tissues lauren viola
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Tissues
• A group of cells with similar structure and function.
• Types:– Epithelial– Connective– Muscle– Nervous
Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous Credits
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Epithelial Tissues• Avascular but inverted• Regenerative• Special contacts• Composed entirely of
cells• Supported by connective
tissue• Three types
– Squamos– Cuboidal– Columnar
Home Squamos Columnar Cuboidal Transitional
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Simple Squamos
• Single layer of flattened cells with disc shaped nuclei; sparse cytoplasm
• Functions– Diffusion and filtration– Provides a slick lining in
lymphatic and cardiovascular systems
Home Epithelial Stratified Squamos
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Stratified Squamos
• Composed of several layers of cells
• Protects underlying areas subjected to abrasion
• Located in the epidermis, linings of the esophagus and mouth
Home Epithelial Simple Squamos
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Simple Cuboidal
• Single layer of cube like cells with large spherical nuclei
• Secrets and absorbs in kidney tubules, ducts of glands and ovary surface
Home Epithelial Stratified Cuboidal
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Stratified Cuboidal
• Rare in body• Typically two cell layers
thick• Found in sweat and
mammary glands
Home Epithelial Simple Cuboidal
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Simple Columnar
• Single layer of tall cells with oval nuclei; many contain cilia
• Absorbs and secretes• Non-ciliated type line
digestive tract and gall bladder
• Ciliated type lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus
Home Epithelial Stratified Columnar Psuedostratified Columnar
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Stratified Columnar
• Limited in body• Found in pharynx, male
urethra ad lining of glandular ducts
• Also at transitional areas between two other types of epithelium
Home Epithelial Simple Columnar Pseudostratified Columnar
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Pseudostratified Columnar• Single layer of cells with
different heights• Nuclei are seen at
different layers• Secretes and propels
mucous• Present in male sperm
carrying ducts (non-ciliated) ,and in the trachea (ciliated)
Home Epithelial Simple Columnar Stratified Columnar
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Transitional
• Several cell layers thick• Stretches to permit
distension of the bladder
• Lines bladder, uterus and part of the urethra
Home Epithelial Columnar Squamos Cuboidal
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Connective Tissues
• Ten Types– Proper: dense regular– Proper: dense irregular– Proper: loose reticular– Proper: loose arealar– Proper: loose adipose– Hyaline cartilage– Elastic cartilage– Fibrocartilage– Osseous (bone)– Blood
Home Proper Cartilage Bone Blood
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Proper: Dense Regular
• Parallel collagen fibers with a few elastic fibers
• Major cell type is fibroblasts
• Attaches muscles to bone and other muscles to and bone to bone
• Found in tendons and ligaments
Home Connective Tissue Dense Irregular Loose Adipose Loose Reticular Loose Arealar
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Proper: Dense Irregular
• Irregularly arranges collagen fibers with some elastic fibers
• Fibroblasts is the major cell type
• Withstands tension in many directions
• Found in dermis, submucosa of digestive tract and fibrous organ capsules
Home Connective Tissue Dense Regular Loose Adipose Loose Reticular Loose Arealar
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Loose: Adipose
• Very sparse matrix• Closely packed fat cells,
nuclei pushed to one side by large fat droplets
• Insulates heat and protects organs
• Found under skin, around kidneys, eyeballs and in breasts
Home Connective Tissue Dense Irregular Dense Regular
Loose Reticular Loose Arealar
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Loose: Areolar
• Gel like matrix with all 3 fiber types; fibroblasts, macrophages, and some white blood cells
• Cushions organs and holds tissue fluid
• Widely distributed under the epithelial of body
Home Connective Tissue Dense Irregular Dense Regular Loose Adipose Loose Reticular
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Loose: Reticular
• Network of reticular fiber in a loose ground substance.
• Forms a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types.
• Found in lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen
Home Connective Tissue Dense Irregular Dense Regular Loose Adipose Loose Arealar
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Cartilage: Hyaline
• Amphorus, firm matrix with imperceptible network of collagen fibers
• Has lacunae• Supports, reinforce,
cushions and resists compression
• Found in embryonic skeleton
Home Connective Tissue Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage
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Cartilage: Elastic
• Similar to hyaline but with more elastic fibers
• Maintains shape and structure while allowing flexibility
• Supports external ear
Home Connective Tissue Hyaline Cartilage Fibrocartilage
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Cartilage: Fibrocartilage
• Matrix is less firm then hyaline cartilage with thick collagen fibers
• Provides tensile strength and absorbs compression shock.
Home Connective Tissue Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage
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Bone
• Hard, calcified matrix with collagen fibers
• Supports protects and provides levers for muscular action
• Stores calcium, minerals and fats
• Well vascularized• Marrow inside bone is the
site of hematopoiesis
Home Connective Tissue Proper CartilageBlood
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Blood
• Red and white cells found in a fluid matrix (plasma)
• Functions in the transport of respiratory gasses, nutrients and wastes
• Contained within blood cells
Home Connective Tissue Proper CartilageBone
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Muscle Tissue
• Highly cellular and well vascularized
• Possess myofilaments• Three types
– Skeletal– Cardiac– Smooth
Home Skeletal Cardiac Smooth
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Skeletal
• Long cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious striations.
• Controls voluntary movement
• Found in skeletal muscles that attach bones or skin.
Home Muscular Tissue Cardiac Smooth
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Cardiac
• Branching, striated, uninucleate cells interlocking at intercalated discs
• Propels blood into circulation
• Found in the walls of the heart
Home Muscular Tissue Smooth Skeletal
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Smooth
• Sheets of spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei
• No striations• Propels substances
along internal passageways
• Found in the walls of hollow organs
Home Muscular Tissue Cardiac Skeletal
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Nervous Tissue
• Branched neurons with long cellular processes
• Transmits electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors
• Found in brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves
Home