title for notes: china’s transformation list three things you remember from previous studies of...
TRANSCRIPT
Title for Notes:China’s Transformation
List three things you remember from previous studies of China.
• Gunpowder
•Great Wall of China- to keep nomadic invaders out
•Paper
•Paper money
•Printing
•Silk production
•Magnetic compass
•Foot binding- women are seen as inferior
•Ethnocentric – belief that they are superior to other ethnic groups
Warm-Up:
Why has China remained “untouched” until the 1800’s?
• They are self-sufficient- rich agricultural economy- especially with quick-growing rice and crops from the Americas
• Had extensive mining and manufacturing industries- salt, tin, silver, iron, silk production, cotton and porcelain.
• Qing Emperors had little interest in the west- did not like idea of Christianity, were not impressed with western items.
#1 Opium War: Watch video and write down 5 facts
• China was uninterested in trade with the west.
•Europeans find a product Chinese would buy- Opium
•British smuggle Opium into China- by 1835 12 million Chinese are addicted to opium
•Britain refuses China’s request to stop the opium trade
•Opium War breaks out in 1839- China’s military is outdated
•Outcome- Treaty of Nanking- Britain gets Hong Kong, more access to ports, US and others sign another treaty gaining extraterritorial rights.
•Extraterritorial rights- foreigners do not have to follow Chinese laws.
#2 Taiping Rebellion
•Rebellion led by Hong Xiuquan
•Wanted to build a “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace”
•Army of over one million peasants took control of southeastern China and captured Nanjing
•Qing, British and French attack Taiping and it collapses.
•20 million die in the rebellion
#3 Self-strengthening Movement
•Led by Dowager Empress Cixi
•Tries to reform:
•Update China’s educational system, diplomatic service, military
•Set up factories to manufacture steam-powered gunboats, rifles, ammunition
•Too little, too late!
#4 Open Door Policy: Watch the video and take at least 5 notes
•US policy passed in 1899
•Opens China to merchants of all nations
•Insures protection of US trade rights
•Keeps China free from colonization
•Spheres of Influence are set up in China- foreign nations control trade and investment in certain areas of China
#5 Boxer Rebellion:Watch video and write down 3 facts
• Chinese resent foreign influence and economic control in China
•Dowager Empress organizes Boxers- slogan: “Death to foreign devils”
• Multinational force defeats the uprising
•Does show that the Chinese have a nationalist spirit
China never wanted foreigners any more than foreigners wanted Chinamen, and on this question I am with the Boxers every time. The Boxer is a patriot. He loves his country better than he does the countries of other people. I wish him success. The Boxer believes in driving us out of his country. I am a Boxer too, for I believe in driving him out of our country.
Mark
Twain
1900
Title for Notes:
Japan’s Transformation
•4,000 islands = archipelago (island group)
•Mild climate
•Mountainous
•Only 12% of land suitable for farming
•Lacks natural resources like coal, oil and iron
Shinto- native religion- based on nature
•Influence of Buddhism from Korea
•Cultural borrowing from Chinese such as cooking, drinking ea, gardening
•Heian Period- elaborate ritual and artistic pursuits
•Feudalism- Emperor- no real political power
Shogun- actual ruler
Samurai- warriors, code- bushido /daimyo- landlords
Peasants
Merchants
Tokugawa Shogunate
• Portuguese arrive in Japan- 1543
•Spanish, Dutch, and English Traders arrive
•Japan acquires knowledge of European weapons and ideas
•Christian missionaries arrive
•Japan fears presence of missionaries will bring conquest by Western powers
•Japan suspects Japanese Christians will be loyal to Church instead of nation
AFTER CLOSING THE DOOR
•Japan expels missionaries, persecutes Japanese Christians
•Japan bars Western merchants and bans foreign travel
•Foreign trade severely limited
•Japan’s only contact with the West comes through annual visit of a few Dutch merchant ships
•Internal trade booms
•Cities grow
•Japan is forced to reopen relations with the West- 1853
Japan Opens Up•Matthew Perry arrives in 1853
Watch video and take 5 notes
Japan Opens Up
•Matthew Perry arrives in 1853- What was his tactic?? Was it effective??
•Japan must sing Treaty of Kanagawa- Japan opens two ports for US ships to take on supplies
•Foreigners gain extraterritorial rights
Meiji Era/Meiji Restoration
• Tokugawa shogun steps down and Emperor Mutsuhito takes control
•Realizes the need to modernize: Watch video and take 5 notes
Meiji Era/Meiji Restoration• Tokugawa shogun steps down and Emperor Mutsuhito takes control
•Realizes the need to modernize:
•Has Japanese study in Europe and north America
•Use Germany’s constitution as a model
•Use German army and British navy as guidelines for their own
•Used the US system of universal public education
•Industrialized- builds railroads, factories
•Eliminates extraterritorial rights
•Becomes imperialistic
Becoming Imperialistic• Sino-Japanese War- fights China for control of Korea and Manchuria- gains Taiwan and other Islands
•Russo-Japanese War- fights Russia for control of Manchuria and Korea- Russia is defeated- Japan gains more territory
•Japan begins to occupy Korea in 1905, in 1910 Japan annexes Korea
•Treats Koreans poorly- replaces Korean language and history with Japanese, takes away land, forbade Koreans from opening businesses