tissues pg 74- 87. what is a tissue? a group of cells with similar structure and function
TRANSCRIPT
Tissues
Pg 74- 87
What is a Tissue?
• A group of cells with similar structure and function.
How can we grow tissues? How can we make cells of each
tissue type?
• Through the use of stem cells.
• How do we grow stem cells?
• What is a stem cell?
GrowingStem Cells
• Stem• Cell • Differentiation
Stem Cell Diagram
• STEM CELL
• Tissue
• Organ System
Epithelial Tissue
• Epithe = laid on / covering
• Lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body.
• Jobs: Protection, Absorption, Filtration, Secretion
How are Epithelial Cells Made?
Mapping Cell Fates
What are the 2 Parts of tissues?
• Apical Surface: Exposed surface of the cell. Free side. May have cilia or villi
• Basement Membrane: Lower surface
• Epithelial tissue is Avascular: no blood supply. Diffusion.
Names attached to Tissues
• Number of Layers
– Simple = one layer
– Stratified = more than one layer
• Describing Shape
– Squamous cells = Flat (SQUAM = scale)
– Cuboidal cells = cube-shaped
– Columnar cells = column shaped
Types of Epithelium and their use
• Simple Epithelia
• Stratified Epithelia
• Glandular Epithelia
Simple Epithelia: Thin, used to absorb, secrete, and filter
• Simple Squamous Epithelium– Air sacs of lungs, capillary walls, and
lines arteries and body cavities. Fig. 3.16 Flat and tight fitting
• Simple Cuboidal Epithelium– In glands and ducts. Make up the tubes in
the body. Kidneys, Pancreas, Salivary Glands. Fig 3.16b
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Make up the capillaries and Alveoli, allows for diffusion.
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Function for secretion and absorption. Line the kidneys.
Treating
DiabetesStem-Cell
Simple Epithelium continued. Fig 3.17
• Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
– Cells are different heights. Absorption and secretion. Respiratory tract. Moves mucous and dust away from lungs. Often Cilliated.
• Simple Columnar Epithelium
– Tall cells. Mucous. Open to outside- mucus membranes. Fig 3.16b Absorption and secretion. Line respiratory and dig. System.
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Simple Columnar Epithelium
In the Intestine
What are the types of Stratified Epithelia?
• Stratified Squamous Epithelium
• Statified Cuboidal and Columnar Epithelium
• Transitional Epithelium
• Glandular Epithelium
Stratified Epithelia
• Stratified Squamous Epithelium– Most common form in the body. Good
for areas of high friction: Mouth, Hands, etc.
• Stratified Transitional Epithelium– Only found in the Urinary system.
Stretch and retract well.
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
A= stratified B= Squamous
Transitional Epithelium
A= transitional cells do not flatten, look simmilar to B
More Stratified Epithelia
• Glandular Epithelium. Secrete
– Make up the Endocrine and Exocrine Glands
What are the types of Connective Tissue? (most common Tissue)
• Bone
• Cartilage
• Dense Connective Tissue
• Loose Connective Tissue
• Areolar Tissue
• Adipose Tissue
Connective Tissues
• Bone: Hard. Used for protection and support
• Cartilage: Softer and more flexible than bone. Very few blood vessels. Repair is difficult.
• Dense Connective Tissue: Tendons and Ligaments.
Bone
A= central canal B= lamella
C = osteocytes D= canaliculi
Hyaline Cartilage
A= chondrocytes B= Matrix C= Lacunae
Not stretchy, resists compression.
Nose, Ears, Trachea, Spinal Disks & Joints
Dense Connective Tissue
A=fibroblasts B= Callageneous fibers
Connective Tissue
• Loose Connection Tissues
– Areolar Tissue: Spongy. Soaks up fluid. Holds water and Salt. Protects and nourishes.
– Adipose Tissue: Fat, Cushions, energy storage
– Blood: Blood cells and Plasma
Aerolar Tissue
Allows for organ expansion. Also used for protection of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves.
Adipose Tissue
Cells store energy, insulate, and provide padding. Fat for use under skin, around, heart, and kidneys
Blood
Platlets
Review of
stem cells
How do stem cells help make blood?
• Stem Cell Research. How is the procedure done?
What are the Three Muscle Tissues?
• Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary movements
• Cardiac Muscle: Heart, involuntary
• Smooth Muscle: Involuntary.
Skeletal Muscle Cell
Smooth Muscle
Long thin nuclei and no striations
What are the Nervous Tissues?
• Neurons or nerves- transport electrochemical signals.
• Supporting cells: Insulate, feed, and protect Neurons.
The Controversies and Possibilities of Stem Cells
PBS VIDEO
STEM CELLSQuicktime
Movie
Adult Stem Cells
Where could Stem Cells Lead?
• How could we use this technology on humans?
Newt Arm Regeneration