Tissues

• Similar in structure and function

• Four Types– Epithelial – Connective– Muscular– Nervous

Epithelial Connective Nervous Muscular Credits

Human Tissue

Epithelial• Cellularity• Special Contacts

– Junctions & Desmosomes• Polarity

– Apical & Basal• Avascular but Innervted• Regenerative• Classified by simple or

squamous

Simple Stratified

Epithelial Tissue

Simple Epithelial

• Single Layer• Four Types

– Squamous– Cuboidal– Columnar– Psuedostratified Columnar

Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Psuedostratified Columnar

Simple Epitheial Tissue

Simple Squamous

• Single Layer of Flat Cells• Functions

– Diffusion, Filteration, Provides Friction

• Found in:– Kidneys, Glomeruli, Lining

of Heart, Blood vessels, Lymphatic Vessels & Serosae

Simple Cuboidal Simple Columnar Psuedostratified Columnar

Simple Cuboidal

• Single Layer of Cube Shaped Cells

• Functions• Secretion & Absorption

• Present in:• Kidney Tubules, Ducts &

Glands, & Ovary Surface

Simple Squamous Simple Columnar Psuedostratified Columnar

Simple Columnar• Single Layer of tall shaped

cells• Some contain Cilia• Goblet Cells• Functions;

• Absorption & Secretion• Nonciliated: Lines Digestive

tract & Gallbladder• Ciliated: Lines bronchi,

uterine tubes & some regions of uterus

Simple Squamous Simple Cuboidal Psuedostratified Columnar

Simple Columnar Epithelial

Psuedostratified Columnar• Single layer w/ Different

Heights• Nuclei seen at different

layers• Function- Secretion &

Propulsion of Mucus• Found in:

• Male Sperm- carrying ducts & Large Glands

• Ciliated found in:• Trachea & Upper respiratory

tract

Simple Squamous Simple Cuboidal Simple Columnar

Stratified Epithelial

• Two or more Layers of Cells

• Four types:– Squamous, Cuboidal,

Columnar, Transitional

Strat. Squamous Strat. Cuboidal Strat. Columnar Transitional

Stratified Epithelial

Stratified Squamous

• Thick Membrane w/ multiple layers

• Most Widespread• Protects• Keratinized &

NonKerantinized• Keratinized- External part of

epidermis• Non- Keratinized- lines

esophagus, mouth, & vagina

Strat. Cuboidal Strat. Columnar Transitional

Stratified Cuboidal

• Typically 2 cell layers• Rare• Found in Sweat and

Mammary Gland

Strat. Columnar Strat. Squamous Transitional

Stratified Cuboidal

Stratified Columnar

• Limited Distribution in body

• Found in:– Pharynx, male urethra,

lining of glandular ducts, and transition areas between tissues

• Apical layer = Columnar

Strat. Squamous Strat. Cuboidal Transitional

Transitional

• Several Cell Layers• Basal cells are Cuboidal• Surface cells are dome

shaped• Stretchy• Lines:

• Urinary bladder, ureters, & part of urethra

Strat. Squamous Strat. Cuboidal Strat. Columnar

Connective Tissue

• Most Abundant• Found through out the body• Four Types:

– Connective Tissue Proper, Cartilige, Bone, Blood

• Function: Binding and Support, Protection, Insulation, Transportation

• Common Origin• Degrees of vascularity• Non-living extracellular matrix

• Cartilage

Connective Tiss. Proper Cartilage Bone Blood

Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue Proper

• 2 Subclasses– Loose and Dense

• Majority of mature Connective Tissue

Loose Connective Dense Connective

Connective Tissue Proper

Loose Connective Tissue

• Three Types• Areolar• Adiopose• Reticular

Adiopose Areolar Reticular

Areolar Connective Tissue

• Gel- Like Matrix• Cushions Organ• Widely Distributed• Contain:

• Fibroblasts• Macrophages• Mast Cells• White Blood Cells

Adiopose Reticular

Adipose (Fat)• Similar Matrix to Areolar• Closely packed Adiopocytes• Function:

– Stores & reserves Food– Insulates– Supports and protects

• Located: • Under skin, In abdomen,

Around Kidneys, In breasts• Serve Nutrient Needs

Areolar Reticular

Reticular

• Loose Ground Substance• Reticular Fibers• Forms soft internal

skeleton• Found in:

• Lymph nodes• Spleen• Bone Marrow

Areolar Adipose

Reticular Connective Tissue

Dense ConnectiveTissue

• 2 types– Regular & Irregular

• Fibers are predominant element

Dense Regular Dense Irregular

Dense Connective Tissue

Dense Regular

• Special Contacts– Junctions & Desmosomes

• Polarity– Apical & Basal

• Avascular but Innervted• Regenerative• Classified by simple or

squamous

Dense Irregular

Dense Irregular• Same Structural Elements

as Regular• Thicker irregular collagen

fibers• Forms sheets in tension

areas• Fiberous joint capsules &

fiberous coverings surrounding some organs

Dense Regular

Dense Irregular

Cartilage • Withstands Tension &

Condension• Tough but flexible• Avascular & lacks nerves

fibers• Chondroblasts• 80% water• Heals slowly• 3 Types: Hyaline, Elastic,

Fibrocartilage

Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage

Cartilage

Hyaline Cartilage• Most Abundant• Many Collagen Fibers• Matrix appears glassy• Functions: Supports and

Reinforces, Cushions, Resists Compression stress

• Found:• Embryonic skeletons• Ends of long bones• Nose• Trachea• Larynx• Costal cartilage of ribs

Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage

Elastic Cartilage• Cellularity• Special Contacts

– Junctions & Desmosomes• Polarity

– Apical & Basal• Avascular but Innervted• Regenerative• Classified by simple or

squamous

Hyaline Cartilage Fibrocartilage

Fibrocartilage• Matrix similar to Hyaline• Rows of Chondrocytes

alternating with thick collagen fibers

• Compressive but resists Tension

• Supports & withstands heavy pressure

• Found in:• Intervertabral discs• Spongey cartilage of knee

Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage

Bone• Rock-Like hardness• Supports & Protects Body• Provides cavities for fat

storage & synthesis of blood cells

• Added matrix element: Inorganic Calcium salts

• Marrow is site for hemotopolesis

• Stores:– Calcium, Minerals, Fat

Blood• Fluid w/in Blood Vessels• Most atypicial• Made up of Blood Cells• Main function:

Transportation

Muscular Tissue• Highly cellular• Well Vascularized• Responsible for majority

of bodily movement• Posses myofiliments• 3 Types

– Skeletal– Cardiac– Smooth

Skeletal Cardiac Smooth

Muscular Tissue

Skeletal Muscle• Attached to Bone• Forms Flesh• Cause movement of

bones• Muscle Fibers• Classified by simple or

squamous

Cardiac Muscle Smooth Muscle

Cardiac Muscle• Found in walls of heart• Propels Blood• Uninucleate• Branching Cells

Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle

Smooth Muscle• No Visible Striations• Spindle-shaped cells• Found in walls of hollow

organs• Squeezes substances

through organs

Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle

Nervous Tissue• Main component of

Nervous System• Neurons• Various Support Cells

Credits• Pictures

– Tissues-www.bioscience.co.uk/cytomyx.asp – Epithelial-

nte-serveur.univ-lyon1.fr/.../epithelial1.html – Simple Epithelial- micro.magnet.fsu.edu– Simple Columnar-www.bluegrass.kctcs.edu – Stratified

Epithelial-www.gwc.maricopa.edu/.../histoprc/prac17a.htm

– Stratified cuboidal-http://w3.ouhsc.edu/histology/Text%20Sections/Epithelium.html

– Connective Tissue-cytochemistry.net – Connective Tissue Proper- anatomy.iupui.edu

– Reticular Connective Proper-www.udel.edu/.../histopage/colorpage/cct/cct.htm

– Dense Irregular-missinglink.ucsf.edu – Cartilage-

www.abcam.com/ps/datasheet/images/ab13976_1.jpg

– All Others picture from- Jordan Rudack, John Peters, Cameron Zachery

– Muscular Tissue- http://www.up.ac.za/academic/medicine/telemed/Hist/spier/spier01e.html

• Sounds– By Jordan Rudack– End credits- Kanye West: Good Life