel ess powder . i n bul k or i n separ at e- l oadi ng char ges, i sal wmys packed i n ai r t i ght cont ai ner s. I t i s i mpor t ant t hat such con-t ai ner s r emai n Ai r t i ght unt i l t he powder i s umd. When a shi pmenti s r ecei ved, ever y cont ai ner i s gi ven a vi sual i nspect i on t o see t hat i ti s not damaged and t hat t he cover i s i n good condi t i on and t i ght ,

( 6)

Met al cont ai ner s f ur pr opel l i ng char ges ar e f i t t ed wi t h a t esthol e and pl ug i n t he cover so t hat t hey can be t est ed f or ai r t i ght nessaf t er t he cout ai ner s have been opened and cl osed,

Ever y cont ai neri n whi ch a pr opel l i ng char ge i s st or ed wi l l be ai r t est ed when r ecei vedand whenever i t i s subj ect t o handl i ng t hat mi ght cause i t t o l eak.The t est i ng shoul d be done wi t h a t est i ng sel si mi l ar t o t he car -t r i dge-st or agecase t est i ng set M1, 24- 12- 2 .

However , a mot or dr i ven ai rcompr essor wi l l not be t aken i nt o a magazi ne i n whi ch expl osi ves orkr nr nuni t i OSl ar e st ar ed_ I f t ho compr essor i s dr i ven by a gasol i nemot or , t he mot or shoul d be pl aced no cl oser t han 75 f act t o t hemagazi ne or at ny expl osi ve mat er i al . A pr vaf i um of 3 t o 5 pounds i s

254

TM 9- 1900

Por , 174Car e, Han4l i ng, and Pr eser vef i on

used ; end i f r t o dr op i n pr essur e i s obser ved i n one mi nut e i t may beassumed t he case i s not l eaki ng .

( 7)

The nor mal odor i n a smokel es- i powder magazi ne i s a f ai ntOdor of al cohol - et her .

I f t hi s odor i s st r ong, i t pr obabl y i ndi cat es al eaky cont ai ner . Ever y l eaki ng conuj i ner wi l l be r epai r ed or t hecont ent s t r ansf er r ed t o an ai r t i ght cont ai ner . I f t he cemt ent s of anycont ai ner show evi dence of dampness or moi st ur e, i t shoul d he segr e-gat ed and r epor t ed t o t he Ser vi ce Command or depar t r t t ent or dnanceof f i cer . Lei i ky due t o cover - , or gaskFl i , may be r epai r ed wi t houtr emovi ng t he char ge f r om t he cont ai ner or t he cont ai ner f r om t hemagazi ne, pr ovi ded r ar e i s t aken t o guar d agai nst spar ks.

Repai r ofl eaks i n ot her par t s of t he cont ai ner wi l l be under t aken onl y af t ert he r emoval of t he char ge f r om t he cont ai ner and t hv. cont ai ner f r omt he magasi na.

( 8)

Per sonnel engaged i n ai r t est i ng must become r Hmi l i ar wi t ht he odor and appear ance of decomposi ng powder , They shoul d ex-ami ne each cont ai ner opened f or ai r t est f or t he char act er i st i c odor .Ct ne of t he f i r st evi dences of danger ous det er i or at i on i s t he pr esence oft he aci d odor of r i t Tous f umes i n pl ace of t he nor mal l y pr esent odorof al cohol - et her ,

The odor or decomposi ng powder i s so char act er -i st i c t hat i t shoul d not be mi 9t i ken.

( 9) Fi ber cont ai ner s or separ at e- l oadi ng pr opel l i ng char ges ar enot usual l y opened unl ess t hey ar e damages ; t hen t he obar ge i st r ansf er r ed t o A ser vi ceabl e Met al cont ai ner . Fi ber cont ai ner s ar enot r epai r ed.

( 10)

Met al cont ai ner s may r ust . They may be r epai nt ed butmust be r emoved f r omt he magazi ne t o do wo.

Car e r oust be t akent o r epr oduce f ai t hf ul l y t he or i gi nal mar ki ngs whenever cont ai ner s ar er epai nt ed or changed,

( 11)

Soni c f i negr ai n smokel ess powdi Xr s ar e al most as sensi t i veas bl ack powder and equal pr ecaut i ons shoul d be obser ved. Thepr i nci pal saf et y measur e i n r egar d t o smokel ess powder . however , i st he car ef ul wat ch f or det er i or at i on

e. Snt al t - ar mA annnuni t i t pr i .( 1 )

Smal l - ar ms Nmmuni t i mi may be st or ed i n any magazi ne orwar ehuuye whi ch of f er s good pr ot ect i on agai nst t he weat her .

WhenMagazi ne space i s hr ni t ed, i t may be st or ed i n a gener al war ehouseby par t i t i oni ng or scr eeni ng of f a sect i on f or i t s excl usi ve use_ Thi sr ef er s 14) smal l - ant es ammuni t i on onl y and not t o ot her t ypes wi t hwhi ch i t may t wx . st or ed i n s magazi ne. Good pr ot ect i on agai nstmoi st ur e and hi gl i t emper at ur c shoul d Mr - , pr ovi ded. Fr ee vent i l at i onof al l par t s of t he Mi l e shoul d he i nsur ed, cl unnage bei ng used wher enecessar y . Skyl i ght s and wi ncl ows near pi l es shoul d br : spaded so t hatAmmuni t i on wi l l not l i e exposed t o di r oct sunl i ght .

Car e shoul d bet aken t r y avoi d pi l i ng ammuni t i on Mi er st eam

1511 pes.

Smal l - ar ms am-i ss

Par . 174

TM 9- 1900Car e, Handl i n$, and Pr csenvabar r

muni t i on packed i n boxes f i t t er s wi t h ai r t i ght met al l i ner s shoul d nothave t hese l i ner n opened unt i l t he ar nTTWni t i on i s about t o be used.When onl y a par t of a box i s used t he r emai ni ng ammuni t i on i n t hebox shoul d be pr ot ect ed r t gsi nst i naut hor i xei l handl i ng and use byf i r ml y f ast eni ng t he cover i n pl ace. Ser vi ceabl e ammuni t i on t ur nedi n by t r oops shoul d not be st or ed i n open boxes . I t shoul d be r e.packed f or st or i ng and r ei ssued at t he f i r st oppor t uni t y, pr ovi ded i tcan be i dent i f i ed by l ot number . I f i t ear Mnt be i dent i f i ed b3- t ot , i tAut omat i c- f i l l y beCOMMgr adp 3 wi t h cer t ai n except i ons and shoul dbe di sposed of i n accor dance wi t h di r et - l i ons i n LTD 513 9- AMM4,

( 2) Tr acer end shot gun ammuni t i on shoul d al ways l i e st or edunder t he best cover avai l abl e, pr ef er abl y i n a bui l di ng pr ovi di ngpr at ei - t i on agai nst dampness and havi ng adequat e vent i l Ht i nn,

1 . Fi si vl and t , emi l i xi - d ani nt uni t i ar n, gr euml r . A ant i hcr aonnel 1i nr es. anal i nor t ar t +hel l .

( 1)

These may be st omd i n any magazi ne wi t h good pr ot ect i onf r om t he weat her but pr ef er abl y i n f r ppr oof or f i r e- r esi st ant magazi nes t o r edone t o a mi ni mumt he danger of f i r e or cxpl osi oi t i .

MoRtof t he st andar d boxes and bundl es i n whi 0i t hi s t ype of ammuni t i oni s pr i cked ar e pr ovi ded wi t h cl eat s and t hose t hat ar e not may bepi l ed wi t h dunnuge t o i n%ur u f r ee Ci r cul at i on of ai r . Except si nel l -Ar ms ammuni t i on, f i xed ammuni t i on i s usual l y packed i n i ndi vi dualf i ber cont ai ner s whi ch ar e t hen packed i n bundl es of t hr ee cont ai ner s.I f t he ammuni t i on i s not r emoved f r om t hese seal ed cont ai ner s unt i li t i s used, i t shoul d r emai n i n good condi t i on . Ser vi ceabl e r oundswhi ckr have been r emoved f r ont t hei r cont ai ner s, such " t hose t ur nedi n by t r oops, shoul d be pl eccd i n cont ai ner s whi ch shoul d t hen bescal ed wi t h f r i ct i on t ape and shel l ac bef or e t hey ar e agai n pl aced i nst or age, Thi s pr ocedur e wi l l pr ot ect t he r ound agai nst det er i or at i onand t he pr i mer agai nst acci dent al bl ows .

( 2)

Assembl y of f uzes t o unf azed st ei ns i s f or bi dden wi t hi n 100f eet of a magazi ne cont ai ni ng expl osi ves ur ammuni t i on,

( 3) I t i s sound pol i cy t o mi x quant i t i es of di f f er ent si zes andt ypes i n each of 4ever al magazi nes r at her t han t o st or e onl y one ki ndi n each magazi ne. For + ; xempl e. t her e may be on hand a suf f i ci entquant i t y of 75- mi n hi gh- expl osi ve r ounds t o f i l l one magazi ne andenough 7S- r nmar mor - pi er ci ng r ounds f ar anot her , l at her t han st or eal l hi gh- expl osi ve r ounds i n one magazi ne and al l ar mor - pi er ci ngr oum. l s i n anot her , i t i s bct t er st or age pr act i ce t o st or e hal f of eacht ype i r , t "ach mag; i r i ne_ Thwi , i n case of acci dent t o one magazi ne,t her e i s st i l l a suppl y of bot h t ypes of ammuni t i on do hand.

X. t i ci mr at e- l oadi ng shel l ,( 1)

Separ at e- l oadi ng and unf i xed xhel l shavl d be st or ed i n f i r e-pr oof magazi nes cont ai ni ng H mi ni mum of i nf l ammabl e mHt er i el s.I r on or st eel dunnage i r pr ef er r ed t o wood and i t shoul d be connect ed

xsa

TM9- 1900

Par , 174Car e, Nami l i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

by el ect l i ( ' AI conduct or s and gr ounded_

I f i t i s necessar y t o use woodf or dunnage, t he amount shoul d be kept t o an absol ut e mi ni mum_Unf uzed shel l shoul d be f i t t ed wi t h an i r on or st eel f uze hol e pl ug.I f i t i s necessar y t o r ol l f uzed shel l , i t shoul d be done car ef ul l y andsl owl y i n or der t o avoi d t he r i sk of ar mi ng t he f uze.

i ' i ) I n or der t o conf i ne an expl osi on t o one st ack of shel l i nci hcj ve- gr ound magazi ne st or age, t he f ol l owi ng pr ecaut i ons wi l l beobser ved ;

( a) Shel l shoul d be st or ed i n si ngl e st acks, nose t o nose andbase t o base ( f i g . 156) . Shel l up t o Hnd i ncl udi ng 10 i nches i ndi amet er shou) d he st acked i n accor dance wi t h f i gur e 156, and di s-t ances speci f i vd shoul d t oe ment t ai ned i f t he shel l ar e l oaded wi t hTNT ne t i mat ol . I f t he she11 ar e l oaded wi t h expl osi ve D, t he di s-t anct X need be onl y l ar ge enough t o per mi t i nspect i on of t he shel l andof t he f uze cavi t i es .

1 . I n i gl oo- t ype r nagar i nes. shel l st or ed i n doubl e st ocks . base-t u- base i n cont act , wi t h an i nspect i on ai sl e bet ween noses ( f i g . 125. 1) .

( b) The nose- t o- nme and base- t o- baee di st ances bet ween r owsshoul d be equal ,

( c)

The nose- t o- nosc di st ances f or each cal i ber shel l ( f i g . 158 andor dnance dr awi ngs) shoul d be st r i ct l y obser ved and t he number ofshel l i n each st ack shoul d be kept i t a mi ni mumconsi st ent wi t h t hest or age space avai l abl e,

( 3) Shel l over 10 i nche¬ i n di amet er may be st or ed on t hei rsi des yr on t hei r bases . When st or ed on t hei r bases, t her e shoul d bea 1- i nch boar d bet ween t he shel l and t he f l oor t o pr oi ect t he shel lf r om moi st ur e; shel l l oaded wi t h expl osi ve D may be st ar ed i n i nt i -mat e cont act but shel l l oaded wi t h TNT shoul d be separ at ed by adi st ance equal t o t he cal i ber of t he shel l .

( 4) The r ot at i ng bands on al l pr oj ect i l es shoul d be car ef ul l ypr ot ect ed by gr ommet s or some r at her ef f ect i ve means_ Dent s or cut si n t he band may cause t he shel l t o f unct i on i mpr oper l y i n t he gun.

1k .

Bombe.

GP and SAP bombs have compar at i vel y t hi n wal l sAnd ar e one of t he most hazar dot i s t ypes of ammuni t i on t o st or e be-cause of t hei r t endency t o det onat e i n mass i f a f i r e occur s i n, or aheat ed f r agment be pr oj ect ed i nt o, t he magazi ne i n whi ch t hey ar tst or ed. Saf et y cat s be obt ai ned oi t l y by r educi ng t he possi bi l i t y off i r e t o t he absol ut e mi ni mum.

Bombs shoul d be st or ed i n a f i r epr oofmagazi ne wi t h i r on or st eel dunnage. I f wood must be used f ordunnage, t he amount shoul d be kept t o a mi ni mum.

St eel dunnageshoul d be connect ed by el ect r i cal connect or s and gr ounded. A gr oundsyst emsepar at e f r om t he l i ght ni ng pr ot ect i ve syst emof t he magazi neshoul d be pr ovi ded. Bombs not i nt ended f or i mmedi at e shi pmentshoul d 1) . e st or ed as above. Fuzes or pr i mer - det onat or s shoul d be

257

Par . 174

TM 9- 1404Car e, Handl i nAand Pr eser vat i on

st or ed i n a separ at e magazi ne,

Al l hor nbs shoul d be st acked so t hatt he f uze cavi t y r eds be easi l y i nspect ed . Fr agment at i on bombs ar est ar ed i n t he same manner as GP and SAP bombs .

i .

Fuzes, pr i n%er s, pr i ni er 4l r. l unat or s, t hg( Onat nr s, and hou3l r - r a,These Component s am usual l y packed i n her met i cAl l y seal ed cont ai ner s and boxes .

Car e shoul d be i r ) ken i n packi ng t o see t hat t heyar e pr oper l y suppor t ed i n r acks or t r ays and pr ot ect ed agai nst shockor r ough handl i ng. Even when pr oper l y packed, t hi s cl as9 of com-ponent s shoul d be handl ed wi t h gr eat car e.

Par t l y f i l l ed boxes shoul dbe kept secur el y cl osed. Magazi nes f or t he st or age of f uzes shoul dbe smal l t o l i mi t t h(,. l oss of t hi s t ype of mat er i al , an<l t he quant i t yof f uzes, pr i mer s, et c, . st or ed i n any one magazi ne shoul d be kept t oa t ni ni mur i t i , con . 4i st ent wi t h t he st or age space avai l abl e.

St or age ofal l on hand of any one t ype i n t t si ngl e magazi ne i s t o be avoi ded i fpossi bl e.

j , PsI r wc- el i ni ci _ Pyl l ot echTni cs r equi r e pr ot ect i on agai nst moi s-t ur e. d8Tr 3pness, and hi gh t emper at ur e. Dr y, wel l - vent i l at ed maga-zi nes of appr oved f i r e- r ei ar dant const r uct i on shal l be used f or st or age.Maxi mumand mi ni mumt her momet er s wi l l be pl nced i n r epr esent a-t i ve magazi nes i n whi ch pyr ot echni cs ar e st or ed, i n gener al , t heni agazi nes shoul d nut be pr ovi ded wi t h heat , Except t hose usedsol el y f or st or age of Cl ass 1 mat er i al or f i ni shed boxed pyr ot echni cammuni t i on, magazi nes shoul d not be pr ovi ded wi t h i nt er i or i l i umi n 4-t i on ot her t han t hr ough uae of por t abl e saf et y bat t er y l amps_ Pyr o-t echni c i nat er i ul t hat has been wet i s hazar dous t o st or e, consequent l yany boxes t hat show si gns of dampness wi l l be opened and i f t hepyr at ec1mi c mat er i al i s wet . i t shoul d be dest r oyed chap. 4) . Pyr o.t echni cs shoul d be handl ed wi t l f car e even when pr oper l y packed,Cer t ai n ki nds of t hi s mat er i al det er i or at e wi t h age and have anexpi r at i on dat e on t he cont ai ner s, Car e shoul d be t aken t o obser vet he di r ect i on f or di sposal of t hi s mat er i al at t he t i me i ndi cat ed,

k . Cher r pi eal ai nni nni t i ct n.( 1)

Chemi cal ammuni t i on shoul d not be st or ed wi t h ot her cl asses,pr i nci pal l y because of t he di f f i cul t y and r anger encount er ed i n f i ght -i ng a f i r e i nvol vi ng chemi cal mat er i al s, Al l muni t i ons cont ai ni ngchemi cal agent s ar e st or ed i n such a manner t hat each i t emi s acces-si bl e f or i nspect i on and may be easi l y r emoved f r om st or age i n casei t shoul d devel op a l eak.

Thi s t ype of ammuni t i on must be i nspect edf or t eaks once a mont h, Any l eaki ng cont ai ner shoul d be r emoveddownwi nd t o awai t di sposal .

( 2) Whenever a magazi ne ennt ai r ni ng chemi cal ammuni t i on i sopened, a r esponsi bl e of f i cer or For eman shoul d be pr esent t o det ectt he odor of escapi ng gas. I t such an odor i s pr esent , ai l per sonsent er i ng t he magazi ne wi l l wear t he pr ot ect i ve devi ces pr oper f or

259

TM9- 4" 0

Par . 174Car e, Hd1xdI i ng, bl r gd Pr eser vat t of !

t he gr oup, al l wi ncl ows and door s of t he magaxi ne wi l l be opened,and t he l eaki ng cont ai ner sought out and r emoved,

( 3)

Each t ype of chemi cal at nmuni t i or i i s pr ef er abl y st or ed al one,but may be st ar ed wi t h ot her chemi cal s wi t hi n t he same st or agegr oup. The speci al equi pment . as l i st ed f or each gr oup of 4". hemi calagent s, shoul d be avai l abl e i n t he vi ci ni t y, but not i n t he magazi ne.The chemi cal agent s ar e gr ouped A5 f ol l ows ;

( " a)

Gr oup A. per si si &t t t bl i st er casual l y gases, H, L, ED, and PS.Magazi nes f or t hi s gr oup shoul d have sur f ace- har dened concr et ef l oor s, Speci al equi pment shoul d i ncl ude gas mask, pr ot ect i ve sui t ,boot s, and gl oves f or each of f i ci r , man; or f i r eman whose dut i es r e-qui r e hi s pr esence i n t he magazi ne; chl or i de of l i me; ker osene andf l annel cl ot hs ; sodi um bi car l ) onat e ; bor i c aci d; soap; and ampl e wdsh-i ng f aci l i t i es .

( h) Gr oup 8: har assi ng and r aonper si yt et r t cAyi f ahy gases andsmoke- pr oduci nd eher r i i cal muni l i nns, except MVP. Magazi nes shoul dhave sur f ace- har dened concr et e f l oor s 9r nct f r ee vent i l at i on, Speci alequi pment shoul d i ncl ude ges masks, gl oves, sat ur at ed sol ut i on ofsodi um sul f i t e. %at ur at ed al cohol i c sol ut i on of sodi um hydr oxi de, l i t -t er s, And wool Bl anket s . Masks wi l l bi - . car r i ed t i t al l t i mes by per -sonnel i n t he magazi ne.

( c) Gr oup C" = spont aneousl y i nRammabl e muni t i on, phosphor us( l VP) . Thi s t ype magazi ne shoul d have concr et e f l oor s wi t h el evat edsi l l s t o per mi t Hp0di ng, SJX" Ci al equi pment i ncl udes t uhI S or bar r el sf i l l ed wi t h wat er and l Ar ge enough t o cont ai n t he l ar gest componentst or ed, I n addi t i on, t her e shoul d be avai l abl e r ul ) ber gl oves andboot s, z: ponges, pai l s, and copper sul f at e sol ut i on,

Wher e t emper at ur ecannot be cont r ol l ed i n st or age, speci al r ar e must be t aken i n t hest or i ng of shel l cont Hi t f i ng whi t e phosphor us_

Whi t e phosphor us wi l lmel t at t emper at ur es ebuve 145' ' F.

Upon cool i ng and sol i di f i cat i onof t he whi t e phosphor us ; a voi d i s f or med i n t he t op of t he shel lhl l er ( i n t he base i f t he shel l i s st oz5c( l nose down ; on t he si de, i fst or ed on t he si de) adver sel y af f ect i ng bal l i st i cs upon use, Wher el t XXmper at ur e cannot he mai nt ai ned hel uw t he mel t i ng poi nt , r aor ogeshoul d be ar r anged so t hat t he ammuni t i on i s st or ed on i l s base, eveni f t hi s r equi r es r ear r angi ng r ounds wi t hi n t hei r packi ng_ Wher e t hi si s i mpr act i cabl e, t he ammuni t i on shoul d be st or ed on i t s si de.

( d) Gr oup D; i ncendi ar y and r oar l i l y hvqSf nf nabf e subst ances,TH, FS, HC, CN, CN- DMgr enades, No wat er i s t o be used i n t hi smagazi ne. No specal pr ecaut i ons +i r e necessar y cxr . ept t o keep wat erand f i r e away, and t o r emove l eaki ng Cont ai ner s t o pr event as ac-cumul at i on of l oose mat er i al i n t he magazi ne.

( 4)

Muni t i ons f r om t wo or mor e gr oups wi l l not be st or ed t a-gat her wi t hout t he speci f i c appr oval of t he Chi ef of Or dx3f +nce.

254

Par . 174

TM 9- 1900cor e, Har xdl i ng, and Pr e&er Vat i on

1 . Rockel s.

( 1)

Rocket s shoul d be st or ed i n a dr y, cool pl ace, and never i nt he di r ect r ays of t he sun.

They shoul d not be st or ed wher e t emper a-t ur es exceed 120` F unl ess ot her wi se speci f i ed on t he packi ng con-t ai ner ,

Rocket ammuni t i on whi ch i s st or ed wi t h mot or assembl ed t ot he shel l shoul d be gi ven speci al at t ent i on f or saf et y, Rough handl i ngmust be avoi ded as t he mi ssi l e r ange of r ocket s gr eat l y ext endsdanger ar ea i n event of acci dent over t hat of or di nar y f i xed aenmuni -t i on, St or age shoul d be wi t h nose down when possi bl e, or i f notpossi bl e, wi t h al l r ocket s i n a si ngl e magazi ne poi nt ed i n t he samedi r ect i on. I n abovegr ound r naga2i nes, t he di r ect i on sel ect ed f orposi t i oni ng r ocket s shoul d of f er t he l east damage t o per sonnel andpr oper t y i n case of zi cci dent at i gni t i on ; i n i gl oos, r ocket s shal l notpoi nt t owar d door ends, St or age i n abovegr ound magazi nes shoul dbe avoi ded whenever pr act i cabl e,

( 2) Si nce r ocket pr opel l i ng char ges ar e i gni t ed by el ect r i calmeans, car e must be t aken t o pr ot ect r ocket s f r om bei ng i gni t ed byst r ay el ect r i cal cur r ent s such as mi ght wi se f r omcont act wi t h ext en-si on cor ds, l i ght s, or el ect r i cal t ool s. Thi s hgxar d exi st s chi ef l y i nl oadi ng and assembl y oper at i ons . However , r ocket ammuni t i onpacked f or shi pment i s - not any mor e suscept i bl e t han ot her t ypes ofammuni t i on nor i s i t suscept i bl e t o i gni t i on by ext er nal spar ks suchas t hose whi ch r ni ght be st r uck f r om st eel wheel s and r ai l s.

( 3) Rocket s shoul d be st or ed al one whenever possi bl e. How-ever , when combi ned st or age i s necessar y, chemi cal - l oaded socket swi t h or wi t hout mr t or s may be st or ed wi t h si mi l ar chemi cal ammu-ni t i on. Pr act i ce or i ner t - l oaded r ocket s wi t h mot or s may be st or edwi t h f i xed and semi f i xed shel l and shr apnel , Rocket mot or s notassembl ed t o t he head may he st or ed wi t h bl ank ammuni t i on f orcannon or wi t h r ocket s t o whi ch t hey bel ang.

m. I ner t mat er i ul & I ner t mat er i al s or empt y component s ofammuni t i on such as dr i l l car t r i dges . t ar get - pr L1Cl i ce pr oj ect i l es, orempt y shel l shoul d be st or ed i n bui l di ngs whi ch af f or d good pr ot ec-t i on agai nst moi st ur e and dampness . Dummy or i ner t ammuni t i onshoul d not be st or ed i n magazi nes wi t h l i ve or pr act i ce ammuni t i oni f ot her st or age space i s avai l abl e .

I f i t i s necessar y t o st or e suchi t ems wi t h l i ve or pr act i ce ammuni t i on, i t wi l l be segr egat ed endi dent i f i ed cl ear l y_ They shoul d be cl eaned, r epai nt ed, and sl ushedwhen necessar y and shoul d not be al l owed t o det er i or at e, Shel lshoul d be car ef ul l y st or ed t o guar d agai nst damage t o t he r ot at i nghand,

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7M 4- 1400

Par . 175Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser Yaf l on

5act i on I I I

STORAGE AT SUPPLY POI NTS AND DUMPS

1753. SUPPLY POI NTS AND DI STRI BUTI NG POI NTS,9. Gener al . The det ai l s concer ni ng ammuni t i on suppl y poi nt s,

as di scussed i n t hi s sect i on, ar e pr i mar i l y appl i cabl e t o t hose i nst al l a-t i ons) i n t he Zone of t he I nt er i or and at post s, camps, and st at i ons, .A compl et e di scussi on of t he subj ect f or appl i cat i on t r y t he Theat er ofOper at i ons ( t he communi cat i on zone and t he combat zone) i s con-t ai ned i n or dnance Fi el d Manual s .

I r , Locat i on. Suppl y poi nt s and di st r i but i ng poi nt s shoul d bel ocat ed i n t he best avai l abl e net wor k of r oads and near a r ai l r oad.

c: - Lay- out , I n pl anni ng t he l ay- *ut of suppl y poi nt s and di s-t r i but i ng poi nt s, consi der at i on shoul d be gi ven t o t he f ol l owi ng.

{ 1)

A14OUNTS AND KI NDS REQUI RED_

I t i s desi r abl e t hat a f i el duni t suppl y t r ai n be abl e t o t ake on i t s compl et e l oad f r om st acks i na st r ai ght l i ne or i n a si ngl e ar ea wi t hout havi ng t o ent er and congestanot her ar ea of t he suppl y poi nt .

( 2)

EASE OF ACCESS. They shoul d be on good r oads near , butnot on, mai n hi ghways .

Conspi cuous si gns shoul d be post ed on r oadsl eadi ng i n, and mi l i t ar y pol i ce shoul d be not i f i ed of names and l oca-t i ons of dumps wi t hi n t hei r ar eas,

( 3)

TRAFFI CCONTROL. Roads shoul d pr ef er abl y be l ai r ) out i ncompl et e l oops i nst ead of t ur n- ar ounds. Thi s has an addi t i onal ad-vant age i n t hat i t pr ovi des access t o pi l es f r omei t her of t wo di r ec-t i ons_

One- way t r af f i c shoul d be est abl i shed_( 4)

SEGREGATI ONBY LOTS-

As a gener al r ul e, ammuni t i on shoul dbe pi l ed so t he l ot numben. ar e easi l y i nspect ed . Quant i t i ea i ssuedt o a si ngl e uni t shoul d be, i f pr act i cabl e. al l of one I nt .

41 .

H' i r r. Pr l i l t v' i l { t en,

( 1)

The pr i nci pal hazar ds i l l t he st or age of ammuni t i on i n t hef i el d i s f i r e, whi ch may be zxpr ead by hot mi ssi l es r esul t i ng f r om ex-pl osi ons i n one st ack i gni t i ng packi ng mat er i al of near by st acks, orby t r avel of t he f i r e t hr ough gr ass . weeds, dr y woods, et c . Ef f or tshoul d be made, t her ef or e, t o pr ovi de pr ot ect i ve cover i ng f or st acks,such as concr et e or met al shel t er s . Fi r ebr eaks shoul d be cl ear ed bybur ni ng out br ush or by t ur ni ng t he soi l over , ur i l em t he under gr owt hi s essent i al f or camouf l age,

( 2)

The commandi ng of f i cer wi l l appoi nt a f i r e mar shal who wi l lbe r esponsi hl e f or r i gi d enf or cement of f i r e- pr event i ve measur es.

Thef i r e m$r shal wi l l pr epar e r ul es cover i ng al l l ocal condi t i ons andspeci al f i r e r i sks. He wi l l exer ci se st r i ct f i r e di sci pl i ne wi t hi n depotcar cl ump.

381

Par s . 175- - 176

TEA 4- 1940Car e, N*mdf i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

X3)

Fi r e ext i ngui sher s, wat er bAr r el s, sand boi ees . and ot her f i r e-f i ght i ng equi pment shoul d he pr ovi ded. t 1 suppl y of r opes and hooksshoul d be kept on hond t o t ear down pi l es of boxes shoul d t hey cat chf i r e.

Spont aneous combust i on due t o pr esence of gr easy r ags or oi l ywast e shoul d be guar ded agai nst . The di r ect r ays of t he sun onammuni t i on, especi al l y t hat cont ai ni ng smokel ess powder . i s l i kel yt o cause spont aneous combust i on,

176. STORAGE OF AMl l i UNI TI ON AND EXPLOSI VES.a. { : l asses. When est abl i shi ng dumps, t he f ol l owi ng cl asses of

ammuni t i on ar e consi der ed .Ant i t ank mi nesBombs ( cont ai ni ng expl osi ve 0)Bombs, f r agment at i onBombs, t or pedoes, and aer i al mi nes ( not cont ai ni ng expl osi ve r 3)Boxed ar t i l l er y ammuni t i onCher ni cal ammuni t i onFuzes, pr i mer s . det onat or sGr enadesMor t ar shel lPr opel l ent char gesPyr ot echni csSepar at e- l oadi ng shel lSr nal l - ar ms ammuni t i onI i . Quant i t y and di t +l mi ce. These t Xl uxses shoul d not be st ar ed

t oget her . Whenever pr act i cabl e, t he di st ance bet ween bt acks andcl asses shoul d be i n accor dance wi t h par agr aph 172 .

c. Pr 4r put i uua.( 1)

Ammuni t i on and component s shoul d be st or ed so t hat t henei ghbor i ng pi l es wi l l not be det onat ed by t he expl osi on of one pi l eand so t hat not al l of one t ype of component or compl et e r ound wi l lbe l ost i n any one expl osi on . Ther e shoul d be at l east t wo pi l es ofever y t ype of ammuni t i on or component st or ed.

I t i s par t i cul ar l yi mpor t ant t hat f uzes, pr i mer s, det onat or s, et c. , shoul d be di st r i but edas wi del y as st or age f aci l i t i es por i ni t ,

( 2)

Ammuni t i on pi l ed i n t he open shoul d be r ai sed of f t he gr oundat l east 6 i nches and pr ot ect ed f r om r ai n and di r ect sun by paul i ns .I f dr ai nage i s not good, di t ches shoul d be sl ug ar ound pi l es.

Al l pi l es,i ndoor and out door , shoul d be made wi t h l i ber al use of dunnage andaway f r omcont act wi t h wal l s, bar r i cades, et c . , t o i nsur e f r ee ci r cul at i on of ai r .

Wher e t ar paul i ns ar e used, adequat e pr ovi si on shoul d bemade f or vent i l at i on . The t op of t he t ar paul i n shoul d not t est ont he bop of t he st ock or i n cont act wi t h boxes but shoul d be r ai sedf r omt he St ack at l east 6 i nches.

241

TM 9- 1900

Par s . 176- 177Cl ot - , Handl l ng, and Pr eser vat i on

( 3)

Dur i ng t he t i me ammuni t i on i s i n dumps, advant age shoul dbe t aken of ever y oppor t uni t y t o 1] l - we each r ound i n good condi t i onf or f i r i n& Lost Fuze hol e pl ugs shoul d be r epl aced, bur s i n t hr eadsand r ot at i ng bamYs r emoved, and any ot her def ect t hat mi ght af f ectt he ser vi ceabi l i t y of ammuni t i on shoul d be cor r ect ed.

However , t he' , eor k shoul d be done at x saf e di st ance f r om t he pi l es,

( 4 ) Al l a+t t r r auni t i on shoul d be st or ed out or t he di r ect r ays oft hv sun,

d.

Cl t ei ui val ami nt t ni t i on. Chemi cal ammuni t i on shoul d al waysbe st or ed away f r om ot her muni t i ons, and gas shel l shoul d al ways best or ed on t hei r bases_ The f ol l owi ng addi t i onal pr ecaut i ons shoul d13e t aken i r l i st or i ng and handl i ng t hi s t ype :

( 1)

Shel l shoul d he st or ed so t hat a l eaky cont ai ner can be r e-moved i mmedi at el y upon det ect i on .

( ' 2)

Evovy man wor ki ng near gay shel l shoul d be equi pped wi t h9 gas mask,

( 3) Tubes of oxygen and f i r st - xi d equi pment shoul d be pl acedi n conspi cuous pl aces i n char ge of a chemi cal noncomnt i %i oned of -f i cer .

( 4)

Shoul d an acci dent occur and a wor ker be over come, f i r st - ai dr ef zt edy wi l l he appl i ed and d doct or cal l ed.

( S) Any t ypt X of ammuni t i on exposed t o gas must be cl eanedwi t h an oi l y cl ot h at once,

( 6)

Conspi cuous wi nd vanes shoul d be yet up i n 1xl aC&s wher e gasshel l ar e handl ed,

( 7) Muni t i ons cont ai ni ng phosphor us shoul d al ways be st or edal one and v%, at er - f i l l ed t ubs kept avai l abl e . Phosphor us i gni t es spon-t aneousl y when exposed t o ai r , and submer gi ng i n wat er wi l l ext i ngui sh t he f i r e onl y as l ong as t he mat er i al i s kept submer ged,

Leakyphosphor us sXLel l must be kept under wat er unt i l t hey can be de-st r oyed,

( 8) Pyr ot echni c%, i ncendi ar i es, and HC, CN- DM_ ar <d CN gr e-r mdes shoul d be kept dr y,

( 9)

Ful l use of dunnage shoul d be made i n st or i ng chemi cal am-muni t i on.

177. 6ENRRAL.

Sect i on I V

PACKI NG AND MARKI NG

a.

Pur pose. of [ backi ng.( 1) I n or der t hat ammuni t i on may r each t he f i r i ng l i ne i n a

ser vi ceabl e condi t i on, i t i s essent i al t hat each uni t of i ssue be sui t abl y263

Par s . 177- 178

TM 9- 1900

Car e, Handl i ng, encf Pr eser vat i on

packed t o wi t hst and handl i ng, st or age . and t r anspor t at i on, Once auni t of ammuni t i on has been r emoved f r om i t s appr oved cont ai ner ,t her e i s no assur ance of i t s cont i nued ser vi ceabi l i t y, Ther ef or e, neces-sar y pr ecaut i ons shoul d be t aken i n i t s f ur t her handl i ng end st or age_

( 2) When a wat er pr oof cont ai ner i s opened, t he cont ent s ar ei mmedi at el y subj ect t o t he ef f ect s of moi st ur e whi ch i s t he agentmost act i ve i n causi ng t he det er i or at i on of ammuni t i on I f i mmedi -at e use of t he ammuni t i on i s not cont empl at ed, t he cont ai ner sl soul dbe ef f ect i vel y r eseal ed.

1) , Mar ki ng.( 1) Mar ki ng i ncl udes pai nt i ng, st enci l i ng, and st ampi ng of con-

t ai ner s and of t he ammuni t i on i t sel f ( par . 7) .( 2)

Expl osi ves aced ot her hazar dous ar t i cl es of f er ed f or shi pmentuzt i a common car r i er wi l l be mar ked t o compl y wi t h I nt er st at e Com-mer ce Commi ssi on r egul at i ons . The&e mar ki ngs i ncl ude t he I CCshi ppi ng name at t i d danger ous commodi t y desi gnat i on, i n addi t i on.on LCL shi pment s, cer t ai n l Ml >el s or e r equi r ed t o i ndi cat e t he mat ur eof t he cont ent s.

( 0) Expl osi ves and ammuni t i on wi l l be mar ked i n accor dancewi t h Ar my Regul at i on, speci f i cat i ons . and dr awi ngs. St andar d andspeci al mar ki ngs ar e l i st ed i n U_ S_ Ar my Speci f i cat i on Ne. 1t } 0- 2Eand ar e f ur t her descr i bed and expl ai ned i n Techni cal Manual s and i not her sect i ons of t hi s manual , Mar ki ngs f ur ni sh essent i al i nf or ma-t i on, per mi t t i ng pr oper handl i ng, st or age, and i ssue of t he r ound orcomponent .

( 4)

New pai nt i ng or r emar ki ng of ammuni t i on and component sshoul d be a f acsi mi l e of t hat on t he or i gi nal cont ai ner or ammuni t i onunl ess t he Chi ef of Or dnance i ssues speci f i c . i nst r uct i ons t o t he cont r ar y .

Expl osi ves and ammuni t i on obt ai ned f r om sal vage oper at i ons,or mat er i el whose i dent i f i cat i on has been l ost , shoul d be mar kedcl ear l y t o show t he nat ur e of t he goods and, i f of f er ed f or shi pment ,t c compl y wi t h I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi on r egul at i ons .

178. PACKI NUS.a. Ueai gt t 01241 cunei r u+- l i on . The cl esi gn and const r uct i on of

packi ng& depend upon t he hazar d i nvol ved, t he f aci l i t i es f or st or ageend t r anspor t at i on, sad t he pr ot ect i on r equi r ed f our t he i t empacked.

t r . Types . Wooden boxes and cr at es ar e used mor e of t en t hanot her t ypes, The t r end i n desi gn i s t owar d t he use of st andar d 1- i nch,or heavi er , l umber . However , veneer boxes wi t h r ei nf or ci ng cl eat sand enci r cl i ng wi r e have been adopt ed as st andar d i n sever al i n-st ances. Wi r c- hound boxes cannot be r oused as of t en as t he heavi erwooden boxes. but t hei r l ow cost i s an i mpor t ant f act or , par t i cul ar l ywher e r euse of t he box i s not war r ant ed, Cyl i ndr i cal , wat er t i ght ,

364

TM9" 190

Par . 170Car e, Handf i ng. and Pr eser vaf i on

t net yl cont ai ner s, hol di ng one or mor e r ounds or pr opel l i ng char ges,a, ' o used f or packi ng ammuni t i on i nt ent l ed f or t r opi cal cl i mat es. Theammuni t i on may or may not be pocked i n f i ber cont ai ner s bef or ei nser t i on i n t he met al cont ai ner - Some xeper at e- l oadi ng pr opel l i ngchar ges ar e packed i n a wat er pr oof bag and t hen pl aced i n a f i bereont ai t , er . Four gener al t ypes of packi ng- boxes, cr at es, met al con-t ai ner s, and f i ber cont ai ner s- ar e descr i bed bel ow.

( 1) BuxF- .( a) Ear l openi ng, One r emovabl e end. per mi t t i ng boxes t o be

st acked on t hei r si des and opened wi t hout r emoval f r om t he st ackedpi l e .

( b) Che&f t ype cr hi nged l op . Per mi t s r epeat ed use and easy, uTess t o t he cont ent s . Most r ecent t ypes have a t oggl e- t ype f ast ener -

( c)

Bol t +4r r d wi ngnuf . Bol t s and wi ngnut s hol d down t he t opcm. er .

These boxes ar e used f or smal l - ar ms car t r i dges.( d)

Met al -

Used f or smal l - ar ms car t r i dge packi ngs and f or st or -i ng 40- mmammuni t i on. These sheet - st eel cont ai ner s ar e seal ed byr ubber gasket s t ui der t he cover ,

( 3)

CRATES. Used f or bombs, pr oj ect i l es, component s, and met alpowder cont ai ner s t o gi ve added st r engt h and pr ot ect i on, and wher epacki ng i n a cl osed box i s not necessar y . For some t ypes of bombs,onl y st eel ( - r at es ar e used i n shi pt nenl , Ot her cr at es ar e wooden,soi r i t X of whi ch may 1) e wi r e- bound.

( 3)

METAL CONTAkNEas.

Car t r i dgl e- st or age cases ar e cyl i ndr i cal , moi st ur epr oof st eelcont ai ner s f or packi ng separ at e- l or adi ng pr opel l i ng char ges . A t estLul e i i pr ovi ded i n t he cover f or ai r - pr essur e t est i ng,

( b)

Met al cont ai ner s ar e used f or packi ng si ngl e r ounds of ar t i l -l er y smmuni t i on, ei t her bar e or i n f i ber co, t t ai ner . Ei ght 60- men, orf our or one F11- mm, r ounds ar e al so packed i n met al cont ai ner s. Thesemet al cont ai ner s ar e pr ovi ded as st andar d f or t hose t heat er s wher ewat er pr oof i ng i s essent i al . The si ngl e- r ound met al cont ai ner s ar ecyl i ndr i cal st eel t ubes wi t h a det achabl e scr ew- t ype cover .

The st eelcover i s pr ovi ded wi t h a r ubber gasket and i s cl amped t i ght t o t hec'. unt ai r ner by means Of a gPLcl er r scr ew, and pr essur e pl at e.

Cor k andf el t pads ar a f umi shed t o pr ovi de a sot ug f i t f or t he r ound or f i bercont ai ner i n whi ch t he r uuncl i s packed. Some met al cont ai ner s ar epr ovi ded wi t h t est hol es f or ai r - pr essur e t est i ng,

( $)

FI BER CONTAI NERS.

A sl i p- cover f i ber cont ai ner of t he mai l -i ng- t ube t ype t g u d f or t he packi ng of compl et e r ounds. separ at e-l oadi ng pr opel l i ng char ges f or ar t i l l er y weapons, hand gr enades, assembl i es of boost er s and f uzes, f uzes, and mor t ar ammuni t i on.

Thesef i ber cont ai ner s wer e f or mer l y shi pped i n bundl es of t hr ee, hel d t o-gat her by t wo cl over - l eaf - shaped, met al , end cover s, Fi ber cont ai ner s

77t 321 0 - SI 3 - 14 20

Par . 178

TM 9- 1900Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

STENCI L" GROSS WFI CHT" CVEI C CONTENT

I OC MARKI NG;Exr Xt XXI V[

PROJECT' LES '

Fl gvr e 159 - Pel f et i r at i on of 155- mm Shef !sas

STETI C. I . t " 7V: r %' EASA- DhLSS ON T+*G

SHELLS AT' I AGONALJ } '

OPPOSI TE CURNi RS

RA PG 19311

TM 9- 1900

Par %. 179- 17gCar e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

wi t h compl et e r ounds ( 5' 1` - mmt hr ough 105- mm) may be packed t woor f our per wooden box, i n cr at ed cl over l eaf 3- r ound bundl es, or i nsi ngl e- r ound met al cont ai ner s, Fi ber cont ai ner s f or cer t ai n r ounds off uzed semi f i xed ammuni t i on have cover s at each end; t he pr oj ect i l eand car t r i dge case can t hen be i nser t ed at opposi t e ends, r el i evi ng t heneck of t he car t r i dge case of excessi ve wei ght .

I n bot h si ngl e- anddoubl e- end cont ai ner s, a U- shaped met al packi ng st op i s used f orf uzed pr oj ect i l es.

( 5) MI SCELLANZOU&

( a)

Met al cans made of t er nepl at e or t i n pl at e ar e used f or pack-i ng smal l - ar ms car t r i dges, smal l component s of ammuni t i on, f uzes,r i f l e gr enades, et c . , i ndi vi dual l y or i n smal l quant i t i es, t o pr eser vet hemagai nst moi st ur e. Met al l i ner s f or wooden boxes ar e al so Usedi n many t ypes of packi ng of component s, f or cer t ai n smal l - cal i bercompl et e r ounds wher e a moi st ur epr oof cont ai ner i s desi r ed, or f orshi pment s cf smokel ess powder . St ai nl ess- st eel - l i ned pl ywood boxesar e gener al l y used f or st or age of ni t r ocel l ul ose cannon powder s,

( b)

Al l - vt t el boxes of bot h Ar my- Navy desi gn ar e used f or st or i ngni t r ocel l ul ose cannon powder s havi ng a web of 0. 019 i nch and mor e,Sheet - st eel cyl i ndr i cal dr ums ar e used f ar bl ack powder , whi ch i scont ai ned i n a cl ot h bag i nsi de t he dr um.

The dr ums ar e cr at ed f orover seas shi pment s.

( c)

Fi ber car t ons ar e used f or packi ng pr i mer s or smal l f uzes, asmal l number bei ng packed i n each Car t on.

The car t on can be mademoi st ur epr oof by wr appi ng i n a gr ade C, t ype I paper , conf or mi ng t oI T. S. Ar my No, 100- 15 ( JAN- P- 121) , and i mmer si on i n di p coat i ngseal i ng compound conf or mi ng t o U. S, Ar my NoX 1{ 10- 34 ( JAN- P- 115) .

( d) Packi ngs known as " j ungl e- packs" cont ai n addi t i onal wat er -pr oof cont ai ner s or envel opes so t hat t he ammuni t i on may bet t erwi t hst and hot humi d cl i mat es.

c. Pal l et i zat i on ( f i g . 159) has been aut hor i zed t o r educe han-dl i ng t i me and save man hour s i r i st or age and shi pment of cer t ai nt ypes of ammuni t i on. Pal l et s ar e const r uct ed of l umber i n accor d-ance wi t h or dnance dr awi ngs. When pal l et i zed ammuni t i on i sshi pped, a Not at i on t o t hat ef f ect wi l l appear on t he r epshi p.

179. REGULA' t 1Oh15,a.

Gener al r egul at i ons gover ni ng t he packi ng, mar ki ng, and shi p.pi ng of expl osi ves and ammuni t i on ar e set f or t h i n AR55- 155. Al lshi pment s of expl osi ves and ammuni t i on made by t he War Depar t -ment wi l l compl y wi t h appl i cabl e r equi r ement s of I nt er st at e Com-mer ce Commi ssi on, Bur eau of Expl osi ves Regul at i ons, Por t andHar bor Regul at i ons, St at e and Muni ci pal l aws, and per t i nent Ar myRegul at i ons.

767

Par s . 379- 181

Tel l 9- 1900Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

h. Expl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl es of f er ed f or shi pmentof i a common car r i er wi l l be packed t o compl y wi t h I nt er st at e Com-mer ce Commi ssi on r egul at i ons, but par agr aph 14 ( a) , sect i on I , oft hese r egul at i ons st at es t hat " shi pment s, of expl osi ves of f er ed by orconsi gned t o t he War and Navy Depar t ment s of t he Uni t ed St at esGover nment must he packer. ! , i ncl udi ng l i mi t at i ons of wei ght , i n ac-cor dance wi t h t hese r egul at i ons or as r equi r ed by t hei r r egul at i ons . "Any pr oposed depar t ur e f r om t he r equi r ement s of I nt er st at e Com-i uer ce Commi ssi on r egul at i ons must be submi t t ed t o t he Chi ef ofOr dnance f or deci si on,

c,

Mi l i t ar y expl osi ve and ammuni t i on ar e packed i n accor dancewi t h U. S_ Ar my speci f i cat i ons and dr awi ngs .

The met hods of pack-i ng speci f i ed ar e used not onl y t o meet mi l i Wy r equi r ement s andpr ot ect t he ar t i cl es f r om damage i n t r ansi t but ar e al so desi gned t ocompl y wi t h I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi on r egul at i ons,

41 . When shi pment s of expl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl esHr e t o be made and cont ai ner s whi ch compl y wi t h U, S. Ar my speci f i -cat i ons f or t he par t i cul ar ar t i cl e t o be shi pped ar e not avai l abl e, con-t ai ner s compl yi ng wi t h I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi on r egul at i onswi l l be used. Thi s appl i es par t i cul ar l y t o t he shi pment of det er i or at edexpl osi ves or ammuni t i on, and t o powder , expl osi ves, and l oaded com-ponent s of ammuni t i on obt ai ned f r om sal vage oper at i ons.

e. Ot her r egul at i ons concer ni ng packi ng wi l l be f ound i n t hevar i ous Techni cal Manual s, St andar d Nomencl at ur e Li st s, Or dnanceSaf et y Manual 0. 0, No, 7224, Or dnance Depar t ment Saf et y Bul -l et i ns, and AR 55- 470 { shi pment s by wat er ) ,

180. SEMANG.a.

Packi ng, ar e ®eal ed f or ai r t i ght ness by cl osi ng t he t est hol e ofai r t i ght cont ai ner s or case& wi t h sol der or u pl ug. Fi ber cont ai ner sar e seal ed wi t h wat er - r esi st ant adhesi ve t ape. at t he j oi nt f or med byt he body and cover , but t hey ar e not consi der ed compl et el y ai r t i ght .

h,

Af t er t he cont ent s ar e pr oper l y packed, each cont ai ner i s seal edi n some manner whi ch wi l l i ndi cat e whet her or not t he cont ai ner hasbeen t amper ed wi t h.

The met hod of seal i ng depends upon t he t ypeand const r uct i on of t he cont ai ner . Wher e met al st r appi ng or wi r ei s used ar ound boxes, ot her sear ar e not necessar y and wi l l nut beused i n t he f ut ur e.

181. NI ARKI NG.

a.

Get t er al .

Thi s par agr aph cover s mar ki ngs f or i t ems as packedand shi pped.

For mar ki ng and pai nt i ng on ammuni t i on i t ems t hem-sel ves, see basi c col or schemes gi ven i n par agr aph 7, , sect i ons i n

TM9- 1900

Far , l eiCar e, Handl i r r g, and Pr eser vat i on

chapt er 2 of t hi s manual ; and ot her Techni cal Manual s on Am-muni t i on.

1) .

On anununi t i on.

The mar ki ngs on uncr at ed bombs and un-cr at ed shel l ser ve al so as a means of i dent i f i cat i on f or shi ppi ngpur poses .

c .

On cont ai ner a.( 1) Cont ai ner s of ammuni t i on and expl osi ves ar e mar ked t o

pr ovi de a r eady means of i dent i f i cat i on as t o cont ent s. Packi ng con-t ai ner s ar e al so mar ked i n accor dance wi t h Ar my Regul at i ons, speci f i -cat i ons, and I CC r egul at i ons.

( 2) Wi t h cer t ai n except i ons gi ven i n AR 55- 155, each packageof suppl i es t ur ned over f or shi pment on a Gover nment bi l l of l adi ngi s mar ked wi t h :

( a) Name and addr ess of dest i nat i on of por t of f i cer ( or codedesi gnat i on.

( b)

Name and addr ess of ul t i mat e consi gnee .( c)

Li st and descr i pt i on of cont ent s .( d)

Ami nuni t i on code symbol , publ i shed i n { ) RD 11 SNL' s .( e)

Gr oss wei ght i n pounds, di spl acement i n cubi c f eet .( f )

The number of t he package. li( g)

The l et t er " U. S. " i n sever al conspi cuous pl aces . '( h)

Or der number or cont r act number . "( i )

Or dnance i nsi gni a,( 1) Name or desi gnat i on of consi gnor pr e- ceded by t he wor d

" Fr om. "( k)

Lot number .( I )

Mont h and yeav packed,( m) I nspect or ' s st amp.( 3) The adhesi ve seal i ng st r i ps on f i ber cont ai ner s ar e i n t he

same col or as ammuni t i on i t em, i n accor dance wi t h basi c col orscheme. Thus, bl ank ammuni t i on has seal i ng st r i ps i n r ed, t o i ndi -cat e l ow expl osi ve ( bl ack powder ) . I t wi l l be not ed, however , t hatf or r ounds wi t h hi gh- expl osi ve pr oj ect i l es, t he st r i ps ar e yei l ow.

( 4)

The t op of boxes cont ai xt i ng ammuni t i on used i n bot h Amer i -can and Br i t i sh guns ( f or exampl e, some l ot s of 20- mmammuni t i on)ar e mar ked " COMMONAMMN. "

( 5) For f ur t her i nf or mat i on on r egul at i ons gover ni ng mar ki ngout cont ai ner s f or shi pment . con" t AR 55- 155 and AR 55- 470 ( shi p-ment s by wat er ) . Shi ppi ng names ar e publ i shed i n ORD 11 SNL' a.

( 6) Mar ki ngs on boxes, bar r el s, or cr at es ar e made i n st enci l' Fw LC4 ahi pi neot a onl y_

264

Par s . 181- - 183

TM9- 1904Car e, Handhr r A, and Pr eser vaf i on

I ] l ack or st enci l whi t e. whi chever i s mor e appr opr i at e_ On boxes ofr i r nmuni t i on whi ch ar e st ai ned br own, t he mar ki ng i s i n yel l ow; r anunst ai ned boxes, t he nkar ki ng i s bl ack. When i t i s i mpr act i cabl e t ost enci l or pai nt t he mar ki ngs on t he cont ai ner s, or when a cont ai neri s not used i n shi ppi ng, at l east t wo shi ppi ng t ags bear i ng mar ki ngsshoul d be used. The shi ppi ng t ags may be of cl ot h, l eat her , met al ,or wat er pr oof paper , and ar e at t ached t o t he ar t i cl e by wi r e. The useof wr i t i ng i nk, chal k, or i nar ki ng mat er i al ot her t han wat er pr oof i nkor pai nt i s pr ohi l } i t ed .

( i )

Met al cont ai ner s ar e pai nt ed ol i ve dr ab; mar ki ng i n yel l ow.( t i )

Cont ai ner s f or gr een bag pr opel l i ng char ge, whi t e bag pr o-pel l i ng char ge, or sect i on of pr opel l i ng char ge cont ai ni ng t he bl ackpowder i gni t er ar e pai nt ed wi t h gr eer . , whi t e, or r ed st r i pes, r esp<<_-t i vel y. Cont ai ner s cont ai r ung i gni t er s X) nl y ar e pai nt ed compl et el yned,

( 9) Cont ai ner s f or r ounds havi ng hi gh- expl osi ve shel l have ayel l ow st r i p ; havi ng chemi cal shel l , a gr ay st r i p ( super i mposed wi t hyel l ow, r ed, ar gr een bands t o i ndi cat e smoke or gas f i l l er s) , or havi ngi ner t shel l , a bl ack st r i p,

( 10) Cont ai ner s f or ammuni t i on assembl ed wi t h shel l whi chhave t he suppl ement ar y bur st i ng char ge have st enci l ed t her eon" W; ` SUPPL, CHG_" and t he l et t er " P. "

41, On pal l ct w 5uxcs, Cunt ai neM, or uncr at ed spel t and bor nbsar e packed f or shi pment and st or age i n pal l et s . Wal l et s ar e mar kedso t hat t he shi ppi ng name, wei ght . and cubi c f eet ar e st enci l ed on t het op sect i on of t he pal l et . The over seas addr ess, i f any, i s st enci l edon t wo boxes, cont ai ner s, shel l s, or bombs, bot h bei ng i n di agonal l yopposi t e cor ner s of t he pal l et ( f i g, 159) .

182.

LUTNUMBER. Lot number s ar e basi cal l y descr i bed i n chap-t er 1, sect i on I I ,

Sect i on V

SHI PPI NG

1; 83, GENERM. - The i nf or mat i on cont ai ned i n t hi s sect i on out -l i nes t he speci al r egul at i ons cont r ol l i ng t he shi ppi ng and t r anspor -t at i on of expl osi ves wi d ammuni t i on, The gener al r egul at i ons ar econt ai ned i i i AR 55- 155 whi ch appl y t o gover nment as wel l as t ocor nr ner ci xt l shi pment s . Shi pment s made by mi l i t ar y est abl i shment swi l l compl y wi t h appl i cabl e r equi r ement s of t hese r egul at i ons andr ecommendat i ons_

When any di f f i cul t i es ar e encount er ed i n compl y-i ng wi t h t hese r egul at i ons, a r epor t i n det ai l wi l l be submi t t ed t o t heChi ef of Or dnance t hr ough appr opr i at e channel s.

270

TM 9- 1900

Par s . 184- 185


184. , REGUT, ATI ON5 AND REFERENCES.

a. Mi l i t ar y . A l i st of pul al i cnt i ons cont r ol l i ng t r anspor t at i on ofexpl osi ves i s pr ovi ded i n chapt er 5.

Li .

hunmi l i i ur y.

Regul at i ons f or t he t r anspor t at i on of expl osi ves,i nf l ammabl e. and ot her danger ous ar t i cl es by r ai l , mot or vehi cl es, andmer chant vessel s ar e pr escr i hed by t he I nt er st at e Commer ce Com-mi ssi on ( f or r ai l and mot or vehi cl es, see par . 185) and U. S. CoastGuar d ( f or mer chant vessel s, see Regul at i ons Gover ni ng Tr anspor t a-t i on of Mi l i t er y Expl osi ves on Boar d Vessel s Dur i ng Pr esent Emer -gency and Regul at i ons f or t he Secur i t y of Vessel s i n Por t ) .

v .

St at e and t r nuni ci pal l aws, or di naner s, and r egul at i ons. I naddi t i on t o t he Feder al l aws gover ni ng i nt er st at e t r anspor t at i on ofexpl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl es, each st at e and near l y al lmuni ci pal i t i es have l aws or or di nances r egul at i ng t he t r anspor t at i onof expl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl es wi t hi n t hei r j ur i sdi ct i on.Shi pment s of expl osi ves and ammuni t i on wi l l compl y wi t h appl i cabl er equi r ement s of I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi ont r egul at i ons, Por tand har bor r egul at i ons. St at e and Muni ci pal l aws . and r ecommenda-t i ons by Bur eau of Expl osi ves.

41 . Rai l mgul at i on. X- For t hese r egul at i ons, consul t " I nt er st at eCommer ce Commi ssi on Regul at i ons f or Tr anspor t at i on of Expl osi vesand ot her Danger ous Ar t i cl es by Fr ei ght , " publ i shed by t he Bur eauof Expl osi ves, 30 Vesey St r eet , New Yor k, NewYmk ; and see speci f i cappl i cat i on by r ef er ence t o i t ems i nvol ved 131 i ndex of Consol i dat edFr ei ght Cl assi f i cat i on,

1$a, I NTFRSTATE COMMERCE COMMI SSI ON REGULA-TI ONS.

u.

The t r anspor t at i on of expl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl eswi t hi n t he l i mi t s of t he j ur i sdi ct i on of t he Uni t ed St at es i s r egul at edby Feder ai l aw. Act of Mar ch 4, 1909. chapt er 321, sect i ons 232 and234 ( 35 St at . 1134 ) , as amended by t he act of Mar ch 4, 1921, chapt er172 ( 41 St ot . 1444- 1445) . and t he Danger ous Car go Act of Oct ober9, 19411 ( Puhl i v. Nr , , spy, 76t h Cong. ) , Vi ol at i ons of t hi s act ar epuni shabl e by vever e f i nes and i mpr i sonment .

6.

Sect i on 233 of t he sbovt - N- ment i oned act , as al nendO, r eads i npar t as f ol l ows ; " The I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi on shal l f or mu-l st e r egul at i ons f or t he saf e t r anspor t at i on, wi t hi n t he l i mi t s of t hej ur i sdi ct i on of t he Uni t ed St at es, of expl osi ves and ot her danger ousar t i cl es, ' : r ' ; whi ch shal l be bi ndi ng upon al l common car r i er s en-gaged i n i nt er st at e or f or ei gn coi nmor ce whi ch t r anspor t expl osi vesor ot her danger ous ar t i cl es vi a any common car r i er engaged i n i nt erst at e or f or ei gn commer ce by l and or wat er _"

Sect i on 235 of t he Actof Mar ch 4, 1921 r equi r es t he shi pper of expl osi ves and ot her danger -ous ar t i cl es t o descr i be, pack, and mar k el l packages pr oper l y, and t o

Par . 185

TM9- 1900

Car o, Handl i ng, and Pr oer vet i on

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i nf or m t he agency t r anspor t i ng t he packages of t he t r ue nat ur e ofcont ent s. Vi ol at i ons of t hi s act ar e puni shabl e by sever e f i nes andi mpr i sonment I CC Fr ei ght Tar i f f No. 3 pr escr i bes t vgut at i ot f s f ort r anspor t at i on by wat er .

e.

Under t he aut hor i t y of t he above- quot ed act , as amended, t heI nt er st at e Commer ce Cot nr ni esi on has publ i shed r egul at i ons gover n-i ng t he t r anspcr r t Rt i on of expl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl es byr ai l , mot or vehi cl e ( hi ghway) , and vessel .

186. L: . S. COAST GUARD. The U. S_ Coast Guar d pr escr i besr egul at i ons gov4ar ni ng t he st or age, st owage, and use of expl osi ves andammuni t i on on hoar d mer chant vessel s. I t i s r esponsi bl e f or secur i t yand st i pet vi si on of vessel s, whi ch i ncl udes har ges, unl ess speci f i cal l yexempt . ( See Regul at i ons Cover i ng Tr an9por t nt i an of Mi l i t ar yExpl osi ves On Boar d Veunl $ Dur i ng Pr oSi ent Emer gency. )

187. COMBI NATI ON OF TYPES FOR SHI PPI NG MRAI LOR MOTOR VEHI CLE.

a.

Regul at i ons of t hcr I ec r est r i ct t he shi ppi ng of di f f er ent t ypesof expl osi ves and ammuni t i on i n t he same car or t r uck . These r est r i c-t i ons ar e speci f i ed i n t he Loadi ng and St or age Char t of Expl osi vesand Ot her Danger ous Ar t i cl es and publ i shed i n I CC Regul at i ons . Ther est r i ct i ons may he summar i zed as f ol l ows ,

( 1)

Sul k i ni t i at i ng expl osi ves may not be shi pped dr y.( 2)

I ni t i at i ng component s such as det onat i ng f uzes, hl ast i ng caps,boast er s, and bur st er s may not be shi pped wi t h any ot her hi gh-expl osi ve i t em except when assembl ed t her et o. A f ur t her except i oni s per mi t t ed i n case of emer gency Cer t i f i ed by t he Of f i ce of t he Chi efof Or dnance, i n whi ch case i ni t i at i ng component s may be shi ppedwi t h hi gh- expl osi ve component s pr ovi ded t hey ar e separ at ed by a3- f oot sand bar r i cade .

( 3)

Fi r ev4- ar ks may not be shi pped wi t h hi gh expl osi ves or bl ackpowder .

( 4)

Chemi cal agent s may not be shi pped wi t h hi gh expl osi ves orbl ack powder .

188. RAI L SHI PMENT.a. Loadi ng. When l oadi ng f r ei ght car s f or shi pment ( f i gs . 160,

161, and 162) , Bur eau of Expl osi ves Pamphl et s No. 6 and 6A shoul dbe consul t ed, These pamphl et s gover n t he met hods of l oadi ng, st ay-i ng, and br aci ng of car l oad and l ess t han car l oad ( LCL) shi pment s ofexpl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl es, l oaded shel l s ( pr oj ect i l es) ,and l oaded bombs not cover ed i r l or dnance dr awi ngs. Or dnance dr aw-i ngs, speci f i cat i ons, and st andar d pr act i ce sheet s cont ai n cer t ai n t ech-ni cal i nf or mat i on r equi r ed i n t he car l oadi ng and st or age and mar ki ng

Par . TOOCor e, Handr i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

274

TM 9- 1900

TM 9- 1900

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of ammuni t i on. They may be obt ai ned by appl yi ng di r ect l y t o t heof f i ce of t he Chi ef of Or dnance. The Chi ef of Or dnance has com-pi l ed a ser i es of vol umed dr awi ngs, cover i ng ammuni t i on st or age,l oadi ng, and bl ocki ng whi ch ar e i n cl ass and di vi si on 19- 48, I t emsar e l i st ed by Ammuni t i on I dent i f i cat i on Code Symbol , packi ng, dr aw-i ng, and abbr evi at ed nomencl at ur e. For i nf or mat i on on l egal r equi r e-ment s, consul t TCC r egul at i ons,

h .

The car go shoul d be st udi ed and deci si on on appr opr i r i t e st ow-age made bef or ehand. The car best sui t ed f or t he needs at handshoul d be or der ed. When t he ear ar r i ves, i t shoul d be gi ven a t hor oughsweepi ng and i nspect i on f or pr ot r udi ng nai l s and bol t heeds, whi chmust be r emoved or cover ed wi t h wood.

The si des of t he car shoul dbe boar ded up wher e necessar y t o obt ai n an even bear i ng and pr operdunnage ( see Bur eau of Expl osi ves Pamphl et s) . Subst ant i al gang-ways shoul d be pr ovi ded; obst r uct i ons whi ch may pr event f r ee ent r yt o t he car r emoved; t he i mmedi at e vi ci ni t y cl ear ed of l eaves, dr ygr ass, and ot her i nf l ammabl e mat er i al s ; and t he br akes set and wheel schocked, Dur i ng l oadi ng oper at i ons, t he car and magazi ne doorshoul d be cl osed when engi neb nr speeder s ar e passi ng,

Car s shoul dnot be l ef t par t l y l oaded unl ess i t i s i mpossi bl e t o f i ni sh l oadi ng atone t i me, i n whi ch case car door s must be secur el y l acked, Af t erl oadi ng, t he shi pment shoul d be pr oper l y br aced and st ayed, t he carpr oper l y seal ed and pl acar ded ( see I CC r egul at i ons) , and a per -manent r ecor d of car number s kept . Too much i mpor t ance cannotbe pl aced on pr oper bl ocki ng and st ayi ng, I n many cases t he br aci ngmay seem excessi ve f or t he packages i nvol ved; however , i f a carl oaded wi t h packages of expl osi ves, movi ng at a r at e of 5 mi l es perhour , shoul d bump e sol i d t r ai n of l oaded car s, t he packages may besubj ect ed t o a pr essur e as hi gh us 5 t i mes t he t ot al wei ght of packagesi nvol ved. For exampl e, under t hese ci r cumst ances a 58- pound boxmoment ar i l y appr oaches 290 pounds of pr essur e. I n unl oadi ng car st he same saf et y pr ecaut i ons t hat have been out l i ned above shoul d beobser ved, An i nspect i on must be made of t he met hod of bl ocki ng,st ayi ng, and condi t i on and ser vi ceabi l i t y of cont ent s bef or e r el easi nga car f or shi pment , Al l car s t hat have cont ai ned expl osi ves shoul dbe car ef ul l y swept and el l pl acar ds r emoved,

Sweepi ngs shoul d bet hr own i n r unni ng wat er , bur ned, or pl aced i n a met al r ecept acl e f orl at er di sposi t i on.

Al l shi pment s r ecei ved i n a badl y damaged condi -t i on shoul d be r epor t ed t hr ough channel s t o t he Chi ef of Or dnance.

r .

Cer t i f i ed r ams. I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi on r egul at i onsr equi r e t he use of a " cer t i f i ed car " f or shi pment of many expl osi ves ;r ef er t o I CCFr ei ght Tar i f f No, 4 f or except i ons .

A " car cer t i f i ed" f orshi pment of cer t ai n expl osi ves ( see I CC r egul at i ons) must be si gnedi n dupl i cat e by a r epr r esent at i ve of t he car r i er and of t he shi pper af t ershi pment i s l oaded and pr oper l y br aced_ Two of t hese must be

276

TM9- 1900

r ar e. 188- 199Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

at t ached out si de t he door s car t o t he si des of t he car , one on each si de,i n addi t i on t o r equi r ed expl osi ve pl acar d.

d. Spot t i ng of l oaded car e. Loaded r ai l r oad car s wi l l not be l ef ti n t he open ar ea bet ween magazi nes, wher e t hey may act as an i nt er -medi at e st ep i n pr opagat i on of an expl osi on. Rai l r oad l oadi ng andunl oadi ng f aci l i t i es f or ammuni t i on shoul d be separ at ed f r om i nhab-i t ed bui l di ngs, publ i c hi ghways, and publ i c r ai l r oads i n accor dancewi t h quant i t y- di st ance r equi r ement s, chapt er 3, sect i on I I . Car sshoul d not r emai n at t he l oadi ng or unl oadi ng f aci l i t i es l onger t han24 hour s . Not mor e t han one car shoul d be per mi t t ed at t he unl oad-i ng f aci l i t i es at one t i me ( t hi s does not appl y t o Por t s of Embar ka.t i on) . Addi t i onal car s shoul d be hel d on an i sol at ed spur . Car scont ai ni ng X; r nmuni t i on shoul d not be i n gr oups of mor e t han t hr eewhen spot t ed on t he spur , and t he gr oups shoul d be separ at ed by 400f eet . Bef or e car s cont ai ni ng expl osi ves and ammuni t i on ar e movedby a l ocomot i ve, t he ai r br ake coupl i ngs must be coupl ed and t est edt o assur e t hat t he ai r br akes ar e i n pr oper wor ki ng condi t i on.

Whencar s ar e spot t ed and engi nes ar e det ached, t he hand br akes must beset .

Dur i ng t he movi ng of a car by pi nchbar , a man must be st at i onedat t he hand br ake at al l t i mes .

" Dr oppi ng, " " bumpi ng, ' " ki cki ng, " ort he use of t he f l yi ng swi t ch wi t h car s l oaded wi t h expl osi ves andammuni t i on i s pr ohi bi t ed.

C.

l nsPCC110ei j ai i nr ki mi ng ; ahi pment i %.( 1)

Al l r ai l way car s bef or e ent er i ng a mi l i t ar y i nst al l at i on, mustr ecei ve compl et e ext er i or i nspect i on. Thi s i ncl udes exami nat i on ofcar seal s f or t amper i ng, and ver i f i cat i on of Pnt mber s agai nst shi ppi ngpaper s and bi l l of l adi ng t o i nsur e t hat car s have not been opened i nt r ansi t . I f car seal s have been t amper ed wi t h or do not cor r espondwi t h document s, or sabot age i s suspect ed, t he car Shoul d be i nspect edby aut hor i zed per sonnel at a speci al l ocat i on .

( 2) Compl et e i nt er i or i nspect i on i s made when t he car s ar eopened. Check cont ent s f or condi t i ons and ser vi ceabi l i t y, and bl ock-i ng and st ayi ng met hods i f damage i s pr eval ent .1119. WATER SHI PMENTS.

a. Regi i l at i ons, Shi pment s of expl osi ves and ot her danger ousar t i cl es aboar d vessel s ( i ncl udi ng l i ght er s and bar ges) by commer ci alser vi ce shal l conf or mt o t he r egul at i ons pr escr i bed by t he U. S. CoastGuar d Regul at i ons Gover ni ng Tr anspor t at i on of Mi l i t ar y Expl osi veson Boar d VesseI s dur i ng pr esent Emer gency, and I CC Tar i f f No. 3 .These r egul at i ons per mi t t he t r anspor t at i on of mi l i t ar y expl osi ves andammuni t i on i n accor dance wi t h r equi r ement s of t he War and NavyDepar t ment s . AR55- 170 cont ai ns r egul at i ons gover ni ng t r anspor t at i onof mi l i t ar y expl osi ves, i nf l ammabl es, and chemi cal mat er i al s. Al sor egul at i ons of por t s and har bor s of t he ci t i es and st at es af f ect edshoul d he consul t ed and compl i ed wi t h.

977

par . 189

TM9- 1940Car e, Handl i ng, and ' Pr eser vat i on

b.

Pr r cant i ons and saf e bxndbug.X1)

Tr anspor t at i on of expl osi ves, except smal l - ar r ns ammuni t i on,on shi ps car r yi ng passenger s i s pr ohi bi t ed except f or combat l oadi ngand ot her oper at i onal r equi r ement s whi ch may be except ed upondeci si on by compet ent aut hor i t y. Equi pment t o be used f or shi p-ment shoul d be i nspect ed and decl ar ed as accept abl e by dul y aut hori zed por t aut hor i t i es .

Regul at i ons cover i ng use of f i r es . st oves, gaso-l i r e, mat ches, smoki ng, f l ags, anchor s, l amps, hooks, et c . , shoul d beconsul t ed and st r i ct l y compl i ed wi t h.

Per sons under t he i nf l uence ofl i quor or dr ugs shoul d not be per mi t t ed on boar d a vessel whi l e l oad.i ng, unl oadi ng, or t r anspor t i ng of expl osi ves and ammuni t i on i s i npr ogr m. No r epai r s ot her t han emer gency r epai r s shal l be under -t aken whi l e any expl osi ves ar e on boar d as car go, and oper at i ons wi t hequi pment necessi t at i ng t he use of open f l ames or aci d i s pr ohi bi t edexcept upon speci al per mi ssi on% of por t aut hor i t i es .

Expl osi ves shal lbe st owed and segr egat ed by gr oups accor di ng t o Coast Guar d r egu-l at i ons .

( 2)

Ammuni t i on or expl osi ves i n bul k may be st owed i n a hol dbef or e or af t er ot her car go. pr ovi ded al l pr ecaut i ons ar e made agai nstt he hazar d of ar t i cl es bei ng dr opped f r omt he sl i ng.

As f ar as pr ac-t i cabl e al l wor k i n connect i on wi t h t he const r uct i on of a magazi ne,or ot her condi t i oni ng of hol ds, decks, or hat ches, shal l be compl et edpr i or t o act ual l oadi ng of ammuni t i on or bul k expl osi ves.

( 3)

The f l oor s of al l magazi nes and hol ds shal l be cl ear ed of al lr ubbi sh, di scar ded dunnage, and spi l l ed expl osi ves, end swept br oomcl ear s bef or e any ar mzvuni t i on or expl osi ves ar e l oaded ont o t he vessel .Bui l di ngs shal l al so be exami ned and any r esi due of pr evi ous car gor emoved t her ef r om.

( 4)

The hat ches ; of t he vessel wi l l be kept cl osed except dur i ngl oadi ng or unl oadi ng oper at i ons, and when so cl osed wi l l be cover edwi t h t ar paul i n and bat t ened,

( 5)

I f l oadi ng ar unl oadi ng i s not compl et ed dur i ng oper at i onalt i me, pr oper pr ecaut i ons wi l l be t aken t o guar d and pr ot ect t he car goagai nst f i r e . and a suf f i ci ent cr ew wi l l be l ef t i n char ge t o handl e t hevessel i n case of emer gency .

Docks shoul d be kept cl ear of r ubbi sh,et c . Ammuni t i on and expl osi ves shoul d not be l ef t on a dock orel sewher e unl ess pr oper guar d i s pr ovi ded or del i ver y made t o aut hor -i zed per sons. Expl osi ves and ammuni t i on wi l l not be l ef t on boar dover ni ght unl ess such act i on i s necessar y i nci dent t o t hei r t r nnspor t a-t i on.

Li ght er s shoul d Vi ol be t i ed up t o t hat par t of a vessel or dock.wher e t he hr er oomor bai l er i s l ocat ed.

Expl osi ves shoul d be kept asf ar away f r omt he boi l er r oom and engi ne r oomas i s possi bl e.

( 6)

The use of oi l or chemi cal bur ni ng l amps or l ant er ns i s pr o-hi bi t ed when l oadi ng. onl y el ect r i c l ant er ns wi l l be used wbef amovabl e ar t i f i ci al l i ght i s necessar y .

- 27s

TM 9- 1900

Par s . 199- 190Car o, Handl i ng, and Pr eaer vat i on

( 7)

Li ght er s, bar ges, scows, and t ugs engaged i n haul i ng vessel sor vessel s ber t hed at an ammuni t i on l oadi ng pi er l oaded wi t h expl o-si ves must have t hei r f unnel s or smoke st acks cover ed wi t h scr eeni ngof sui t abl e si ze t o pr event t he escape of spar ks.

Thi s scr eeni ng mustbe r enewed whenever i t i s br oken.

( 8)

Magazi nes ( car go spar e) f or expl osi ves and ammuni t i on andal l met al obst r uct i ons and const r uct i ons must be l i ned ent i r el y wi t hwood or aut hor i sed wood subst i t ut e not l egs t han 1 i nch t hi ck, nai l edwi t h cement - coat ed nai l s and count er sunk.

( 9) Expl osi ves awai t i ng r emoval or del i ver y shoul d be st or edout si de t he dock car whar f when pr act i cabl e and ever y possi bl e ef f or tmust be made t o r educe t he t i me of such st or age . St or age of t hesemat er i al s must be i n a saf e pl ace and away f r om danger ous ar t i cl es,

( 10)

Fackagos of oxpl oei ve and ammuni t i on must not be handl edr oughl y, i hr awn, dr opped, dr agged, or r ol l ed over each ot her or overdecks.

( 11)

Met al hand books shal l not be used i n handl i ng packages ofexpl osi vcm Cant hooks shel l not be used f or r ai si ng or l ower i ngbar r el s, dr ums, or ot her cont ai ner s of expl osi ves,

( 12)

Cont ai ner s of expl osi ves showi ng evi dence of damage orl eakage shal l not be accept ed f or t r anspor t at i on or st or age on boar da vessel ,

Recooper i ng or r epacki ng of damaged or f aul t y cont ai ner sshoul d be done at a saf e di st ance f r omt he vessel .

] ( A) . hl OTORTRUCK SHI PMENTS.a. Regul at i ons.( 1)

Regul at i ons gover ni ng t r anspor t at i on of ammuni t i on and ex-pl osi ves by t r uck i s f ul l y cover ed by I CC Mot or Car r i er Regul at i ons,par t No. 7, f or commer ci al car r i er , and AR 55- 155 t ot gover nm" t -oper at ed vehi cl es, and wi l l be st r i ct l y adher ed t o, Most st at es andCi t i es, t own&, vi l l ages, et c . , have t hei r own l aws concer ni ng t he t r ans-por t at i on of expl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl es wi t hi n t hei rj ur i sdi ct i on. The l ocal aut hor i t i es of t hose sect i ons t hr ough whi chmot or shi pment s wi l l pass shoul d be consul t ed and t hei r r ul es, r egu-l at i ons, and r ecommendat i ons as t o t he best r out e t o f ol l ow i n or dert o avoi d congest ed ar eas, be st r i ct l y adher ed t o. On r equest , l ocalpubl i c saf et y aut hor i t i es wi l l pr ovi de escor t s or guar ds f or movementof expl osi ves t hr ough t hei r j ur i sdi ct i on. I f compl i ance wi t h t heser ul es i s i mpr act i cabl e, t he mat t er shal l be r ef er r ed t o t he Chi ef ofOr dnance i n det ai l .

( 2)

Except i n cases of emer gency, shi pment s of ammuni t i on orexpl osi ve mat er i al s, except smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on, wi l l not beshi pped by mot or t r uck wi t hout pr i or appr oval of t he War Depar tment ,

Thi s does not appl y t o l ocal or near by haul i ng but i t i s i n-t ended t o pr event t r uck shi pment wher e r ai l or wat er f aci l i t i es ar eavai l abl e .

Par . 194

TM 9- 1940Car e, Ha, i dl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

( 3)

Expl osi ves and ot her danger ous ar t i cl es wi l l not be shi ppedby any commer ci al hi ghway car r i er nor wi l l l ocal dr ayage t her eof byany commer ci al concer ns be engaged, unl ess t he car r i er or dr ayageconcer n f i l es A cer t i f i cat e wi t h t he cont r ol l i ng t r anspor t at i on of f i cerst at i ng t hat sai d car r i er or dr ayage concer n wi l l compl y wi t h al l l awsand r egul at i ons pr omul gat ed by f eder al , st at e, and l ocal gover nment sand muni ci pal i t i es t hat may be appl i cabl e t o and gover n each par .t i eul ar shi pment of expl osi ves and ot her danger ou° ' ar t i cl es.

Mot orcar r i er s not l i censed by t he I CC may t r anspor t expl osi ves i n i nt er st at ecommer ce pr ovi ded par t s 2, 3 . 6, and 7 oaf t he Mot or Car r i er Saf et yRegul at i ons ar e obser ved.

( 4)

When gover nment - oper at ed vehi cl es ar e used i n t r anspor t i ngexpl osi ve mat er i al , t he shi ppi ng of f i cer wi l l t ake al l necessar y andr easonabl e pr ecaut i ons t o i nsur e saf e t r ansi t . Except i n t i me ofemer gency, t he shi ppi ng of f i cer wi l l be r esponsi bl e f or t he obser vat i onof al l I CC r egul at i ons appl i cabl e. I f t he cr ymmandi ng of f i cer of anar aer i al or depot or a gener al or f i el d of f i cer of t he l i ne decl ar es t heshi pment as an emer gency, t he shi ppi ng of f i cer wi l l t ake ever y r ea.sonabl e pr ecaut i on t o i nsur e saf e movement of t he expl osi ves, t oxi cgases, or ot her danger ous ar t i cl es whi l e i n t r ansi t on gover nmentr eser vat i ons and publ i c hi ghways.

( 5)

When t r ucks have been l oaded and r eady f or movement , t hedr i ver s wi l l be i nf or med of t he t r ue nat ur e of t he expl osi ves on t het r ucks, t he f i r e hazar ds, t he r net hoda t o be used i n f i ght i ng f i r es i nvol v-i ng t he t r uck or car go, t he mi sbi l e di st ance i n case of expl osi on, pr operdi st ance t o mai nt ai n bet ween ot her t r ucks, and any ot her i nf or mat i ont hat wi l l br i ng about saf e del i ver y of t he shi pment t o i t s dest i nat i on.

( 6)

Any expl osi ve or ammuni t i on accept ed f or r ai l shi pment i sequal l y accept abl e f or movement by t r uck ( par. 188) , and l oadi ngand st or age char t f or i t ems t hat may be l oaded on mot or vehi cl es i soi r ni l ar t o t hat used on r ai l r oad car s .

For f ur t her descr i pt i on, see I CC,par t No. 7.

I n passenger - car r yi ng vehi cl es, however , expl osi ves andchemi cal agent s way not be t r anspor t ed, except smal l - ar ms ammuni -t i on. l abor at or y sampl es, and cl ass B sol i d poi sons, or shi pment swei ghi ng l ess t han 100 pounds .

h.

Pr ecaut i ons and ear s handl i ng.( 1) Ever y pr ecaut i on agai nst f i r e must be obser ved. Tr ucks

shoul d be i nspect ed dai l y t o ascer t ai n t hat el ect r i c wi r i ng, l i ght s,br akes, gasol i ne t anks, and l i nes ar e i n good wor ki ng or der , t he engi necl ean of dust and oi l , and t he engi ne pan i s f r ee f r om accumul at i onsof di r t and gr ease. Accumul at i ons of oi l or gr ease spl ashed f r omt he uni ver sal j oi nt , t r ansmi ssi on, or ot her movi ng par t s, on t he undersi de of t he f out boar ds or body of t he car shoul d be cl eaned t hor oughl yaf t er each l ong t r i p or days wor k . Leaki ng gasol i ne t anks or l i nesshoul d be r epai r ed i mmedi at el y, and l i ght ed ci gar et t es, ci gar s, pi pes,

1171

7' 1 7L\ f

Car e, Ham' i ' l i ng. and Pr eser vat i on

and open f i ght s must be kept away f r om t he vi ci ni t y when f i l l i nggasol i ne t anks . When necessar y t o use mat ches, onl y saf et y mat chesm, , y be used. They must he kept i n a met al cont ai ner i n t he t oolbox, Usc- of " st r i ke anywher e" mat ches i s pr ohi bi t ed. The amountof wast e i n a t r uck shoul d be kept t o a mi ni mum, and oi l y and cl eanwast e shoul d be separ at ed. Tr ash , t houl d not be per mi t t ed t o ac-cumul at e i n t he Loc) l box,

( 2)

Al l t r ucks wi l l be pr ovi t l et l wi t h at l east one pr oper l y f i l l edf i r e ext i ngui sher _ ` Al l dr i ver s and ot her empl oyees shoul d he i n-st r uct ed as t o t he best met hods of ext i ngui shi ng gasol i ne f i r es wi t hPyr enf , and shoul d be i mpr essed wi t h t he f act t hat i r l near l y al l casest her e i s t i me t o ext i ngui sh & f i r s, as i t t akes an appr eci abl e t i me t oheat ani r nuni t i on t o t he poi nt wher e i t wi l l expl ode. A box cont ai i ) -i ng 3 cubi c f eet of , and shoul d be car r i ed on Loch vehi cl e .

( 3)

When ammuni t i on ant i expl osi ves ar e bei ng t r anspor t ed i n aconvoy of t r ut hs, i t i s advi " bl e t hat t hey do not become wi del ysepar at ed but a saf e di st ance bet ween each t r uck be mai nt ai ned t r yavoi d cl angor of col l i si on .

The convoy st i oul d be st opped once eachhour dur i ng t he t r i p, t o i nap+: ct each t r uckl oad, i n a l ocat i on notwi t hi n or cl ose t o l i mi t s of ci t i es, t ovms, or muai ci pal i t i es.

Dr i vi ngt hr ough congest ed ar eas shoul d be avoi ded when possi bl e . Tr ucksshoul d m9i nt ai n a moder at e sped ai r ] mal ce a f ul l st op at r ai l r oadcr ossi ngs. Unaut hor i sed pci suns wi l l not be per mi t t ed t o r i de ant r ucks . I f a t r uck cat ches f i r e, t he ot her t r ucks wi l l pr oceed t o asaf e di st ance i n cage an expl osi on may occur a, t i d guar ds post ed at adi st ance of sever al hundr ed yar ds on each si de of t he t r uck t o st opal l t r af f i c, .

I n case a t r uck br eaks do&n and cannot be t owed t o i t sdest i nat i on by one of t he ot her t r ucks, a t wo- man guar d shoul d hest at i oned and t 1

post t o whi ch t he convoy i s pr oceedi ng shoul d benot i f i ed so t hat a t r uck can be di spat ched at once wi t h l oadi ng per -sonnel t o r el i eve t he di sabl ed t r uck of i t s l oad.

( 4)

Fuzes or et her det onat i ng agent s shoul d not be t r anspor t edwi t h ot her expl osi ves. An except i on i s ammuni t i on f or cannon shi ppedwi t h f uzes or boost er s assembl ed_ The l oad shoul d be wel l br aced andst ayed and t ar paul i n spr ead t o pr ot ect t he l oad f r om t he weat herend f r om spar ks_

As an I CC War Emer gency Regul at i on, f uzes maybe t r anspor t ed wi t h ot her expl osi ves of a 3- f oot sand bar r i er separ at est he f uzes f r om t he ot her expl osi ves,

( S)

Expl osi ves and ammuni t i on shoul d not be unl oaded or pi l edi mmedi at el y back of t he exhaust Thi s r egul at i on i s i nt ended t oappl y t o bul k shi pment s of ammuni t i on by mot or t r uck_ No r egu-l at i ons wi l l be const r ued t o pr ohi l ut t he car r yi ng of compl et e r oundsof ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on, i ncl udi ng f uzes and pr i mer s, i n one vehi cl eby combat uni t s_

( 6) When t r ansj ) or t i ng ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on, al l pr oj ect i l esshoul d be per Hl l 0 t o t he si de of t he t r uck so t hat t he pr oj ect i l e wi l l

; Mt 13 0 411 i X

2at

ear . i vu

Par . 190Car e, Nondl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

7M9- 1904

not r ol l back agai nst t he t ai l gat e of t he t r uck. I f i t i s necessar y t opl ace mor e t han one l ayer of pr oj ect i l es i n t he t r uck, st r i ps of pl ank-i ng shoul d be pl aced over t he f i r st l ayer of pr oj ect i l es t o pr ot ect t her ot at i ng bands f r om becomi ng def or med t hr ough cont act wi t h ot herpr oj ect i l es when t he t r uck i s i n mot i on.

( 7)

No cont ai ner of expl osi ves or ot her danger ous ar t i cl es maybe accept ed by a mot or car r i er i f damaged or i n a l eaki ng condi t i on.Any cont ai ner f ound br oken or l eaki ngdur i ng t r ansi t may be r epai r edwhen pr act i cabl e and not danger ous. Repai r s shoul d be done i naccor dance wi t h best and saf est pr act i ce known and at l east 140 f eetf r om ot her expl osi ves or ammuni t i on, I f t he damaged cont ai nercannot be r epai r ed, i t shoul d be r ei nf or ced by heavy wr appi ng paperand t wi ne. pl aced i n anot her st or age box, and sur r ounded by dr y f i nesawdust , dr y cl ean cot t on wast e, or wads made f r om dr y newspaper sand box cover secur el y at t ached.

When l eaki ng and d i maged con-t ai ner i s beyond r ecooper age, i t may not be t r anspor t ed beyond t hemi ni mum di st ance necessar y t o r each a pl ace wher e t he expl osi vemay be di sposed of wi t h saf et y.

( 8)

Tr ucks must have pneumat i c r ubber t i r ea and br akes on al lf our wheel s.

( 9)

Al l ar t i f i ci al l i ght i ng must be el ect r i c .( I 0)

Puel t ank i nl et s and connect i ons shoul d be equi pped wi t ha devi ce t o r el i eve i nt er nal pr essur e and pl aced so t hat no over f l owcan spi l l on t he exhaust , and exhaust pi pes wi l l be pr ot ect ed by apr oper l y const r uct ed f l ame baf f l e.

( 11)

The f l oor s of al l vehi cl es must be t i ght , and exposed met alon t he body cover ed or pr ot ect ed wi t h wood or nonmet al l i c mat er i al .

( l 2) Li ght i ng equi pment on vehi cl es shoul d be i n conf or mancewi t h t he st andar ds pr escr i bed by t he I CC or t he l aws of t he st at ewi t hi n whi ch t he vehi cl e i s oper at i ng.

( 13)

hl ot or t r ucks cont ai ni ng expl osi ves wi l l never be t aken i nt oa gar age or r epai r shi p f or r epai r or st or age unl ess i t i s an open, sun-shaded gar age wher e no open- f l ame l i ght er bur ner i s i n use.

( 14)

When possi bl e expl osi ves wi l l be t r anspor t ed dur i ng day .l i ght .

( 15)

I CCr ul es f or bi d t r anspor t at i on of expl osi ves on any f ul l orpol e t r ai l er ,

( 16) I nt et i or s of t r ucks must be f r ee of bol t s, nai l s, or ot herpr oj ect i ons whi ch may damage cont ai ner s.

( 17 )

The ent i r e l oad must be wi t hi n t he body of t he vehi cl e, andt he t ai l boar d of gat e must be cl osed and secur ed dur i ng t r ansi t

( 1$)

The engi nes of al l t r ucks must be st opped, al l br akes set ,and wheel s chocked bef or e l oadi ng and unl oadi ng,

282

TM 9- 1900

Por s . 190- 19TCar e, 1YHnX-X1i t t g, ar bcT Pr eser vat i on

( 19) Loaded t r ucks wi l l not be l ef t i n t he open ar ea bet weenmagazi nes as t hey may act as an i nt er medi at e st ep i n pr opagat i ng anexpl osi on .

( 20)

Ref uel i ng shoul d be r educed t o a mi ni mum, The el ect r i ci gni t i on syst em shoul d be t ur ned of f and t he engi ne st opped dur i ngt he r ef uel i ng pr ocess . I f t he engi ne i s pr ovi ded wi t h a magnet o, i tshoul d be gr ounded.

( 21) For any cont i nuous t r i p l onger t han 8 hour s, t he dr i vermust be accompani ed by an assi st ant .

Smoki ng wi l l not be per mi t t edi n t he cabs of vehi cl es t r anspor t i ng expl osi ves.

The car wi l l not bel ef t unat t ended on a pnbl i c st r eet or hi ghway .

( 22) Ever y shi pment of danger ous expl osi ve wi l l be del i ver edonl y t o a per son aut hor i zed t o t vcei ve i t . except such shi pment b asar e pl aced i n magazi nes whi ch ar e i mmedi at el y t her eaf t er l ocked,

( 23)

Mot or vebi ci es car r yi ng expl osi ves or ammuni t i on wi l l havet he pr escr i hf d pl acar di ng wi t h l et t er i ng no l ess t han 3 i nches hi gh ona sui t abl e backgr ound,

Sour °' Expl odve" si gns ar e r equi r ed, one ont he r ear , f r ont , and on each si de.

When t r anspor t i ng mor e t han onecl ass of expl osi ves or danger ous ar t i cl es, no mar e t han one ki nd ofsi gn l et t er i ng or pl acar d need be di spl ayed and t hat one must be t heone whi ch desi gnat es t he most danger ous ar t i cl e: bei ng t r anspor t ed.

( ' ' 4)

I n case of acci dent , al l unbr oken packages and as much ofany br oken packages as possi bl e wi l l be car ef ul l y gat her ed and r e-moved t o a pl ace of saf et y i n or der t o pr event t i r e or expl osi on.Car e shoul d be t aken not t o pr oduce spar ks.

I n t he event t hat amot or vehi cl e i s ent angl ed wi t h anot her or wi t h an obj ect or st r uc-t ur e, no at t empt wi l l be made t o di sent angl e t he vehi cl e unt i l t he l oadi s r emoved t o a pl ace 300 f eet f r om t he vehi cl e or any habi t at i on,I nhabi t ant s and ot her vehi cl es wi l l be war ned of t he danger ,

( 23)

When expl osi v" and ammuni t i on ar e bei ng t r anspor t er ) byt r uck f r om r ai l r oad l oadi ng and unl oadi ng f aci l i t i es t o or f r om t hemagazi ne ar ea, a r out e shoul d he sel ect ed whi ch avoi ds t r avel t hr oughcongest ed ar eas of t he post .

Sect i on VII NSPECTI ON AND SURVEI LLANCE

191 . £) EFI NI TI ONS.; a,

I napr r t i un, Per i odi c and speci al vi sual exami nat i ons whi chmay i ncl ude gagi ng, wei ghi ng, or i nvest i gat i on of component s as r e-qui r ed f ur t he pur poses of det er mi ni ng t he cur r ent ser vi ceabi l i t y oft he st ocks on hand and det ect i ng evi dences of det er i or at i on,

h* NI ai nt enanec. The car e t aken and wor k done t o keep t he am-muni t i on i n good condi t i on,

Par s. 191- 193

I Nt 9- t yw

Car e, Handl i ng, at xd Pr ese7Vaf l or 2

d.

{ : r at t i ng,

See chapt er 1, sect i on 11.

r .

Sur vei l l ance. . Obser vat i on, i nspect i on, i nvest i gat i on, t est , st udy,and cl assi f i cat i on of ammuni t i on and ammuni t i on component s andexpl osi ves i n movement , st or age, and use, wi t h r espect t o degr ee r _, fser vi ceabi l i t y and r at e of det er i or at i on .

192. I NSPECTI ON O NUGAMNLS AND MAC: AEI NE AREAS.a. Magazi nes and magazi ne ar eas shoul d be i nspect ed once a

mont h, or mor e f r equent l y as nt i ay be r equi r ed by r egul at i ons andcondi t i ons, t o see t hat al l condi t i ons er e nor mal , t hat nei t her humi d-i t y nor t emper at ur e i s or has been t oo hi gh wi t hi n t he magazi ne andt i t i at cont ai ner s ar e i n a sat i sf act or y condi t i on.

l i p . The f ol l owi ng i s a sur nmar y of condi t i ons t hat shoul d appl ywhen ammuni t i on i s i nspect ed :

( 1)

Tl t e l ocat i on of magazi nes shoul d conf or m t o t he quar t i t i t y-di st ance t abl es i n r egar d t o di st ance f r om i nhabi t ed bui l di ngs, f r ompubl i c. hi ghways and r ai l r oads, and f r omeach ot her ,

( 2) The magazi ne ar ea shoul d be wel l guar ded and pr ot ect edagai nst f i r e.

( 3) The r equi r ed f i r ebr eaks shoul d be pr ovi ded and f r ee f r omr ubbi sh and i nf l ammabl e mat er i al.

( 4)

The magazi nes shoul d be wel l and sui t abl y const r uct ed.( 5)

The magazi nes shoul d be i n good r epai r , dr y, and wel l vent i -l at ed

( 6)

The i nt er i or s of magazi nes shoul d be cl ean and neat wi t hst or es ar r anged i n or der l y pi l es,

( 7) The r equi r ement s of t he Mi xed St or age Char t , par agr aph173, shoul d be met .

{ g)

The st or es shoul d be pr oper l y i dent i f i ed by l ot number andpi l ed wi t h no mor e t han one t at i n each pi l e.

( 9)

Out er cont ai ner s shoul d be secur el y cl osed.( 10)

Loose r ounds, dai naged cont ai ner s, empt y cont ai ner s, pai nt ,oi l , wast e, r ags, t ool s, and ot her pr ohi bi t ed ar t i cl es shoul d not bepr esent i n t he magazi ne.

( 11)

Al l ammuni t i on, expl osi ves, and l oad component s ( exceptsmal l - ar ms ammuni t i on) shoul d be st or ed i n segr egat ed magazi nesand not i n bui l di ngs used f or ot her pur poses,

( l 2)

ExuNt e shoul d be r emoved f r ommagazi nes pr ompt l y .( 13)

Fi l es of publ i cat i ons shoul d not be kept i n magazi ne&

193. ShI OKELESS POWDER.a, Smokel ess powder i n bul k and separ at e- l oadi ng pr opel l i ng

char ges shoul d be i nspect ed t o see t hat al l cont ai ner s have l i ds f as-

TM9- 1904

Par s . 193- 194Car e, Handl i ng, ar 7d Pr eser vat i on

t oned f i r ml y i n pl ace. t hat cont ai ner s ar e ai r t i ght and i n good condi -t i <' i n . They shoul d be exami ned f or evi dence of havi ng been subj ect edt o moi st ur e and dampness and, i n wt i r m weat her and cl i mat es, t her e,col ' dS of t he me: : i mummi ni mum t her momet er exor ni ned. Met alcont ai nemof separ at e- l oadi ng pr opel l i ng Char ges shoul d be ai r - t est ed.Ai r - t est i ng per sonnel shoul d he f ami l i ar wi t h t he odor of decomposi ngpo,xder and shoul d i u3t e ear ef u) l y t he odor f r omeach cont ai ner as i topened f or ai r t est .

( 1)

Wl i en sr t i oket ess powder r eaches an age at whi ch i t may beexpect ed t o det er i or at e wi t h i nr cr eesed r api di t y, each cont ai ner i s i n-spect ed at l east ever y 1` ? mont hs, Pr opel l i ng char ges of l ot s t hatsat i sf act or i l y par sed pr evi ous i nspect i on shoul d be r ei nspect ed at12- mont h i nt er val s,

I f i t appear s t hat i t wi l l he nece9Sar y t o wi t h-hol d i nspect i on so t hat t he el apsed t une wi l l be gr eat er t han 14mont hs, pr i or aut hor i t y wi l l be obt ai ned f r omt he Chi ef of Or dnance.N' I et hods of i nspect i on and t est s t o be per f or med ar e l ai d down eachyear by t he Chi ef of Or dnance and publ i shed i n WDSB 9- AMM7.

( 2) Wher e t he number of def ect i ve pr opel l i ng char ges i n anyone l ot r eaches 10 per cent , t he bal ance of t he l ot wi l l t her eaf t er bei nspect ed at 6- mont h i nt er val s,

I t ,

Dur i ng i nspect i on. mi nor r epai r s such as t i ght eni ng f aci ngs andr epl aci ng gasket s shoul d be ef f ect ed .

r . I n l ar ge magazi nes, i nst ead of dat i ng each met hyl - vi ol et t estpaper i ndi vi dual l y, a r ecor d may be kept i n t he magazi ne of t he dat eof i nspect i on. I f any l ot s cont ai ni ng such undat ed paper s ar e shi ppedel sewher e, t he dat e of I SSL 3ngpect i on whi ch nor mal l y appear s an t het o- X- t paper wi l l be shown on t he shi ppi ng t i cket .

194,

M, , EDANDSEARFI XEDAN1nT[ i y I TTONANDGRENADES.a.

Al l st ocks on hand shoul d be i nspect ed t o see t hat t hey can ber eadi l y i dent i f i ed as t o ki nd and l ot number and t hat t he ammuni t i onhas nut been subj ect ed t o moi st ur e and dampness .

Cont ai ner s shoul dbe exami ned t o see t hat t hey hove not been opened nor i ndi vi dualr ounds r emoved f r om t hei r seal ed cont ai ner s. Ser vi ceabl e r oundst ur ned i n by t r oops shoul d be exami ned t o see t hat t hey have beenpr oper l y r epacked and seal ed.

Unser vi ceabl e r ounds oi l hand shoul di ve exami ned t o see t hat t hey si v packed i n cl osed cont ai ner s andi nqui r y made t o ascer t ai n t hat t hey 1s eve been r epor t ed f or di sposi t i on .

h.

When any l ar ge number of r ounds of f i xed or aer ni f i xed ar n-Muni t i nn has been i n st or age 5 year s or mor e, pr ovi si on shoul d ber uade f or t he i nspect i on of t he pr opel l i ng powder f r omr epr esent at i vel ot s of t he r ounds. Thi s r equi r es di sassembl y of t he r ound andshoul d be done wi t h ext r eme car e by exper i enced per sonnel onl y.Request may he made of t he appr opr i at e ser vi ce enr nr nt i nd f or shi p-pi ng r epr esoI t t t at i ve r ounds o¬ t he l ot s t o or di l ance est abl i shment s or

205

Par s . 194- 195

TM 9- 1900Car e, Handl i ng and Pr eser vat i on

f or an ammuni t i on i nspect or t o super vi se t he di sassembl y and i nsp(: c-t i on. These r epr esent at i ve r ounds shoul d be exami ned as f ol l ows :

( 1)

Thr ee packages r epr esent i ng each l ot wi l l be r emoved f r omt he magazi ne t o a l ocat i on i n accor dance wi t h saf et y r equi r ement s,and one r ound of ammuni t i on wi l l be sel ect ed at r andom f r om eachpackage. These r ounds shoul d be r emoved f r om t he magazi ne and4i sassembl ed wi t h car e,

I mmedi at el y af t er t he shel l i s r emoved f r omt he car t r i dge case, t he odor f r om t he powder wi l l be not ed.

Al l i nst ances of t he odor of ni t r ous f umes wi l l be r epor t ed.

I n gener al , anychar ge cont ai ni ng an excess of one per cent det er i or at ed gr ai ns wi l lhave a mar ked odor of ni t r ous f umes.

I f ni t r ous f umes ar e det ect ed,t he smokel ess powder f f mn t hat r ound wi l l be dest r oyed, t he pr i merf i r ed, and t he bal ance of t he r ound ehi l i ped t o t he near est or dnancedepot , The ent i r e l ot wi l l t hen be hel d f or di sposi t i on .

( 2)

Semi Xxed ammuni t i on wi l l I r e i nspect ed as descr i bed aboveexcept t hat , when t he char ge i s cont ai ned i n bags, t he bags onl y wi l lbe i nspect ed f or par t i al or t ot al di scol or at i on and subj ect ed t o amai t i ual t est t o det er mi ne t he ser vi ceabi l i t y of t he car t r i dge casecl ot h. Rounds cont ai ni ng bags whi ch ar e di scol or ed or spot t ed, i nwhi ch t he bags ar e weak due t o det er i or at ed smokel ess powder , wi l lbe di sposed of as descr i bed above.

( 3)

Mor t ar shel l , gr enades, mi nes, ant i r ocket s ar e i nspect ed asi n subpar agr aph a, above, except t hr i t ext r eme car e i s t aken t o see t hatal l gr enades and gr enade f UZCS ar e i n cont ai ner s whi ch ar e so ef f ec-t i vel y cl osed t hat t he ar t i cl es cannot be eaf i i l y r emoved and handl ed.

( 4) A r epor t i n dupl i cat e f or each l ot i nspect ed wi l l be f or -war ded, t hr ough channel s, t o t he Chi ef of Or dnance.

e.

Car t r i dge cases shoul d be i nspect ed, as occasi onal l y bur s, pr o-j ect i um, and sl i ght i mper f ect i ons ar e f or med on t he mout h of casesdur i ng seat i ng or cr i mpi ng oper at i ons on an assembl i ng machi ne.Such i r r egul ar i t i es must he r emoved so t hat t he r ounds may chambercor r ect l y . The use of power - dr i ven gr i ndi ng wheel s on l oaded mat er i al i s pr ohi bi t ed.

Al t hough i t i s pr ef er abl e t hat no f i l i ng or gr i nd-i ng be done on l oaded car t r i dge cases, t he car ef ul use of a f i l e f or t hi spur pose may be per mi t t ed when necessar y. When f i l i ng, t he r at emust be l i mi t ed so t hat t he heat gener at ed wi l l not be danger ous,Pr ot ect i on shoul d be gi ven t he pr i mer .

195 . SRALL"AWNI S A, 1011 ; NI I TI ON,a. TM9 " 1990 and WI DSB 9- AMM4 shoul d be avai l abl e f or

r ef er ence.b.

An exami nat i on shoul d be made t o ver i f y t he f ol l owi ng :( 1) That al l ammuni t i on on hand i s pr oper l y i dent i f i ed.( 2) That out er cont ai ner seal s have not been br oken or l i ner s

opened.

T. t i t 9- 1900

Par s . 195 , - 198Car e, l YaY] Cl 2i r t ( X, ar ea Pr e&Cr Vf l i i on

( : 3) That cover s of par t l y f i l l ed out er cont ai ner s ai v f i r ml yf ast ened.

( 4) That an excessi ve quant i t y of gr ade 3 ammuni t i on has notaccumul at ed.

( 5)

That gr ade 3 ammuni t i on has been r epor t ed ( per . $) ,( 6)

That t her e i s no gr eat accumul at i on of ser vi ceabl e r ounds ofAmmuni t i on not packed i l l cl i ps of bandol eer s or i n t he r egul ar l ypr escr i bed manner .

( 7)

That t her e i s no accumul at i on of ot her wi se ser vi ceabl e am-muni t i on not i dent i f i ed by l ot number .

e. The cont ent s of r epr esent at i ve cont ai ner s of l ot s t hat havebeen i n st or age f or 1 year shoul d he i nspect ed f or cor r osi on, seasoncr acki ng, dent s, or ot her def ect s of t he car t r i dge case, - and f or l oosebul l et s or spl i t t r acer bul l et s_

d.

Ser i ous def ect s shoul d be r epor t ed at once and, i f t he numberof def ect i ve car t r i dges i s gr eat er t han 20 per cent , t he l ot shoul d behel d f or i ni l r uct i or i 3 f r om t he Chi ef of Or dnance.

196. BULK EXPLOSI VES.a.

Hi gh expl osi ves anal bl ack powder . Bl ack powder i n bul k,pr act i ce bomb and smoke- puf f char ges, TNT i n bul l s and bl ocks, ex-pl osi ve D, and dynar ni t e shoul d be exami ned t o see t hat t he con-t Ai ner s ar e i n good condi t i on, t hat t her e ar e no open cont ai ner s, andt hat expl osi ves ar e not si f t i ng f r om t he cont ai ner s- Bl ack powdercont ai ner s shoul d be exami ned f or r ust and f or evi dence t hat con-t ai ner s havv. been opened i n an i mpr oper manner . such as by t he useof a col d chi sel , hat chet , or ot her unsui t abl e t ool , Dynami t e con-t ai ner s shoul d be exami ned f or si gns of exudat i on and ot her evi denceof ni t r ogl ycer i n on t he case or on t he Boor .

h.

Bul b powder ( smohr l eAi , ) .( 1)

Sul k powder of l ot s t hat sat i sf act or i l y passed pr evi ous i n-spect i ons shoul d be r ei nsl wt ed at 12- mont h i nt er val s, The act i onpr ovi ded i n par agr aph 193 appl i es when i t appear s t he per i od wi l lbe gr eat er t han 14 mont hs .

( 2)

Hul k powder f r om l ot s i n whi ch 10 per cent or mor e of t hel ot was f ound def ect i ve wi l l 1>e r ei nspect ed at 6- mont h i nt er val s .Each box wi l l be opci t ed . I f t he powder smel l s of ni t r ous f umes,or i f t he N/ 10 met hyl - vi ol et paper has t ur ned whi t e, t hat box wi l li mmedi at el y be segr egat ed and subsequent l y di 3posad of . Bul kpowder segr egat ed wi l l be r epor t ed on Ammuni t i on Condi t i on Repor tas gr ade I l l f or di sposi t i on by t he Chi ef of Or dnance, I f nei t her oft he above def ect s ar e f ound, a new dat ed N/ 10 met hyl - vi ol et paperwi l l be pl aced i n t he box, and t he box r et ur ned t o st or age.

I f t heamount of def ect i ve powchr i n any one l ot equal s 10 per cent of t he

p a r s, 196- - 19a

TM 9- 1904Car e. N*r nd1i nA, ai u1 pr e. wr vat i on

l ot , t he bal ance of t he l ot wi l l be i nspect ed t her eaf t er at 6- mont hi nt er val s .

( 3)

For f ur t her i nf or mat i on, see WDSE 9- AMNI 7.

197. SEPARATE- LOA1) I I V4Y SI ULL.a. separ at e and unf i xed Shel l shoul d be i nspect ed t o see t hat

t hey ar e pi l ed i n t he i nar ut i er , and wi t h t he cl ear szwe, pr escr i bed i nchapt er 3: sect i on I I . Shel l shoul d be i nspect ed f or r ust ar cor r osi onand some of t he f uze hol e pl ugs shoul d be r er naved t o see t hat t het hr eads ar e not bur r ed or r ust y and t hat t he cavi t y i s cl ear . Fuzehol e pl ugs whi ch r equi r e excessi ve f or ce t o r emove Shoul d not ber emoved i n t he Magazi ne. When necessar y t o r emove such pl ugs,bar r i caded pr ot et "t i on shoul d be l i r avi ded_

Sands 4houl d be pr ot ect edagai nst dent s, cut s, Hzul pr essur e f r om upper l ayer s of shel l , shel lshoul d be exami ned t o seo t hat t hey ar e pr oper l y pai nt ed and mar kedas r equi r ed_ TNT or ar nat ol shel l shoul d be exami ned f or exudat e.Any exudat e f or med on shel l or t he f l oor shoul d be scr ubbed up wi t hhot wat er or r 4cet ane .

Exudi ng shel l shoul d be r epor t ed and hel d f ordi sposi t i on. Exudet e i s an oi l y br own l i qui d t hat oozes out ar oundt he t hr ead i t s t he nose of a shel l .

I t i s i nf l ammabl e and may car r ysmal l par t i cl es of TNT,

I f t he exudat i on i s sl i ght , t he ser vi ce Ci un-

r nand or depar t ment or dn8nce of f i cer may per mi t t he shel l t o be usedaf t er t he exudat e has been t hor oughl y cl eaned of f _

I f t he exudat i oni s excessi ve and dr i b on t he ot her shel l or t he f l oor , t he Shel l wi l l notbe used_

l k, When i t become:; necessar y t o r econdi t i on t he ext er i or sur -f aces of pr oj ect i l es, t hey shoul d f ast be t hor oughl y cl eaned. Met aldoes not st op r ust i ng unl ess al l si gns of r u4t ar e r emoved f r om t heSJHel l _ Li ght engi ne oi l shoul d be appl i ed and cl eaned of f wi t h dr y-cl eani ng sol vent af t er 2 or 3 weeks ; t hen pai nt , wi t h one coat ofpr i mer ant i one, or t wo i f necessar y, coat s of pai nt .

Pr ovi si on mustt i e made f or st 4noi f i zt i g l ot number s and ot her i dent i f yi ng mar ks onpr oj ect i l es and st or i ng t hemso t hat t he shel l may be r eadi l y i dent i f i edby l ot number ,

198.

R1) i t RS, The r equi r ement s f or t he i t i aspeet i on of f r agment a-t i on bor nbs ar p si mi l ar t o t hose f or f i xed ammunhi on, Gener al -pur pose bombs ar e i nspect ed t o see t hat t he r egul at i ons l ai d down f orst or age ar e st r i ct l y compl i ed wi t h.

Exami nat i on shoul d be made f orexudat e, r ust , and cor r osi on. Fi n assembl i es shoul d be pr ot ect ed .Fuze hol e pl ugs shoul d be r emoved f r omr epr esent at i ve sampl e t o seet hat t hr eads and cavi t i es ar e i n good condi t i on . Pai nt i ng and mar k-i ng shoul d be i n accor dance wi t h r egul at i ons. Exudi ng bombs ar ecl eaned t he same as exudi ng shel f ( par , 197 a) , but t her e ar e t sor est r i ct i ons as t o t hei r i ssue,

sea

TM 9- 1900

Pays, 199- 204Car e, Handhr X, and Pr eser vat i on

199. SURMARTNE MI NE EXPLOSI VES. Al l submar i ne mi t r eexpl osb. es, i ncl udi ng bul k TNT And hl ast i ng caps, shoul d he i n-spect ed annuaI l y The i nspect i on of TNT wi l l be made as r equi r edby par agr aph 196 and t he i nspect i on of ei oct r i c bl ast i ng caps as r e-qui r ed by par agi Nph 201: 1 .

I n addi t i on, r epr esent at i ve sampl es wi l l het est ed wi t h an appr oved- t ype el ect r i c bl ast i ng cap ci r cui t t est er .

Anyr l uost i onobl e bl ast i ng cal - A shoul d aI sn be t est ed wi t h t h( ! ci r cui t t est er .

240,

FUZES - AND SMALL I TEMS. Fuzes and ot her smal l l oaded.component s and 9mmuni t i on i t emf t shoul d be exami ned t o see t hatt hey ar e st or ed i n seal ed cont ai ner s and wel l pr ot ect ed agai nst moi s-t ur e. hs4r t l y f i l l ed out er cont ai ner s ar e exami ned t o X: ee t hat t heyhave 1) , - - en pr oper t y r oeal ed.

A check sI koul d be made t o see t hat t hecomponent s ar e sui t t i bl e f or uqa wi t h t he ammuni t i on on hand andt hat t he r equi r ed number i s avai l abl e,

Component s whi ch have beeni i i st or age mor e t han 7 year wi l l have a r epr esent at i ve out er cont ai ner( 31 each l ot opened mi d t he cont ent s exami ned f or r u4t , di scol or at i on,and cor r osi on . Sat i sf act or y i t t Xms: ar e r eseal ed by r esol der i ng con-t ai ner 9 or seal i ng kvi t h f r i ct i ov t ape and a coat of shel l ac, t<7ues-t i onahl c i t ems wi l l not be i ssued but wi l l be r epor t ed t o t he Chi efof Or dnance f or di sl x) , ,d1i or L .

2111 .

PYROTECI I NI C5.

Pyr ot echni cs sI LO, ul d be exami ned t o seet hat al l cont ai ner s ar e i n goad condi t i on, and t hat t hey ar e ef f ect i vel ycl o8ed so t hat t he cut i t et nt s cannot be easi l y r emoved or handl ed.

2.

CHFMI C: 1L AMMUNI TI ON. Chemi cal ammuni t i on shoul dbe i nspect ed t o see t hat i t i s st or ed So t hat any l eaky cont ai ner canbe r eadi l y r emoved ant i t hat f aci l i t i es f or handl i ng l eaky cont ai ner sar e avai l abl e. The ammuni t i on shoul d be exami ned mont hl y f orl eaks and ever y 6 mont hs f or r ust or cor r osi on. Boxes shoul d beexami ned t o see i f t her p. ar e any l nst r ut Xt i ons t her eon r equi r i ng t hedest r uot i on or use of t he cont ent s by a cer t ai n dat e. Cont ai ner swhi t a, devel op l eaks shoul d ho r epor t ed, t hr ough channel s, t o t heChi ef of Or dnance, Such r el kxr t s shoul d i ncl ude i nf or mat i on ay t ot ype. l ot , dat e di scoveMI , nat ur e of l eak, Hnd whet her appar ent l ycaused by def ect i ve mat er i al. or i mpr oper handl i ng, and di sposi t i onmade of cont ai ner or di sposi t i on r ecommended.

' ?11 : 3 .

I NERT COMPONENTS.

I ner t or empt y component s, of am-i nuni t i on shoul d be i naper t ed t o see t hat t 1Lcy ar e pr oper l y pr ot ect edagai nst r ust and cor r mXXi on, or i f t hey need a r enewal of a pr ot ect i vecoat i ng of pai nt or gr ease,

2104.

OUTDOORSTORAGE. Ammuni t i on st or ed out door s shoul dl i e f r equent l y i i r spect ed f ur si gns cXf det er i or at i on or l oose component s.

2es

Por s . 205- 207Car e, Har ul l i xt g, and Pr eser vat i on

TM 9- 1900

265, I t LNORT OF LN51"at VI CFAI i <LE AND DEFECTI VE Ahl -MuNI Tl O: N.

a.

When t he mat er i al i n t he hands of t r oops i s i nspect ed, i nqui r yshoul d be made as t o any ammuni t i on f ai l ur es exper i enced si nce t hedat e of t he l ast i nspect i on and whet her suel t i f ai l ur es have been r e-por t ed. I f no r epor t has been made t hr ough channel s t o t he Chi efof Or dnance, al l avai l abl e det ai l s of f ai l ur es wi l l be col l ect ed and sor epor t ed.

I F.

I f t he i nspect or f i nds def ect s i n ammuni t i on whi ch wi l l r equi r et he expen( l i t ur e of l abor or f unds t o cor r ect , he shoul d t ake car e t oexami ne a suf f i ci ent number of cont ai ner s or r ounds t o i nsur e ar epor t on aver age condi t i ons and not i sol at ed cases,

The exami nat i onof f i r e cont ai ner s, sel ect ed at r andom, shoul d he suf f i ci ent f or a r epor tt hat wi l l r ef l ect aver age condi t i ons.

' ?0G.

PUBLI CATI ONF11X.a.

A f i l e of per t i nent Techni cal Regul at i ons, Techni cal Manual s,Fi el d Manual s, WDS13' s, Or dnance Fi el d Ser vi ce Bul l et i ns, and Or d-nance Depar t ment Saf et y Bul l et i , t i s, t oget her wi t h a copy of t heOr dnanco Saf et y Manual , 0. 0. For mNo. 7274, wi l l be kept compl et eand up- t o- dat e. The ser vi ce command or depar t ment or dnance of -f i cer or hi s assi st ant Ahoul d det er mi ne. when i nspect i ng ammuni t i onat a post , camp, or st at i on, t hat such f i l es ar e avai l abl e and t hei rcont ei xt s t hor oughl y under st ood.

h. Addi t i onal i nf or mat i on r egar di ng i nspect i on and sur vei l l ancemay be f ound i n chapt er 5 .

207, DEFI NI TI ONS.

Sect i on VI I

RENOVATI ON

a,

Henoval i on denot es al l act i vi t i es . necessar y t o pl ace ammuni -t i on i n a ser vi ceabl e condi t i on, whi ch i nvol ve di sassembl y of t hei t em. Such di sasaci nbl y does not moan t hat whi ch i s i nvol ved i n .or di nar y oper at i on such as t he f uzi ng and unf uzi ng t hat may be per -f or med by a gun cr ew, but t hat whi ch i nvol ves t he openi ng of a j oi ntwhi ch or i gi nal l y was i nt ended t o be per manent , as shown by cr i mpi ng, st aki ng, or cement i ng.

' Renovat i on may be necesmr y t o r epl acee component whi ch has; become unser vi ceabl e or undesi r abl e becauseof det er i or at i on, damage, or change of desi gn.

Renovat i on of ammu-ni t i on i ncl udes such r econdi t i oni ng, sal vage, and dest r uct i on of un-usabl e eOMPonent s as may be r equi r ed.

TM 9- 1900

Pon. 207210Car e, Handl f ng, and Pr esi er vat l ot r

b.

Recondi t i oni ng denot es t hose mai nt enance and r epai r aCt i vi .t i es whi ch do not i nvol ve r epl acement of unser vi ceabl e component s.I t i ncl udes such oper at i ons as der u%I i ng, r epai nt i ng, r est enci l i ng, r epai rof cont ai ner , , , and super f i ci al r epai r as r emovi ng dent s I r on; car t r i dgecases and st r ai ght eni ng bor r xb f i ns, et c.

r .

Xl ai r i t xnance i s an ai i - i ncl usi ve- t er m i nvol vi ng s- econdi t i oni ngand r enavat i on as def i ned above. Mor e speci f i cal l y, mai nt enance i st he n%ai nt ai ni ng of st ocks of annnmi i t i on, ammuni t i on coi npot t ent s .Hnd expl osi ves i n ser vi ceabl e condi t i on f or i mmedi at e uae.

{ I . Sal vage i ncl udes opor at i ons necessar y t o di sassembl e or br eakcl own ammuni t i on and ammuni t i on component s i n or der l o r ecovart her ef r omal l mat er i al s and cor npcnment s whi ch ar e or may be ser vi ce-abl e or whi ch may have vf i l ue as scr ap.

208. DESTRUCTI ON OF UNFI T OR UNSALVAGE AMMUl t i i .TI C1N. Ar r l r al l ni t i on or i t s component s whi ch ar e unf i t f or sal vage orar e unsaf e t o handl e ar e di sposecl Of b5. such met hods of desr t r uct i onas det onzi t i on, bur ni ng. or dumpi ng at sea, as descr i bed i n chapt er 4.

2I Fd.

AUTI I { l l CI T1r - FOR HEVCI VATI I } N.a.

Ri novaf : on of ammuni t i on, ammuni t i on component s, end ex-pl osi ves wi l l be under t aken i n t he Zone of t he I nt er i or onl y uponr ecei pt of speci f i c aut hor i t y and i nst r uct i ons f r om t he Chi ef ofOr dnance.

h.

Tht . Chi ef of Ur duance i ssues or der s f or r enovat i on oper at i onsba" upon one of t l se f ol l owi ng :

1)

Sur vei l l ance r epor t s f r om An or dnance act i vi t y t o whi ch am.muni t i on i nspect or s Kr e assi gne( I , ei t her i n t he Uni t ed St at es or t heover seas depar t ment s.

( 2) Repor t s of f unct i oni ng or ot her t est s . ei t her sur vei l l ance,Accept ance, or speci al .

( 3)

Repor t s f r omt he Losi ng ser Ui ces us : eal l y or i gi nat i ng f r omor d-nance of f i cer s assi gned t o cl ass I , I t , or I I I i nst al l at i ons or wi t h com-mand or gani zat i ons .

( 4)

Repor t s of mal f unct i ons and acci dent s f r omt he usi ng ser v-i ces, submi t t ed i n aecor daI We wi t h AR 750- 14. whi ch may di scl ose adesi r si bl e engi neer i ng char ge,210.

SA1f 1; " f Y RE{ 1MREMEw' f I .a.

Renovat i on s1i mi l d be per f or med i n an i sol at ed ar ea or bui l d-i ng speci f i cal l y desi gnat ed f or t hat pur l ) use. The quant i t y of expl o-si ves pr esent shoul d be t he mi ni mum necessar y t o car r y out t heoper at i on,

These oper at i ons shoul d be car r i ed out i n conf ont t i t y wi t ht he quant i t y- di st ance r equi r ement s of chapt er 3, sect i oh I I , basedupon t he t ot al quant i t y at t he oper at i on . The number of per sons

241

Par %. 210- 111

TM 9- 190&Car e, Har dl f r 4, ar ed Pr awr vaf i on

per mi t t ed ot or near t he oper at i ons shoul d be i nept t o a mi ni mum.The ar ea or bui l di ngs shoul d be f r ee of l oose expl osi ves, wsst e paper ,and ot her combust i bl e mat er i al , Al l wor k wi l l be per f or med under t hedi r ect and compet ent super vi si on of exper i enced per sonnel .

1) .

Renovat i on oper at i ons ar e hazar dous and r equi r e a t hor oughknowl edge of t he act i vi t i es i nvol ved, t he hazar ds t o be guar dedagai nst , and t he pr ecaut i onar y met hods necessar y f or gr eat est pr ot ec-t i on t o per sonnel and pr oper t y . The equi pment used must be de-si gned wi t h t hi s i n mi nd and, i n many i nst ances, oper at i ons must beconduct ed i n wor kr ooms bar r i caded f or t he pr ot ect i on of per sonneland pr oper t y i n t he vi ci ni t y of t he hazar dous oper at i ons_

Bar r i cocl esmay be of t hr ee gener al t ypes ; r ei nf or ced concr et e, met al , or ear t h,or any accept abl e combi nat i on t her eof .

The hei ght and t hi ckness oft he bar r i cade ar e gover ned by t he r enovat i on r equi r ement s . Thedeci si on os t o t he number and t ype of oper at i ons t o be conduc' t er lbehi nd a bar r i cade shoul d be based on t he hazar ds. i nvol ved, and t hebar r i cade, equi pment , ; ant i t ool s t o be used shoul d be desi gnet 9 t omake t he best and most et l i ci ent use of t he pr ot ect i on af f or deX3 by t hei nst al l at i on .

21 l .

S. UETY REGLl 1 . ATI ONS FORMAI NTENANCE ANDSAL-VAGE OF E?LPLOSI Y' ES OR AMMUNI TI ON,

a.

Ammuni t i on or expl osi ves shal l not be r enovat ed or sal vagedwi t hi n a magazi ne wher e ot her ammuni t i on or expl osi ves ar e st or ed.These oper at i ons &hal l not be car r i ed on wi t hi n t he magazi ne ar eaunl ess t he si t e, empt y magazi ne, bui l di ngs . or car s i n whi ch t he wor ki s done ar e devot ed excl usi vel y t o such wor k, and ar e speci f i cal l yappr oved by t he Chi ef of Or dnance,

Such oper at i ons may be car r i edout i n an empt y magazi ne or i n t he open at i nt r apl ant quant i t y-di st ance r equi r ement s, but i n no case at l ess t han 100 f eet f r om t henear est l ocat i on of cxpl osi vee,

h.

The quant i t y of expl osi ves or ammuni t i on i nvol ved or pr esenti n any oper at i on at une t i me i n one l ocat i on shal l be l i mi t ed t o t hemi ni mun) quant i t y necessar y t o car r y out t he oper at i on, t hus ,

( 1)

Bl ack powder , 100 pounds,Separ ot e` l oadi ng pr opel l i ng char ges- 1 open cont ai ner , and

f our cl osed cont ai ner s.( 3) Hi gh expl osi ves ar e l i mi t ed t o one open cont ai ner of 100

pounds and f our cl osed cont ai ner s.( 4) Smokel ess powder l i mi t s shah be one open cont ai ner and

ni ne cl osed cont ai ner s.r .

Mwear dous oper at i on, such as t hose i nvol vi ng t he r emoval ofboost er s f r omshel l s, end t he di sassembl y of f uzes and gr enades . shal lbe bar r i caded t o r educe oper at i ng hazar ds .

Di sassembl y of amt nvni -1292

TM 9- 1900

Par s, 21 T- 212Car e, Har Tdl i ng, and Pr eaer vat i on

t i on and bur nbs and ot her si mi l ar di sasser nbI y oper at i ons shal l 1) , eper f or med behi nd an adequst x? bar r i cakl l e . Exampl es ar e ;

( 1)

Di sass&. i nbl y of l oaded boost er s, bur st er s . l oaded f uzes, l oadedpr i mer s, and bl ank ammuni t i on,

( 2)

Removal of buogt er y end f uze seat l i ner s f r oml oaded bombs,base pl ugs f r om l oaded pr oj ect i l es, and l oaded boost er s f r om l oadedshel l &

d-

Thf i f ol l owi ng and ver y si mi l ar di sassembl i ng oper at i ons maybe per f or med wi t hout a bar r i cade pr ovi ded t he aswmbl y has beenusual and t ho or di nar y cqui l ) r r l er l t , t ool q, and met hods used i n t hea: $ser nbl y ar e suf f i ci ent t o accompl i sh t he di sassembl y wi t hout t heappl i cat i on of undue f or ce.

Car e must be t aken t o ascer t ; An t hat t hesur f aces t o he separ at ed ar e not cor r ncl ca, cont ai n no h&r dened gl ueor ot her bi ndi ng aget i t s r and ct r e not seal ed wi t h met al l i c cal ki ng.

I fwi due f or ce i s necessar y, t hese oper at i ons must be accompl i shed be-hi nd a bar r i cade,

( 1) Removal of l oaded f uzes and f ar e wel l cups and i gni t i oncar t r i dges f r om l oaded shel l s, 60- i nnand 81- non pr i mer s . and di s-a+smbl y of pr oj ect i l es and car t r i dge cased i n f i xed ammuni t i on, andt he r emoval of set scr ews f r om l oaded pr oj ect i l es,

( 2) When st ake punch mar ks musk l ; e r emoved wi t h dr i l l i ngequi pment , t he equi pment must be pr ovi ded wi t h a posi t i ve sl op t opj vvent t he cont act of t he ( f r i l l wi t h t he f u2e or boost er par t s, or wi t ht he expl osi ves i n t he shel l or i t s conl ent s.

( 3) The r emoval of hand gr enade f uzes f r om l oaded gr enadesnYust be per f or at ed i mmedi at el y i n f r ont of a sui t abl e pr ot ect i ve t ankequi pped wi t h ar i ef f ect i ve baf f l e, i nt o whi ch t he gr enade can bedeposi t ed shoul d a pr emat ur e i gni t i on of t he t i r i ng medi umoccur ,

e,

When sol der i ng oper at i ons ar e per f or med upon met al cont ai n-er s, pr ecaut i ons shal l he t aken t o i nsur e t hat t hey cont ai n no l oosegr ai ns of powder or expl osi ves ( l ust ,

f .

Al l sal vage component s must he kept separ at e unt i l di sposedof hi accor dance wi t h Ar my Regul at i ons or di r ect i ons of t he Chi ef ofOr dnance.

212, 1Cl Xl l 1PhTh; V' I ' FOI t RARKI i : AI WS.u, Nor mal l y t he equi pment r equi r ed f or bar r i caded oper at i ons

consi st s of a sui t abl e bar r i cade, hol di ng devi ces, oper at i ng devi ce,means of f ol l owi ng t he oper At i on, and met hod of saf el y t r ansmi t t i ngpower r equi r ed f or t he oper at i on,

( 1 )

A sui t abl e bar r i cade i s one t hat wi l l af f or d t he necessar ypr ot ect i on t o per sonnel and pr oper t y_

The l ocat i on of t he bar r i cadeshoul d be such t hat i t wi l l equal or exceed t he mi ni mumsaf et y di s-

Par s. 212- 214

Car e, Handl i ng, at ul Fr emr vef i on

214.

PLANNI NGOPFRATI ONS.

294

7M 9- 1900

t ances r equi r ed by t he cl ass and quant i t y of expl osi ve i nvol ved, asshown i n par agr aph 172.

( 2) A sui t abl e hol di ng devi ce, l ocat ed t o t he r ear of t he bar r i -cade, may consi st of some f or m of a vi se or j i g on ei t her a f i xed oral l adj ust abl e base, pl aced i n such a manner as t o hol d t he i t em i na cent er ed posi t i on so as t o per mi t t he pr oper appl i cat i on of t he oper -at i ng devi ce.

( 3) A sui t abl e oper at i ng devi ce may be a wr ench or ot her t ooldesi gned t o f i t t he i t em f or t he wor k t o be per f or med.

( 4) A sui t abl e meann f or obser vat i on may be f ur ni shed by vmi r r or or ser i es of mi r r or s l ocat ed so as t o keep t he per sonnel at asaf e di st ance f r omt he oper at i on .

( 5) A sui t abl e met hod of t r ansmi t t i ng power t o t he oper at i ngdevi ce nor mal l y consi st n of a shaf t ext endi ng t hr ough t he bar r i cadeand shoul d have a posi t i ve st op on t he oper at i ng si de t o pr event i t sbei ng bl own f or war d t hr ough t he wal l . i n event of an expl osi on . Per -sonnel shoul d not be exposed i n a di r ect l i ne wi t h a shop whi chext ends t hr ough a bar r i cade.

213. T( 1<I LS AND WPPLI ES. Tool s and suppl i es f or ammuni .t i on r enovat i on ar e l i st ed i n ORD 10 SI NN- 500- CA and descr i bedi n TM9=1905, Ot her t ool s ki nd equi pment t hat have t o be desi gnedshoul d meet st r engt h r equi r ement s and guar d agai nst t he i nt r oduct i onof chemi cal , mechani cal , or el ect r i c hazar ds over and above t he nor -mal hazar d of t he ammuni t i on and expl osi ves i nvol ved. When ex .pogeci expl osi ves ar e i nvol ved, t he use of saf et y t ool s end equi pment ,whi ch enay be made of nonsper ki ng met al s, wood. or f i ber , i s r equi r ed.The use of cer t ai n t ypes of nonspar ki ng t ook must be j udi ci ous, how-ever , because cer t ai n t ypes of nonspar ki ng met al s may f or msensi t i vesal t compounds wi t h cer t ai n t ypes of expl osi ves; f or exampl e, t he useof any copper - begAng met al wi t h expl osi ves cont ai ni ng ni t r at es,

, y, I n pl anni ng nor mal oper at i ons, t he sequence of oper at i onsshoul d be consi der ed i n f oul separ at e phases ( not consi der i ng move-ment t o and f r omst or age) !

( 1)

Di sAssEmnLy GROUP.

Removi ng packi ng mat er i al s, and di s-assembl i ng ammuni t i on pr epar at or y t o r enovat i on,

( 2) REASSEMBLY GROUP. Al l pr epar at i on f ar and pr oper r eas-ser r r bl y of t he i t em.

( 3) FI NI SH GROup. Al l necessar y r econdi t i oni ng and r et ur ni ngof t he i t ems t o t hei r packages, wi t h necessar y package mar ki ng andr epai r .

( 4)

Dt spnsAL Gaovr =. Di sposi ng of al l unser vi ceabl e or unusabl ecomponent par t s, wast e expl osi ves, et c, t hat may accumul at e dur i ngr enovat i on oper at i ons.

TM 9- 1900

Par s . 215- 216

Car e, Har i df i r ng, ar t d Pr eser vaf i or :

Sect i on Vi l l

PRECAUTI ONS FOR PRACTI CE FI RI NG

215,

CFf 1Fl l AL.

Speci f i cat i ons, st andar ds, and l i mi t s of pr eci si onar e pr escr i bQd f or t he i nanuf ect ur e sr t i d pr epar at i on of ammuni t i on_I n spi t e of t hi s, i nher ent l i mi t at i ons exi st and mal f ui nct i ons of ammu-ni t i on may occur , The i mmedi at e pr obl em i s t o pr event t he occur -r ence of mal f unct i ons wher ever possi bl e, t o mi ni mi ze t he ef f ect whent hoy do occur , and t o aver t , t hr ough exper i ence, si mi l ar mal f unct i onsi n t he f ut ur e, The gener al saf et y pr ecaut i o" s r chapt er 3, sect i on 1,shoul d be obser ved wher ever appl i cabl e. The speci f i c r egul at i onsand pr ecaut i ons f or I l l e use of each t ype of ammuni t i on gi ven i nt hi s sect i on and i n chapt er 2 wi l l be obser ved.

". x. 16. GENERAL PRECAUTI ONS HEF01R1: F1RI NC.a. St at us of ammuni t i on l ut s. A check shoul d be made t o

det er mi ne t he st at us of t he l ot of ammuni t i on i nt ended f or i ssue,Ammuni t i on shoul d not be f i r ed i f t he l ot number i s not posi t i vel yknown. I f def ect s whi ch may af f eci t he saf et y and f unct i oni ng oft he ammuni t i on ar e f ound i n a l ot gr aded as svi t abl e f or f i r i ng, api ' CTnpt r epor t of t he cozt i dki ox, wi l l he submi t t ed t o t he ser vi cecommand or depar t ment or dnance of f i cer . Fi r i ng of t hat l ot ofammuni t i on wi l l be suspended pendi ng i nst r uct i ons f r om t he pr operor dnance of f i cer . I f mal f unct i oni ng occur s dur i ng f i r i ng, a pr omptr epor t on t he ammuni t i on l ot wi l l hemadeas pr escr i bed i n AR751} - 10.

1) ,

Al l er buns anal ARl l mt i i ut i ur nm.

Any al t er at i on of l oaded am-muni t i on except i n accor dance wi t h speci f i c i nst r uct i ons f r om t heChi ef of Or dnance i s hazar dous and t her ef or e pr ohi bi t t ! d, ser i ousand f at al acci dent s have r esul t ed f r cr n subst i t ut i on of pr opel l i ngchar ges, f uzes, pr i mer s, and pr oj ect i l es, aTl ( l f r cr n t he l ocal pr epar a.t i on and l oadi ng of PJACt i CE a1nmuni t i ot 3, i ncl udi ng gr enades, pyr o-t echI Yi cs, et c .

c .

Pl aci ng ammuni t i on.

ALL ammuni t i on at t he f i r i ng poi nt wi l lbe so pl aced as t o nt i i ni mi ze I N: possi bi l i t y of i gni t i on . expl osi on, ordet onat i on i n case of z4cci der i t at t he gun posi t i on. I t shoul d bei n a dr y pl ace xr 3f. I pr ot ect ed f r om t he di r ect r ays of t he sun byt ar paul i n or ot her cover i ng. Ther e shoul d be ampl e ci r cul at i on ofai r t hr ough and on al l si des of t he st ack Er r at i c r anges and dan-ger ousl y hi gh pr essur es may r esul t f r om over het at ed ammuni t i on.Whi t e- phosphor us shel l wi l l bu gt acked ( pr ef er abl y wi t h t he baseof t he pr oj ect i l e down, al t hough i f t he t emper at ur e i s not expect edt o exceed 105° F, t hi e pr ecaut i on i s not necessar y) i n a space cl ear edof al l combust i bl e mat er i al , away f r omper sonnel and ot her ar nmuni -hon . Al l component s i n t he f i el d shoul d he st or ed separ at el y andi n smal l amount s t o mi ni mi ze danger f r om acci dent al bur ni ng of

295

Par s . 21 6- 217

Car e, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vaf i anTM 9- 11900

powder or det onat i on of pt ' oj ect i l es . l ur es, And pr i mer s. Chemi calammuni t i on i s st osed away f r om ot her t ypes of ammuni t i on

, I ,

Saf et y zui ws . Dat a f or del i mi t i ng saf et y 2nnes f or r Angt . s i nt i r i ng smal l ar ms, ar t i l l er y weapons, wnd chemi cal - war t ar e weaponswi l l be f ound i n AR 750- 10-

e,

Smoki ng.

Smoki ng by anyone ] ] ai ( ( ( l i ng, or i n t he vi ci ni t y of ,expl osi ves or ammuni t i on i s pr ohi bi t ed.

f ,

Li ghl w. Use of any l i ght & ot her t han appr oved l ant er ns orf l ashl i ght s i n t he vi ci ni t y of expt wi i ves or ammuni t i on i s pr ohi bi t ed,

r .

l l and i nr ,

Car e shoul d he t aken not t o r l mp pr oj ect i l es,powder cont ai ner s, or f uze or pr i mer cont ai ner s. Pr aJecf i l ey shoul dpot he al l owed t o st r i ke f nget her . Al l saf et y pr ecaut i ons f or har t dl i ndammuni t i on gi ver ] i n Techni cal Manual s gr i d i r ) t hi s manual t i vi l l

be r i gi dl y obser ved_h . Mar ki ngs . Moi st ur e- r esi st ant seal s of packed ammuni t i on

shoul d not be br oken unt i l t he ammuni t i on i s r eady t o be used .Rounds shoul d not be wi t hdr awn f r om cont ai ner s unt i l t hey ar er eady t o be 6r ed unl ess t he ammuni t i on i s t o be 1ol l ( l el l di r ect l yi T31u t he cai sson_ Saf et y devi ces on f uzes wi l l be r emoved j ustWor e f i r i ng and at T1o Ot her t i me . Car nI ) Oncr nt s of r ounds pr epa, ' r; i lf or f i r i ng but not f i r ed wi l l he r et ur ned t o ( hei r or i gi nal condi t i onand packi ng& and appr opr i at el y mor l wd and r eseal er j , Such cam.por t ent s wi l l be used f i r st i n subsequent f i r i ngs i n or der t hat st ocksof opened packi ng may be kept at a mi ni mum,

i .

Ci vanl i m- i Rs .

The compl et e r ound or each component Shoul dhe i nspect ed by a member of t he gun cr aw f or bur s, dent s, gr avel ,di r t , gr ease. and ol der mat er i al s bef or e i oadi ng i nt o t he gun. A cl ot hshoul d be kept near by i nn «>i pi ng of f gr ease, di r t . ar i d f or i i gn 1nat t er .Ar l l Muni t i on must be cl ean And t r ee f r om dent s . whi ch wi l l i nt i : r f er owi t h gr ope<r seat i ng of t he r ound, l x" f r j r c! i t i s pl aced i n t he weapon,

317_

GENBRAI . 111cl ' , CAl " r l ON DURI NGANDAF°FEl t HI UNG.a.

1) cCr c ( X st ud 111al f l l nl ' t 1Ur 1i n. s .

AR 750- 10 pr ovi des t hat al lof f i cer s havi ng char ge of f i r i ng must make a r epor t t o t he l ocalor dnance of f i cer of aT3y or dnance mat er i el i ssued t o t } 1e t r oops wbi cbmal f unct i ons i n f i r i ng Or r ci veal s def oct s ei t her i n f i r i ng or i n st or age,i ncl udi ng such mal f unct i ons and dof ect y as r ar e not ed i n t ar get - pr act i cer epor t s. I t i s t he dut y of t he l ocal or dnance of f i cer t o i nvemi gat c.al I cases of MH11UTi ut i nni ng and def ect s obser ved by hi m or r epor t edt o hi ni , and t o r epor t ser i nus cases t c t he Chi ef of Or dnance t hr ought he ser vi ce command or dnar LC1' of f i cer , Whr never an acci dent occur swhi ch r esul t s i n i nj ur y t o per sonnel or dar mi ge t o mat er i el , t i l e l otof ar nr r l l l ni t i un wi l l be suspended Fr omuse and an i mmedi at e r epor twi l l be made di r ect l y t o t he Chi ef of Or dnance by t he or dnance

296

TM 9- 1900Car e, Hst Ol i ng, and ?' r eser vat i on

Par t . 117- 210

f ) f l i cer under whose super vi si on t he mat er i el i s mai nt ai ned or i ssued.One copy of t hi s r epor t wi l l be sent t o t he ser vi ce command Dr dnancaof f i cer _ Acci dent s of a ser i ous or pot ent i al l y ser i ous nat ur e r equi r e ar epor t by t he qui ckest means of communi cat i on avai l abl e . I nsof ares pr act i cabl e al l evi dence wi l l be pr eser ved and not be di st ur bedunt i l t he Ar r i val of an i nvest i gat i ng of f i cer .

b.

Pr t ) t ect i on of per sant i el . AR 750- 117 gi ves t he r egul at i onsand det ai l s f or pr ot ect i on of per sons i n t he vi ci ni t y of t he f i r i ng poi nt .Any i ndi vi duAl i n t he mi l i t ar y Qer vi ce who obser ves a condi t i onwhi ch makes f i r i ng obvi ousl y unsaf e wi l l i mmedi at el y command" CEASE FI RI NG- " 11 at a di st ance f r om t he uni t f i r i ng, he wi l lmake t he pr escr i bed si gnal t o hal t f i r i ng, When chemi cal ammuni .l i on ot her t han smoke i s f i r ed, al l per sons Wi l l be pr ovi ded wi t hgay masks_ Consul t AR 730- 10 f or r egul at i ons gover ni ng t he useof ser vi ce ammuni t i on f or t r ai ni ng pur poses,

c,

1' ' i r i Ti g t hr ough t r ees . When f i r i ng ammuni t i on f r oma maskof t r ees, a pr emat ur e bui vt may r esul t i f a f i r ed shel l or shr apnelst r i kes t he br anch of a t i ve. The st r i ki ng of even a t wi g by a shel lf i t t ed wi t h a t i me f use may der ange t he set t i ng or def or m t he t i mer i ng and cause a pr emat ur e bur st .

d.

DRdpi ,

Adud i s d di schar ged but unexpl oded bomb, pr oj ect i l e,car gr enade_,

I t may r esul t f r omdef ect s i n t he f uze, boost er . or char ge :f r om t he unscr ewi ng of f uzes i n f l i ght ; or f r om t he char act er of t hegr ound at t he poi nt of i mpact . Whenever a dud can be r eadi l yl ocat ed and exami ned wi t hout movi ng i t , an ef f or t shoul d be madet o det er mi ne t he cauf i e of t he f ai l ur e.

A dud i s a sour ce of dangermi d i f i mpr oper l y handl ed mAy expl ode and i nj ur e per sonnel . A com-par at i vel y sl i ght bl owor di st ur bance may cause i t t o expl ode.

Dudsshoul d he dest r oyed i n pl ace ( f or met hods of dest r oyi ng we chap-t er 4) .

'. ' 18. SAI ALL- ARAI S A3i h1umr r I ON.a.

I nspect i on.

Smal l - ar i zi s ammuni t i on wi l l be exami ned bef or ei ssue. The pr ocedur e f or exami nat i on and t he def ect s t o l ook f orar e descr i bed i n TM9- 1990. WDS13 9- AMM4 cont ai ns essent i ali nf oTmat l on coTwer ni ng t he gr adi ng of smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on andt he di spcAi t i on of f i r ed component s and unser vi ceabl e r ounds i naccor dance wi t h AR 775- 111, Lot s havi ng mor e t han 5 per cent ofdef ect i ve car t r i dges wi l l be subj ect ed t o 100- per cent ; i nspect i on, def ec-t i ve r ounds cul l ed out , t he ser vi ceabl e car t r i dges r epacked pr i or t oi ssue, and r epor t made t o t he Chi ef of Or dnance. Nor mal l y, smal l -ar ms ammuni t i on wi l l have no vi sual def ect s unl ess i t has been st or edf ai r a consi der abl e per i od ; ammuni t i on wi t h l ess t han 5 per centvi si bl y def ect i ve r oundss may be i ssued wi t hout 100- per cent i nspect i on.

I f 20 per cent or mor e ar e def ect i ve, t he l ot i s wi t hdr awn f r om- 78 1 27 0

0. 1s

297

Par . 219Car e, I f andl i ng, and Pr eser vat i on

TM9- 1900

ser vi ce and hel d f or di sposi t i on . The post or dnance of f i cer shoul dnee t hat t he t r oops ar e i nst r uct ed as t o t he ki nds of vi si bl e def ect swhi ch can be r eadi l y det ect ed and t he cor r ect manner i n whi ch t ocul l ammuni t i on. Par t i cul ar at t ent i on shoul d be pai d t o i nci pi entcr acks whi ch ar e not easi l y det ect ed unl ess t he t humb i s pr essedagai nst t he bul l et , t hus exposi ng t he cr ack i n t he car t r i dge case.Def ect i ve car t r i dges wi l l be consi der ed as gr ade 3 ammuni t i on,

l j ,

I dent i f i r at i on .

Si nce di f f er ent t ypes of smal l - ar ms ammuni -t i on ar e of si mi l ar appear ance, t he ki nd of ammuni t i on bei ng i ssuedwi l l be st r i ct l y checked f r om t he mar ki ngs on t he packi ng,

e .

Fi r i ng bi at t k ear t r ' i dpes-

St ank car t r i dges shoul d not be f i r edat a r epr esent at i ve enemy at di st ances t ens+ t han 20 yar ds ; as t hewad or paper cup may f ai l t o br eak up.

51 .

Mi sf i r es and l i angf i r e@,( 1)

For pr ocedur e i n t he event of an appar eot t ni sf i r e, see chap-t er 2, sect i on 1,

( 1! ) When a haogf i r e occur s, i n any l ot , i t s use shoul d be sus-pended and a r epor t wi l l be made as pr escr i bed i n AR 750- 1t 1 t ot he post or dnance of f i cer , gi vi ng t he number of t he l ot i nvol ved.The ammuni t i on l ot t hus af f ect ed wi l l be wi t hdr awn and r epl acedby ser vi ceabl e ammuni t i on.

c .

Ludgl - d bul l ew.

When a bul l et l odges i n t he bor e of a r i f l e,pi st ol , or machi ne gun, i t shoul d be r emoved by t he appl i cat i on ofpr essur e f r om t he muzzl e end of t he weapon,

To at t empt t o shoott he bul l et out wi t h anot her car t r i dge i s ext r emel y danger ous andt her ef or e pr ohi bi t ed.

f , Def ect i ve eouncl s. Dent ed car t r i dges, car t r i dges wi t h l oosebuhot s- or ot her wi se def ect i ve r ounds shoul d not be f i r ed.

g. Ni f i r ess i n bl ank Fi r i ng. Mi sf i r es i n whi ch t he pr i mer ex-pl odes but f ai l s t o i gni t e t he powder char ge have pr oved danger ousi n f i r i ng aut omat i c ar ms wi t h bl ank- f i r i ng at t achment s. Some of t hepowder i s bl own i nt o t he bor e and becomes l odged i n t he bl ank-f i r i ng at t achment s. A ser i es of such r ounds wi l l cause an accumul a-t i on of powder suf f i ci ent t o r esul t i n ser i ous damage when i gni t edby a nor mal car t r i dge. When mi sf i r es i n excess of 5 per cent occuri n f i r i ng bl ank car t r i dgee, t he f i r i ng of t hat l ot of ammuni t i ons wi l lbe suspended and r epor t ed t o t he Chi ef of Or dnance,

h, Ar mor - pi er ci ng ammuni t i on. The use of ar mor - pi er ci ngcar t r i dges i s pr ohi bi t ed i n demonst r at i ons i n whi ch t anks t ake par t ,When usi ng ar mor - pi er ci ng ammuni t i on, t he cor es of bul l et s whi chf ai l t o penet r at e wi l l r ebound. The r adi us of r ebound depends onsever al f act or s but may be est i mat ed as a maxi mum of 100 yar dsf or cal i ber . 30 and 200 yar ds f or cal i ber , 50 ar mor - pi er ci ngammuni t i on,

291

Car es, Handl i ng, and Pr eser vat i ur i

i .

Pr ot ect i on of ammuni t i on.

Af t er a cont ai ner of ar r nmuni t i oni s opened and car t r i dges i ssued, each man shoul d t ake car e of hi sown ammuni t i on. The pr i mer shoul d be pr ot ect ed f r om bl ows byshar p i nst r ument s, as such a bl ow mi ght expl ode t he car t r i dge.

j .

Use of ni l or gr eaNe.

The use of oi l or gr ease on car t r i dges i spr ohi bi t ed, These agent s cause i nj ur i ous abr asi ves t o col l ect i naut omat i c weapons and pr oduce excessi ve and hazar dous pr essur eson t he r i f l e bol t s when nonaut omat i c r i f l es ar e f i r ed. NOTE: Thi sr est r i ct i on i s »ot appl i cabl e t o 20- mr r r . ammuni t i on.

219. A11T1I I ERY AMMUNI TI ON.a.

Exami nat i on .

Bef or e f i r i ng, r epr eaent at i ve sampl es f r omeachl ot of ammuni t i on shoul d be exami ned f or vi si bl e def ect s such asexudat i on, cor r oded f uzes, l ooseness of pr oj ect i l es i n car t r i dge cases,damaged r ot at i ng bands, and excessi ve moi st ur e and dampness, et c.I f t hese def ect s ar e l i kel y t o cause di f f i cul t y when t he f uze i s setor t he r ound i y l oaded i nt o t he gun, or quest i on exi st s as t o t hesaf et y and f unct i oni ng of t he ammuni t i on, i t shoul d not be usedunt i l i t has been exami ned by t he ser vi ce command or dnance of f i ceror hi s assi st ant s . Car e shoul d be user ) i n condemni ng ammuni t i onf r om use, as shel l whi ch ar e exudi ng sl i ght l y can be made ser vi ce-abl e as pr escr i bed i n War Depar t ment Suppl y Bul l et i ns. Of t en,f uzes whi ch ar e onl y sl i ght l y cor r oded or di scol or ed ar e ser vi ceabl eand can be used,

b.

Facki ngs . I f t he ammuni t i on i s packed i n i ndi vi dual t i n orf i ber cont ai ner s, t he cont ai ner s shoul d be opened by means of t het ear st r i p pr ovi ded; t he r ound Rhoul d not be wi t hdr awn f r om t hecont ai ner unt i l i t i s t o be f i r ed unl ess t he ammuni t i on i s l oadeddi r ect l y i nt o t he cai sson .

Al l powder char ges except t he char ge t obe ser ved t o t he pi ece f or t he next succeedi ng r ound wi l l be keptl et t hei r cont ai ner s.

C, PI Rci ng of ammuni t i on. At t he f i r i ng, poi nt , ant muni t i oI iwhi ch i s not car r i ed i n cai ssons shoul d be l ocat ed t o t he l ef t of t hecai sson, and not di r ect l y t o t he r ear of t he gun. I t shoul d bepr ot ect ed f r om moi st ur e, dampness, and t he di r ect r ays of t he sunby a t ar paul i n so pl aced t hat ai r can ci r cul at e t hr ough t he pi l e .

d .

Pr opel l i ng char geo.( 1)

PREMATvi mmmTi oN. The powder char ge f or a r ound wi l lnot be br ought near t he br eech of t he gun unt i l t he pr ecedi ng r oundhas been f i l ed, t he powder chamber car ef ul l y sponged wi t h a wetsponge or cl ear ed of any passi bl e smol der i ng r emai ns by use of t hegas ej ect or s, and t he f ace of t he mushr oom head has been wi ped.

( 2)

FLAREBACK3. When t he br eechbl ock i s wi t hdr awn, t he gasesr emai ni ng i n t he bor e somet i mes pass t o t he r ear and i gni t e uponst r i ki ng t he ai r , r egar dl ess of t he di r ect i on of t he wi nd. Fl ames of

Poor . 218

Por . 219Car e, Hundl i ng: and Pr eser vat i on

TM 4- 1900

var yi ng l engt h and i nt ensi t y r esul t . Pr ecaut i ons must be t aken t opr event t he f l ame f r om r eachi ng a new pr opel l i ng char ge, as wel l ast o pr event ser i ous hur ns t o t he br eech det ai l .

( 3) i f 3LENDl NG. Pr opel l i ng char ges wi l l be f i r ed as r ecei vedBl endi ng wi l l not be r et or t ed t o except i n speci al cases wher e t henecessi t y t her ef or has been appr oved by t he Chi ef of Or dnance,who wi l l f ur ni sh t he necessar y i nSt r uct i ons .

( 4) ERRATI C AND EXCESSI VE PRESSURES. Er r at i c pr essur es orr anges may be due t o det er i or at i ng pr opel l i ng char ges, i mpr operi gni t i on of t he pr opel l i ng char ges, def ect i ve or l oose r ot at i ng bands,and, i n t he, case 4f separ at e- l oadi ng ammuni t i on, i mpr oper wr appi ngor l aci ng of t he char ge. Excessi ve pr essur es ar e l i kel y t o devel opi f t he di ami t t er of t he pr opel l i ng char ge i s al t er ed so as t o pr eventt he pr oj ect i on of t he Fl ame f r om t he i gi l i t er t o t he f r ont of t hel xow&r char ge. For f ur t her i nf or mat i on, see AR7SQ- 10, Al l powderl ot s gi vi ng exci as pr essur es shoul d be i mmedi at el y suspended f r omuse, pendi ng i nst r uct i on; f r omt he Chi ef of Or dnance.

( 5) MAXI MUM RANGES. The t er m " super char ge" i s pur posel yused i n r ef er r i ng t o t he pr opel l i ng char ge r equi r ed t o gi ve maxi mumr ange. I t cam%ot be t oo st r ongl y emphasi zed t hat t he ' nor mal char ge"shoul d be used al ways wi t hi n t he r anges obt ai nabl e, and t hat t heuse of super char ges must be avoi ded except wher e maxi mumr angesar e necessar y. J: f t hi s i s not compl i ed wi t h, excessi ve wear of t heguns wi l l r esul t .

Wi t h mul t i sect i vn pr opel l i ng char ges, t he compl et echar ge i s used when super char ge i s desi r ed; onl y t he base sect i onand such l ower zone 4scr emezl t s as may be r equi r ed ar e used i n t hel ower an( ) i nt er medi at e r anges . Wher e t he char ge i s of base andi noement t ype, onl y t he base char ge i s used when t he nor mal char gei s desi r ed,

( 6) I GNi TExS,

( a) When l oadi ng t he separ at e- l oadi ng pr opel l i ng char ge i nt ot he guh, be sur e t hat ar e i gni t er i s al ways on t he end of t he char get owar d t he br eech. The cl ot h used f or asnembl i ng i gni t er s i s d5nedr ed and i ndi cat es cl ear l y t he end whi ch shoul d be at t he r ear oft he chamber . The r ed dye al so i ndi cat es t hat t he i gni t er cont ai nsbl ack powder . Undyed i gni t er cl ot h has been used, however , f orsome pr opel l i ng char ges now i n t he ser vi ce, I n t hi s case t he i gni t erend can be i dent i f i ed by t he qui l t i ng used t o hol d t he bl ack powderi n posi t i on and by t he wor ds " I GNI TI NG POWDER" st enci l ed ont he i gni t er .

f i b)

Pr opel l i ng char ges shoul d met be pl aced i n t he gun wi t h t hei gni t er f ast ened t o t hem by saf et y Di ns . Bef or e f i r i ng, t he saf et ypi ns shoul d be r emoved and t he i gni t er } l ad at t ached t o t he char geby sewi ng" t he st i t chi ng bei ng caught i n ot l east t hr ee pl aces, 120degr ees apar t .

aoa

TM 9- 1900


( c)

I t i s t he pr act i ce t o pack one i gni t er i n each car t r i dge- st or agecase. Sur pl us i gni t er s r emai ni ng af t er f i r i ng shoul d be dest r oyedi n accor dance wi t h chapt er 4.

( 7) TAGS AND PROTECTOR CAPS. I gni t er - pr ot ect or caps anddat a t ags wi l l be r emoved f r om pr opel l i ng char ges bef or e l oadi ngi nt o t he gun.

e.

Di f f i cul t i es i n l oadi ng or ext r act i ng ammuni t i on.( 1)

Di f f i cul t i es i n l oadi ng or ext r act i ng ammuni t i on may be duet o dent ed or bul ged car t r i dge cases, or t o f or ei gn mat er i al i n t hechamber or bor e of t he gun. When t he car t r i dge case i s har d t oext r act , an i nspect i on of t he chamber shoul d be made t o det er mi newhet her t he chamber i s f oul ed, scor ed, or pi t t ed. I f i t i s f oul ed, i tcan be r eadi l y cl eaned; but i f i t i s pi t t ed or scor ed, a r epor t shoul dbe made t o ' t he post or dnance of f i cer .

The use of a t ool t o st r i ket he base of a car t r i dge case t o chamber r ounds i s pr ohi bi t ed. Per -sonnel shoul d be pr ot ect ed i n case a r ound i s par t i al l y chamber edand t he br eechbl ock i s compl et el y cl osed. I n a heat er chamber ,i gni t i on of t he pr opel l ent powder may occur .

( 2)

I f a pr oj ect i l e cannot be r eadi l y ext r act ed f r omt he gun or i fa pr oj ect i l e becomes separ at ed f r om t he car t r i dge case when t hebr eech i s opened, i t shoul d be f i r ed out , i f possi bl e, par t i cul ar l y i ft he car t r i dge case wi l l sl i p over t he base of t he pr oj ect i l e and wi l lchamber i n t he nor mal posi t i on . I £ t he car t r i dge case wi l l not sl i pover t he base of t he pr oj ect i l e, t he car t r i dge case shoul d be shor t enedt he necessar y mi ni mumamount , when t hi s i s done, a r educed char geshoul d be used ( appr oxi mat el y hal f of a nor mal char ge) because oft he r educed obt ur at i on, par t i cul ar car e bei ng t aken t hat t he poi ntof i mpact of t he pr oj ect i l e i s such as not t o endanger per sonnel orpr oper t y. I f t hi s i s not possi bl e, t he pr oj ect i l e shoul d be r emovedunder t he di r ect super vi si on of an of f i cer , usi ng a r ammer whi chbear s onl y on t he pr oj ect i l e and pr ovi des f or cl ear ance ar ound t hef uze.

( 3) I f a r ammer i s used, ext r eme car e shoul d be exer ci sed t opr event any f or ce f r ombei ng appl i ed agai nst t he f uze. The Edwar dsr ammer , desi gnat ed as RAMMER, unl oadi ng, M1, i s pr ovi ded f ort hi s pur pose f or use wi t h 75- mmpoi nt - f uzed pr oj ect i l es ( f i g . 163) .

( 4)

The r emoval of t he pr oj ect i l e, whet her by f i r i ng out or byr ammi ng, shoul d be done under t he di r ect super vi si on of an of f i cer .

f . Mi sf i r es. When a mi sf i r e occur s, t he f ol l owi ng pr ecaut i onswi l l be obser ved:

( 1)

FI XED OR SEMI FI XED AMMUNI TI ON. Two at t empt s wi l l bemade t o f i r e, except i n t he case of guns whi ch cannot be r ecockedwi t hout openi ng t he br eech. Upon f ai l ur e t o f i r e f or 30 seconds,t he mi sf i r ed r ound wi l l be r emoved. I f i t i s not possi bl e t o r emove

301

Far . 219

f

FN

Car e, Handl i ng, ar i d Pr e&er vAHon

302

,Fm9- 1904

4oe

C5

O

t

EE

av.

TM 9- 1900

Par . 219Car e, Handl i ng, and Fr e$er vat i on

t he r ound f r om a hot t uhe wi t hi n 45 seconds af t er t he or i gi nalmi sf i r e, wat er shoul d be pl ayed on t he bar r el unt i l i t i s cool , Thesaf est t i me t o r emove a mi sf i r ed r ound of f i xed ammuni t i on i sbet ween 30 and 45 seconds af t er i t s occur r ence,

( ' 2)

SEPARATE- LDAPI NG AMMUNI TI ON.

( d)

Two at t empt s wi l l be made t o f i r e t he pr i mer bef or e i t maybe r emoved.

I f t he pr i mer i s hear d t o f i r e, a mi ni mum of 60 secondswi l l be al l owed bef or e t he br eech may be opened a7nd t he f aul t ychar ge r emoved.

The f aul t y char ge must be st or ed separ at el y f r omot beT char ges.

( b) , 1f t he pr i mer i s not hear d t o f i r e, t wo mor e at t empt s t of i r e wi l l be made. Then pr oceed as f ol l ows :

1 .

I f t he pr i mer can be r emoved by a per son st andi ng cl ear oft he pat h of r ecoi l , af t er 2 mi nut es have el apsed, t he pr i mer maybe r emoved and a new one i nser t ed, I f t he second pr i mer f ai l s, 14mi nut es shoul d be al l owed t o pass and t hen t he br eech may beupi ned.

y1 .

I f t he pr i mer cannot be r emoved saf el y as descr i bed above, noht t empt wi l l be made t o open t he br eech or r epl ace t he pr i mer f or 10mi nut es.

( c) Mi sf i r e pr i mer s shoul d be handl ed car ef ul l y and di Rposedof qui ckl y, owi ng t o t he chance o£ a pr i mer hangf i r e. Fur t her i nf or -mat i on wi l l he f ound i n AR750- 10 and t he Techni cal Manual s andFi el d Manual s per t ai ni ng t o t he pi ece.

FU7. UPX.

( 1) Ext r eme car e must ba t aken i n handl i ng and assembl i ngf uzes t o $hel l or bombs. Al l l azes must be t r eat ed as del i cat e mecha-r d3r r w, _The f or ces whi ch ar m a f uze on f i r i ng a w" pon can be si mu-l at ed r by r ol l i ng or dr oppi ng, and a f uze so ar med may be f unct i onedby t he i mpact of a bl ow or by dr oppi ng.

( 2) I n t he assembl y of f uzes and pr oj ect i l es, t he f uze body,t hr eads, adapt er , a, nd f uze cavi t y must be i nspect ed 0 i nsur e t hatgr i t , gr ease, or ot her f or ei gn mat er i al i s not pr esent , Thi s i s necessar yf or pr oper seat i ng of t he f uze wi t hout t he use of excessi ve f or ce,Meani ng of t he f uze cavi t y shoul d be accompl i shed wi t h a pi ece ofr l ot h and a smal l st i ck whi ch can be i nser t ed i nt o t he cavi t y,

Fuze-hol e l i f t i ng pl ugs shoul d not be r emoved except f or i nspect i on orwhen t he f uze i s about t o be i nser t ed.

( 3)

When ammuni t i on or pr oj ect i l es ar e i ssued f uzed, no at t emptwi l l he made t o r emove t he f uzes wi t hout speci f i c aut hor i t y andi nst r uct i ons f r om t he Chi ef of Or dnance,

( 4)

Fuzes wi l l not be al t er ed,

Any at t empt t o al t er or di sas-sembl e f uzes i n t he f i el d i s danger ous and i s pr ohi bi t ed except underspeci f i c di r ect i on of t he Chi ef of Or dnance. The onl y aut hor i zedassembl i ng or di sassembl y oper at i ons ar e scr ewi ng t he f uze i nt o t he

303

Par s. 214- 221

TM 4- T900Car e, Hsndl i ng, and Pr ewr vat l on

pr oj ect i l e i f t he r ound vr as not i sgued f uzed, or unscr ewi ng t he f uzef r om t he pr oj ect i l e i f r ) ot f i r ed

( 5) 1~ver y pr ecaut i on shoul d be t aken t o keep moi st ar e awayf r om ponvder - t r ai n t i me f uses_

( t i ) Ti me f uses ar e al ways i ssued set " sor e, " and i f not usedaf t er maki ng a set t i ng, t hey shoul d be r eset t o saf e bef or e st or i ng,

( 7) When r eady t o be l oaded i nt o t he gun, each r ound whi chcont ai ns a t i me f uze or poi nt - det onat i ng f uze shoul d be kept outof t he pat h of r ecoi l unt i l r ecoi l of t he pr evi ous r ound has t akenpace; t hi s pr act i ce wi l l pr event a heavy bl ow on t he f uze, I ff uzed r ounds ar e acci dent al l y st r uck i n t hi s. manner , t hey wi l l not bef i r ed under any ci r cumst ances but wi l l be i mmedi at el y pl aced i n asegr egaECA l ocat i OT3 and r epor t ed t o t he post or dnance of f i cer f orexami nat i un and necessar y act i on.

( $)

When cheoki si g t he accur acy of f uze set t i ng by cut t i ng t r i alf uzes, no f u2e shoul d 1x- cut mor e t han t wi ce.

220. HI ANl f t AA1Ml 1VI TI ON.u. Onl y bl ank ammuni t i on f ur ni shed by t he Or dnance Depar t -

ment wi l l be used. Bl ank ar n, nuni t i on i s i ssued t o t he usi ng ser vi cesi n campl et r t : r ounds onl y . Smoke- puf f char ges or bl ank ammuni t i onwi l l nut be i mpr ovi Lwd when t hey ar e not pr ovi ded.

b, I f kept i nt act . handl ed wi t h car e, and vr ut ect ed f r om heat *t he compl ei i : r ound of bl ank ammuni t i on i s compar at i vel y saf e. Thef ol l owi ng pr ecaut i ons, however , shoul d he obser ved ,

( 1) Under no ci r cur nut ances wi l l r ounds of bl ank ammuni t i onbe t amper ed wi t h i n t he f i el d .

( 2) Bl ank ammuni t i on shoul d not be r emoved f r om t he f i bercont ai ner sooner t han i s necessar y bef or e f i r i ng. Remai ni ng r oundsshoul d be kept away f r om t he gun,

( 3) I dent i f i cat i on of t he ammuni t i on bef or e f i r i ng must beposi t i ve. and no at l emot shoul d be mach: t o use i t i n a gun ot hert han t hat f or whi ch i t i s i nt ended.

( 4)

Any r ound i n whi ch t he chi pboar d ci vsi ng cup i s not f i r ml yi n pl ace shoul d not be f i r ed and shoul d be handl ed wi t h car e unt i ldi %poser ! of as di r ect ed i n chapt er 4.

221 .

PYROTECHNI CS, CRNAADE5. AND CEEMI CAL AM14I U-NI TI ON.

a . Pyr ot echni cs and gr enades shoul d be l ocat ed some di st anceei t her t o t he Hi ght or l ef t of t he f i r i ng poi nt s, never di r ect l y bk' hi nd.Pr ot ect i ve measur es agai nst gr ass f i r es shoul d be pr ovi ded, and ex-t r eme car e shoul d be t aken t o pr event a gr t Yl sde or pi ece of bur ni ngpyr ot echni c mat er i al f r om dr oppi ng i nt o boxes of ammuni t i on.

304

TM 9- 1900

Far s . 221- 223Car e, , F, f andhng. and Pr eser vat i on

Pyr ot echni cs whi ch have br an unseal ed shoul d be di sposed of aspi uvi ded i n OFSB 3- 9,

h.

I n nr der t o pr event acci dent s f r om t he use of l et hal or t oxi cc' . hemi cal j Ar nmuni t i on, no l i ar. ( : her ni cal ammuni t i on ot her t han non-t oxi c smoke and nont oxi c l aChr ymat or y gas wi l l be f used f or t r ai ni ngpur poses, i ncl udi ng t ar get pr act i ce, demonst r at i ons, and t act i cal exer -ci ses, except undt r t he per sonal and di r c, ct super vi si on of a commi s-si oned ct ?i cer of t he Chemi cal War f ar e Ser vi ce. Thi s l i mi t at i on doesnot appl y t o t he use of i nst r uct i onal gas i dent i f i cat i on set s or det ona-t i on gas i dent i f i cat i on set s, Smoke- pr oduci ng mat er i al s wi l l not her el eased i n t r ai ni ng V; i t hi n 300 yar ds of per sonnel , l i vest ock, bui l di ngs,equi pment , car ot her obj ect s whi ch may be damaged. Equi pmentcont ai ni nat t d wi t h cor r osi ve aci ds pr oduced by l i qui d smokes wi l lbe washed wi t h wat er as sor es as possi bl e except when ot her met hodsof pr ot ect i on or cl eani ng ar e pr escr i bed i n t he appr opr i at e Techni calManual s .

e . Bur ni ng- t ype gr enades, smoke pot s, and t wo- compar t mentcandl es uhoul d be st or ed i n a cool , dr y pl ace, They , y1) uul d not bei gni t ed wi t hi n 5 f eet of dr y gr ass or ot her i nf l ammabl e mat er i al s .Bur ni ng- t ype gr enades wi l l not be f i r ed cl oser t han 20 f eet f 1Vmper sonnel , becauhe gr enades occasi onal l y f l ash. When f i r i ng si nokepot s, car e shoul d be t aken not t o have t he f ace di r ect l y above t hesmoke pot ,

, 1, kl nf uzed gr enades wi l l not be f uzed i n ammuni t i on dumpsor st or age magazi nes : car i n gr eat er quant i t i es t han ar e neoded f ori mmedi at e we,

222, 13OAMA. Al t i t udes and di st ances saf e f r om f r agr nent at i ot tar 3cl bl ast ef f ect wi l l be speci f i ed by t he Commandi ng Gener al , Ar myAi r For ces ( pay" , 21, AR 750- 10, 22 Januar y 1944) , Saf et y pr e-caut i ons and met hods of unf u2i ng, di sassembl y, and handl i ng bomhf iar e cont ai ner s i n TM9- 19811, Al l l i ve bombs wi l l be car r i ed saf eand wi l l not be ar med unt i l r el eased,

223.

T110RTAI t AMAI UPi 2T>I Cf n . The same saf et y pr ecaut i ons wi l lbe obser ved i n t he f i el d i n t he Handl i ng and use of mor t ar ammuni -t i on as appl y t o ar t i l l er y shel l ( par . 219) _ Fur t her i nf or mat i on wi l l .be f ound i n FM23- 85 and FM23- 90.

305

Par . 220

TM9- 1900

CHAPTER d

DESTRUCTI ON OF AMMUNI TI ON I N ZONEOF THE I NTERI OR

224. GENERAL.a. Gener al .{ 1)

The i nst r uct i ons set f or t h i n t hi s sect i on ar e f or dest r oyi ngl i mi t ed quant i t i es of expl osi ves and ammuni t i on.

The t er m" l i mi t ed"i s def i ned i n subpar agr aph d, bel ow. When l ar ger quant i t i es ar e t obe dest r oyed or t he i nst r uct i ons set f or t h cannot be compl i ed wi t h,speci al i nst r uct i ons wi l l I x f ur ni shed by t he Chi ef of Or dnance.

( 2)

Unser vi ceabl e ammuni t i on, ammuni t i on component v, and ex-pl osi ves whi ch const i t ut e a hazar d, cannot be sa- vaged, or ar e unf i tf or t hei r i nt ended pur pose and cannot be used t o advant age f or anyot her pur pose shoul d be d" t r oyed i n accor dance wi t h exi st i ng r egul at i ons.

As a gener al r ul e at Cl ass 1, 11, or I I I i r i st al l at i on, t he onl yammuni t i on i t ems r equi r i ng dest r uct i on ar e obsol et e or det er i or at edanununi t i on ( Kr hi ch r i i ay be consi der ed t oget her ) and duds,

( 3) Lumber whi ch has been exposed t o expl osi ves and whi chcannot be r eadi l y decont ami nat ed shoul d be dest r oyed by bur ni ngonl y under condi t i ons appr oved f or saf et y. Exampl es of such l umberar e wooden sect i ons of t anks, vat s, hoods, pi pe l i nes, et c . , i n whi chhazar dous mat er i al i s i mpr egnat ed.

However , i f wood has been ex-posed t o expl osi ve mat er i el t o a l i mi t ed ext ent , i t map be possi bl e t odecont ami nat e i t compl et el y by washi ng or st eami ng.

h.

ReKponai hi l i l y and l r r ocr dur e.

Pr i or t o dest r uct i on, an Am-muni t i on Condi t i on Depor t . ( O. p_ For m 517- - f or mer l y O. G. 7235)wi l l be submi t t ed t o t he Chi ef of Or dnance i n or der t hat t he di sposi -t i on may be appr oved. Thi s r epor t wi l l be pr epar ed i n accor dancewi t h i nst r uct i ons on t he r ever se si de of t he f or m. An except i on i sdet er i or at ed expl osi ves or Ammuni t i on whi ch i s f ound t o be i mmedi -at el y danger ous t o l i f e or pr oper t y ; i n such i nst ances, di sposi t i on maybe made by or der of t he l ocal commandi ng of f i cer . The r espon-si bi l i t y f or di sposi t i on i s a f unct i on of t he i nspect or : t he r esponsi bi l i t yf or dest r uct i on i s t i f unct i on of t he post or dnance of f i cer . Wher el ocal br eak- down of unser vi ceabl e ammuni t i on i s or der ed, t echni cali nst r uct i ons f or t he wor k wi l l be f ur ni shed by t he Chi ef of Or dnance.

r. .

Met hods . Dest r uct i on of expl osi ve mat er i al wi l l he accom-pl i shed by bur ni ng, expl odi ng, or dumpi ng at sea, as speci f i ed bel ow,Bur yi ng of expl osi ves or ammuni t i on or dumpi ng t hem i nt o wast epl aces, pi t s, wel l s, mar shes, shal l ow st r eams, or i nl and wat er ways i sabsol ur el y pr ohi bi t ed; except t hat l oose bl ack powder ( par . 227)may be di sposed of by dumpi ng i nt o a st r eam or body of wat er .Met hods f or dest r uct i on ar e gener al l y based on t he number of uni t st o be dest r oyed, t he si ze and nat ur e of each uni t . t he f aci l i t i es avai l -abl e, and t he t opogr aphy of t he l and.

aoa

TM 9- 1900

Par $. 214- 225

Dest r ucf i nr n of Ammur dt i on i n Zono of t he i nt er i or

d. { Quant i t y of ammuni t i on and expl o$i ves . By a ` l i mi t ed"quvnt i t y of ammuni t i on and expl osi ves, t hi s sect i on r ef er s t o t henumber of unexpl oded &hel l and ot her ammuni t i on nor mal l y f oundon a t ar get r ange or i n t he f i el d as an accumul at i on f r om f i r i ngs orot her peacet i me maneuver s_ Lar ger quant i t i es, gener al l y r ef er r i ng t oammuni t i on r esul t i ng f r om det er i or at i on i n st or age or f r om obsol es-cence, ar e t o be dest r oyed accor di ng t o speci f i c i nst r uct i ons f r omt heChi ef of Or dnance,

e. Mat er i at s ut . Xl i n dest r oyi ng by expl osi on. Char ges of- pound bl ocks of TNT or st i cks of dynar t ut e ar e used.

These ar eset of f ei t her by t i me f use ( saf et y f use) and a bl ast i ng cap, or by amagnet o and an el ect r i c bl ast i ng cap.

I n no case wi l l " i nst ant aneous"f use be used.

For demol i t i on pur poses r 3i t r ost ar ch bl ocks have beenaut hor i zed as a subst i t ut e f or TNT bl ocks . Ni t r ost ar ch i s a har ddense subst ance consi der abl y mor e sensi t i ve t o f r i ct i on and i mpactt han TNT. The cr ushi ng ar br eaki ng of t he vi f r ost ar ch Wocl r s i shazar dous.

Dynami t e i s not t o he used i n t he dest r uct i on of duds .f .

Mat er i al s uNt t i l i n dest r oyi ng by f i r e. Fi r es used i n dest r oyi ngsmal l ammuni t i on component s may be made f r om scr ap l umber ,wood, or such mat er i al et c excel si or . When component s t o be de-st r oyed ar e l ai d on t he pi l e bef or e l i ght i ng, t he f i r e wi l l be l i t f r oma di st ance by mesas of a t r ai n of i nf l ammabl e mat er i al or by a char geof bl ack po%vder i gni t ed wi t h an el ect r i c squi b,

g.

Speci f i c t ypes .

I nf or mat i on deal i ng wi t h t he par t i cul ar t ypet o be dest r oyed wi l l be f ound i n t he par agr aphs f ol t owi ng,

h .

DE' - nl ol i t i on met hods . For det ai l s of met hods and pr ocedur eof demol i t i on wor k, consul t F

5- 25.

225. CLUMPI NG AT yEA,

a. When bur ni ng or det onat i on of expl osi ves or ammuni t i on i si mpr act i cal , dumpi ng at sea at dept hs not l ess t han 900 f eet and notl ess t han 10 mi l esf r omshor e i s per mi t t ed. Bef or e di sposal , by dump-i ng i n t he sea, of any ATYI muni t i on, ever y ef f or t wi l l be mer l e t osal vage i t f or f ur t her use or r ecl amat i on of compoae0 par t s.

Dump-i ng i n t he sea wi l l . i n ever y i nst ance, 1] e done onl y upon War Depar t .ment or der .

h. Navy, Coast Guar d, and por t aut hor i t i es must be consul t edand t hei r r egul at i ons r egar di ng t r ansf er and di sposal of mat er i al oft hi s nat ur e must he obser ved, Ammuni t i o, t i t ems must be r emovedf r om cont ai ner s bef or e bei ng dumped Over boar d. The l ocat i on se-l ect ed f or dumpi ng shoul d be appr eci abl y deeper t han sur r oundi ngl ocat i ons t o pr ecl ude t he possi bi l i t y of ammuni t i on bei ng washedt owar d t he shar e by t i dal act i on.

307

Par s, 225- 226

TM9- 1900Dest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zone of t he I nt er i or

c .

1n t r ansi t , t he boat or bar ge wi l l di spl ay a l ar ge r ed f l ag atl east 10 f eet 2bove t he deck and a compet ent per son wi l l be con-st ant l y on t he al er t t o war n appr oachi ng cr af t of danger . Wl t ar snecessar y, a War Depar t ment r epr esent at i ve . who i s f ami l i ar wi t h t hehazar ds i nvol ved i n handl i ng ammuni t i on, wi l l accompany cor t t t ner -ci al vessel s cont r act ed t o dump such mat er i al i n t he capaci t y of asaf et y advi ser .

2261. SAFETY PRECAh' FI ONS,a. Cener aL Saf et y i s t he maj or consi der at i on i n dest r oyi ng

ammuni t i on and expl osi ves . I t i s hi ghl y advi sabl e t o t est al l saf et ydevi ces bef or ehand by subj ect i ng t hem t o t he sever est t est t hey maybe cal l ed upon t o wi t hst and, pr ovi ded t hat such t est i s r easunabl e andpr act i cabl e. Onl y af t er saf et y r equi r ement s have been met shoul dsal vage and economy be consi der ed, I t may be necessar y t o i m-pr ovi se appar at us t o accompl i sh t he desi r ed r esul t s, and i t i s essent i alt hat t he dest r i t ct i osx pr ocedur e be anal yzed and pl anned i n det ai l f orcompl i ance wi t h t he gener al saf et y pr ecaut i ons i n chapt er 3, sec-t i on 1 . The gener al saf et y pr ecaut i ons t hat must al ways be compl i edwi t h i n dest r oyi ng ammuni t i on ar e descr i bed bel ow.

h.

Sel ect i on of Si t e.

( 1) FORDESTRUCTI ON BY BURNI NG. The sel ect i on of a si t e f ordest r uct i on of expl osi ves by bur ni ng shoul d be based on t he pr i nci pl eof obt ai ni ng t he maxi mumpr act i cabl e di st ance f r om al l magazi nes,i nhabi t ed bui l di ngr 4 oper at i ng bui l di ngs, publ i c hi ghways, and r ai l -ways . Consi der at i on shoul d be gi ven t o t he di r ect i on of pr evai l i ngwi nds . Wher ever possi bl e, nat ur al bar r i cades shoul d be ut i l i zed be-t ween t he bur ni ng si t e and oper at i ng bui l di ngs and magazi nes. Thebur st i ng si t e shoul d be appr oxi mat el y i nhabi t ed- bui l di ng di st ancesf r omal l st r uct ur es a. nd publ i c t hor oughf ar es.

( 2)

FOR DESTRUCTI ON BY ] DETONATI ON. The Se1eCt i Ol l Of a si t ef or dest r uct i on of ammuni t i on by det onat i on i s based on t he samepr i nci pl es as i n st ep ( 1) , above. Such a si t e shoul d be 3, 600 f eetf r ompubl i c hi ghways, publ i c r ai l ways, i nhabi t ed bui l di ngs, magazi nes,and oper at i ng bui l di ngs.

Wher e t hi s di st ance cannot be obt ai ned, api t or t r ench r houl d be used t o l i mi t t he r ange of mi ssi l es.

The 3, 600-f oot l i mi t at i on does not appl y wher e subst ant i al l y const r uct ed de-st r uct i on chamber s ar e used. Pi t s wi l l not be r equi r ed when t hedest r uct i on t akes pl ace on an ar t i l l er y r ange or si mi l ar si t e wher e acover of ear t h 2 f eet t hi ck shoul d be used t o l i mi t t he r ange of f r ag-ment s . Combust i bl e r ubbi sh shoul d be dest r oyed at a l ocat i on r emovedf r om t hose pl aces wher e expl osi ves and expl osi ve- cont ami nat ed ma-t er i al ar e dest r oyed. Wher e l i mi t ed space does not per mi t separ at ebur ni ng gr ounds. a par t of t he expl osi ve dest r uct i on may be r eser vedf or bur ni ng r ubbi sh, pr ovi ded t he t wo ar eas ar e not oper at ed si mol -

TM9- 1900

Par . 226Desf r uct i on of At nmvnf i on i n Zone of gl ee I nf er i or

t aneousl y. Such an ar ea shoul d be encl osed by a subst ant i al wi r emesh, not over ' / a- i nch mesh.

C. Mai nt enance of gr ot andes . Al l dr y gr ass, l eaves, and ot heri nf l ammabl e mat er i al s wi t hi n a r adi us of 200 f eet f r om t he poi nt ofdest r uct i on wi l l be r emoved. Fi r e- l i ght i ng f aci l i t i es f or combat i nggr ass f i r es shoul d be kept r ec+di l y avai l abl e and, i f pr act i cabl e, t hegr ound at t he poi nt of dest r uct i on shoul d be wet down wi t h wat erat t he cl ose of each day' s oper at i ons. The use of concr et e mat s f orbur ni ng or det onat i on i s not per mi t t ed.

cl .

Pr ot ect i on f or hr r aonnel .

Per sonnel engaged i n demol i t i onwor k shoul d al ways have ampl e t i me t o r each shel t et af f or di ng subst ant i al over head cover and spl i nt er - pr oof 1) r ot uct i ur i .

The si gnal f ordet onat i on shoul d be gi ven by t he i ndi vi dual set t i ng t he bl ast i ngs,and onl y af t er al l per sonnel i n t he vi ci ni t y ar e pr ot ect ed by subst an-t i al cover or have r eached a saf e di st ance. I f an el ect r i c bl ast i ngmachi ne i s used. t he wi r es wi l l not be connect ed t o t he t er mi nal sunt i l al l per sons have r eached cover mi d t he per son i n char ge of t hebl ast i ng i s assur ed t hat t he ar ea i s pr oper l y cl ear ed of al l per sonnel _Dependent upon l ocal condi t i ons, t empor ar y or per manent bar r i cadeswi l l be pr ovi ded end saf et y di st ances wi l l be obser ved by al l per sons,

e. Saf el y di M" i mr c r equi r ement s f or pr epar at i on of pr i mer Mmai l , l emul i t i un char geLL. I t i s ext r emel y i mpor t ant t hat per sonnelt ake adequat e pr ecaut i ons t o pr event acci dent al expl osi ons whi l epr epar i ng pr i mer s f or demol i t i on act i vi t i es . I n addi t i on t o t he gen-er al . saf et y pr ecaut i ons cur r ent l y i n f or ce, t he f ol l awi ng saf et y r ul esf or t he pr epar at i on of pr i mer s and demol i t i on char geXz wi l l be 3f r r ct l yobser ved.

( 1)

Test - bur ni ng of t i me f use ( saf et y f use) , f or det er mi nat i on ofr at e of bur ni ng of t he r ol l , wi l l be dome at a mi ni mumsaf et y di s-t ance o£ 25 f eet f r om exposed bl ast i ng caps or expl osi ves i n t hedi r ect i on t owar d whi ch t he ai r cur r ent i s movi ng.

( 2)

Cut t i ng squar e acr oss end of t i me f use ( saf et y f use) , r emoveand di scar d 2 or 3 i nches of f use f r om each r ol l ,

( 3)

Cut of f and t est a 1- f oot l engt h f r omeach r ol l f or det er mi na-t i on of bur ni ng t i me- Al l f use i r 3 t i r e same f al l shoul d bur t i at a uni -f or m f et e, t hough r ot e of hor ni ng mr t y vf t r ; ' f r om appr oxi mat el y 30t o 43 seconds per f oot i n di f 7er ent r ol l s.

( 4)

The suppl y of bl ast i ng caps f or t he r equi r ed oper at i on wi l lbe at mi ni mumof 25 f eet f r omt he suppl y of expl osi ves,

( 5)

The pr epar at i on of nonel ect r i c pr i mer s wi l l be per f or med notl ess t han 25 f eet f r om t he suppl y of bl ast i ng caps car expl osi ves.

( 6)

Cut suf f i ci ent t i me f use ( saf et y f use) t o per mi t f i r er t o r eacha pl ace of saf et y bef or e t he char ge expl odes,

( 7)

Sel ect one nonel ect r i c bl ast i ng cap, bal d i t open end down,309

Par . 226

TM V- I VVR

Dest r uct i on of Ar nmuni t i ot t i n ZOt w of t he I t t t er i ur

and shake gent l y t o r emove di r t or ot her f or ei gn mat t er , Hol d t hedesi r ed l engt h of t i me f use ( saf et y f use) ver t i cal and gent l y sl i p t hecap down ovet - t hc f use unt i l t he expl osi ve i s i n cont act wi t h t he endof t he f use. I f t he f use appear s t oo l ar ge t o ent er t he bl ast i ng capeasi l y, t he end t o ent er t he cap may be r ol l ed bet ween t he f i nger s,CAUTI ON: Do r r od use f or ce.

( S) When t he f use i s pr oper l y seat ed wi t hi n t he cap, pl ace ast andar d- t ype cap cr i mper over t he cat ) at t he f use end; hol d by t hePur e and cr i mp cap t o f use.

( 9)

No mar e t han si x bl ast i ng caps wi l l be per mi t t ed at t he si t esel ect ed f or pr epar at i on of pr i mer s at any one t i me,

( 10)

The pr i mi ng of expl osi ves wi l l be per f or med at A di st anceof not l esr t han 25 f eet f r omt he si t e of any ot her per mi ssi bl e st or ageor oper at i on poi nt i nvol ved i n connect i on wi t h t he pr epar at i on ofpr i mer s and demol i t i on char ges.

{ 11)

Not mor e t han one pr i med char ge of expl osi ves wi l l beper mi t t ed at any si t e at any one t i me.

( 12)

The pr epar at i on of pr i mer s and t he pr i mi ng of expl osi veswi l l not be per f or med i n advat l ce of r equi r ement s f or use of s&me,i n vi ew of possi bl e at mospher i c ef f er - t 3.

( 13)

Br i ng t o t he si t e of t he oper at i on onl y suf f i ci ent expl osi vest o meet t he r equi r ement of t he oper at i on i nvol ved.

f .

Removal f r omcont ai nem. Expl osi ves or ammuni t i on t o bedest r oyed by bur ni ng wi l l be r emoved f r omcont ai ner s, as any at t emptt o bur n expl osi ves or ammuni t i on under even sl i ght conf i nement mayr esul t i n an expl osi on or det onat i on.

g. T1r i r ' xmi ui ng r l t eaut i t 3 t o he dest r oyed . The quant i t y ofmat er i al t o ba dest r oyed at one t i me wi l l depend upon l ocal condi -t i ons_ Thi s quant i t y wi l l be car ef ul l y det er mi ned by st ar t i ng wi t h al i mi t ed number and t hen gr adual l y i ncr easi ng t hat number unt i l t hemaxi mum whi ch can be dest r oyed wi t hout damage t o sur r oundi ngpr oper t y or causi ng di st ur bance t o ci vi l i an ar eas i s det er mi ned.

Thet espon. si bl e i ndi vi dual wi l l make sur e bef or e he gi ves t he si gnal f ordet onat i on t hat t her e i 3 no unaut hor i zed per son i n t he danger ar eaand t hat al l aut hor i zed per sons ar e pr ot ect ed by adequat e di st anceand cover .

h.

Col l e4' . 11on of unexpl oded ar ni ekuni t i on. As some t ypes ofammuni t i on ar t ! compar at i vel y di f f i cul t t o expl ode, a sear ch of t hesur r oundi ng gr ounds shoul d be made af t er each bl ast and any ma.t er i al whi ch has been t hr own f r omt he pi t and not det onat ed shoul dbe col l ect ed and i ncl uded wi t h t he next char ge t o be dest r oyed.

i .

Segr egat i on of mal e- r i al awai t i ng dest r uct i on .

Expl osi ves orammuni t i on awai t i ng dest r uct i on wi l l not be pi l ed wi t hi n 2401 f eet oft he poi nt of dest r uct i on and wi l l I ) e pr ot ect ed f r om gr ass f i r es, bur n-

310

TM 9- 1900

Por s . 226- 227Dest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zone of t he I nf er i or

i ng ember s, and f l yi ng f r agment s. Al l dr y gr ass, l eaves, and ot heri nf l ammabl e mat er i al wi l l be r emoved f r om t he ar ea wi t hi n a r adi usof 50 f eet of t he pi l e,

j . Caut i on agai nst r e- i gni t i un. I n r epeat i ng bur ni ng oper at i ons,car e wi l l be t aken t o guar d agai nst mat er j aI bei ng i gni t ed f r ombur n-i ng r esi due or heat i n t he gr ound,

k.

I mpr ovi si ng. The use of i mpr ovi sed met hods f or expl odi ngbl ast i ng cabs i s pr ohi bi t ed,

1 .

Mi sf i r e&

I n case of a mi sf i r e, per sonnel wi l l not appr oach t hepi t , t r ench, or pai nt of det onat i on unt i l a per i od of 30 mi nut es hasel apsed,

m.

U" of t r ai ned her aonnel .

Dest r uct i on of ammuni t i on wi l lnever be at t empt ed by i nexper i enced or unt r ai ned per sonnel _ Thenumber of per sonnel engaged i n such oper at i ons wi l l be kept at ami ni mumconsi st ent wi t h saf et y, but no per son wi l l be per mi t t ed t owor k al one.

n.

Guar di ng demol i t i on ar ea.

Guar ds, saf et y si gnal s, and war n-i ng si gns wi l l be used as r equi r ed t o keep unaut hor i zed per sonnelf r om danger ar eas dur i ng dest r uct i on oper at i ons .

n.

Addi t i onal i nst r uct i onR. I n t he absence of speci f i c r egul at i onsor i nf or mat i on cover i ng any phase of t he dest r uct i on of expl osi vemat er i al , i nst r uct i ons wi l l be r equest ed f r omt he Chi ef of Or dnance.

227. BULK EXPLOSI VES.a.

Bl ack powder ,

The saf est met hod of dest r oyi ng bl ack powderi s t o dump i t i n a st r eam or body of - wat er ; i f no sui t abl e body ofwat er k conveni ent , i t may be bur ned.

Onl y t ool s of wood or non.spar ki ng met al wi l l be used i n openi ng t he cont ai ner s, The cont ent sof one cont ai ner onl y wi l l bo bur ned at one t i mo pr ovi ded t hat quan-t i t y does not exceed 50 pounds.

The powder must be r emoved f r omt he cont ai ner and st ) r esd out on t he gr ound i r % a t r ai n about 2 i ncheswi de, car e bei ng t aken t hat no par t of t he t r ai n par al l el s an[ r t herpar t except at a di st ance of mor e t han 10 f eet . A t r ai n of i nf l am-mabl e mat er i al , such ss excel si or , about 25 f eet l ong and ext endi ngt o wi ndwar d must be ugMt o i gni t e t he powder , Hs t he r esul t i ng f l ar eof expl osi on i s su qui ck t hat t her e wi l l be no oppor t uni t y t o wi t hdr aw.The empt i ed cont ai ner s wi l l be t hor oughl y washed on t he i nsi dewi t h wat er , as ser i ous expl ar i ons have occur r ed wi t h supposedl yempt y bl ackpowder cans, Saf et y pr ecaut i ons, par t i cul ar l y t hose i npar agr aph 226, zhuul d be obser ved. Wet bl ack powder on dr yi ngmay r esume i t s expl osi ve pr oper t i es,

h. TNT. expl osi ve 1) . and t et r yl wi l l be dest r oyed by bur ni ng.They must not be dumped i nt o ur at er , as t hey poi son i t ,

The expl o-

Par s . 227- 228

I MV- I vuuDest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zonc of t he MI Cr i or

l i ve t o be bur ned wi l l be r emoved f r om cont ai ner s aci d spr ead i n it hi n l ayer . not mor e t han 3 or ' 4 i nches t hi ck, on unot l l er l ayer ofi nf l ammabl e mat er i al , such as excel t i i nr , A t r ai n of i nf l amTr t abl emat er i al wi l l b= used t v i gni t e t he expl osi ve_ $t t f et y pr ecaut i cync i npar agr aph 226 Xi houi d be ol j cer vod. Hur l , expl osi ve "; shoul d not bebur ned i n l ump f or m. I f expl osi v&s must be bur ned i n l t ur t t l i f or m,t he qumi t i t i es shoul d N! l ess t han st i pul ot ed bel ow f or par se expl o-si ves, and an oxpi osi on r nay occur , I nt i t ances ar e oat r ecor d of expl o-si ves bel ow ( Whi ch i n most i nst ances bur n) , det onat i ng whi l e bei ngbur ned . The maxi nnum amount s of l oose hi gh i _xpl osi ves whi ch m. Aybe bur ned at oci e bol e shal l he l i mi t ed mf ol l ows :

( 1)

DNT, TNT, expl osi ve D- 500 pounds,( 2)

Pent oht e. t et r yr t ol - 250 r ounds,( 3)

Tet r yl . composi t i on A. B. and C, RDX, hal ei t c- 50 pounds .t i r nukel es, powder .

Smal l quant i t i wi of smokel ess powder ( af ew boxes) up t o 500 pounds may be dest r oyed wi t h saf et y i f t hel xr wder i s r emoved f r om t he cont ai ner s and spr ead out on hdr egr ound i n a t r ai n of l i mi t ed wi dt h and t hi ckness dependent t i p( m t hegr anul at i on of t he powder . A t r ai n of i r , f l an) mabl e mat er i al about25 f eet l ong on t he wi ndwar d si de, shoul d be used t o i gni t e t hepowder ; t hi s al l ows per Ai nnel suf f i ci ent t une t o get away f r om t hei nt ense ! t eat wbkl c i s gener at ed when smokel ess powder bur ns . Saf et ypr ecaut i ons i n par agr al yh 236 shoul i t be obser ved.

d.

Dynaekt i l e.

Not i nur e t han 100 pounds ar p t o be dest r oyed bybur ni ng at one t i me, To dest r oy by bur ni ng, dynami t e car t r i dges,except f r ozen car t r i dges, shoul d be sl i t l engt hwi se i nt o hal ves wi t h anor di nar y kni f e; kni veq wi t h cl osi ng bl ades shoul d not be. used. Thesl i t car t r i dges ar e pl aced i n a si ngl e %yer , not gr eat er i n vt , i dt h t hant he l engt h of one t . a3' t r i dge, on hay, excel st i nr , or at ner combust i bl emat er i al . Tht combust i bl e t r ai n shoul d be of suf f i ci ent l engt h t oal l owper sonnel t i t r each cover or a saf e di st ance bef or e t he dynami t ebegi ns t o bur n. The dynami t e cont ai ner s shoul d be bur ned at t hesame t i me. Dynami t e awai t i ng dest r uct i on shoul d be shi el ded f r omt he di r ect r ays of t he sui t . Fr o7ct t car t r i dges! shal l be car ef ul l yt hawed, i n accor dhncc wi t h i nst r uct i ons cont ai ned i n FM5- 25. pr i ort o bur ni ng,

e. Ot her P. Xpl ghl Yf : p . I f i t i s necc! ysr y t o dest r oy ot her cxpl ca-r ; i VCB! such as mer cur y f ul mi nat e, l ead ar . i r l e, pi cr i c aci d, et c. . speci ali nst r uct i ons wi l l be r equci i r t cd f r ont t he Chi ef of Chdr i ance.

228. SEFARNTF- 1MADI NGYI t OPEMI NGCHARGES. Ext r emepr ecaut i ons wi l l be t aken agoi nst spar ks, The smokel e_" powderchar ges wi l l be r emoved t o t he bur ni ng gr ound bef or e bei ng opened.Ther e t he powder wi l l be r emoved f r omt he bag I ) y cut t i ng one of t heseams, car e bei ng t aken not t o di st ur b t he bl ackpowder i gni t i ngchar ge, - The empt y bag and i gni t er shoul d be i mmedi at el y and com-

312

TM 9- 1900

Par s. 226- 229Dest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zone of t f i e I r ct er l or

pl et el y SUI ) Mer ged i n wat er and t he i gni t er cut open under wat er .The smokel ess powder %vi l l be hur t l ed as f l escr i bed i n par agr aph227 c . The i gni t er and car t r i dge bags, af t er havi ng hear , t hor oughl ysoaked i n , eat er f or ot l east 72 hour s, shoul d be r emoved and al l owedt o dr y i n t he Upon : t hey may t hen be hor ned i n a pi t or t r ench- Soak-i ng i n wat er i s absol ut el y necessar y because t he conf i nement of t hebl ack powder by t he povr der bag, sl i ght as i f may be, i s suf f i ci ent t ocause expl osi on si l t ! pr oj ect i on of t he bur ni ng bags* And i gni t es t odi st ances of 200 f eet or mor e.

Bags and i gni t er s awai t i ng dest r uct i onby f i r F must he kept i n a sscur el y cl osed cont ai ner ,

I t i s per mi ssi bl e,when pr act i cabl e, t o dest r oy hags and i gnt mby dumpi ng t hemi n abody of t i vat er af t er t he pr opel l ent powder has been r emoved andt he var i ous sect i ons of t he qui l t ed i gni t er ar e cut open whi l e t he bagend i gni t er ar e st i l l submer ged i n wat er . Thi s cut t i ng i s necessar yt ci r el ease ai r t r apped i n t he qui l t ed i gni t er sect i ons, whi ch woul dcat f se t he bags and i gni t er s t o f l oat on l op of t he wat er .

229. ARTI LLERY SHELL.a.

The f ol l owi ng gener al i nst r uct i ons f or dest r oyi ng ar t i l l er y Shel lby det onat i on al so appl y t o bombs, mor t ar Shel l , r ocket shel l sepa-r at ed f r om t hei r mot or s, and ot her r el at i vel y l or ge component s con-t ai ni ng hi gh expl osi ve- However . i t must I >e kept i n mi nd t hat bombs,mor t ar shel l , r ocket shel l , and ant i t ank mi nes ar e composed of ast ouch as 60 per cent by wei ght of expl osi ve and hi ve r el at i vel y t hi nwal l s, as compar ed wi t h t he 10 t o 15 per cent of expl osi ve and t he r el at i vel y heavy wal l s of ar t i l l er y shel l .

Ther ef oec, t he number of uni t s ofhoi nbs, mor t ar shel l . r acket shel l , and mi nes dest r oyed i n one oper Ht i onshoul d be r educed accor di ngl y.

Shapef l char ges r equi r e ext r eme Car ei n dest r uct i on and shoul d be accompl i shed i n smal l quant i t i es orsi ngl y Fi xed shel l and r ocket shel l ( heads) wi l l be di sawer abl edf r omcompl et e r ounds and dest r oyed i n t he same meaner as separ at e-l oadi ng shel l ( see bel ow) . Bef or e under t aki ng any demol i t i on oper a-t i on t he pr oposed pr ocedur e wi l l be checked agai nst t he saf et y pr e-caut i ons pr escr i bed i n par agr aph 226.

h.

The f ol l owi ng gener al i nst r uct i ons cont empl at e t he use of a pi tor bombpr oof hui . ,

An ar t i l l er y r ange or si mi l ar si t e, whamavai l abl e,may be used.

Not e especi al l y par agr aph 226 h ( 2 ) .c-

" I ' he pr oj ect i l e t o be dest r oyed wi l l be pl aced on i t s si de i n at r ench or pi t about q f eet deep. The number of TNT bl ocks ( ort hei r equi val ent ) speci f i ed i n t he f ol l owi ng t abl e wi l l be pl aced i ncont act wi t h t he si de of t he pr oj ect i l e and hel d i n posi t i on by ear t hpacked ar ound t he pr oj ect i l e,

The TNT bl ock i s pl aced on i t s si de;i f t wo bl ocks ar e used, one i s pl aced on t op of t he ot her .

I f t hr oebl ocks ar e used, t wo ar e pl aced cl ose t oget her on t he shel l and t het hi r d on t op of t hese.

I f f i ve bl ocks or e used, t her e wi l l be t wo l ayer sof t wo bl ocks each, wi t h a f i f t h on t op. The demol i t i on bl acks ar e

448121 0 - 9e- 30

213

Par s . 229- 230

TM 9- 1900

DoAr ucf f or r of Ammuni t i on t o Zone of t he I nt er i or

det onat ed by means of an el ect r i c bl ast i ng cap or t ni ncr ' s saf et y f useand cep.

p" TRUCTI ON OF SHELL BY DETONAT10k

r sl i 6" { l 517pl ` To Be VSFi Xl t ' 2dNo. sF X' T- pound SHY ! ! ar t s

or Thei r Fqui val ml

c3.

One ei i d of t he r equi r ed l engt h of t i me f use ( saf et y f use)( par , 226 e) wi l l be cut and i nser t ed i n a Cof Especi al bl ast i ngcap unt i l i t j ust t ouches t he char ge. The cap wi l l t hen be l i ght l ycr i mped t o t he f use wi t h a f use cr i mper or sui t abl e t ool , car e bei ngt aken not t o pvc<m t he f use t oo t i ght l y agai nst t he f ul mi nat e char geof t he bl ast i ng cap.

ANo. $ el ect r i c bl ast i ng cap wi t h t he necessar yl engt h of l ead wi r e and a hand expl oder may be used i nst ead of t hebl ast i ng cap wi t h mi ner ' s saf et y f use.

The bl ast i ng cap wi l l be pl ace3i n t he hol e dr i l l ed i n t he TNT bl ock. ( t he t op bl ock when mor e t hanone bl ock i s used) , and i f necessar y t i ed ar ound i t t o hol d i t secur el yi n pl ace.

To no case shoul d a cap weaker t han t he or di nar y commer -ci al No. 8 bl ast i ng cap be used.

e,

I n case of a mi sf i r e, t he pr ecaut i on i n par agr aph 2261 shoul dbe obser ved.

Af t er t he bl ast , compl y wi t h par agr aph 226 h,

f ,

Poi nt - f uzed shel l f i t t ed wi t h Mar k wi l es adapt er s and boost er scan be det onat ed wi t hout t he use of TNTbl ocks.

ANo. 8 bl ast i ngcap secur el y hel d i n pl ace i n t he f uze cavi t y wi t h a smal l amountof mud packed ar ound t he t op of t he cap wi l l usual l y i nsur e cor 11-pl et e det onat i on of l oaded shel l .

230, BLANKAMM1NMONFORCANNON. Rounds of bl ankammuni t i on whi ch have mi sf i r ed wi l l be dest r oyed l ocal l y under t hesuper vi si on of a commi ssi oned of f i cer or per apnnel desi gnat ed f ort hi s pur pose by t he ser vi ce command or dnance of f i cer . Al l pr ecau-t i ons f or handl i ng bl ack powder , chapt er 1, sect i on I V, and f or dest r oy-i ng ammuni t i on, par agr aphs 226 and 227, shoul d be . obser ved. Anext r act or ( br ass) havi ng a wood- acr ew t hr ead can. be used t o r emovet he cl osi ng cap and wad; t he bl ack powder pel l et s may be r emovedby t i ppi ng t he car t r i dge case f or war d and cat chi ng t hemi n t he hand;and t he pr i mer may be r emoved by. means of a pr en . havi ng a hol l owgui de and/ or r amt o Car r y f or ce of possi bl e pr i mer f unct i oni ng awayf r om t he oper at or . Bef or e r emovi ng t he pr i mer wi t h a pr ess, besur e t hat cpr r o4i on wi l l t r ot bi nd t he pr i mer and cause t he appl i cat i onof t oo much pr essur e. Al so, be sur e t o t ake al l possi bl e pr ecaut i onst o see t hat no powder dust adher es t o t he pr i mer.

37- r um, 57- ni m r

75- mi n, 76- mm, 3 i nch 2

120- MUL, 155- mm, 4- i nch 3

S- i i i ch, 240- Tr i m 4

10- i nCFL, 12- i nch 5

14- i nch, 16 - i nch

TM 9- 1900

Por s, 231- 235Dest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zone of the I nf er i or

231, BObI BS. Bombs shoul d be dest r oyed i n accor dance wi t hpar agr aph 229, However , bombs have such t hi n wal l s and cont ai nso much mor e expl osi ve t han shel l of cor r espondi ng wei ght andusual l y det onat e so compl et el y i hst ext r eme pr ecaut i ons must bet aken t o avoi d st r uct ur al damage t o bui l di ngs and i nj ur i es t o per -sonnel . The dest r uct i on of bombs l ar ger l hen 100 pounds shoul dnot be t ui der t aken wi t hout t he speci f i c appr oval of t he Chi ef ofOr dnance, Bombs awai t i ng dest r uct i on shoul d be segr egat ed i nsmal l pi l es 100 f eet or mor e apar t and at l east 300 f eet f r om t hedet onat i ng pi t . Ext r eme pr ecaut i ons must be t aken t o pr ot ect bombsawai t i ng dest r uct i on agai nst acci dent al det onat i on by f i r e, f r agment s,or sympat het i c det onat i on,

232. MORTAR SHELF, Mor t ar shel l shoul d be dest r oyed i naccor dance wi t h t he i nst r uct i ons i n par agr aph 229, Car e wi l l bet aken t o l i mi t t he number dest r oyed at any one t i me and t o pr ot ectshel l awai t i ng dest r uct i on f r om f l yi ng f r agment s_'. : 33, ROCKET SHELL. Rocket shel l : whi ch ar e separ at ed f r omt hei r mot or s, shoul d be dest r oyed i n accor dance wi t h t he i nst r uct i onsi n par agr aph 229, Car e wi l l be t aken t o l i mi t t he number dest r oyedat one t i me and t o pr ot ect shel l awai t i ng dest r uct i on f r om f l yi ngf r agment s. Rocket s havi ng mot or s at t ached t her et o wi l l be dest r oyedi n accor dance wi t h i r mt r uct i ons f r om t he Chi ef of Or dnance,

23- 1 PENr r OL1TE- AND TETHYTOI r FI LL1ED AMHUNI T10N,a. Ammuni t i on f i l l ed wi t h pent ol i t e or t et r yt ol have shaped

char ges, These i ncl ude hi gh- expl osi ve ant i t ank shel l , gr enades, andr ocket shel l , and demol i t i on shaped char ges. Ext r eme car e shoul dbe obser ved i n dest r oyi ng t hi s t ype of ammuni t i on, and t he f ol l owi ngpr ecaut i ons shoul d be obser ved ;

( 1) Onl y smal l quant i t i es or si ngl e i t ems shoul d be dest r oyeda t one t i me,

( 2)

Fr agment at i on as wel l as bl ast ef f ect shoul d be expevt edand guar ded agai nst :

235, SMALI .. ARI f S AMi } 1UVf 1' 10N,: 4,

Al l unser vi ceabl e cal i ber , 22 and shot gun ammuni t i on wi l l hedest r oyed l ocal l y. Or dnance f i el d r epr esent at i ves, wi t hi n t hei r j ur i s-di ct i on, si r e char ged wi t h t he di sposi t i on of al l ot her unser vi ceabl esmal l - ar ms ammuni t i on and accumul at i ons f r om ( r i ngs. Ref er encet o WI C SB 9- AMM4 shoul d be r nade f or pr ocedur e t o be f ol l owedi n di sposi t i oi i ,

h. Smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on shoul d be dest r oyer ! i n a pi t whi chi s appr oxi mat el y G Feet squar e and 4 f eet deep, Ar t i ncl i ned chut esuch em a pi ece of 2- i nch pi pe shoul d be pr ovi ded, and t hi s chut eshoul d be pl aced so t hat one end i s over t he cent er of t he pi t and t he

316

Par s . 235- - 236

TM 9- t " GDest r uct i on of Ammauni l l on i r e Zone of t ho I nt er i or

ot her behi nd t he bar r i cade_ Pr ecaut i ons shoul d be t aken t o baf f l et he open end behi nd t he bar r i cade so t hat t he oper at or cannot l ookdown t he pi pe, A hot f i r e shoul d be bui l t i n t he pi t , and t hen t hepi t shoul d be cover ed wi t h ¬i pi ece of sheet i r on or ot her sui t abl emat er i al t o conf i ne f l yi ng f r agment s. The car t r i dges shoul d be f e( 1i nt o t he f i r e t hr ough t he pi pe, and car e shoul d be t t i ken t r y pr eventan accumul at i on of unexpl oded ammuni t i on i n t he pi t ,

A f ur naceor bur ni ng ket t l e desi gned t o accompl i sh t he above dest r uct i on bybur ni ng i s al so sat i sf act or y . Appr oved equi pment end bui l di ngdr awi ngs showi ng bar r i cades wi l l be suppl i ed by t he Chi ef of Or d-nance on r equest .

236. SMALL COhI PONFNTS EXCFP-1- PRMI ERS.a,

These component s, ar t i l l er y and gr enade f uzes, boost er s, det ernat or s, f i nd si mi l ar mat er i al , may be dest r oyed ei t her by bur ni ngor by det onat i ng. For dest r uct i on of pr i mer s see par agr aph 239.

b, I n dest r uct i on by bur ni ng, t he same i nst r uct i ons gi ven i npar agr aph 235 t o f or t he dest r uct i on of smr t l l - ar ms ammuni t i on shoul dbe f ol l owed. Caut i on shoul d be exer ci sed i n i nt r oduci ng component si nt o t he t i r e because nar msl act i on cannot be expect ed under i nt enseheat . The expl osi on of a pr evi ousl y i nt r oduced component shoul dbe hear d bef or e i nt r oduci ng anot her .

r . When dest r oyi ng t hese component s by det onat i on, a smal lnumber of component s, dependi ng upon t he t ype and ki nd, shoul dbe pl aced i n cont act wi t h one anot her i n an open cont ai ner . Thi s

cont ai ner shoul d t hen be pl aced ) i n a pi t or t r ench appr oxi mat el yf eet deep. On t op of each cont ai ner and i n cont act wi t h t he

component s, one or mor e TNT bl ocks f i t t ed wi t h an el ect r i c bl aot i ogcap or wi t h a Cof Especi al bl ast i ng cap and t i me f use ( saf et y Fuse)shoul d be pl aced_ The pi t shoul d t hen be cover ed wi t h a l ayerof l ogs and ear t h or ot her sui t abl e cover , and t he component sshoul d t hen be det onat ed i n accor dance wi t h t he saf et y pr ecaut i onsout l i ned i n par agr aphs 224 and 228.

41 . The f ol l owi ng met hod of dest r uct i on of onver vi ceabi e HEaxt t i t ank mi ne f uxas shoul d be f ol l owed :

( 1)

The avai l abl e saf et y di st ances wi l l det er mi ne t he number off uzes t hat may be dest r oyed at one t i me ( based on act ual f r agment _di st ances r epor t ed f r om dest r uct i on of f uzes i n quant i t i es) t oget herwi t h r ecommended mi ni mumsaf et y di st ances f or each, as set f or t h

bel ow :( a) Wher e pi l e i s cover ed wi t h ear t h ( 2 f eet )

No . of Nr 9f . ,

Xa

_Fr upmesr f Di oanse

I PPP' °r I MeI a

i anYar dsFX-

Aawmmended Sof sXy O: r l PnuI ml nl nwi n yar ds]

aoo56 350 525

t 52 535 800

702 . 525 800 . , .

316

r nf l 9- 1900

oar s . 236- 227

Desdr uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zone of t he I nt er i or

( b)

Wher e pi l e i s not cover ed wi t h ear t h ;

No. of Fut on,

r r 0r *oot ber t i 7ueu6t aes w. y 1mXLr ct cd f or dnm" I I q, L Ht Doe t i me_ 0Ft hmSEF, 9( Y1 was adopt ed x

sr t , r hi ng t he upper Li vni t of cf ci e. i Xy 1, 6

( 2)

Bet ween st or agf e poi nt and dest r uct i on ar ea, handl e ai l f uzeswi t h st r i ker end up; exer ci se ext r eme car e and caut i on,

( 3) Make a doubl e pyr ami d pi l e of t he quant i t y sel ect ed f ordest r uct i oni , t he bot t om r ow shoul d be on l evel gr ound or on awooden l i nr i r t l of suf f i ci ent l engt h t o car r y t he bot t or n r ow of t hepi l e. Pl ace t he f uzes on t he si de wi t h t he r ows base t o base, i ni nt i mat e cont act , and wi t h t he pr oj ect i ng por t i ons of t he saf et y f or kf i t t ed i nt o t he gr onvt s car r yi ng t he same component i n t he adj acentf uzes. The f uzes must be kepi i n cont act wi t h each ot her ,

( 4) Pl ace t wo No. 6 or No. 8 bl ast i ng caps ( l i ght l y t aped i fnecessar y t o hol d t hem i n posi t i on) si de by si de bet ween t he basesof t he t wo t op f uzes of cr ach pyr ami d so t hat t he end of t he cap i sat t he appr oxi mat e cent er of t he base of t he f uze. A Bl i ght " mud-cappi ng" of t he caps i p desi r abl e i f car ef ul l y appl i ed, The pi l e i st hem r eady f or det onat i un.

237 . PRI NTERS.

f r eya. unt uWance

I t at ommended Saf et y Dl sl pnt e{ oppr oxl mot o yar day

i

( MLni , MVt n Ynr ds)

a.

Lar ge pr i mer s, 104- gr ai n or mor e, may be, dest r oyed by bur ni ngaccor di ng t o t he i nst r ucl i uns f or dest r uct i on of smal l - ar m=; ammuni t i oni n par agr aph 235 l o . ' Pr i mer s, Ot her t han smal l - anns pr i mer s, ar edr opped one at a t i me i nt o t he f i r e .

Lar ge pr i mer s wi l l be dest r oyedonl y i n t hi s manner because t hey ar e subj ect t o expl osi on i n ni a"i f dest r oyed t oy bur ni ng i n l ar ge quant i t i es .

l i p .

Pr i mer s, except t he 1Mgr ai r t or l ar ger pr i mer s, may be bur nedi n a t r ench appr oxi mat el y 2 f eet deep, 1 f oot wi de. and of suf f i ci entl engt h t o accommodat e t he number of pr i mer s t o be bur ned at onet i me. The t r ench shoul d be pr epar ed wi t h a quant i t y of excel si or orsi mi l ar combust i bl e mat er i al suf f i ci ent t o i nsur e a hot f i r e t hr oughouti t s l engt h. The pr i mer s shoul d be r emoved f r om boxes and pl aceclon t he excel si or bef or e t he f i r e i s l i ght ed. Past eboar d car t ons: neednot be opened bei one t hey ar e pl aced i n t 11e t r ench. ' 1' o conf i nef r abmh: i t s as much as possi bl e, a pi ece of sheet mewl shoul d bepl aced over t he t r ench. Af t er t he pr i mer s and covet ar e i n pl ace,x t r ai n Of cor t l bust i bl e mat er i al l eadi ng i nt o t he pi t shoul d he pr e-par ed and l i ght ed. Per sonnel shoul d t hen t ake cover or wi t hdr awt o A saf e di st ance,

C. I f a sui t abl e t ank or ket t l e i s avai l abl e f or use, a sf nal l ernumber of pr i mer s may The pl aced i n i i end a smal l - mesh scr eedpl aced over t he t op, 13y bui l di ng a f i r e under neat h, t he pr i mer s wi l lbe " pl oded. A conveni ent r ecept acl e i s an i r on t ank cut i n hal f

Par s, 237- 238

TM 9- 1900Dest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zone of t he 7nl er i or

l ongi t udi nal l y al t i d t he open si de pl acer ; on r ai l r oad i r on or ot hersui t abl e gr at i ng t hat wi l l not l et t he pr i mer dr op i nt o t he f i r e. Al ar ge hol e, appr oxi mat el y 12 i nches i n di amet er , wi t h a pi pe l ocat edabove t he hei ght of a r nSr i s head, shoul d be pr ovi ded and about50 pr i mer s put i n at one t i me. The boi l er shoul d be equi pped wi t ha smokest ack so t hat a dr af t wi l l be f or med t hr ough t he gr at i ngrPacki ng mat er i al , i f i nf l ammabl e, need not be r emoved f r ont t hepr i mer s .

d.

I f a bur ni ng pi t const r uct ed of r ai l r oad i r on or si mi l ar mat er i ali s avai l abl e, a f i r e may he bui l t i n i t and a box of pr i mer s dest r oyed8t one t i me ( pr ovi ded t he packi ng i s i nf l ammabl e) by t hr owi ng t hebox i nt o t he pi t and t aki ng cover .

e.

The smal l er end vent pr i mem may be dest r oyed by bui l di nga f i r ebox, over whi ch a basket of pr i mer s may be pul l ed on r ai l r oadi r on f r ombehi nd a bar r i cade. The f i r e shoul d be st ar t ed bef or e t hepr i mer s ar e pul l ed over i t . When al l pr i mer s have been f i r ed, t hebasket shoul d be pul l ed of f , empt i ed; cool ed, r el oaded, and agai npul l ed over t he f i r e .

f .

The st ack of pr i mer s awai t i ng dest r uct i on wi l l not be al l owedwi t hi n 300 f eet of t he bur ni ng oper at i ons, wad gr eat car e wi l l bet aken t o pr ot ect t he pi l e f r omacci dent al i gni t i on by f l yi ng f r agment sor spar ks, ' ' Thi s st ock wi l l be l i mi t ed t o a day' s suppl y. Ot herappl i cabl e r egul at i ons cont ai ned i n par agr aph 226 wi l l he st r i ct l yobser ved.238, GRENADES.

a.

Gener al . Gr enades may be dest r oyed by bur ni ng or det ona-t i on i n accor dance wi t h t he f ol l owi ng i nst r uct i ons. St r i ct coi npbancc-.wi t h appl i cabl e r egul at i ons of par agr aph 226 i s essent i al f or t hepr ot ect i on of per sonnel and pr oper t y . Dest r uct i on by det onat i onshoul d gener al l y be appl i ed t o hi gh- expl osi ve gr enades, wher easdest r uct i on by bur ni ng i s appl i ed gener al l y t o ot her t ypes of gr enades,

h.

Dest r uct i on I "xy det onat i on . Not mor e t han t went y gr enadesshoul d be pl aced i n a pi t about 4 f eet deep. They shoul d be pi l edso t hat t hey come i n v" e cont act wi t h each ot her , on t op of t hepi l e shoul d be pl aced, i n i nt i mat e cont act , t hr ee ?A- pound TNTbl ocks, one of whi ch i s pr ovi ded wi t h an el ect r i c bl ast i ng cap orC of E speci al bl ast i ng cap f i t t ed wi t h sever al f eet of t i me f use( saf et y f use) .

The gr enades and TNT bl cxks shoul d be cover edwi t h a l ayer of ear t h about 1 f oot t hi ck whi ch i s t amped l i ght l y t oobt ai n t he maxi mum ef f i ci ency of t he TNT bl ocks, and t he pi tshoul d be cover ed as pr escr i bed i n par agr aph 225.

c .

Deet i t r uct i on by bur ni ng.

A pi t 2 f eet squar e by 3 f eet deepf i t t ed l oosel y wi t h an i r on pl at e or heavy boar d cover i s usedGr enades shoul d be put i n t he f i r e one at a t i me. Anot her shoul d

319

TM9- 1900

Pans . 338- 240Dest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on . i n Zone of t he i nt er i or

pot be put i n unt i l t he pr evi ous gr enade i s det onat ed. Car e shoul dbe t aken i n i ni voduci ng oxpl osi ves i nt o t he f i r e, as nor mal act i oncannot bn expect ed under i nt ense heat , The onl y t i me t o i nvest i gat ean unusual del ay i n t he expl osi on of a gr enade i s when t he f i r ehas bur ned out and i l ae pi t i s col d. I nst ead of dr oppi ng gr enadessi ngl y and cover i ng each t i me, an i ncl i n" chut e whi ch i s baf f l ed att he open end may be used,

239. PY1{ ( hr ECHNI CS,a. Gener al * Pyr ot echnh>, except phot of l ash bombs and par H-

chut e f l ar es, wi l l be dest r oyed i n accor dance wi t h t he i nst r uct i onsf or bur ni ng of pr i mer s ( par . 2371) ) , Loose pyr ot echni c mat er i al sshoul d be bur ned under t he ) dame condi t i ons as bl ack powder andt he same pr ecaut i ons shoul d be obser ved ( par . 227a) . Wat er - wetpyr ot echni c mat er i al s may be bur ned i n smal l quant i t i es i n f ur nacesdesi gned f or t hat pur pose and appr oved by t he Chi ef of Or dnance.

h.

Par ocl hut e Rams.

Par achut e f l ar es wi l l he dest r oyed by bur n-i ng i n t he open and i n a ver t i cal posi t i on on t he gr ound_ The i ndi .vi ct ual f l ar es mut t be l ocat ed at l east 4 f eet apar t and pl aced ont op of a l ayer of combust i bl e mat er i al , Af t er l i ght i ng t he t r ai n ofcombust i bl e mat er i al , per sonnel shoul d t ake cover and obser vesaf et y dWt al nces.

e. Yhat of l aeh hamh& Phot of l ash bombs ar e danger ous andshoul d be handl ed wi t h car e. They shoul d be dest r oyed by t he useof TNT bl ocks, si mi l ar t o t he pr ocedur e f or ar t i l l er y shel l ( par _ 229) ,Duds of phot of l ash bombs shoul d not be handl ed or moved butdest r oyed i n pl ace i n accor dance wi t h i nst r uct i ons i n par agr aph 242.Due t o t he t hi nness of t he case, a si ngl e bl ock of TNT i s suf f i ci entt o accompl i sh dest r uct i on, A st r i ct compl i ance wi t h t he appl i cabl er egul at i ons of par agr aph 226 i s essent i al .

NOTE- Dud t o t he br i l l i ance of t he f l ash, i t i s i nj ur i ous t o vi si oni o wat ch t he dest r uct i on of phot of l ash bombs . even at di st ances pr e-scr i bed i n t hi s manual as saf e agai nst f r agment s.

2- 1U. CHEMI CAL 1i uMMl l NI TI ON.a.

I n gener al , gr enades, bombs, and shel l l oaded wi t h chemi calf i l l er shoul d be dest r oyed i n a manner si mi l ar t o t hat pr escr i bed i npar agr aph 229 f or dest r oyi ng ar t i l l er y shel l , Bef or e dest r oyi ngchemi cal ammuni t i on, however , speci al i nst r uct i ons shoul d be obt ai nedf r om t he Chi ef of Or dnance concer ni ng any except i onal hazar ds.When a l eaki ng shel l or component i s l ocat ed, t he i ndi vi dual i n char geof t he magazi ne wi l l be not i f i ed i n or der t hat he may di r ect t hedi sposi t i on of t he shel l . As chemi cal shel l cont ai ns a compar at i vel ysmal l amount of expl osi ves, t he char ge of TNT bl ocks t o be usedf or demol i t i on shoul d be as f ol l ows ;

319

Par s . 244- 241

TM 4- 19DO

Dest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zone of t ha I r der i or

190- 1b Lxu, th

I r ,

Ll at 4pr ous ci ; mi c») ammuni 00u.{ 1)

I mmedi at el y hazar dous unser vi ceabl e chemi cal amr t uni t i onmay be d

ayed by expl odi ng i n t he open i f a suf f i ci ent l y i sol at edar ea i s avai l abl e .

The poi nt wher e t he shel l i s expl oded shoul d bechosen so t hat f or a per i od of appr oxi mat el y 48 hour s per sonnel canbe excl uded f r omt he ar ea 1 mi l e downwi nd f r omt he poi nt wher e t heshel l i s expl oded.

For a per i od of about 2 weeks, al l per sonnel mi ntbe pr event ed f r om passi ng wi t hi n a di st ance of 150 yar ds f 1Vm t hepoi nt wher e t he shel l i i i expl oded,

Wher e a suf f i ci ent l y i sol at ed ar eai s not avai l abl e, si ngl e unser vi ceabl e gas- f i l l ed shel l may be dest r uyedi n a pi t 6 f eet deep. The shel l wi t h i t s bur st i ng char ge i s pl acedat t he bot t om of t he pi t , t he pi t i s back- f i l l ed, and t he shel l expl oded.Fi ve gal l ons of f r eshl y pr epar ed bl eachi ng sol ut i on shoul d be pour edon t he f i l l , and suf f i ci ent dr y bl each ( chl or i de of l i me) shoul d t henhe scat t er ed over t he f t l l t o cover t he di st ur bed gr ound t o a dept hof 2 i nches .

Aper manent si gn shoul d be pl aced on t he f i l l , pr ohi bi t -i ng di ggi ng i n t he vi ci ni t y,

( 2)

Wher e a suf f i ci ent l y i sol at ed ar ea i s not avai l abl e, chemi calammuni t i on may be dest r oyed by pl aci ng i n a pi t , appr oxi mat el y20 f eet i n di amet er and 4 f eet deep, on t op of a wool l en pl at f or mand sur r ounded by dr y scr ap wood, At -r ange demol i t i on char gesand cover t he ammuni t i on wi t h about 2 f eet of ear t h; t he char ges ar et o he so ar r anged t hat t hey wi l l f unct i on af t er t he scr ap wood hasbeen i gni t ed 8nd t he f i r e has st ai ned headway ; i n t hi s way t he chemi calf i l l er wi l l be bur ned as i t comes f r omt he i t em wi t hout undue con-t ami nat i on of t he sur r oundi ng ar ea. Under nor mal condi t i ons, t hechemi cal f i l l er wi l l bur n cl ean and no shel l f r agment s wi l l l eavet he pi t -

As a mat t er of gener al saf et y, no per sonnel shoul d appr oacht he pi t f or 48 hour s~

241 .

- Ai t i TT' i ANKMI NFS.

I f mar ks on t he mi ne or on t he gr oundi ndi cat e t hat i t has been r un over by a vehi cl e, t he mi ne shoul dbe consi der ed as a dud and shoul d not be handl ed or j ar r ed, andshoul d be dest r oyed i n pl ace by det onat i on wi t h a TNT or ni t r ost ar chbl ock ( par - 242) . Onl y mi nes t hat have not been t amper ed wi t h,handl ed, or di st ur bed i n any manner may have t he saf et y f or kr epl aced and t hen t aken up. The saf et y f or k must be r epl aced

CL. mi cal Shel l ac Compor nW. 0 I A- pound TNT I l ackiQC 11ei " Equl vol ant

5- mnt ahch 4155- mm shr 11 ! iR- i nch E] ' el l I 660- me, and 81- Tr i mmor t ar 24, Z- ; ar h chemi cal nt or t uF s] i cl l . 38- i nch chor ni cal r r j or t a* shcf 4

I

5- 1b bomb t25- , 30- , Knd 50- 16 bomb 2

7M9- 19170

Par s . 241- 242Dest r uct i on of Ammuni t i on i n Zone of t ha I nt er i or

bef or e t he mi ne i s handl ed or t he f uze r emoved. Unser vi ceabl eant i t ank mi nes wi l l be dest r oyed i n t he same manner and wi t h t hesame pr ecaut i ons as bombs ( l am. 229 and 231) .242. TMI GET RANGES.

a.

Ccnur al .

Expl osi ve mi ssi l es whi ch have f ai l ed t o f unct i on af t erf i r i ng ar e t er med " duds_" AR 750- 10 pr escr i bes t hat , af t er f i r i ng ona r ange has been compl et ed and bef or e f r ee access t o i t i s al l owedt o per sonnel i n gener al . t he r ange wi l l be t hor oughl y pol i ced and al lduct s dest r oyed by compet ent per sonnel . Duds of phot of l ash bombsor ai r cr af t f l ar es r el eased dur i ng f l i ght over l and ar eas ot her t hant ar get r anges wi l l be r ecover ed and dest r oyed,

See par agr aph 239.b.

Saf et y pr ecuut i ot uL- Tar get r anges ar e denger ous because off l yi ng mi ssi l es dur i ng t ar get pr act i ce and unexpl oded ammuni t i onwhi ch may r emai n on t he r ange af t er t ar get pr act i ce .

Saf et y pr ecau-t i ons shoul d t her ef or e i ncl ude mean; f or pr event i ng t r espA" upon t het ar get r ange by unaut hor i zed or car el ess per sons and f or r emovi ngf r omt he r ange al l unexpl oded ammuni t i on whi ch bas been f i r ed.

I naddi t i on t o t he saf et y measur es empl oyed at and near t he f i r i ng l i ne,such as r ai l f l ags, mar ker s, or f ences, t he boundar y or t er r ai n whi chi s l i kel y t o r ecei ve mi ssi l es f r om t he f i r i ng l i ne shoul d t * pl acar dedwi t h si gns whi ch i ndi cat e t he danger zone and t hi e hazar ds at t endantupon ent er i ng such zones at speci f i ed t i mes . The si gns shoul d al soemphasi ze t he danger s connect ed wi t h pi cki ng up unexpl oded amr nu-ni t i or l and shoul d pr ohi bi t ei t her t r espass on t he r ange or t he r emovalof souveni r s f r om al vas, under penal t i es pr ovi ded by l aw. Thepl acar di ng of t he t ar get r anges i s a mat t er of publ i c saf et y and mustnever be negl ect ed .

c .

Dest r oyi ng duds,( 1)

The pol i ci ng of a t ar get r ange and saf eguar di ng t he com-mand ar e f unct i ons of t he commandi ng of f i cer . I mmedi at el y af t ert ar get pr act i ce i s compl et ed, t he ent i r e r ange shoul d be car ef ul l ypol i ced f or unexpl oded ammuni t i on, under t he super vi si on of anaut hor i zed i ndi vi dual who i s t hor oughl y f ami l i ar wi t h t he dangomi nci dent t o such oper st i onq. Unexpl oded pr oj ect i l es and ot her com-ponent s of ammuni t i on whi ch have been f i r ed ar e danger ous t o handl eand shoul d not be t ouched or j ar r ed wher e i t i s pr act i cabl e t o dest r oyt hemby t he use of TNT bl ocks . However , unf uzed duds may behandl ed wi t h compar at i ve saf et y .

( 2)

I n t hose r ar e cases i n whi ch i t i s necessar y t o r emove a dudf r om any l ocat i on bef or e dest r cl yi ng i t , al l oper at i ons connect ed wi t ht hi s pr ocedur e shoul d be done ei t her by or under t he di r ect super "vi si on of per sonnel who ar e t hor oughl y f ami l i ar wi t h t he danger s ofsuch an oper at i on and who ar e qual i f i ed t o do t hi s wor k_

{ 3)

To move or r oi l an unexpl oded f i r ed pr oj ect i l e i s t o i nvi t edi sast er , as such an oper at i on may cause movement of t he i nt er nal

Par . 242

TM9- 1904

Dest r uct i on of Ammuni f i cm hi Zone of f he I nt er i or

f uze par t s and may cause t he pr oj ect i l e t o expkt 1o

No at t empt wi l lbe made t o di sassembl e a r ound of unexpl oded ammuni t i on except byper sonnel of t he Or dnance Depar t r nent who sr e speci f i cal l y assi gnedt o such wor k,

( 4) Dudg on t he t ar get r ange, such as unexl ) bat ed pr oj evt des,Fuses, gr enades, ct c . , ca' n usual l y be dest r oyed i n p1Hce wi t h TNT orni t r ost ar ch bl ocky . The dud shoul d be appr oached onl y by kl xpLi r i encedper sonnel and, wi t hout di st ur bi ng t he dud, t he expl osi ve bl ocks car e-f ul l y l ai d i n i nt i mat e cor i t Act wi t h i t _ I f possi bl e, t he bl ocks shoul dbe pl aced on t up of t he dud because t he wave of det onat i on t ends t obe pr opagat ed downwar d. The bl ocks shoul d t hen be car , - f ul l y mud-packed or ear t h- cover ed t o di r ect t he expl v4i ot n t owar d t he dud asmuch as po! sni bl e . For ar t i l l er y shel l , t he number of TNT bl ocks ( oraqui val enl } t o be used shoul d f ol l ow t he t abl e speci f i ed i n par agr aph; 129 t ' , Af t er p4i ci ng t he char ge, t he duel shoul d t hen i >e cover ed wi t hsandbags or ear t h t o l i mi t t he r ange of t he f r agment s .

( 5)

Shel l expl oded on t he Fr ound sur f ace wi t hout an ear t h coverof at l east 2 f eet , may send f r agment s 1, 400 yar ds, and al l wi t hi n t hi sdanger zone wi l l t ake cover when t he char ge i s f i r ed. Per sonnel shoul dnever be wi t hi n 300 f eet of a pr oj ect i l e when i t expl odes, even i fsui t abl e pr ot e+: t i on i s at hand.

The get *Val i nst r uct i ons f or dest r oyi ngduct s on t he t ar get r ange ar e si mi l ar so f ar as possi bl e t o t hose de-scr i bed f or dest r oyi ng ar t i l l er y ammuni t i on { par _ 229) . Duds ofphat ol i ash bombs ar e dest r oyed i n accor dance wi t h t hi s par agr aph andpar agr aph 239. The saf et y pr ecaut i ons i n par agr aph 226 wi l l l i ecar ef ul l y obser ved_

( 6)

Gas shel l s or bombs shoul d be handl ed i n t he same manneras ot her pr oj ect i l es. I - Tol er , or t r enches i n whi ch gas shel l s have beenexpl oded must he f i l l ed or decont ar ni nat ed and gas masks wor n dur i ngt he wont .

Wor k shoul d al ways be done on t he wi ndwar d si de of t hear ea wher e gas shel l s ar e expl oded.

( 7) Dest r uct i on of duds of spot t i ngchar gc assembl i es, f or t he100- pound l ) i ' Act i ce bomb M38A2 ( bl ack powder ) wi l l be accot n-pl i sbi ` d by det onat i on i n pl ace. Thi s can be done by t he use ofder nDl i t i on bl t wl ss or a 15- i nX. h l engt h of pr i mact i or d whi ch i s coi l ed,pl aced can t op of t he. char ge, t aped i n pl ace, and det onat ed wi t h abl ast i ng cap, Dest r ut i on of i ndi vi dual unser vi ceabl e spet t i ng char gesof t hi s t ype can r eadi l y be accompl i shed by wi ndi ng a 20- i nch l engt hof pr i mecor d t wi ce ar ound t he char ge, t api ng i t i n pmi t i on, andi ni t i at i ng det onat l ml by means of a bl ast i ng cap as above.

( 8) Af t er t he dest r uct i on of duds has been compl et ed, t heof f i cer i n char ge of t he wor k wi l l per sonal l y super i nt end a t hor oughsear ch of t he ar ea t o i nsur e t hat no duds have been over l ooked.

( 9) Addi t i onal i nf or mat i on on dest r uct i on of unexpl oded l ar o-j ect i l es and bombs may be f ound i n FM9- 44 and FM5- 25,

322

TM9- 1900

Par s. 243- 244

CHAPTER S

REFERENCES

293. PUBI , I CA' r i ONS TNDJ. XES, The f ol l owi ng publ i cat i pr , s i n-dexes sht Kf l d be cr ynsul t ed f r equent l y f or l at est changes or r evi si onsof r ef er ences gi ven i n t hi s chapt er and f or new publ i cat i ons r el at i ngt o mat er i el cover ed i n t hi s manu; d ;

v . I nt r oduct i QT7 t o Or dnance Cat al og ( expl ai ni ngSNL syst em)

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ask' Cat , ORD Il l .

01- dnance SUPl j l y Cat al og Thdex . . . . . . . . . . . ASF CHt . ORD 2r . Or dnance Maj or I t ems mi d Combi nal i ons, and

Per t i nent Publ i cat i ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WDSB 9- 1r l .

Li st and I ndex of War Depar t ment Publ i cat i r ) ns FM21- 6e.

Li st of War Depat t i neut Fi l nvX, Fi l mSt r i ps, andRecogni t i on Fi l m Sl i des . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . FM21- 7

1' .

Mi l i t ar y Tr ai ni ng Ai ds . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . FM21- 8g.

I ndex l o Bombi ng Tabl es ( l i , ; t i ng cur r ent bomb-i ng t abl es f or bombs, cl ust er s, anr t l l ur es) . . . . . . I i l t j ex t o BT' s

244. STANDARD NOMENCLATURE LI STS. T

a.

Ar nmuni t i an f or t onwnl l ar ms .Ament i ni t i un. r evol ver , eut omal i c pi st oI , And sub.

machi ne guns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ASP Cat , ORD 11 SNI . ' I ` - 2Ammuni t i on, r i f l e, car bi ne, and aut omat i c gun

ASP Cat . ORD 11 SNL T- 1Ammuni t i on, smal l - ar ms, obsol et e and nonst and,

and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . ASF Cat ORD 11 SNL T- 6Mi scel l aneous ser vi ce component s of i mNI " r ms

ar t 1MUr l i t i on abd i nst r uct i on mat ( - r i al f or Fi el dSer vi ce Account

ASP Cal , O12D 11 SNL T- 4Packi ng mat er i al s used by Fi el d Ser vi ce f or

smal l - ar ms ser vi co ani r mi nl t l onASF Cat , ORD 11 SNL T- 5

Shel l s, shot gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ASP Cat , ORD 11 SNL T- 3

16,

f hr mbs, gr enades, pyr ot echni cs, Anr l r ocket s.Ammuni t i on i nst r uct i on mal ar i al f or gr enar l es,

pyr ot echni r q, end ai r cr af t bombsASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL S- 6

Bombs, ai r cr af t , al l t ypes . . . .

ASP Cat . ORD 11 S L S- 1*An up- t odat e hal i ng of r usr r nt St Xdar d Namcoal at or p L: l s i s mr , l nt ai ned i n AbF :. * t.

ORU 2 .

323

Par . 244

TM9- 1900Ref er ences

Fi nes and mi scel l aneous expl osi ve component sf or ai r cr af t bombs . . . . . . . . . .

ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL S- ?Fi n asst - mbl i es and mi scel l aneous i ner t compo-

nent s f or ai r cr af t bombs .

ASF Cot , ORD 11 SNL S- 3Gr enades, hand and r i f l e, send f usi ng coznponent o

ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL S- 4Pyr ot echni cs, mi l i t ar y, al l t ypes

ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL S- 5Rocket s, al l t ypes, ant i component s

ASP Cat . ORD 11 SNL S- 9Tor pedoes and mi nes . . .

. . . . . . ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL S- 1r . Cl eani ng, pr eser vi ng, and l ubr i cat i ng mat er i al s ;

r ecoi l f l ui ds, speci al oi l s, and mi scel l aneousr el at ed i t ems . . . . . . . . . . .

ASF Cat . ORD 5 SNI " K- 1

el . Ammuni t on f ar aui i ai r cr uf l , har hur def ense, heavy f i el d,and r ai l wi t y ar t i l l er y-

Ammuni t i on, f i xed, i ncl udi ng , i ubcal i ber ar nmu-ni t i on f or har bor def ense. heavy hel d, andr ai l way ar t i l l er y . . . .

. . . . ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL P- 6Ammuni t i on f or ant i ai r cr af t ar t i l l er y

ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL P- 5Ar nmani t i on nest r uct i on mat er i al f or ant i ai r cr af t ,

har bor def ense, heavy f i el d and r ai l way ar t i l -l er y, i ncl udi ng compl et e r ound dat a

ASF Cat . ORD 11. SNL P- 8Ammuni t i on. obsol et e and nonst andar d, f or

har bor def ense, heavy f i el d, al t i d r ai l way ar -t i l l er y .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . ASP Cat ORD 11 SNL l a- 9Char ges, pr opel l i ng, separ at e- l oadi ng, G- i r 3, t o

240- mm i ncl usi ve, f or har bor def ense, heavyf i e. I r 1, and r ai l way ar t i l l er y . .

ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL P- 2Char ges, pr opel l i ng, separ at e l oadi ng, 10- i n, t o

1G- i n, i ncl usi ve. f or har bor def ense, and r ai lway ar t i l l er y. -

. . . . . . .

.

.

. . . . ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL P- 4Fuzes . pr i mer s. bl ank ammuni t i on, and i ni scel -

l aneovs i t ems f or ant i ai r cr af t , har bor def ense,heavy f i el d, and r oi i way ar t i l l er y

ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL P- ' 7Packi ng mat er i al s used by f i el d ser vi ce f or ant i -

ai r cr af t , har bor def ense, heavy f i el d, and r gi l -way ar t i l l er y ser vi ce ammuni t i on

ASF Cat , ORD

11 SNL P- 10424

TM 4- 1900

Par . 244

t ank,

Ref er ences

Pr oj ect i l e, separ at e- l oadi ng, 6- i r . t o 240- mm i n-cl usi ve . . . . . . . . . . .

ASF Cat . OI 2D 11 SNL F- 1Pr oj ect i l e, separ at e- l oadi ng, 10- i n, t o 16- i n- i n-

cl usi ve . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

, . . . . ASF Cat _ ORD 11 SNL P- 3

t " . . Ar r 111LI i ni t l un f or par k, l i ght ant l medi um f i el d, ai r cr af t ,and ant i t ank ar t i l l er y .Ammuni t i on, bl ank . . . . .

ASP Cat . ORD 11 SNL R- 5Ar nr nuni t i on, f i xed and semi f i xed, al l t ypes

ASF Cat , OI 2D 11 SNL R- 1Ammuni t i on i nst r uct i on mat er i al s

ASF Cat ORD 11 SNL R- 6Ammuni t i on, t nor i ar , i ncl udi ng f uzes, pr opel l i ng

char ges and ot her component sASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL R- 4

Ammuni t i on, obsol et e and nnast wl dar dASF Cat . ORT) 11 SNL R- 8

Lxnd mi nes and f uzes . demol i t i on mat er i al , andammuni t i on f ur yi r Tl ul at ed ar t i l l er y and . gr e-nade f i r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL R- 7

Packi ng I nat or i o- l l s used by f i el d ser vi ceASF Cnt , ORD I 1 SNL R- 10

Pr oj cr i des xnd pr opel l i ng char ges, separ at el oadi ng, f or medi um f i c! l d Hr t i l l er y, i ncl udi ngcompl et e r ound Js9t a. . . . . . . . . ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL R- 2

Ser vi ce f uzes and pr i mer s

.

ASF Cat . ORD 11 SNL 123

f .

Tool s " 1111 Hu1x1Fl i es .Ammuni t i on sur vei l l ance, i e, 4l i ng, and i nspect i on

nqui pl t wyt t and suppl i es_ . . ASF Cat ORD 5 SNL 1V- 10Gener al t ool s and suppl i es f or or dnance al t i t t nu-

ni t i on company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ASP Cal . ORD 10 SNL N- 17Tool s and suppl i es f or or dnance ammuni l i ( l n r e-

novat i on pl at oon

.

. ASF Cut . ORD 10 SNL N- 5000ATool s end t ool set s f or or dnance 1>on, h di sposal

quad ( separ at e)

ASP Cat . ORD 10 SNL N- 500EB

Ot her ser vi ees-Chemi ct d War f ar e Ser vi ce Suppl y Cat al og. Li st

of I t ems f or Tr oop I ssue . . .

. . .

ASF Cat . CW3Engi neer Suppl y Cet el og_ St ack Li st of Al l

I t er ns .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ASF Cat . ENG 5375

Par . 245

TM 9- 1900Rei er encEX

245 . EXPLAkNATORY PUBLI CATI ONS.

a. Rc" ul al i ons .Adn1111i St FOt l ' j T1 . , post s, campq, and st at i on; . . . . AR 210- 10Fi r f ' gr ot ect i an e1t d f i r e f t i ght i Tng . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AR 30- 1580Honor s t o per sons

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AR 600- 30Li st of cur r ent pamphl et s Hn+l changes : di s1r i hu-

t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AR 1- 10Lost . dest r oyed, dar nAged, or unser vi ceabl e pr op-

er t y

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AR 35- 6640pr ecaut i ons i n hnadl i ng gawl i nw . . . . . . _ . . . . . , . . AR 850- 20Qual i f i cat i ons i n ar ms and ei nr nuni t i on ( r ei ni ng

al l awenceg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . .Range r egul at i ons f or f i r i ng ammuni t i on f or

t r ai ni ng at 3d t er get pr act i ce

. . . . . . .Sal ut es and Cer emoni es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ,Suppl i es, st or age and i ssue . . . . . . . . . . .Tr anspor t at i on by commer ci al means : gener alTr anspor t at i on by wat er of nxpl osi ves, i nf l am-

Tnshl es . and chemi cal Nvar f ar e mat er i al s . . . . . . .Tr anspor t at i on of publ i c pr oper t y ( except ani -

mal s) and r emai ns . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l r . Ammuni t i on, H11 I vpes .

Ammuni t i on :

Gener al

. . .

.

.

.

. . . . . . . . . . . .WDSSAn-i muni t i or s Suppl y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ai r i mut i i t i on : Suppl y wi t hi n Cont i nent al Uni t ed

St at e: . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . WDSSAmmuni t i on Condi t i on Repor t . . .

O_O. For mAmmuni t i on I dent i f i cat i on Code ( AI C) WD513Appl i cat i on of Suspensi ons and Rel eases on

Ar nmuni 6on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WDSSAr t i l l er y Ammuni t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Compl et e Round Char t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0, 0. For mDecont ami nat i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .Decont ami nat i on of Ar mor ed For ce Vehi cl es . . .Def ense Agai nst Chemi cal At t ack . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . .Expl osi ves and Demol i t i ons . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . .Fi r st Ai d f or Sol di er s . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .I dent i f i cat i on of ammuni t i on l ot number pr e-

f i xes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I nspect i on Gui de, Ammuni t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AR 775- 10

AR 750- 10AR 60025AR 700- 10AR 55- 105

AR 55- 470

AR 55- 155

9- AMM 1FM9- 6

9- AMM 6No. 5179- AMM 5

9- AMM 11TM9- 1901No. 5981TM3- 224FM17- 59FM21- 40FM5- 25FM21- 11

OFSB 3- 16TM 9- 1904

TM 9- 1900

Par . 245

Ref er ences

I nspect i on of Pr opc11i ng Char ges t end l 3Ti l kPowder

. . . . . . . . . . . . . WDSB 9- AMM7I ] t i spct: t i on of Or dnance Mat er i el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TM9- 1100Magazi ne pl acar d

0. 0, For mNo. 5991Mi l i t ar y Cl l er ni st r y aci d Chemi cal Agent s . . . . . . . . TM3- 215Mi l i t ar y Expl oi Xi ves .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TM9- 2900Mi l i t ar y Sani t at i un and Fi r st Ai d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FM' I , 1- 10Mi scel l aneous Chemi cal Muni t i ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TI 41 . 1- 300Ani f nuni l i an: Nct Pr i ces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WDSB 9- AMM 3Or d: i ar i ce Anki nui t i t i on Company, Or dnance Am-

muni t i on Bat t al i on

FM9- 20Or dnance Company, Depot . . . . . . . .

, . FM9. 2. 5Or dnance Fi el d Mai nt enance . . . . . . . . . .

. . FI VI 9- 10Or dnance Ser vi ce i n t he Fi el d. . . . .

YRI I 9- 5Or dnance Saf et y Manual . . . . . . . .

. .

No. 7224Repor t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WDSB 9- AMM8St or age and Shi pment of Danger ous CI I CET) i r hl s TNI 3- 250Sur vei l l ance Manual

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OFSF3 3- 20Unexpl oded Bombs, Or gani zat i on and Oper at i on

f or Di sposal

. .

. . . . . . FM9- 40Unsaf e Ammuni t i on

. .

.

. . . . . . . . . WDSB 9- AMM2Use of Chemi cal Agent s and Muni t i ons i n Tr ai n-

i ng

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TM3- 305

Ammuni t i vn. t i hevi al t ype. Y.

Ai r r r af t Ar mament and Pyr ot echni cs

. . . . TM1- 409Ai r cr af t 13umbs and Bnmh Componr ut s . .

OFSB 3- 8Ammuni t i on : Ant i ai r cr af t , Heavy Fi el d, Sea-

coast , and RHi l wHy Ar t i l l er y . . . . .

. . . . OFSB 3- 2Bombs f ar Ai r cr af t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TI f I 9- 1980Coast Ar t i l l er y Ammuni t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TM4- 205Cont r ol l ed Submar i ne Mi ne Mat er i el . . . . . . . . . . . TM4- 220Cor ps of Engi neer s Ref er ence Dat a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FM 5- 35Fi el d Ar t i l l er y and Fi el d Mor t ar Ar nmur dt i on

Ql ' SB 3- 3Fi el d Ar t i l l er y Tr ai ner , M3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TM6- 225Gr enades . Hand and Ri f l e

.

TM9- 1085Hand and Ri f l e Gr enades, RUt X. ket , AT, HE,

2_36- i nch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FM23- 30I ncendi ar y Bombs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TM3- 330I nst r uct i ons f or Use of Rocket Tar get , MX by

Ant i ai r cr af t T) ni t s

. . .

. . . . . TM4- 136327

Par . 245

Ref er ences

I nst r uct i on Gui de, Smal l Ar ms Acci dent s, Mal -

. . . . .. . . . .

. . . . .Pyr ot echni c Pr oj ect or s, Al l Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Repai r of Submar i ne Mi ne Cases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. 5- i n- Ai r cr af t Racket Mat er i el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Si gnal Communi cat i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Si gnal Cvmr nuni cat i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Smal l - Ai , i ns Ammuni t i on . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Smal l - Anne Ammuni t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WDSBSmal l Ar ms. Li ght Fi el d Mor t ar s, al %d 20- mm

Ai TCTAN. Guns .

. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . .St andar d Ar t i l l er y and Fi r e Cont r ol Mat er i el . . .

. . . . . T

9- 2210. . . . TM9- 1944

FM5- 31TM 9- 1981OFS13 3- 9FM23- 85FM23- 90TM9- 290TM9- 1401TM9- 393Vi A 1- 45FM24- 5TM9- 19909- AMMh

r l .

Cl eani ng, t an" er vi ug, and l ahr i eat i ug mat er i al s.

Cl eani ng, Pr eser vi ng, Seal i ng, Lubr i cat i ng andRel at ed Mat er i al s I ssued f or Or dnance Ma-t er i el

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

.

. .

. .

. . .

. .

. .

. .

. .

.

.

.

. . TM9- 850

Sol vent : dr y cl eani ng . . . . . Feder al Speci f i cat i on 1P- S- 661 a

e. Tr anHpor t at i on.

Expl osi ves or ot her danger ous ar t i cl es on boar d

TM9- 1900

TM9- 2200TM9- 2300

vessel s . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

U. S. Dept , of Commer ceRegul at i ons f or t r anspor t at i on of expl osi ves and

ot her danger ous ar t i cl es by l end and wat eri n r ai l Fr ei ght , expr ess, and baggage ser vi ces,and by mot or vehi cl e ( hi ghway) and wat er

I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi on

Met hods f or l oadi ng and sl ayi ng car l oad andl ess t han car l oad shi pment s of expl osi ves andot her danger ous ar t i cl es ( Pamphl et No. 6)

Bur eau of Expl osi ves30 Vesey St r eet , New Yor k Ci t y

321

f unct i ons and Thei r Causes .Land Mi nes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .

Land Mi nes and Rwhy Tr apsmi l i t ar y Pyr ot echni cs . . . . . . .Mi l i t ar y Pyr ot echni cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60- mr a Mor t ar M2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81- mmMor t ar M1 . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TM 9- 1900

Par . 245Ref er ences

Met hods f or l oadi ng and br a6ng car l oad andl ess t han car l oad shi pment s of l oaded pr oj ec-t i l es ; l or ded bombs, et c, { Pamphl et No. 6A)

Bur eau of Expl osi ves30 Vr - sey St r eet , NewYor k Ci t y

Mot or car r i er saf et y r egul at i ons ( Per t 7) t r ans-por t at i on of expl osi ves and ot her danger ousar t i cl es

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi onI . C. C. Fr ei ght Tar i f f No. 3 . . . I T) t ef st at e Commer ce Commi ssi onLC. C. Fr ei ght Tar i f f No. 4 . .

I nt er st at e Commer ce Commi ssi onI nt er st at e Comt nel ' ce Commi ssi on r egul at i ons f or

t r anspor t at i on of expl o3i ves and ot her dangerous ar t i cl es by f r ei ght . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bur eau of Expl osi ves

30 V" ey St r eet , New Yor k Ci t yRegul at i ons gover ni ng t r anspor t at i on of mi l i t ar y

expl osi ves on boar d vessel s dur i ng pr esentemKr gt Xncy

.

.

.

.

. . . . . .

. . . . . . . .

U. S. Coast Guar dl Regul al i at t s f or t he secur i t y of vessel s i n

por t . . . . . . . .

.

. . . . .

.

.

V. S. Coast Guar dSt andar d speci f i cat i on f or mar ki ng shi pment s by

cant r act ur s

. U. S. Ar my Speci f i cat i on No. 104- 2ETr anspor t at i on i n t ho Zone of t he I nt er i or . . . . . TM55- 205

f . Fi r e- f i ght i ng .Cr osby "Fi ske- For . i t er Handbook of Fl r o Pr ot ec-

t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not i onal Fi r e Pr ot ect i on Associ at i onFi r e- f i ght i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul i n J . McCar t hy . Asst _,

Chi ef of Dept . i n Command, N. Y. Fi r e DeVt .Fi r e Pr ot ect i on by Tr oop Or gani zat i ons i n

Tl i cat ei s of Oper at i ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FM 5- 315I ndust r i al Fi r e Br i gades. 1st Edi t i on

Nat i onal Fi r e Pr ot ect i on Associ at i onSuggest i ons f ar Fi r e Fi ght i ng and Fi r e Ext i n-

gui shment . . .

. . . Navy Dept _ Bur eau of Yar ds and Docksmi r wel l s" cous .Abhr evi at ed Fi r i ng Tabl es . .

, . . . . . . . . TM6- 215Gr aphi cal Fi r i ng Tabl es

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . TM9- 526Di ct i onar y of Uni t es! St at es Ar my Ter ms . . . . . . . TM 20- 2115Bomb Racks, TowTar get Equi pment , and Fl ar e

Racks

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . TM1- 500Tact i t - s of Chemi cal War f ar e. . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

FM3- 5Chemi cal War f ar e Ser vi ce : Suppl y and Fi el d

Ser vi ce

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FM 3- 15' nat n 0 - 46 - 21

329

TM 9- 1400

A Pays

Aci amsi ke { 171h] , LLc- xpi hl i i ) r e . . . . . . . . . 52i l l111252170

. 1044

Adapt er - boast er s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .Ada151l : Rx, dew. r i pt i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acr i H1 r ni r l r x XX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ai r cr af t si gnal s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AmMot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

AmmcmFl , Cl r ar ac' t r nxl i i : x . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ai l t r noni ur n pi cr at e ( Sec F- 010,

si vc 1} )

Ai umuni t i onr ar e, handl i ng. and pr eser vat i on .cl asses_ quant i t y and di st Rr LUL . . .

i ner t component s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .smal l : I r mS . ,

, .

,

. , . . . . . . l u1 nnr nl 7Cr f l ni j dat a C*t r d . . . . . . . . . . . .

( See al so Ar mor - pi er ci ng ammu-ni t i on, Acdl i cr y ammuni t i on,Smal kar ms ammuni t i on andMor t ar ammuni t i on)

I NDEX

213262

2R9a86

330

Ami t 1f l 3xr r l ) Uel mi TH"

descr i pt i on

al

bnl al xl i l l g, c, r st .i u,Or i , and pr 0aai r r. . . . . . . . . . . . .

packi ng and mar ki ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Peso

241201

Ant i t ank mi nesdescr i pt i on

mct 3l i i X.

. . . . .

. . . .

. . . . .

. . .

. . . . . . . . . . .

194r uonr nn! t i l bC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195Pr act i ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

dest r uct i on

. . . . . . .

.

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

. 32 i 1I mcki nk and mar ki ng . . . . . . . . . 198

A1' n3or - pi t i i ei ng aenr r ur i i t i on . . . . . . . . . ; i qXAr mor - r , i t r ci ng bambs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13f i

Bal l car t r i dge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CI O

f i r i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 248Bl i st er gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5013100( 1 a1Lt ndr Vo I i Ui EVn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

51

mar k OE enndx". l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .

Mel nci ; 3l % V%t J i n dr 3" T00nk4. . . . . . .

p3cki 11q 3ni l cn ; kr l ci ng . . . 121,I t ni r t t ui g . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9307263

6

LaangaLocc Xor pcdocs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B3r r i t t adn3, Hgl ci l cni r nt f i r . . . . . .P. I nck l i oWdr r ( S . PowdCC, b) ack)Bl ank ammuni t i on

204

293

l or i e, r i t y of i ssue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 t - ur r. , l 5Rnr l l i ng, hr i ! xf : cvl l i i i n 120 . 304

pr ot ect i on ( sms11- 3OWN) . . . . . . . . . . . , 299 r ol abi uat i on st or age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

r r nocel i ni l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 290 campl et C TOl l r cd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117dcat r uct i an . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314st nr agc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Bl enk car t r i dgr at ct r yt ol - Ll 1cd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315dcscr i pi i nr l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

cl assi f i cat i on and i dr nt i f i cRt i { , n . . , 3code symbol s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. . . . .combi nat i on st or age of ammuni -

Ar mi i r . yi Gr l - i ut < l ar t r i t i p, C ( S( cfcar t r i d&ea)

Ar l i l l er y MMUnt i ni ki ont i on and expl osi ves . . . . . . . . . . 249 cl Nxsi Ecat i on and i dcnt i l i cat i on . . 95

dr sr mcki on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 . af 16 Compl et e Round% ( f i xed and semi -L1, l 1t t pi ng 3t sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30' f i xc` d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

dr 3r t r r t i : i i nn Ri f - , hr i 15 313i i r c hazar d gr oups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .di f t i cul ci cs i n l nal ui g or eAl r act -gcncr 3l di sr ccsxi on of smsL1- ar ms S4 i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , I . . . . . . . . . . . 301

gr adi ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r xer ni nat i on, packi ng, nr i d hl aC-guar d pi o1cct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 i n1; . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299i nx Fsnct i r yn nr i kr l r er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

B - Cant d-

Bor nbscombi nat i on st r r r ahe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .descr i pt i on

chcmi csl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141cr pl osi vc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . , . . 135] ncent l i Hr y . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 151pr act i o6 and dr i l l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153pyr 4, l r r i r ni r and t ar get - i dent i -

RCwt i nn . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 15 . 1dO. st , ut l i n . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , 315Ecucr al di *ct j wxi us, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131i dent i f i cat i on an+i r l assi f caLi go . . 133i nspL: ct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2S8pai nt i ng ar , d mar ki ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bj , r r GU1r 1i i mx f ur [ 33- Ur l i eC f i r kTLg . . . . 3( 15xl zsr : XaF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257( - S- s1so Phut oHash bnr r l xs}

1300St Cr sdCECr i pt i i , n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111et t 1r al Kc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . , . I . i R

Bour r cl ct , dt f i i t i l m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l nl

Bsor r i bcnzyl cyan, de ( BBC) . . . , . . . . . . . . 521Svl l r t s, t l t wr i pl i i i f l , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54FSi l r At cr 4

combi nat i on st or age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .d4XSXL . r i pt i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cani st er , gl escr i p1i of t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cni [ r i dge case . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . , . .

. . , . . . . . . . .

60Car l r i Mar s

cr i m1, i na6o, sl or oge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249dc' or r i ] >r i nn

KMi pr - [ r i dr ci r LK; hal l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64ar r nr n- hi nn, X. i ng i nC¬ndi ar y ;

Kr mr r c- pi r r c" ng- 6l r eci Cl i 3r y-t r act r

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6lbl ank . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6tdummy, 6i Xh- ] 1TP. t sur P t CBt , and

gal l t r y pr act i ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

62gr enade: shot . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66guar d ; subcal i bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

f i r i ng

bl ank

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

299gener al di sct l ssi cm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54psi nt i ne, and r nar ki TI K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7t r acer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61t yl ) Gs

. . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60

252

Xstl ] i

TM 9- 1900

CI 1r. 311i r af agr nt sd[ s ¬Yi pt i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .dcl i ni t i on and cl assi l i ¬at i on . . . . . . .

ChcMi - S] ai ur nuni t i onr - r l mhi nat i oi i st or age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .di . 9t I I Ji - Li on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i 1Ap¬cI i 0o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pai r Oi ug : 21{ i r oaskul g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .] r r r r aai i or bs Ct i r I nact i cc r ui ng. . . .Nt 41r " Kv.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258,Chemi cal r ocket s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C. hl 03sr r t Ophenonr ( Cl t i ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L' hl nr i r i r . ( Cl ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chl or pi cr i n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,Choki ng gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Combi nat i on st t , r ugr cl u) r t . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Composi t i on A- A- 2, Hod A- 3 . . . . . . . . .composi t i on B . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cumposi t i on C, C- 2, and C- 3. . . . . . . . .Cyanogen cl 0mi dv ( CK) . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . .

Pogo

4 :16

251319Zd949

301263187

515051Su

15n454545S1

Demol i t l un r nal r ` t i al xcombi nt t Li ur , sl or sgedemol i t i on bl ocks

MA and 143 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310M4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

dt sl r scLoi s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20- 1, 2Uf i , 110244136252

252

gener al di , cussi on . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dent ] , 1wi Ynhs, dcsr r i pt i on . . . . . . . . . . . . ,Dept h C1, ar kr X , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dmi r uct or s

AN- M]

.

. . . .

. . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

204AN- M2 and AN- 7, 43M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 206M4 and M5 . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Det onat or sst or age . . . . . X . X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258use of t ct r yl i n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

: 34L?i phcny1chi or ar si nt ( DA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 52Di phoagcnc ( DP)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . . . .

50T) i xt r i k, ut u1g pai nt s . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261Duds, dcat r uct i un . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298, 321Dunsmy car t r i dbca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . . . .

62Dynanl i l e

VI mTACt $r i sl i OX and use , . . , . .ei Xmhi ugl i i ] ] , st or age . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .r I CSt r 4LGt i Xi r i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .at vr ao

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

432V312253

TM 9- 1900

l 1C' st r l 1Ct i m,

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

311

st or age

, . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 253

Expl osi ve r ocket s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Rxt , l i i 6vt ; t t ai t t x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

' 24

1' XXp] a?Sj VC9cl as9r s ; quanr i t y- Xl i xt , t r a : r . . . 240, 207,

comhmat i on st nr age u( hul k . . . . . . . . 252

dchni t i on t t nr J cl uxsi f i t - ; ) 1i or t . . . . . . . . 26

dest r uct i onhul k . . . . . . . . . .demol i t i on . . . .

mi l i t ar y r Cgt 6r t r ne : r t l 5

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214, 212

1X

Expl osi ves, hi gh

e11ar act ef i st i cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, ' l adet onat i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

gener al di scussi on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 47

i nspect i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

331

S: t r enl , i , i : 11i . nt

kl Or aggi..

. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . - . . .

2S1

descr i pt i onI A, mb, nKi sr. , Mend 1ai 1 . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

KCTI Cr gl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

hydr ost at i c and concussi on. . . . . . 155

i nsPr ci ; r m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Jt 3i : hi ag and mar ki ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1150

saf et y f eat ur es . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . . , . . . . 107

st t ; : as1- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ass

( : a11i . 3y Fee. Wl i r. C t: r l t l r i dgu . . . . . . . . . . . .

t i t

Cr onadc, chemi cal hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

76

Gr Cnf t dr , C- f u: ni i Cai r i f l e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

£0

Cr emade,

expl osi ve

hand

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

i P,

Gr t nade, r xpJt mi vr r i f l e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81)

Gr e. r 3adr. , pr act i r c and t r ai ni ng

r i f l e . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . 8( I

F

Fi r e pr ot ect i onat suppl y and di st r i but i ng l t ei i r ds

r ouses of f i r es . . . , .

261215

Gr el ) adc . sr aoLc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Gr enade Car t r i dke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 66

Gr ewi dr pmj e. t ai on : r dAl ar r

CPr r Pr t r l l , X, C( I 1di nr t ; i n hanal l i nr i

f i r e- l i ght i ng . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 214 i dent i f i cat i on Land pecki ng . . . 83f i r . pr cvcnt i on r a: KUl l +t i , mx . . . . . . . . . . 216 descr i pt i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82f r ont f i r es i nvol vi ng r . xl , l r nXi vr x . . 220 Gr enades: dr r 31i f i eat i an of ma. r azi nr a . . . 221 i l r I f r i l i l i r m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . 75

Fi r i ng, pr ac : i cc . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 dest r uct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Pi r i nK i l i 1s) Ugl i ; 7CCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 i i t spcX- t i aXn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

Fi xasd dml r I t nl t i i l l t t 73f c3i i t i - i 5 f or JI r at l i ce f ar i ng. . . . . 104

i nq, r ct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1155 11Sr t and f uzi nst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76mi %f i r r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 C: , i i i nd xi pSa15 ( Ser. Ri gr t Ul x)

st or age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251, 256 Cr uar d car t r i dges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Fl ar es, descr i pt i on Guncot t on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Kr nr r : : l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162H

Kn, und t ype . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 175Har a95i ng f a9Cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1

Fl ash si gnal s ( See Si enal s)Hexachl omt hanv- xi ne mi xt ur e . . . . . . . 52

Fi agr m. r oat i r m bombs Hi gh expl osi ve ( Soe Expl osl vr x,ce, r nbi ni +t i on st or uge . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 hi Kh)descr i pt i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1315 Hi os t , r t ` Xsur t 1r xt Car f r l l [ KC . . . . . . . . q2

Fv' . Sr r , r r t l , M12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Hydr ocyani c aci d ( AC) . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . . 51

E Pwaq Faga

Ednat ol . char uX- t r r i 5t i r. . and use . . . . . . 44 l 3 uzr x

Expl osi vr n car e, handl i nx, and l t r t sEr cat i or i 303

char uct t : r i St i c% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 r f ami r i r at i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

ITl l uni ui : Lt i np XheXi i s . . . . , . , . . . 105, 177

I nccndi 3r i cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 53

Tnct ndi ar y ar nmuni don . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

r 1x- CoLl i 3r y r nr l r i dX, , c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

i ner t mat er i al s, %163 . Lj &. . . . . . 26U

I nsxl i t SL- t i t m and BUTVCj Ll anl : C . . . . . . 183

Tnt CT: St at c Commer t c Con) i ni ssi ur t tn,. gul ai i or a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . °t

L

Land mi nes

Cl assi hcat i an

. . . . . . .combi nat i on xi ol x&

( See . 1sr r

Ant i - pcr eonnc[sr t d Ant i t Knk mi nes)

LaW) ( - hcr s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Lead asi de " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : i xLr hi ai t e ( L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Li ght - cWl hnr nl i 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Mi

194, 201

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2S1

r ni ncs

?4l ar azI nc ar eas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

MnKgxi nC5

Ar r on?CMCnt , Car e, and mui r , t C-nancc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

kNJ3} 5t r uct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2311r Lkl i Pr t i r ni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284yuanr i t y- di st ance cl ai ; r 5 aci d

1, 1151e*Kr TLr r al

di scussi on

. . . . . . .

.

.

l 3- 1t abl es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 . M, 242

mpai r s

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

MAi 1L4CTi WTt CC- dcf i ni i i r m . . . .

290290hr r , r cur y f uf mi nal r . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

ALi r as ( Si r Aer i al mi nes and Landt t l i r t r ; )

Mor t ar amamni t i oncomhi nar i on st ompc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251descr i pt i on at t i l r 1aaai f i cat i on . . . . .

%5dcst r ucl i ar i

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315pr ecaki l i onr f i r pr act i ce Car i ng . . . . . i nspr ui cc6on. pr ccaut i ans i r & l i ancJ-

l i ng, t ) ar ki r nk and mar ki ng. . . . 42

7dat or 1r n<- k %hi pni cnt s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279I VLLI l i l t l c Jal t nCf l er s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1"

MLt at ar d g3k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5( t

I ndex

POUF

333

+{

Page

i t COBt af dl e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

I M 9- 7900

Ox: di r i nJ4 agr nt s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

PFai nt i ng ; i r Ld r r : ur ki nK. . 6, , ' . 9, 47, 53

Pcnt ol i t X . . . . . . 4 : i

f Cnt ol i t c- l i l LCd ' i nnn, Lni t I on . . . . , . . . . 31 . 5

PFTI +f ( Pr nt vXr yt hr i t e 1ar ani r r At e)ch; i r ut ' t vr i at l cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Li 4r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

phoskenc ( CC) .

, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50

Phasl dmr u- , i r e hazar ds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42' 1

P1, r r t ot t ash bombs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 161

Pi ef at uf . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Pi L : r i r M- i d ( t r i ni t f opl ) cnOL) . . . . ,

S I

Powdert haf 3cr Ni st i r x zi t doubl e . bast

3r l Ll hni i Xkr f e" ' ss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35. 36

i mj xct i on i r f amokcl ess . . . . . . . . 284, 287st or age . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254Li wvs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 3f i

Powder , ] cl ackr af t , hon, I Li nr , and pr cser vvt i on, X52

Char act er i st i cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

ci r st r uct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . 311" Lar 3gc . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

er r s

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37Pow&r 1r nLl ucr nt ur c i ndi cat or s . . . . . . 711

Pr aet i eL: r «L-knt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Pl ' i [ TI r r mi xt ur es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . S$

Pr l nl cr - dCt an3Lr i r %. at ar a e . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 258

Pr i mr t edcxi ai 311i f m . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 . 115desl cur t i pn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; i 17Var , ge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . . . . . . . 251, LSR

t yp[ a

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Pr uj r r f i l e- a[ r nor - pi r r i : i nk

. . . , . . . .

1116

Pr oj ect i l e- L". 7r r i st cr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Pr uj uLl i l t , dr i l l of dr LOt my , .

I VPr oj cct i l c, 169h- vr l oci t y ar mor -

pi e : r L : i nk , hot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Fr aj cr t i l r. , 1 : Lr pet pr ac : i cc . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

TM 9- 1904

P^ Cant d.

POUN

Pr ( i j e- l i l exCOMV; ni 1r , ( j t 7 9Wl Age ( xP. 173, ' 3t e-

l oadi r 7g)

251gXncr al dj S, - USai r vr X ,, t ) d con, po-

r l et 7t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:t ypr s

.

. . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . .

. . . ,

105

1' r npr 11ant 9vCnr r ol di sr usai nn . . . . . . . .smal l - am, s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pr oPal l r r 1t powder , bul k

Pp, l , " Xl hr l g Ol l ar gcebl endi ng ; er r at i c.. and CXCE95; Vr .

pr essur es ; maxi mumr at i vcs 300car e and pr ecaut i ons i r e bundl i ngcombi l , ut i o, 7 st or age ( ar l , a, 37e-

l 45n4r l i r 6g)

251dcj Cr i pt i nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 184d, Xst r uct i on ( z, t. par 3t c- l oadi ng) . . . . 312gener al dACUSSI Ur r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Packi r np, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Upr emat ur e i gni t i on and Aa, c-

backs

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .at nr agc ( scpar al c- l r 1adi ug) . . . . . . . ,TYTWX

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 11- 3

I ndex

125

294154

Pr opel l i ngchar ( t o expl osi ve t r ai ns . . 29

PTX- 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a6

PTX- 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

46

Publ i cst t i on

f i l e

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Fogs. f oi l

shi pment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .

.

. . . . . . . .

2 : 3RDX ( oycl oni t e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

334

Repor t of r msel vi r eabl c and dcf ec-t , vC " MI TI Mi l , t i Ot l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

Rocket scl u , xi 6cat . i nt l

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

191dc&cr i pt i on

expl r Ai vr . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . 181pr uaa, Ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186t ar gel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

r l r. 5t r ut ' t i ML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315i dent i f i cat i on and component s. . . . 1961 . . Cki i ( an, l el r i p3, i " V . . . . . , . . 193Pr ecaut i ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190at 4j r RRC . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251, 260

5

Saf et y pr ecaut i ons i n dest r oyi ngammuni t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3011

$af r l y r e ul ; r t i t ms , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293r t f . L?, 7i r f r ' , ' Rr et okr r , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ao-

. . . .: cahng

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368Sr nt i . a, nu, r . l X; cr xi nx bombs . . . . . . . . . . 136SC17l i f i kCd u- ni r ni t i on

i T, x7Mct i Un . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X . 265mi sf i r es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301st or age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2D1, 25G

Shaped r har gcs

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' 3 L3Pyr nLP. Ol Ul i c composi t i ons . - . . - . . . . . .PYr ot et ' I mi 4 " si gnal s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pyr ot vr hr Xi csccar r , t - ndl i ng, and pr eger vat i nn

1621r , 2

1R0

Shel l , ar t i l l cl y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SI , r I l , chr mi r al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Shr f t , hi gh- expt oei vc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .Shel l , hi gh- expl osi ve- a' nt i t a, 1k

31310,105

cl assi f i cat i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 ( HF, AT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

dr xt r r , Ct i r , [ i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 x1 She] 1, i l l umi nat i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , , I US, 17il i r e hazar ds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Shc] l , i nol t ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251i CJCt j t i 6Cat ; I m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 , , Mi l l , separ at e l oadi ng1n. qpCCi j Dr l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JSY 1nSPCet } n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288packi ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Mr l r f l ge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256l i ai nt i t 7g and mar ki ng . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . 8 Shel l . shot gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66pr ecaut i ons f or pr act i ce ( f i r i ng. . . 304 Shi ppi ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270st or age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249, 258 Shr apnel , at eWr i pt i un . . . , . , . , . . . . . . 106

Smoke ammuni t i on . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 249

Smoke l t i <<F CI ) ar gcs . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . 252

5mokcl cmponderchar act er i st i cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 36

i nspect i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284, Z87

st or age . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 36

Sound si gnal s ( Sae Si gnal s)

Sl ot t i ng char ges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Subml i t er Car t r i dgr s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Submar i ne mul e expl osi ves . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Sul f ur t r i oxi de- chl or sul f oni c acedmi xt ur e ( FS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Suppl y Voi nt s . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2J61

I ndex

335

u. 4. W. ' 1RNMFt l r Pf r mpr ; nmcr . u I ' m

Tor pedoesCQwbi nal i on st or age ( aer i al ) . . . . 2S2descr i pt i on ( bangsl or e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2( 14

Ta r pex .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . . . . . .

44

Tr a" r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Tr aCCE car t r i dge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

61

Tr i t 0i bl i x: ks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Tr l t Gnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

W

Wat er sl i i 1mt i pnt s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Whi t e phoaphvr us ( WP) . . . . . . . . 52

WP ammuni t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

S - Ccmt d. T ?Poe

Si gnal s, descr i pt i on Tar get r anges , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

ei MYSf t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Tar get r acket s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

di st r csb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Tct r yldr i f t - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I N char set er i St i CS, det VMat i 9n, andgr ound, sound, and [ l ash . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 177 use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , 39

Sl i ck mar ker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 : 5 dest r uct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Smal l - ar ms ammuni t i on st or age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

dest r uct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Toi r yt ol , char act er i st i cs ar ul use. . . . 43f i r e haxar +13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Tct r yt ol - f i l l ed 4TTLr oani t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . 315KYPf l el j C9. r P at nd } 7r nCaut i OAI s i n Ti t ani um t et r g. Cl i l or i de ( FM) . . . . . . . . 5?

handl i ng . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67TNT ( t r i ni t r ot ol a*ne)i dent i f i cat i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

i Mal wxt i on .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286,par ki ng and mar ki ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29769

char act er i st i cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .dest r uct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .exudat i on, det onat i on, and use . ,

3431l

4Dpr ecaut i ons i n f i r i ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 i wspecl i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289vr nt cct i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

St amp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253st ar agc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . . . , . . 255

Tool s f or r enovat i on of ammuni -Smal l - ar ms pr opel l ant s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

t i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

tm9-1900 ammunition general, june 1945

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