Wordlist BiodataRautahat Siraha Morang

1. Informed Consent Given Given Given3. Date 5-Apr-13 28-Apr-13 28-Feb-134. Village, District Simara, Rautahat Jahadi, Siraha Gidhaniya,

Morang5. Interviewer Jessica Mitchell Stephanie

Eichentopf Jessica Mitchell6. Language of elicitation Nepali Nepali Nepali7. Language of response Nepali Nepali Nepali8. Interpreter N/A N/A N/A9. Sex Male Male Male10. Name Jugi Ram

ChaudharyRam Shankar Chaudhary

Dokaram Bishwas Tharu

11. Age 51 48 5912. Caste Tharu Tharu Tharu13. Religion Hindu Hindu Hindu14. Occupation Farmer Teacher Farmer15. Have you ever been to school? Yes Yes No15a. (If yes) Up to which class? 8 Plus 2 N/A16. Mother tongue Tharu Tharu Tharu17. Birthplace Simara Jahadi Gidhaniya18. Where do you live now? Simara Jahadi Gidhaniya19. How long have you been living there/here? 51 years 48 years 59 years20. Have you lived anywhere else for more than a year? No No No21. Where is your father from? Simara Jahadi Gidhaniya22. Father’s mother tongue Tharu Tharu Tharu23. What language did your father usually speak to you when you were a child?

Tharu Tharu Tharu24. Where is your mother from? Padari, Bara Jahadi Gakhuwa25. Mother’s mother tongue Tharu Tharu Tharu26. What language did your mother usually speak to you when you were a child?

Tharu Tharu Tharu

27. What language(s) can you speak?

Tharu, Nepali, English, Hindi, Maithili

Tharu, Nepali, English, Hindi

Tharu, Nepali, English, Hindi, Maithili

28. Which language do you speak best (a), second best (b), and third best (c)?

a. Tharu b. Maithili c. Nepali

a. Tharu b. Nepali c. Hindi

a. Nepali b. Tharu c. Hindi

Wordlist Data, Similarity Grouping, and English and Nepali Prompts

These three 268-item wordlists from Kochila Tharu villages were compared with five other wordlists collected in October 2011 from Dangaura Tharu and its closely related varieties (Deukhuri, Desauriya, and Malhoriya), as well as Kathariya Tharu. The comparison shown here only displays the data from the three Kochila Tharu wordlists of this survey. The grouping numbers used here are from the complete comparison of all eight wordlists and therefore, may appear incomplete.

Verbs were elicited in 3rd person past and informal imperative in order to determine the verb root for comparison. Only the 3rd person past form is displayed in the comparison.

Abbreviations:

IPA – International Phonetic Alphabet

N/A – Not applicable

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping1 body जीउ dʒiu Morang (East) a:ŋ 3

Bara (West) dehə 2Siraha (Central) dehə 2

2 head टाउको ʈauko Morang (East) muɾa 2 3Bara (West) muɾ 3

Siraha (Central) muri 2 3

3 hair कपाल kʌpal Morang (East) dʒɔʈə 3Bara (West) kʰeMi s 4

Siraha (Central) kʲes 4

4 face अनहार / मख ʌnuhar / mukʰ Morang (East) ənuhər 3Bara (West) rupʰ 4

Siraha (Central) muM 1

5 eye आखा aMkha Morang (East) aMkʰ 1Bara (West) aMkʰ 1

Siraha (Central) əⁱkʰ 1

6 ear कान kan Morang (East) kan 1Bara (West) kan 1

Siraha (Central) kan 1

7 nose नाक nak Morang (East) naMk 1Bara (West) nak 1

Siraha (Central) nak 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping8 mouth मख mukh Morang (East) muMkʰ 3

Bara (West) muM 1Siraha (Central) muM (see face) 1

9 lips ओठ oʈh Morang (East) ʈʰor 3Bara (West) oMʈ 1

Siraha (Central) ʈʰɔr 3

10 tooth दा त daMt Morang (East) dPaMʈ 1Bara (West) daMʈ 1

Siraha (Central) daMt 1

11 tongue जिजबरो dʒibɾo Morang (East) dʒʰiha 3Bara (West) dʒiu 2

Siraha (Central) dʒi 2

12 chest छाती tʃʰati Morang (East) tʃʰat Pi 1Bara (West) sati 1

Siraha (Central) tʃati 1

13 belly/stomach पट peʈ Morang (East) pet 1Bara (West) peʈ 1

Siraha (Central) peʈ 1

14 waist कम‍मर kʌmːʌr Morang (East) ɖaMɖə 3Bara (West) ɖaMr 3

Siraha (Central) daMr 3

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping

15 whole arm हात hat Morang (East) hat P 1Bara (West) hatʰ 1

Siraha (Central) hatʰ 1

16 elbow कहिहनो / कहिहना ku(h)ino / ku(h)ina Morang (East) kaunhi 1Bara (West) kehuni 1

Siraha (Central) kəhuni 1

17 palm हतकला hatkela Morang (East) tərhəti 3Bara (West) tʰərhəʈi 3

Siraha (Central) tərəhəti 3

18 finger औला ʌᵘla Morang (East) jɛŋur 1Bara (West) əŋuri 3

Siraha (Central) ɔMŋgəri 2 3

19 fingernail नङ nʌŋ Morang (East) nɔMhə 2 3Bara (West) nuMha 3

Siraha (Central) nɔMh 1

20 leg खटटा khuʈʈa Morang (East) ʈʲaŋ 3Bara (West) gɔr 1

Siraha (Central) ʈaŋ 3

21 knee घडा gʰuMɖa Morang (East) həʈʰun 1Bara (West) ʈʰehun 2 3

Siraha (Central) tʰɛŋghun 2

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping

22 skin छाला tʃhala Morang (East) ɖʰəla 1Bara (West) sala 1

Siraha (Central) tʃala 1

23 bone हाड haɖ Morang (East) həɖɖi 2Bara (West) həɖɖi 2

Siraha (Central) har 2

24 heart मट muʈu Morang (East) muʈʈu 1Bara (West) kɔMrh 2

Siraha (Central) muʈu 1

25 blood रगत ɾʌgʌt Morang (East) ləhu 3Bara (West) lehu 3

Siraha (Central) ləhu 3

26 urine हिपसाब pisab/p Morang (East) mut 1Bara (West) mut 1

Siraha (Central) muMt 1

27 feces हिदसा disa Morang (East) guM 1Bara (West) guMh (ə) 1

Siraha (Central) guM 1

28 village गाउ gauM Morang (East) gaM 1Bara (West) gauM 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingSiraha (Central) gam 1

29 house घर ghʌr Morang (East) gʰar 1Bara (West) gʰar 1

Siraha (Central) ghar 1

30 roof छाना tʃana Morang (East) tʃəpəra 1Bara (West) sanhi 4

Siraha (Central) tʃaMi 5

31 door ढोका ɖhoka Morang (East) kʲewar 2Bara (West) kewari 2

Siraha (Central) kʲewar 2

32 firewood दाउरा dauɾa Morang (East) kaʈʰi 1Bara (West) dʒarna 2

Siraha (Central) dʒərəna 2

33 broom कचो kutso Morang (East) borɖʰən 3Bara (West) bəhrni 2 3

Siraha (Central) bərhni 2 3

34 stick लटठी lʌʈʈhi Morang (East) laʈʈʰi 1Bara (West) laʈi 1

Siraha (Central) laʈi 1

35 pestle लोहोरो / लोहरो lohoɾo / lohʌɾo Morang (East) lɔrɖʰa 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingBara (West) lorha 1

Siraha (Central) loɖʰi 2

36 spices mortar जिसलौटो silʌᵘʈo Morang (East) paʈi 1Bara (West) silaᵘʈʰ 2

Siraha (Central) siloʈʰ 2

37 small hammer घन gʰʌn Morang (East) hət Paᵘɖi / həʈaᵘɖa 1 4Bara (West) həʈauɖi 1 4

Siraha (Central) hətaᵘdi 4

38 large Nepali knife

खकरी kʰukuɾi Morang (East) ɖəbija 3Bara (West) dabeja 3

Siraha (Central) dəbiha 3

39 sickle हजिसया haMsija Morang (East) kətʃʰija 2Bara (West) həMsuwa 1 2

Siraha (Central) həsuwa 1 2

40 axe बन‍चरो bʌntsʌɾo Morang (East) kuɖʰar 1Bara (West) taŋi 4

Siraha (Central) kuher 1

41 rope डोरी ɖoɾi Morang (East) ɖor 3Bara (West) dʒaMu r 4

Siraha (Central) guMdi 5

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping

42 thread धागो dhago Morang (East) sut P tə 2Bara (West) ɖɔra 1

Siraha (Central) dʰəga 1

43 needle जिसयो sijo Morang (East) tipəni 3Bara (West) tipəni 3

Siraha (Central) tipəni 3

44 cloth कपडा kʌpʌɖa Morang (East) kəpəɖa 3Bara (West) kəpəɖa 3

Siraha (Central) kəpəda bəstə 3

45 hat टोपी ʈopi Morang (East) ʈopi 1Bara (West) ʈopi 1

Siraha (Central) ʈopi 1

46 ring औठी aMu ʈhi Morang (East) əŋʈᵗi 3 4Bara (West) aᵘnʈʰi 3 4

Siraha (Central) aMu ʈija 2

47 gold सन sun Morang (East) ʃonnɑ 2Bara (West) soMnaM 1 2

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingSiraha (Central) sʷəna 1 2

48 sun सय2 / सज2 suɾija / surdʒe Morang (East) surudʒʰ 3Bara (West) surudʒ 3

Siraha (Central) sərudʒ (kirin) 3

49 moon जन dʒun Morang (East) tsʰan 2Bara (West) tʃənəmənə 4

Siraha (Central) idʒɔrija 3

50 sky आकाश akas / akaʃ Morang (East) megʰ 2Bara (West) əkas 1

Siraha (Central) mɛg 2

51 star तारा taɾa Morang (East) t Pəra 2Bara (West) təraⁱ 2

Siraha (Central) tara 2

52 rain पानी (पछ2 ) pani (pʌɾtʃ(ʌ) Morang (East) bərsətʃe excludedBara (West) megʰ bərsaⁱ excluded

Siraha (Central) paⁱn paritʃe excluded

53 water पानी pani Morang (East) pani 1Bara (West) pani 1

Siraha (Central) paⁱn 1

54 small river खोला khola Morang (East) ləddi 2

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingBara (West) lədi 2

Siraha (Central) lədi 2

55 cloud बादल badʌl Morang (East) badəl 3Bara (West) badəl 3

Siraha (Central) mʲɛg 1

56 bolt of lightning चट‌याङ tʃʌʈjæŋ Morang (East) bədʒəɖ 5Bara (West) ʈʰəMnka 4

Siraha (Central) tankə 4

57 rainbow इन‍दरणी indɾeɳi Morang (East) sərbən 2Bara (West) pəntʃoka (east) 1

Siraha (Central) pɛnsɔka 1

58 wind हावा hawa Morang (East) bəⁱjar 3Bara (West) bʲar 3

Siraha (Central) bəsat 2

59 small stone ढङगा / ढगा ɖʰuŋga Morang (East) pat P t Pəl 2 3Bara (West) pəʈʰall 2 3

Siraha (Central) pakʰən (dɔŋgə) 3

60 unirrigated field बारी baɾi Morang (East) baɖi 1Bara (West) baɖi 1

Siraha (Central) bari 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping61 irrigated field खत kʰet Morang (East) kʰɛt 2

Bara (West) kʰet 2Siraha (Central) kʰɛt 2

62 path/road बाटो baʈo Morang (East) baʈ 2Bara (West) pi Mrɑ 3

Siraha (Central) pera 3

63 fire आगो ago Morang (East) agin 1Bara (West) agi 1

Siraha (Central) aⁱg 1

64 smoke धवा dhuwaM Morang (East) dPʰuMma 1Bara (West) dʰuMwa 1

Siraha (Central) dʷija (duwija) 1

65 ash खरानी khʌrani Morang (East) tʃʰaᵒr 2Bara (West) saur 2

Siraha (Central) tʃaᵘr 2

66 soil/clay माटो maʈo Morang (East) maʈʈi 1Bara (West) maʈi 1

Siraha (Central) maⁱt 1

67 dust धलो dhulo Morang (East) dPʰura 1Bara (West) dʰura 1

Siraha (Central) gərda 3

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping

68 tree रख rukh Morang (East) gʰatʃʰ 2Bara (West) gʰasi 2

Siraha (Central) gʰatʃ 2

69 leaf पात pat Morang (East) pət P t Paⁱ 1Bara (West) pəta 1

Siraha (Central) pəta 1

70 Root (below ground)

जरा dʒʌɾa Morang (East) sir 2Bara (West) sur 2

Siraha (Central) sir 2

71 seed बीउ biu Morang (East) bitʃən 3Bara (West) bia 1

Siraha (Central) bia 1

72 bark बोकरो bokɾo Morang (East) ɖʰəla 2Bara (West) səla 2

Siraha (Central) tʃala 2

73 thorn काडो / काडा kaMɖo / kaMɖa Morang (East) kaMʈəM 1Bara (West) kaMʈʰ 1

Siraha (Central) kaMʈ 1

74 flower फल phul Morang (East) pʰul 1Bara (West) pʰula 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingSiraha (Central) pʰula 1

75 bamboo tree बा स baMs Morang (East) bɑMs 1Bara (West) baMs 1

Siraha (Central) baMs 1

76 bamboo shoot तामा tama Morang (East) tamə 1 4Bara (West) tam 4

Siraha (Central) tama 1 4

77 fruit फल फल phʌlphul Morang (East) pʰəl pʰul 1Bara (West) pəlepʰul 1

Siraha (Central) phal phul 1

78 mango आप aMp Morang (East) aMm 1Bara (West) aMm 1

Siraha (Central) aMm 1

79 banana करा keɾa Morang (East) kela 1Bara (West) kerdʒan 2

Siraha (Central) kela 1

80 wheat गह gʌ(h)uM Morang (East) goMhəm 2Bara (West) gəMhum 1 2

Siraha (Central) gəhum 1 2

81 uncooked rice चामल tsamʌl Morang (East) tʃəᵒr 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingBara (West) tʃaur 1

Siraha (Central) tʃaᵘr 1

82 unhusked rice धान dʰan Morang (East) dʰan 1Bara (West) dʰan 1

Siraha (Central) dʰan 1

83 cooked rice भात bʰat Morang (East) bʰat 1Bara (West) bʰat 1

Siraha (Central) bʰat 1

84 vegetable तरकारी tʌɾkaɾi Morang (East) sag 2Bara (West) tiuna 1

Siraha (Central) sag 2

85 potato आल alu Morang (East) əlhu 1Bara (West) əlu:i 1

Siraha (Central) aləhu 1

86 egg plant भनटा bʰʌnʈa Morang (East) baigən 1Bara (West) bʰənʈa 2

Siraha (Central) bʰənʈa 2

87 ground nut बदाम bʌdam Morang (East) bədam 1Bara (West) bedam 1

Siraha (Central) bədam 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping88 chili खोसा2नी kʰoɹsani Morang (East) mərtʃʲɪn 1

Bara (West) martʃa 1Siraha (Central) mertʃaⁱ 1

89 tumeric बसार besar Morang (East) hərdPi 1Bara (West) hərɖi 1

Siraha (Central) hərdi 1

90 garlic लसन lʌsun Morang (East) lesun 1Bara (West) ləsune 1

Siraha (Central) ləsun 1

91 onion पयाज pʲadʒ Morang (East) pijadʒ 1Bara (West) pijadʒ 1

Siraha (Central) pʲodʒ 1

92 cauliflower काउली kauli Morang (East) pʰulkobi 1Bara (West) kʰobʰi 1

Siraha (Central) kobi 1

93 ginger अदवा ʌduwa Morang (East) adPə 1Bara (West) addi 1

Siraha (Central) adi 1

94 tomato गोलभडा golbheMɖa Morang (East) golbʰənʈa 2Bara (West) təmaʈər 1

Siraha (Central) təmatər 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping

95 cabbage बनदकोबी bʌndʌkobi Morang (East) bənhakobi 2Bara (West) munakobi 2

Siraha (Central) muna kobi 2

96 cucumber काकरो kaMkɾo Morang (East) kʰiɾa 1Bara (West) kʰira 1

Siraha (Central) kʰira 1

97 oil तल tel Morang (East) tel 1Bara (West) tel 1

Siraha (Central) tel 1

98 salt नन nun Morang (East) nun 1Bara (West) nun 1

Siraha (Central) nɔMən 1

99 meat मास masu Morang (East) t Pimən 3Bara (West) mas 4

Siraha (Central) timən 3

100 fat part of flesh बोसो boso Morang (East) t Pel 4Bara (West) tel 4 1

Siraha (Central) tel (see oil) 4

101 fish माछा matʃha Morang (East) matʃʰə 1 2Bara (West) mətʃəri 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingSiraha (Central) matʃ 2

102 chicken कखरा kukʰura Morang (East) murga 1Bara (West) murəgi 1

Siraha (Central) murga 1

103 egg फल phul / ʌɳɖa Morang (East) ɖima 2Bara (West) ənɖa 1

Siraha (Central) dima 2

104 cow गाइ gai Morang (East) gəru 1Bara (West) gaⁱje 1

Siraha (Central) gaⁱ 2

105 buffalo भसी bhʌisi Morang (East) bʰɑMⁱs 2Bara (West) bʰaMisi 2

Siraha (Central) bʰaMisi 2

106 milk दध dudh Morang (East) dPudPʰ 1Bara (West) dudʰ 1

Siraha (Central) dudʰ 1

107 horn जिसङ siŋ Morang (East) siŋ 1Bara (West) siŋ 1

Siraha (Central) siŋ 1

108 tail पच‍छर puttʃhʌr Morang (East) naMŋər 1 2

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingBara (West) ləŋəri 2

Siraha (Central) nəŋər 2

109 goat बाखरा bakhɾa Morang (East) bəkəri 3 4Bara (West) bəkəri 3 4

Siraha (Central) bəkri 3 4

110 pig सगर suŋguɾ Morang (East) sugər 2Bara (West) sugər 2

Siraha (Central) sugər 2

111 dog ककर kukur Morang (East) kut Pa 2Bara (West) kuta 2

Siraha (Central) kuta 2

112 cat हिबरालो biɾalo Morang (East) bileⁱ 2Bara (West) bilaⁱ 2

Siraha (Central) bilaⁱ 2

113 snake सप2 / सा प sʌrpʌ / saMp Morang (East) saMp 2Bara (West) saMp 2

Siraha (Central) saMp 2

114 monkey बा दर baMdʌr Morang (East) baMnər 1Bara (West) baMnər 1

Siraha (Central) baMnər 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping115 bird चरा tsʌɾa Morang (East) tʃʰərai 3 4

Bara (West) tʃirəi 2 3 4Siraha (Central) tʃire 1 3 4

116 wings पखटा pʌkʰeʈa Morang (East) ɖenə 1Bara (West) dəin 1

Siraha (Central) ɖɛn 1

117 feather प‍वा ख pwaMkʰ Morang (East) pekʰənə 1Bara (West) paMkʰ 2

Siraha (Central) paMi kʰ 2

118 rat/mouse मसा musa Morang (East) musa 2 3Bara (West) mus 2

Siraha (Central) mus 2

119 mosquito लामखटट lamkhuʈːe Morang (East) pəkʰijə 5Bara (West) mɔMsər 3 4

Siraha (Central) mətʃər 4

120 fly हिDगा dʒʰiŋga / dʒʰiŋːa Morang (East) matʃʰi 1 2Bara (West) masi 2

Siraha (Central) matʃi 1 2

121 honey bee माहरी / माउरी ma(h)uɾi Morang (East) mədʰu 3 4Bara (West) mɔdʰ 4

Siraha (Central) maɔhud 2

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping

122 ant कहिमला kʌmila Morang (East) tʃaⁱ Mt Pi 1Bara (West) tʃimti 1 2

Siraha (Central) tʃɪti 1 2

123 spider माकरा / माकरो makura / makuro Morang (East) məkəra 1Bara (West) məkəra 1

Siraha (Central) məkəra 1

124 louse जमरा dʒumra Morang (East) dʰilə (head) 4Bara (West) dʰil (head) 4

Siraha (Central) dʰɪl 4

125 bed bug उडस uɖus Morang (East) bɪdʒija 4Bara (West) uris 1

Siraha (Central) bɪgija 4

126 flea उपि�या upijaM Morang (East) upəɖa 3Bara (West) upəɖa 3

Siraha (Central) upəra 3

127 leech �ानी जका pani jʰuka Morang (East) tʃaməɽə 2Bara (West) dʒɔMk (pani) tʰiŋi 3

Siraha (Central) dʒɔMk 3

128 person मानिनस / मान छ manis / mantʃʰe Morang (East) manus 4Bara (West) ədmi 3

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingSiraha (Central) lok (most often) 2

129 man लोग नमान छ / �रष lognemantʃhe / purus Morang (East) marəd admi 3Bara (West) marda 3

Siraha (Central) munsɑ (mərəd) 3

130 woman/female आइमाइ / महि�ला aimai / mahila Morang (East) dʒəlna 1Bara (West) maᵘgi 4

Siraha (Central) məᵘgi 4

131 baby बच चा bʌtsa / bʌttʃa Morang (East) bətʃa 3Bara (West) laⁱkə 2

Siraha (Central) bətʃa 3

132 boy कटा keʈa Morang (East) tʃaᵘda 3Bara (West) tʃaᵘra 2 3

Siraha (Central) tʃaᵘra 2 3

133 girl कटी keʈi Morang (East) tʃaᵘɖi 3Bara (West) tʃaᵘri 3

Siraha (Central) tʃaᵘri 3

134 father बा / बबा ba / buwa Morang (East) bɑ or bɑpu 2Bara (West) babu 1 2

Siraha (Central) babu 1 2

135 mother आमा ama Morang (East) mɑM 2

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingBara (West) dai 1

Siraha (Central) məja 3

136 older brother दाज / दाई dadʒu / dai Morang (East) dəda 1Bara (West) dada 1

Siraha (Central) dadə 1

137 younger brother भाई bhai Morang (East) bʰja 1 2Bara (West) baᵘwa 1

Siraha (Central) bʰaⁱ 2

138 older sister हिददी didi Morang (East) dəi 2Bara (West) didi 1

Siraha (Central) bərka dəja 3

139 younger sister बहि�नी bʌ(h)ini Morang (East) bəhin 4Bara (West) bəje 1 2

Siraha (Central) dəja 1

140 son छोरा / छोरो tʃhoɾa / tʃhoɾo Morang (East) beta 4Bara (West) beʈa 4

Siraha (Central) bɛʈa 4

141 daughter छोरी tʃhoɾi Morang (East) beti 3Bara (West) beʈi 3

Siraha (Central) bɛʈi 3

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping142 husband लोग न / शरीमान logne / sɾiman Morang (East) mərəd 3

Bara (West) marda 3Siraha (Central) ghərbala 4

143 wife स वास नी / शरीमती swasni / sɾimʌti Morang (East) moᵘgi 3Bara (West) maᵘgi 3

Siraha (Central) ghərbali 4

144 grandfather �जर बा hʌdʒuɾ ba Morang (East) budʰənha bap excludedBara (West) bʰuda babu excluded

Siraha (Central) baba excluded

145 grandmother �जर आमा hʌdʒuɾ ama Morang (East) budʰiha mʲa excludedBara (West) bʰudi dai excluded

Siraha (Central) dadi excluded

146 grandson नाती nati Morang (East) nɑti (daughter’s) 2Bara (West) nati 2

Siraha (Central) naⁱt 2

147 granddaughter नानितनी natini Morang (East) nɑti (daughter's) 2Bara (West) natini 1 2

Siraha (Central) natin 1 2

148 father’s older brother

ठलो बाब ʈhulo babu Morang (East) bərki bap excludedBara (West) bəki babu excluded

Siraha (Central) bərka bap (babu) excluded

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping

149 father’s younger brother

साना बाब sana babu Morang (East) kəka 1Bara (West) kaka 1

Siraha (Central) kaka 1

150 father’s older sister

फ� phupu Morang (East) pisu 4Bara (West) pʰuwa didi 3

Siraha (Central) didi 2

151 mother’s older brother

मामा mama Morang (East) məmə 1Bara (West) məme 1

Siraha (Central) mama 1

152 mother’s older sister

ठलो आमा ʈhulo ama Morang (East) bərki 2Bara (West) bərki dai 2

Siraha (Central) mɔsi 3

153 mother’s younger sister

साना आमा sana ama Morang (East) moMsi 1Bara (West) kaki 2

Siraha (Central) mɔsi 1

154 friend साथी sathi Morang (East) səMŋ 2Bara (West) səŋhətija 1

Siraha (Central) mita or bəgərija 1

155 name नाम / नाउ nam / nauM Morang (East) naM 1Bara (West) naMu 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingSiraha (Central) nam 1

156 language भाषा bhasa Morang (East) bʰasa 1Bara (West) bʰasa 1

Siraha (Central) bʰasa 1

157 day हिदन din Morang (East) din 1Bara (West) din 1

Siraha (Central) din 1

158 night रात ɾat Morang (East) rat 1Bara (West) rat 1

Siraha (Central) raⁱt 1

159 morning बिब�ान bihanʌ Morang (East) bihan 2Bara (West) bihan 2

Siraha (Central) bʰor or bʰɪnsər 4

160 afternoon हिदउसो diuMso Morang (East) dopəhər 1Bara (West) kəlaᵘ pəhər 3

Siraha (Central) dupəhər 1

161 evening बलका beluka Morang (East) hɛʈpəhər excludedBara (West) saMdʒi pəhər excluded

Siraha (Central) saMdʒ excluded

162 today आज adʒʌ Morang (East) ɑdʒu 2

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingBara (West) adʒu 2

Siraha (Central) aⁱ 3

163 yesterday हि�जो hi(d)ʒo Morang (East) kalwɛ 2Bara (West) kalʰu 1 2

Siraha (Central) kaⁱlihɛ 2

164 tomorrow भोलिल bholi Morang (East) kalu 1Bara (West) bihan 2

Siraha (Central) kaⁱl 1

165 week �पता hʌpta Morang (East) həptə 1Bara (West) həptə 1

Siraha (Central) həpta or səpta 1

166 month महि�ना mʌhina Morang (East) maⁱhinə 1Bara (West) mahinə 1

Siraha (Central) məhina 1

167 year बष3 bʌrsʌ Morang (East) bətʃər (ə) 3Bara (West) bəris 2

Siraha (Central) bəris 2

168 big ठलो ʈhulo Morang (East) bərkə 1Bara (West) bəɖigo 3

Siraha (Central) bərka 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping169 small सानो sano Morang (East) tʃʰuma 4

Bara (West) tənigo 5Siraha (Central) tʃotka 6

170 heavy गहरङगो / गरगो gʌɾuŋgo Morang (East) bʰari 4Bara (West) bʰari 4

Siraha (Central) bari 4

171 light �लका / �लङगो hʌluka / hʌluŋgo Morang (East) halkə 1Bara (West) həluka 1

Siraha (Central) həluk 1

172 old (thing) �रानो puɾano Morang (East) purnə 1Bara (West) puran 1

Siraha (Central) purna 1

173 new नया nʌjaM Morang (East) ləja 1Bara (West) ləja 1

Siraha (Central) ləbəka 2

174 good (person) असल / रामरो ʌsʌl / ɾamɾo Morang (East) əsəl bəniha 4Bara (West) nimən 5

Siraha (Central) nik or əsəl 4

175 bad (person) खराब / नरामरो khʌɾab / nʌɾamɾo Morang (East) gʰinha 4Bara (West) nənimən 3

Siraha (Central) nəⁱniman 3

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping

176 wet लिभजको bhi(d)ʒeko Morang (East) t Pit Pə 2Bara (West) bʰidʒel 1

Siraha (Central) bʰidʒəl 1

177 dry सकख sukkhʌ Morang (East) sukʰnə 2Bara (West) sukʰəl 1

Siraha (Central) sukʰəl 1

178 long (thing) लामो lamo Morang (East) namə 1 2 3Bara (West) lam 2

Siraha (Central) nam 2 3

179 short (thing) छोटो tʃhoʈo Morang (East) kaʈə 2Bara (West) tənigo 4

Siraha (Central) tʃɔtka 3

180 thin (person) दब लो dublo Morang (East) pɑtrə 2Bara (West) pətəre 2

Siraha (Central) patər 2

181 hot (weather) गम= gʌɾmi Morang (East) gərrmi 2Bara (West) gərəm 1 2

Siraha (Central) gərmi 2

182 cold (weather) जाडो dʒaɖo Morang (East) dʒar 1Bara (West) dʒaɖ 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingSiraha (Central) dʒar 1

183 hot (water) तातो tato Morang (East) dʰɪpt Pə 3Bara (West) dikʰəl 2

Siraha (Central) dipəl and gərəm 2 3

184 cold (water) चिचसो tsiso Morang (East) dʒurə 1Bara (West) dʒur 1

Siraha (Central) dʒur 1

185 cracked/burst फटको / फट यो pʰuʈeko / pʰuʈjo Morang (East) pʰutəla or pʰutə 1Bara (West) pʰutəl 1

Siraha (Central) pʰutəl 1

186 broken/damaged बिबचिAएको bigɾieko Morang (East) bɪgardlə 1Bara (West) bigərgel 1

Siraha (Central) bigəral 1

187 broken भाचको bʰatʃeko Morang (East) tutʰla 3Bara (West) tutʰgel 1

Siraha (Central) tutal 1

188 empty खालिल kʰali Morang (East) kʰali 1Bara (West) kʰali 1

Siraha (Central) kʰali 1

189 full भरीभराउ bʰʌɾibʰʌrau Morang (East) bʰərti 2

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingBara (West) bʰərəl 1

Siraha (Central) bʰərəl 1

190 few/a little थोर tʰorəi Morang (East) kənhidʒənə 4Bara (West) tənke 5

Siraha (Central) kəmʲɛ 6

191 many धर dheɾəi Morang (East) bɔhut 2Bara (West) bəhut 2

Siraha (Central) bɔhut 2

192 all सब sʌbʌi / sʌpːʌi Morang (East) sauna 2Bara (West) səbʰe 1

Siraha (Central) səbəta 3

193 equal (same amount)

बराबार bʌrabar Morang (East) bərabar 1Bara (West) sər 2

Siraha (Central) bərabar 1

194 similar/same उस त ustʌi Morang (East) wəhɛrɛŋ 4Bara (West) aᵘsənke 5

Siraha (Central) wɛhɛnʲa 4

195 different फरक pʰʌrʌk Morang (East) phərək 1Bara (West) əlge əlge 2

Siraha (Central) pʰərək 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping196 various बिबलिभन न bibʰinːʌ / biβinːʌ Morang (East) bəhut 1

Bara (West) bəhut 1Siraha (Central) bəhutrəŋ 1

197-210 the numbers 1-12, 20, and 100

Morang (East)not applicable (excluded)Bara (West)

Siraha (Central)

211 white सतो seto Morang (East) udʒrə 3Bara (West) udʒər 1

Siraha (Central) udʒər 1

212 black कालो kalo Morang (East) karijə 1 2Bara (West) kərija 1 2

Siraha (Central) kari 2

213 red रातो ɾato Morang (East) lal 1Bara (West) lal 1

Siraha (Central) lal 1

214 right दाया / दाहि�न dajaM / dahine Morang (East) dəhinə 1Bara (West) dəhina 1

Siraha (Central) dəhina 1

215 left बाया / दबर bajaM / debɾe Morang (East) bəmə 1 2Bara (West) bəya 2

Siraha (Central) bəma 1 2

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping

216 near नजिजक / निनर nʌ(d)ʒik /niɾʌ Morang (East) ləgət 2Bara (West) ləge 1 2

Siraha (Central) ləg 2

217 far टाढा ʈaɖha Morang (East) ɖur 1Bara (West) bədiɖur 2

Siraha (Central) durahuM 3

218 here य�ा yahaM Morang (East) jɛtʰaⁱ 5Bara (West) dʒige 4

Siraha (Central) jɛta 5

219 there त य�ा tyahaM Morang (East) wɔtʲɛ 1Bara (West) uhaM 2

Siraha (Central) wɔta 1

220 at -मा -ma Morang (East) me 1Bara (West) me 1

Siraha (Central) me 1

221 beside छउमा tʃoma Morang (East) ləgət P 5Bara (West) ləge 2 5

Siraha (Central) katmɛ 4

222 inside लिभतर bʰittra Morang (East) t Pəɾə (me) 2Bara (West) bitəri 1

Siraha (Central) bitri 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping

223 outside बाहि�र bahirʌ Morang (East) bahar 1Bara (West) bəhəra 1

Siraha (Central) bahar 1

224 above/on top of माचिथ mathi Morang (East) upər 1Bara (West) upəri 1

Siraha (Central) upər 1

225 below/under तल /मनिन tʌlʌ / muni Morang (East) tər or hɛ Mt 1Bara (West) nitʃa 2

Siraha (Central) nitʃa 2

226 around वरिर�रिर waripari Morang (East) tʃarokat or tʃaᵘhədi 6Bara (West) tʃaruri 2 7

Siraha (Central) tʃarubar 5 7

227 who को ko Morang (East) kʲe 1Bara (West) ke 1

Siraha (Central) kʲɛ 1

228 whose कसको kʌsko Morang (East) kəkər 1Bara (West) kekər 1

Siraha (Central) kʲɛkər 1

229 what क ke Morang (East) kun 2Bara (West) kətti 3

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingSiraha (Central) kətʰi 3

230 why किकन kinʌ Morang (East) kʲam 4Bara (West) kahela 5

Siraha (Central) kətʰilɛ 6

231 where क�ा kʌhaM Morang (East) kət Pe 2Bara (West) kəhaM 1

Siraha (Central) kətʰa 2

232 when कहि�ल kʌ(h)ile Morang (East) kəkʰəne or kəhiʲə 1Bara (West) kəhija 1

Siraha (Central) kəhija 1

233 which कन kun Morang (East) kunʈa 2Bara (West) kaᵘn 1

Siraha (Central) kʷɔn 1

234 how many कनित kʌti Morang (East) kətənɛ 3Bara (West) ketəna 3

Siraha (Central) kətʲɛk 1 2

235 how (what is it like)

कस तो kʌsto Morang (East) kirɛŋ 1Bara (West) kəⁱsən 3

Siraha (Central) kʲehɛn 2

236 how (to do कसरी kʌsʌɾi Morang (East) kirɛŋke 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Groupingsomething) Bara (West) kəⁱse 2 3

Siraha (Central) kʲenake 1

237 this यो jo Morang (East) iʈa 2Bara (West) ji 3

Siraha (Central) ji 3

238 that त यो tjo Morang (East) uʈa 2Bara (West) u: 1

Siraha (Central) u 1

239 go गयो gajo Morang (East) gele 3Bara (West) gələⁱ 3

Siraha (Central) gʲɛle 3

241 come आयो ajo Morang (East) jɛli 2Bara (West) a: 1

Siraha (Central) jeleⁱ 2

243 come down झयN dʒʰʌɾjo Morang (East) hɛ Mthele 1Bara (West) dirgel 2

Siraha (Central) kəsəle / girale 3

245 climb up चढ यो tʃʌɖjo Morang (East) tʃəɾ le 2Bara (West) tʃəɖ əgel 2

Siraha (Central) tʃaᵘɖ le 2

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping247 climb down ओल रयो oɾljo Morang (East) hɛ Mthele excluded

Bara (West) uʈər gel 1Siraha (Central) utər le 1

249 bring ल यायो ljajo Morang (East) an əlke 3Bara (West) liaʲ lək 2

Siraha (Central) la balke 2

251 take down तल लग यो tʌlʌ lʌgjo Morang (East) ladʒ əlkə 3Bara (West) leg ɛl 1

Siraha (Central) lag ɛle 1

253 take out झिझक यो dʒʰikjo Morang (East) nikalke 2Bara (West) gi Mtʃlɛl nikəlel 2

Siraha (Central) nikaləlke 2

255 put in राख यो rakhjo Morang (East) rakʰ əlke 2Bara (West) rəkʰ de 2

Siraha (Central) rakʰ əlke 2

257 die मर यो mʌɾjo Morang (East) moɾ le 2Bara (West) mər gel 2

Siraha (Central) muⁱr gⁱɛle 2

259 be hungry भोक लागयो bʰok lagʲo Morang (East) bʰokʰ lagələ 1Bara (West) bʰuMk lagɛlba 1

Siraha (Central) buMkʰ lagəle 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping

260 be thirsty नितख3 लागयो tiɾka lagʲo Morang (East) pijas lagələ 1Bara (West) pijas lagɛl 1

Siraha (Central) pʲas lagle 1

261 sleep सत यो sutjo Morang (East) sut əle 1Bara (West) sut rəhələk 1

Siraha (Central) sʷit gʲɛle 1

263 lie down �ल ट यो pʌlʈjo Morang (East) ɔgə likɛ 1Bara (West) ləʈəg ɛl 2

Siraha (Central) waŋhəⁱr gʲɛle 3

265 sit down बस यो bʌsjo Morang (East) baⁱʈʰ le 1Bara (West) baⁱʈʰ igɛl 1

Siraha (Central) beⁱt ikəle 1

267 get up उठ यो u ʈʰjo Morang (East) uʈʰ le 1Bara (West) kʰara hogɛl 2

Siraha (Central) uⁱʈ igɛle 1

269 stand उलिभयो ubhijo Morang (East) tadʰə hɛle excludedBara (West) kʰarabegɛl excluded

Siraha (Central) utigɛle excludedwalk

271 walk हि�ड यो hi Mɖjo Morang (East) lər le 4Bara (West) bule lagɛl 2

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingSiraha (Central) tʃal etʃe 3

273 fly (verb) उड यो uɖjo Morang (East) uɖ le 1Bara (West) uɖ gel 1

Siraha (Central) uⁱr gɛle 1

275 run दगर यो dʌguɾjo Morang (East) dauɖ əli 2Bara (West) daᵘr e lagɛl 2

Siraha (Central) dəᵘr laⁱ 2

277 laugh �ास यो haMsjo Morang (East) has le 1Bara (West) həMs e lagɛl 1

Siraha (Central) həs əlaⁱ 1

279 cry रोयो rojo Morang (East) kan le 2Bara (West) kan e lagɛl 2

Siraha (Central) kən əle 2

281 vomit बान ता गर यो banta gʌrijo Morang (East) bokəɾ əke 5Bara (West) bəkɔre lagɛl 5

Siraha (Central) bokər əlke 5

283 spit थक यो thukjo Morang (East) tʰuk pʰekəlke 1Bara (West) tʰuMk 1

Siraha (Central) tʰuk pʰekəlke 1

285 eat खायो kʰajo Morang (East) kʰel ke 2

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingBara (West) kʰal ɛl 2

Siraha (Central) kʰɛl kai 2

287 bite टोक यो ʈokjo Morang (East) dʰar əlke 2Bara (West) kʰaʈ lelək 1

Siraha (Central) dʰər əlkaⁱ 2

289 drink पि�यो pijo Morang (East) (same as eat) excludedBara (West) pi le lək 1

Siraha (Central) pi jəlkəⁱ 1

291 give हिदयो dijo Morang (East) delke 1Bara (West) dedelək 1

Siraha (Central) dɛlkəⁱ 1

293 burn दाउरा बालयो daura baljo Morang (East) pədʒar lke 2Bara (West) dʒarnə bər gɛl 1

Siraha (Central) dʒarəna pədʒarəlkəⁱ 2

295 bury गाड यो gaɖjo Morang (East) gaɖ əlke 1Bara (West) gaɖ el 1

Siraha (Central) garɖ əlkəⁱ 1

297 kill मार यो maɾjo Morang (East) mar əlke 2Bara (West) mua delək 1

Siraha (Central) mar əlkəⁱ 2

299 cut काट यो kaʈjo Morang (East) kaʈəlke 1

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingBara (West) kaʈdel 1

Siraha (Central) kaʈəlkəⁱ 1

301 throw फाल यो phaljo Morang (East) pʰek əlke 1Bara (West) big delək 2

Siraha (Central) pʲɛk əlkəⁱ 1

303 talk/chat छलफल गर यो tʃʌlphʌl gʌɾjo Morang (East) bʰatbitʃar kər əlke 1Bara (West) bitʃar ka ⁱlək 3

Siraha (Central) tʃʰəl pʰəl sarsəla kʲɛ lke 2

305 say/tell भन यो bʰʌnjo Morang (East) kəhəlke 1Bara (West) kəhələk 1

Siraha (Central) kʰəhəlke 1

307 hear/listen सन यो sunjo Morang (East) sunəlke 1Bara (West) sunlɪl 1

Siraha (Central) sunəlke 1

309 watch/see दख यो dekʰjo Morang (East) dekəlke 1Bara (West) dekʰlelək 1

Siraha (Central) dekʰəlke 1

310 look �यN heɾjo Morang (East) (same as watch/see) excludedBara (West) (same as watch/see) excluded

Siraha (Central) (same as watch/see) excluded

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping

312 wash धोयो dhojo Morang (East) dʰo alke 1Bara (West) dʰo lelək 1

Siraha (Central) dʰuw əlke 1

314 my मरो mero Morang (East) məmər 2Bara (West) həmər 2

Siraha (Central) hamər 2

315 our �ामरो hʌmro Morang (East) həmər siake 2Bara (West) həmnike 2

Siraha (Central) haməraᵘrke 2

316 your (formal/singular)

त�ाईको tʌpai Mko Morang (East) tor 2Bara (West) tʰohər 3

Siraha (Central) tʰɔhər 3

317 your (formal/plural)

त�ाई�रको tʌpai Mhʌruko Morang (East) tor siake 3Bara (West) ji ho səbke 4

Siraha (Central) tʰɔrɑᵘke 3

318 his/her उ�ाको uwaM(ha)ko Morang (East) uakər 3Bara (West) ɔkər 3

Siraha (Central) wəkər 3

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription Grouping319 their (formal) उ�ा�रको uwaM(ha)hʌruko Morang (East) okər siake 3

Bara (West) usəbke 4Siraha (Central) wəkəraᵘke 5

320 I म mʌ Morang (East) həme 2Bara (West) həmər 2

Siraha (Central) həm 2

321 you (singular/formal)

त�ाई tʌpai M Morang (East) tʲaM 2Bara (West) tohər 3

Siraha (Central) tuM 4

322 he/she (formal) उ�ा uhaM Morang (East) we 4Bara (West) ɔkər 5

Siraha (Central) u 2

323 we �ामी hami Morang (East) həmra sia 3Bara (West) həmni 2

Siraha (Central) haməraᵘr 4

324 you (plural/formal)

त�ाई�र tʌpai Mhʌɾu Morang (East) torə sia 2Bara (West) ji səb jana 3

Siraha (Central) tʰɔraᵘr 4

325 they (formal) उ�ा�र wahahʌɾu Morang (East) okra sia 3Bara (West) ɔkəni səb 4

Number English Gloss Nepali Gloss IPA Variety Transcription GroupingSiraha (Central) wəkəraᵘr 5