tlib2807b - maintain and use hand tools - learner guide

TLIB2807B

Maintain and use

hand tools Learner Guide

Contents

What this Learner’s Guide is about ........................................ 1 Planning your learning ........................................................... 2 How you will be assessed ...................................................... 4

Section 1............................................................................................. 5 Select and use hand tools...................................................... 5

Section 2........................................................................................... 19 Maintaining and storing hand tools ...................................... 19

Additional resources....................................................................... 34

Feedback on activities .................................................................... 36

TLIB2807B Maintain and use hand tools

© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 1 Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L April 2009 ADELG1002

What this Learner’s Guide is about

This learning guide is about the skills and knowledge required to maintain and use hand tools in accordance with workplace requirements, including selecting and using hand tools to complete workplace tasks, maintaining basic hand tools in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions, and securing and storing hand tools in accordance with workplace procedures.

The following elements of competency from the unit TLIB2807B Maintain and use hand tools are covered in this learning guide:

Select and use hand tools

Maintain hand tools

Secure and store hand tools

This unit of competency is from the Transport and Logistics Training Package (TLI07).


Page 2 © Australian National Training Authority 2003 ADELG1002 Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L April 2009

Planning your learning

It is important to plan your learning before you start because you may already have some of the knowledge and skills that are covered in this Learner’s Guide. This might be because:

• you have been working in the industry for some time, and/or

• you have already completed training in this area.

Together with your supervisor or trainer use the checklists on the following pages to help you plan your study program. Your answers to the questions in the checklist will help you work out which sections of this Learner’s Guide you need to complete.

This Learner’s Guide is written with the idea that learning is made more relevant when you, the learner, are actually working in the industry. This means that you will have people within the enterprise who can show you things, discuss how things are done and answer any questions you have. Also you can practise what you learn and see how what you learn is applied in the enterprise.

If you are working through this Learner’s Guide and have not yet found a job in the industry, you will need to talk to your trainer about doing work experience or working and learning in some sort of simulated workplace.



Section 1: Select and use hand tools

Are you able to: Yes No

1. choose correct tools for work to be carried out to complete workplace tasks and to ensure efficient and safe working conditions?

2. select and use appropriate personal safety protection to minimise the risk of personal injury?

Section 2: Maintain hand tools


1. clean and maintain equipment in accordance with manufacturer's specifications and/or local instructions to ensure correct functionality of equipment?

2. repair, replace or report any unserviceable tools to relevant personnel to ensure correct functionality?

Section 3: Secure and store hand tools


1. transport tools in a safe, secure, efficient manner to minimise risk of injury to personnel and damage to equipment?

2. store and secure tools according to manufacturer's or workplace procedures to prevent damage to, and losses of, equipment?



How you will be assessed

Assessment of this Unit of Competency will include observation of real or simulated work processes using workplace procedures and questioning on underpinning knowledge and skills. It must be demonstrated in an actual or simulated work situation under supervision.

You will be required to demonstrate that you can:

• select and use tools appropriate to the task performed

• maintain tools used in the workplace

• secure and store tools

• report damaged tools, request replacement or hire/purchase of new tools according to workplace procedures.



Section 1

Select and use hand tools



Section outline

Areas covered in this section

Selecting and using hand tools including:

selecting and accessing tool that suits the task

safe working practices



How do you select and use hand tools?

How do you access the right tool for the task?

Hand tools are defined as those operating without an external power supply or motor. Examples include:

• hammers

• chisels

• wrenches

• screw drivers

• rulers

• hand saws

• callipers

• socket sets.

Each of these tools requires the user to supply the movement. Some of these tools have a motorised version such as power saws.

The range of hand tools available is vast. Hand tools as opposed to power tools are used where:

• power is not available (although cordless power tools with a chargeable battery are now widely available)

• a degree of finesse or delicate touch is required that is not available via a power tool

• the working area will not allow power tools to be used (power tools tend to be bigger than hand tools of the same function)

• a risk could be posed through electric sparks

• the power tool version is not available or not yet made.

In some workplaces, team members will be supplied with the tools required for jobs around the workplace with an option of purchasing tools required for specialised tasks or hiring these from an equipment hire company. This is particularly useful for expensive tools or those used infrequently.

Contractors and some tradespeople are employed on the basis that they have the required tools for the tasks involved in the job.



The next activity looks at how you access tools in your workplace.



Activity 1: How do I get a hold of that tool?

Discuss with your trainer and other relevant people in your workplace (maintenance supervisor, stores personnel, etc) the process for accessing tools (new types of tools rather than replacements) that are not available in the workplace.

When are tools bought rather than hired?

How do you find out if a tool that you need is already available? Is there a catalogue or register of tools?

What do you do if you don’t know what type of tool you need for a given task – for example, if a specialised nut has to be removed but a standard spanner or wrench will not match the shape of the nut?

Summarise your responses in the space below.

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There is feedback on this activity at the back of this Learner’s Guide.



The right tool for the task is important, as using the wrong tool may result in damage to the object you are working on and possibly a costly replacement will be required.

Examples might include:

• trying to use a standard screwdriver to undo or tighten a Phillips Head screw (screw head may become damaged and require drilling out)

• using a wrench as a hammer (the wrench will probably shatter and could cause damage)

• using a hacksaw to cut wood (the cut will probably not be straight and clean)

• using a chisel to make a hole in metal plate (chisel will be damaged and need grinding and resharpening)

• using an adjustable spanner instead of finding the correct size spanner or wrench (can result in burring the head or losing shape and requiring sawing off or drilling out).

If in doubt, ask for advice.

If the right tool isn’t available, get the right tool through making a purchase or hiring it.

The next activity asks you to investigate the use of the wrong tool for the job.



Activity 2: Wrong tool for the task

Discuss with your fellow team members what can happen when the wrong tool is used for a job. You may also have some examples that you know of from your past experience.

Use the table below to list these situations. An example has been provided to guide you.

Tool required and purpose

Wrong tool used Result

Hammer to fix a nail Wooden mallet Mallet damaged, nail bent and required finding hammer to remove and then nail again




How do I ensure that I use tools safely?

Hand tools appear to be a safe piece of equipment to use. Certainly the hazards associated with power tools are often greater because of the speed with which they travel. However, safety is important at all times and should be considered when using hand tools.

Before using a hand tool, especially if you have not used this tool before, you should do a hazard assessment. This means that you examine the tool and check what possible injury could result from its use.

The following checklist will help you in making this assessment:

Criterion Examples of hand tools that this may apply to

Does the tool have the capacity to cut material and therefore the user?

Chisels, knives, saws

Does the material being worked on present some hazard?

Glass cutters, masonry hammer (chips flying off)

Does the tool have the capacity for impact injury?

Hammer (hit fingers)

Does the tool present a hazard if dropped on self?

Mallet, cold chisel

Can the tool break and cause injury through cuts or flying debris?

Chisel (handle)

Can skin be caught in moving parts of tool? Spiral ratchet screwdriver, brace and bit

Can tool ‘pinch’ when used? Tin snips, pliers

Other hazards may be involved in using the tools as associated with the location. For example, working on ladders, working on roofs, etc. These potential hazards are not considered in this Learner’s Guide but should be addressed in using the tools in a given situation.



Once the hazards are identified, the next question is to consider how to prevent these happening.

As an example, if you were using a mallet to break up a low brick wall, you would identify the following hazards:

• dropping mallet on own foot

• dropping bricks on foot or jamming fingers as bricks are removed and stacked

• stone chips going into eyes

• blisters on hands from mallet

• cement dust exposure to hands and lungs

• hitting self or others working with you with mallet as you swing.

Choosing appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) will help to control some of the hazards outlined above. Safety glasses and safety boots should be used. Gloves will prevent injury to fingers and stop blistering and cement dust from affecting skin (it is very alkaline and hard on skin).

To prevent hitting others, a degree of common sense and logic should be applied. If you are constantly aware of where your fellow workers are located, you will avoid hitting them. If the area is relatively enclosed, a face mask may be required to stop breathing in cement dust. This may not be required outdoors in windy conditions.

PPE for other jobs and tasks might include:

• safety boots (you will probably be required to wear these throughout your working day)

• high visibility clothing (working outdoors in public area ort along rial lines, etc)

• hard hat

• gloves

• hair net

• safety glasses

• breathing apparatus

• face shield

• disposable coveralls.

The PPE required will depend on the assessment you make of the hazards present in the job. Other hazards may be encountered according to the type of materials being used (glass, splinters from



wood, etc) and any chemicals and solvents being used (Spirits of Salts to clean brickwork, paint thinners, etc.)

Part of your induction and further training within your workplace should have included Occupational Health and Safety and will have addressed some of the issues being raised in this Learner’s Guide.

The next activity asks you to list PPE required in a range of situations.



Activity 3: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Respond to the following questions. Talk to your trainer, team members, OHS representative, others in the workplace if you need help answering the questions.

What equipment are you required to wear at all times?

What other equipment are you required to wear when performing tasks involving use of hand tools? List four examples of different tasks you have completed using different hand tools and the hazards that you identified and how you considered these before commencing the task.

Use the table below to fill out your responses.


© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 15 Customised and Developed by Armstrong’s Driver Education P/L March 2008 ADELG1002

Task description Hand tools used Potential hazards Ways to minimise potential injury from hazards




As well as undertaking an assessment to identify potential hazards with the use of the tools, you should ensure that you can use the tool in an efficient and effective manner.

Your should approach your trainer or an experienced person in the workplace such as a qualified tradesperson or your trainer to seek help if you are required to use a tool that you have never used before.

It may help to get off-‐cuts or samples to practice using the tool until you feel confident of using it properly. The time spent practicing could save money, in the end, with not having to do the job a second time or wasting materials.

Tradespersons say that a sharp tool is a safe tool. Sharp tools ‘grab’ rather than slip and do the job quicker and more effectively. The next section discusses tool maintenance including sharpening.

Consider your competence (ability to apply knowledge and skills to real work situations) at using hand tools in a similar way to how you view your tool kit – the larger this is, the better you are able to do your job and the easier the jobs can be. In the next activity, you are asked to make a list of tools you can use competently.



Activity 4: An inventory of your skills at using tools

Complete the following table that lists tools that you use (do this over a few weeks or a month). The fourth column is for tips on how to use the tool effectively and the last column is your own assessment at your confidence and competence to use that tool. Talk to your trainer if you need help filling out the table. An example has been filled out as a guide.

Hand tool Uses Safety issues Comments on use Competence?

Hammer Fix and remove nails Check head is not loose Swing from end - don’t choke hammer

YES



Hand tool Uses Safety issues Comments on use Competence?




Section 2

Maintaining and storing hand tools



Section outline

Areas covered in this section

Maintaining and securing tools including:

cleaning and maintenance of tools

checking tools for fitness for use

transporting and storing tools



How do you maintain and store tools?

What are the requirements for cleaning and maintenance of tools?

If you walk into a tool shop and start looking around at price tags, you will soon realise that tools are not cheap and represent a major investment for a self employed person, home handyperson or for an organisation to supply the hand tools (let alone power tools) required in the workplace. Given the cost or value of hand tools, it is important to look after tools.

After use, tools should be cleaned off and left dry. A coating of oil or rust inhibitor is a good way of finishing off the cleaning process. Cleaning may involve removing the materials you have been working with and using. The table below gives a range of materials and solvents that can be used to remove these materials (space is allowed to fill in any additional tips you pick up in the workplace):

Material Solvent/cleaning process

Water based paint Water or if dried methylated spirits*

Oil based paint Turps or if dried paint stripper or scrape off*

Silicone sealant Turps

Wood filler Scape off and use water

Liquid nails, PVA Scrape off

Grease Hand cleaner or warm soapy water

Masking tape on windows being painted

Eucalyptus oil



* Paint brushes that are left too long without being cleaned can be reconditioned using a mixture of half water and half (clothes) washing powder

Finishing off with a spray of WD40 or wiping tools with an oily rag (if made of steel such as chisels) is an excellent way to prevent rust damaging tools.

Maintenance of tools can be carried out as they are put back into storage so that they are in good condition for the next user. This may involve sharpening of blades such as in planes, chisels, saws, etc.

Some workplaces will send off saws and other tools for sharpening or have an external person come into the workplace to do this on a regular basis or have a person in charge of tools and sharpening these. As stated before, blunt tools can be dangerous to use besides being frustrating as they are slower to get the job done.

If each user is expected to maintain tools and sharpen them, you will need to learn how to do this. The required sharpening tools and gauges should also be available such as:

• an oilstone and oil

• saw files

• saw set for setting saws

• drill gauges (to check angles of bits, etc)

• verniers to heck thicknesses and tolerances

• grinding wheel

• WD40 or other rust preventer/lubricant.

Ask your trainer or an experienced colleague to help you learn how to sharpen the tools you use.

Other checks should be made on tools such as:

• is the handle or head of the tool loose?

• are tools out of shape (jaws of pliers meet, straight edge still straight)?

• are any parts missing (end section of ruler or tape)?

• are wooden handles splintered or broken (hammers, chisels)?

The next exercise asks you to list the tools that you have learnt to sharpen and maintain.



Activity 5: An inventory of your skills at maintaining tools

Complete the following table that lists tools that you use (do this over a few weeks or a month) and maintenance of these tools. The third and fourth columns are for sharpening and other maintenance checks to be performed on tools. The last column is your own assessment at your confidence and competence to maintain that tool. Talk to your trainer if you need help filling out the table. An example has been filled out as a guide.

Hand tool Uses Sharpening required Other maintenance Competence?

Nail punches Punch in nails below wood surface prior to filling and painting

Ensure point is not burred over (grind to shape if so)

WD40 or oily rag to wipe over to prevent rust

YES



Hand tool Uses Sharpening required Other maintenance Competence?



© Australian National Training Authority 2003 Page 25

What are you required to do when you identify a broken tool?

As you check tools, you may identify a tool that is no longer functional for any number of reasons including those given in the previous section.

In some workplaces, you will be expected to repair the tool or arrange for its replacement. This should be done promptly especially if this is the only tool of its kind in the workplace (specialist tool).

The next activity asks you to determine your responsibilities when you identify tools that are defective or damaged.


Page 26 © Australian National Training Authority 2003

Activity 6: RRR – repair, replace and report

Discuss with your trainer or other relevant persons in your workplace, what you are required to do when you identify a tool that is not functional. Respond to the following questions and use the space to record your answers.

Do you have to repair broken tools?

Do you have to report damaged tools?

Do you (personally) have to replace broken tools?

How are you trained to repair tools (if this is part of your role)?

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How do you store and secure tools?

The value of tools has been discussed in previous sections of this Learner’s Guide. As well as maintaining tools, it is important to store tools correctly to gain the maximum life out of these tools.

Tools that have sharp edges such as chisels and saws will blunt if stored for transport with other tools. To avoid this, covers and protective guards should be put around tools.

For example, saws can be stored during transport in a pouch made of leather or plastic or wrapped in a cloth. A piece of PVC pipe cut down its length can make a good ‘scabbard’ for a saw.

Chisels and drill bits can be put into a pouch such as shown below:

Toolboxes are available in metal or plastic with compartments for smaller tools and screws and other fastenings and these will protect the tools during transport.

Storage of tools in a workshop or storage box can make use of a ‘shadow board’. This is a board fixed to the wall with nails or other fixings to place tools on and the outline of the tool painted (often in black) onto the board. This enables tools to be easily replaced in the same place and any missing tools to be easily identified. When tools are replaced, if the replacement tool has a different shape to the original tool, the new shape can be painted onto the board. A mechanic’s workshop or a carpenter’s shed will often feature a shadow board.

Drill bits or chisels of

different sizes



Other tips for storing and protecting tools include:

• using plastic cutlery trays to store small tools and drill bits, fasteners

• use lidded buckets for storage of extension cords, wire, rope

• when storing paint brushes lay these flat with a strip of card taped around the bristles to keep these straight

• use recycled jars for keeping fasteners separate from tools (see through plastic is the best as these are unbreakable and easy to identify contents)

• use holes in handles of tools to hang these (e.g. from shadow board)

• use a bull dog clip or similar to clip instructions and maintenance directions for tools (contained in a plastic bag to keep protected) on same hook or peg as the tool

• lay a strip of felt in the bottom of tool boxes as extra protection for tools

• empty out tool boxes periodically and get rid of dust and dirt that accumulates there (wipe over with an oily cloth or spray with WD40 while empty)

• apply sump oil (from garage or workshop) to wooden handles of tools and wipe of excess to maintain condition of handles

• add a packet of silica gel (from hobby shops) to your tool box to absorb moisture and prevent rust

• keep a magnet in your tool box to pick up screws and nails, etc that you drop.

Perhaps the best tip for maintaining tools is to make sure you still have them at the end of the day’s work, particularly if you are working off-‐site. Some tradespeople use a strip of brightly coloured tape of fluoro paint to mark their tools for easy identification.

Always keep your tools within eyesight and if you leave the area, take precautions to ensure you are not inviting someone else to add to their tool collection.

The next activity looks at storage ands security of tools in your workplace.



Activity 7: Tool storage

Discuss with your trainer, supervisor or other relevant persons in your workplace, useful hints for tool storage. Respond to the following questions and use the space to record your answers.

Where are tools between uses?

What sorts of ‘clever devices’ are used to store tools (shadow board, etc)?

How are tools checked on return and removal from workplace storage area? Do you have to sign tools out under your own name?

What other checks are made on the tools in the storage area or toolkits and what should be there?

What strategies do you employ to ensure that tools are secure?

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Additional resources



Web sites:

• Tool suppliers such as:

Tama http://www.tama.com.au

Loone’s http://www.loones.com.au

Just Tools http://www.justtools.com.au

Snap on Tools http://www.snapon.com/au/

Organisations:

• Hardware stores (note many offer home handyperson sessions on using specific tools and products distributed by these shops on weekends).

Paper-‐based resources:

• Instructions supplied with tools for use and maintenance.



Feedback on activities

The responses provided in this section are suggested responses. Because every workplace is different, your responses may vary according to your specific workplace procedures, the equipment available and the nature of the business.



Activity 1: How do I get a hold of that tool?

Workplace procedures for ordering new tools will vary and may require justification or a budget may be allowed for such purchases and approval is given provided budget is not over-spent.

Hiring tools is useful where the tool is expensive and not often used.

Finding a tool may be as simple as looing in your allocated tool box or using a paper based or electronic database of tools.

Assistance in identifying required tools could be sought from experienced colleagues and tradespersons employed within the organization, hire companies, tool suppliers.

Activity 2: Wrong tool for the task

Generally using the wrong tool for a task results in damage to the tool or the object being worked on with the tool. The right tool for the job is an important rule to follow to avoid damaging tools or equipment.

Activity 3: Personal Protective Equipment

PPE that you are required to wear at all times might include safety boots, gloves, safety glasses and hearing protection. For some tasks high visibility clothing, hard hat, etc may be required.

Hearing protection is generally not needed when using hand tools with the exception of hammers and mallets used to shape metal. Eye protection will be required where particles, dust and metal shavings are produced. Gloves should be worn for protection where the materials being used have splinters or are breakable such as glass. Other PPE used will depend on tasks undertaken and job role.

Activity 4: An inventory of your skills at using tools

Responses will vary widely depending on tasks performed and job role. The listed tools will be similar or the same as that for activity 5.



Activity 5: An inventory of your skills at maintaining tools

Responses will vary widely depending on tasks performed and job role. The listed tools will be similar or the same as that for activity 4.

Activity 6: RRR – repair, replace and report

Responses will depend on workplace procedures and how tools are accessed in workplaces. Where tool kits are provided, procedures will be different to a shared access system for tools. Basis maintenance such as sharpening tools and replacing consumable parts such as blades is an essential skill to have when using hand tools as waiting for someone to do such basic maintenance tasks may delay the completion of work.

Activity 7: Tool storage

Responses might include: • tool boxes, shadow boards, tool lockers, dedicated tool store

rooms, etc • tool registers, lists, etc. • periodic maintenance schedules for tools and checking of tool

kit contents • locks on tool boxes during off site use, guidelines in not leaving

tools unattended, etc.

tlib2807b - maintain and use hand tools - learner guide

Documents

hand tools section

store hand tools

hand tools secure

basic hand tools

hand toolsare

correct tools

learners guide

aboutthis learning guide