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““Hiring and Women in Hiring and Women in the Police Department”the Police Department”

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Greg Norton

Tom Carman

Katie SingletonCaitlin Merrell

Kyle Scholton

Isiah Salazar

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Women Men Precedents Statistics Interview QuestionsWomen Men Precedents Statistics Interview Questions

Benefits of Women Benefits of Women Police OfficersPolice Officers

Female police executives are found to be Female police executives are found to be more flexible, emotionally independent, more flexible, emotionally independent, self-assertive, self-confident, proactive self-assertive, self-confident, proactive and creative than their male counterparts. and creative than their male counterparts. They implement “community-oriented They implement “community-oriented policing”policing”Less insults & threats Less insults & threats

Improve response to violence against women. Improve response to violence against women. More concern, patience & understandingMore concern, patience & understanding



Female officers are less likely to use Female officers are less likely to use excessive force. excessive force. Not reluctant to use force they just Not reluctant to use force they just choose to utilize a less choose to utilize a less authoritative style of policing.authoritative style of policing.Huge gender gap in police brutality Huge gender gap in police brutality lawsuitslawsuits““Depriving women jobs in policing is Depriving women jobs in policing is costly to taxpayers and results in costly to taxpayers and results in more police brutality.”more police brutality.”



Proven to be as competent as their male Proven to be as competent as their male counterparts. counterparts. Research consistently demonstrates that Research consistently demonstrates that women police officers have more education women police officers have more education then their male peers. then their male peers. Increased representation can help Increased representation can help transform the climate within a law transform the climate within a law enforcement agency. enforcement agency.

Reducing the prevalence of gender Reducing the prevalence of gender discrimination, under-utilization, sexual discrimination, under-utilization, sexual harassmentharassment


Benefits of Male police Benefits of Male police officersofficers

Emotional labor better received by menEmotional labor better received by menCurrently in society women have a lower Currently in society women have a lower authoritative role than menauthoritative role than men

This leads to more rebellious actions by citizensThis leads to more rebellious actions by citizensFor cultural and religious reasons, some men For cultural and religious reasons, some men may refuse to let women help or protect themmay refuse to let women help or protect themMen feel the need to protect womenMen feel the need to protect womenCoping skills such as “black humor” or after Coping skills such as “black humor” or after work activities can be offensive to womenwork activities can be offensive to women

People need post incident stress managementPeople need post incident stress management



Other reasonsOther reasonsWomen may be subject to a high amount of Women may be subject to a high amount of sex-based comments and sexual sex-based comments and sexual harassment, which cause problems within harassment, which cause problems within departmentsdepartmentsMale values/attitudes are a better fit Male values/attitudes are a better fit for the jobfor the jobOpposite sex partners could hurt or Opposite sex partners could hurt or break-up a marriagebreak-up a marriageOne of worlds most masculine occupationsOne of worlds most masculine occupations



Physical reasonsPhysical reasonsWomen are smaller than men and do Women are smaller than men and do not have the physical strength not have the physical strength needed for the jobneeded for the jobPregnancy may psychologically affect Pregnancy may psychologically affect women’s effectiveness/attitudeswomen’s effectiveness/attitudes• Especially in Hostile SituationsEspecially in Hostile Situations


Past PrecedentsPast PrecedentsTitle VII of Civil Rights Act 1964Title VII of Civil Rights Act 1964Equal Pay Act of 1963 Equal Pay Act of 1963 Prohibits gender-based wage Prohibits gender-based wage discriminationdiscrimination

Civil Rights Act of 1991 Civil Rights Act of 1991 Provides damages to victims of Provides damages to victims of intentional employment intentional employment discrimination discrimination


Past PrecedentsPast PrecedentsUS v. The City of Buffalo 1973US v. The City of Buffalo 1973Buffalo PD found liable for Buffalo PD found liable for discrimination under Title VIIdiscrimination under Title VIITests had “little or no relation to Tests had “little or no relation to law enforcement skills”law enforcement skills”Systematically excluded women, Systematically excluded women, African Americans, and Latinos African Americans, and Latinos

Court ordered that Buffalo PD be Court ordered that Buffalo PD be monitored by the Justice Departmentmonitored by the Justice Department


Past PrecedentsPast PrecedentsJustice Department v Philadelphia Justice Department v Philadelphia Transit Police (1997)Transit Police (1997)In 1993 no women passed the required In 1993 no women passed the required fitness testfitness testTests are gender discriminatory and Tests are gender discriminatory and there are better waysthere are better waysJustice department looking for new Justice department looking for new tests and damages paid to victimstests and damages paid to victims• DOJ reversed its views and dropped case DOJ reversed its views and dropped case under current admin.under current admin.– DOJ new enemy to women’s progress? DOJ new enemy to women’s progress?


Speaking OutSpeaking OutNational Center for Women and National Center for Women and PolicingPolicingFounded by Chief Penny Harrington Founded by Chief Penny Harrington (1995)(1995)Goals of organization:Goals of organization:• Get more women in the police force (in Get more women in the police force (in higher ranks)higher ranks)

• Community policing reformsCommunity policing reforms• Improve police responses to violence Improve police responses to violence against womenagainst women

• Harrington speaks out against LAPDHarrington speaks out against LAPD


A few statisticsA few statistics

Progress has been made!Progress has been made!The LAPD:The LAPD:• According to LAPD departmental According to LAPD departmental statistics, of the department's 9,171 statistics, of the department's 9,171 officers, 1,708 are femaleofficers, 1,708 are female– That's 19%That's 19%

• In 1980, 178 or 2.6% of the 6,752 In 1980, 178 or 2.6% of the 6,752 officers were womenofficers were women

• William J. Bratton LAPD plans to William J. Bratton LAPD plans to increase women in its ranks by 25% this increase women in its ranks by 25% this yearyear


Statistics Cont’d Statistics Cont’d More numbers do not mean higher rankingsMore numbers do not mean higher rankingsThe New York Police Department, in The New York Police Department, in which 15% of all uniformed officers are which 15% of all uniformed officers are women, only 9% are sergeants, 6% are women, only 9% are sergeants, 6% are lieutenants, 3% are captains Second lieutenants, 3% are captains Second level”level”•Less than two percent of police Less than two percent of police nationwide (1.4%) in the very top nationwide (1.4%) in the very top echelons of the uniformed ranks are echelons of the uniformed ranks are womenwomen


Statistics Cont’dStatistics Cont’dHowever, the effects aren’t staying However, the effects aren’t staying aroundaround

Women comprise only 12.7% of large agencies Women comprise only 12.7% of large agencies nationwide nationwide • However, women account for 46.5% of employed persons However, women account for 46.5% of employed persons over the age of 16 over the age of 16

• Although women gained approximately half a Although women gained approximately half a percentage point per year within large police percentage point per year within large police agencies from 1972 to 1999, the figure has actually agencies from 1972 to 1999, the figure has actually declined from 14.3% in 1999 to 13.0% in 2000 and declined from 14.3% in 1999 to 13.0% in 2000 and 12.7% in 2001.12.7% in 2001.

88% of layoffs in NYPD hired in the last 2 88% of layoffs in NYPD hired in the last 2 years (late 80’s) were women years (late 80’s) were women


Quick Question Quick Question Did you know that India operates Did you know that India operates All- Women Police Stations All- Women Police Stations They respond exclusively to They respond exclusively to complaints of sexual harassment, complaints of sexual harassment, marital discord, child abuse, eve marital discord, child abuse, eve teasing, trafficking, suicides and teasing, trafficking, suicides and dowry harassment dowry harassment • Most of these AWPS’s are located within Most of these AWPS’s are located within general police stations general police stations


CU Police DepartmentCU Police Department

StatisticsStatisticsHow many females hold leadership How many females hold leadership positions at CUPD?positions at CUPD?• 1 of 4 Lieutenants and 1 of 6 Sergeants 1 of 4 Lieutenants and 1 of 6 Sergeants There is no quota on the # of WomenThere is no quota on the # of WomenCUPD is currently 19% femaleCUPD is currently 19% female


CU Police DepartmentCU Police DepartmentWhat are the 5 Most Important What are the 5 Most Important Characteristics of an Characteristics of an Officer?Officer?1)1) HonestyHonesty2)2) CommitmentCommitment3)3) Common SenseCommon Sense4)4) CompassionCompassion5)5) IntelligenceIntelligence


Hiring ProcedureHiring Procedure

OpeningOpeningSend request to HR department for Send request to HR department for postingposting2 week posting period2 week posting period

ApplicationApplicationPersonal History Questionnaire Personal History Questionnaire (PHQ)(PHQ)20 pages20 pages



Minimum RequirementsMinimum Requirements2 years of college or POST 2 years of college or POST (explained later)(explained later)> 7 Points Remaining on Drivers > 7 Points Remaining on Drivers LicenseLicenseBackground Check (NCIC, CCIC)Background Check (NCIC, CCIC)



Hour Long State Oral BoardsHour Long State Oral BoardsPerform TasksPerform TasksRole Play (Arrest)Role Play (Arrest)Written Instrument (police report)Written Instrument (police report)Verbal Question (When can you kill?)Verbal Question (When can you kill?)Thought Process (No right answer)Thought Process (No right answer)Communication Skills Assessment (How Communication Skills Assessment (How has 9/11 changed police work?)has 9/11 changed police work?)


Hiring ProcedureHiring ProcedureFull BackgroundFull BackgroundPsychological Exam (3-4hrs)Psychological Exam (3-4hrs)Polygraph Test (1hr)Polygraph Test (1hr)Background InvestigatorBackground Investigator• Trained to catch liesTrained to catch lies• Integrity Interview (Predicated on Dallas Integrity Interview (Predicated on Dallas PD test)PD test)

• Neighborhood canvasNeighborhood canvasCredit Check Credit Check (responsibility/stealing)(responsibility/stealing)


Hiring ProceduresHiring Procedures

Departmental BoardDepartmental BoardRecommends Candidates to Chief (Joe Recommends Candidates to Chief (Joe Roy)Roy)Grueling 30-45min Board with 5-7 Grueling 30-45min Board with 5-7 superiors (Lt., Srgt., Commanders) superiors (Lt., Srgt., Commanders) Every question asked predicated on Every question asked predicated on every detail of your backgroundevery detail of your background


Hiring ProcedureHiring ProcedureQualified OfferQualified Offer2nd Psychological Test (min of 3 on 5 2nd Psychological Test (min of 3 on 5 point scale)point scale)Medical Exam ( with intent to hire Medical Exam ( with intent to hire allowed by ADA)allowed by ADA)• TreadmillTreadmill• Blood WorkBlood Work• PhysicalPhysical

Hiring Decisions NOT based on Hiring Decisions NOT based on quotasquotasExactly the same for men and womenExactly the same for men and women


New HiresNew Hires

Probation for a YearProbation for a YearCommence Police AcademyCommence Police AcademyDeclaration of understandingDeclaration of understandingMinimum of 546 HoursMinimum of 546 Hours> 70% on Post Test> 70% on Post Test

Month Long Mini AcademyMonth Long Mini AcademyPatrol Training Officer (16 Patrol Training Officer (16 weeks x 40hrs)weeks x 40hrs)


New HiresNew Hires

Then Probation for 2 monthsThen Probation for 2 monthsNow you’re an officer at the Now you’re an officer at the bottom of the barrel. Welcome!bottom of the barrel. Welcome!Total Costs of Training are Total Costs of Training are appx. $21,000 per employeeappx. $21,000 per employee


POSTPOST• Was established by the Was established by the legislature in 1959.legislature in 1959.

–Originated to set minimum Originated to set minimum selection and training standards selection and training standards for law enforcement.for law enforcement.

• The POST organization has The POST organization has more than 130 staff members.more than 130 staff members.• The organization is The organization is voluntary and incentive based.voluntary and incentive based.


POSTPOSTPeace Officer Standards Peace Officer Standards

and Trainingand Training• The mission of Colorado POST The mission of Colorado POST is to establish and maintain is to establish and maintain standards for peace officer standards for peace officer training and certification that training and certification that are relevant, realistic and are relevant, realistic and responsive to our ever-changing responsive to our ever-changing world.world.• Their motto is “Unto dust you Their motto is “Unto dust you shall return the day you stop shall return the day you stop representing the street.”representing the street.”


CU Police DepartmentCU Police DepartmentDoes having women affect the culture Does having women affect the culture within the department? In a positive within the department? In a positive or negative way?or negative way?

““I believe having women and men working I believe having women and men working together adds to the culture and together adds to the culture and effectiveness of the department. There effectiveness of the department. There are times when victims are more are times when victims are more comfortable speaking with a member of the comfortable speaking with a member of the same sex about a criminal incident, and same sex about a criminal incident, and having men and women available aids in the having men and women available aids in the investigation.”investigation.”


CU Police DepartmentCU Police DepartmentAre their problems in terms of Are their problems in terms of strength, and authority that women run strength, and authority that women run into?into?

““No, generally tools provided officers No, generally tools provided officers allow to disparities in strength. There’s allow to disparities in strength. There’s never a guarantee that the officer present never a guarantee that the officer present (male or female) is going to be the (male or female) is going to be the strongest/most fit/best trained/etc. to strongest/most fit/best trained/etc. to counteract an uncooperative subject. counteract an uncooperative subject. Training with tools and in tactics Training with tools and in tactics overcome most situations that officers overcome most situations that officers encounter.”encounter.”


CU Police DepartmentCU Police DepartmentIn war men feel an innate need to In war men feel an innate need to protect women on their team in protect women on their team in hostile situations. That is one of hostile situations. That is one of the major problems with fielding the major problems with fielding women in the military. Is there a women in the military. Is there a similar concern within the PD?similar concern within the PD?““The feeling of protecting one The feeling of protecting one another in police work typically another in police work typically transcends gender.”transcends gender.”


QuestionQuestion

After this intensive hiring After this intensive hiring process do you feel that you are process do you feel that you are protected by women just as well protected by women just as well as men? Have your opinions as men? Have your opinions changed? Are there other things changed? Are there other things the PD could be doing to make the PD could be doing to make the process more fair?the process more fair?


QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?

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Documents

society women

male counterparts

male peers

buffalo pd

city of buffalo

huge gender gap

equal pay act

sexbased comments