tissues chapter 4. 5/8/2015copyright (your organization) 20032 what is a tissue? a group of similar...
TRANSCRIPT
TissuesChapter 4
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What is a Tissue?
A group of SIMILAR cells that function together to carry out specialized actions.
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What is Histology?
Study of Tissues
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4 Types of Tissues
• Epithelial• Connective• Muscle• Nervous
Epithelial Tissue
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• Forms the coverings of all of the body’s surfaces
• Lines body cavities • Functions:
– Protection– Secretion– Absorption– Excretion– Filtration– Diffusion– Sensory Reception
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Types of Epithelial Tissue
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Simple Squamous
• Allows for diffusion, filtration, and osmosis
• Examples:– Lines heart– Lines Blood
vessels– Lines Alveoli
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Stratified Squamous
• Lining of smooth muscles• Superficial layer of skin• Esophagus, mouth, vagina• Aides in protection
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Simple Cuboidal
• Aides in secretion and absorption• Examples
– Surface of ovaries– Kidney tubules
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Stratified Cuboidal• Aides in protection• Examples:
– Sweat gland ducts– Male urethra
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Simple Columnar (NON-CILIATED)
• Lines: – GI tract– Gall bladder
• Aides in:– Secretion – Absorption
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Ciliated Simple Columnar• Located in:
– Respiratory tract– Fallopian tubes– Uterus– Sinuses
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Transitional
• Located in:– Urinary bladder– Uterus– Urethra
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Pseudostratified Columnar
• Aides in the movement of material• CiliatedUpper Respiratory tract
• Non-ciliatedEpididymus and male urethra
Connective Tissues
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Functions
• Bind structures together• Supports the organs and the
body (Framework)• Stores fat• Transports substances• Protects from disease• Helps repair tissue damage
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Types1. Areolar (loose)
• Stretchable, superficial, soft tissue
• Examples:• Surrounds blood vessels and
nerves• Attaches skin to muscles
(Fascia)
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2. Adipose:• Functions
– Stores Fats– Protects and supports– Insulates – Food reservoir
• Located anywhere fat is in excess
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3. Dense (fibrous):• Provide flexible but strong
connections• Examples:
– Tendons (Bone-Muscle)– Ligaments (Bone-Bone)– Aponeuroses (Muscle-
Muscle)
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4. Reticular:• Functions
– Forms network of spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow
– Provides defense against microorganisms
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• Bone->Compact and spongy
• Blood->55% liquid/plasma
45% formed elements
Specialized Types
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• Cartilage->Hyaline
Fibrous
Elastic
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• All have nerve supply (Except Cartilage)
• Very Vascular (Except Cartilage)
• All consist of cells and matrix– Matrix=fibers between the
cells
Muscle Tissue
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Components
• Made up of cells that can shorten or contract in order to produce movement in body parts
• Well supplied with blood vessels• Cells are long and slender
(muscle fibers)• Actin and myosin are contractile
proteins.– http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/movies/acti
n_myosin.html
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3 Types of Muscle Tissues
1. Skeletal->regular (voluntary)• Aka. Striated (striped)• Many nuclei per cell b/c extremely long
2. Smooth->intestines (involuntary)• Non-striated
1. Cardiac->heart (involuntary)• Striated
Nervous Tissue
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• Located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
• Coordinates and controls many of the bodies activities
• Stimulates muscle contractions
• Creates awareness• Has a role in emotions,
memory, and reasoning.
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Membranes
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• Flat sheet of pliable tissue that covers or lines a body part
1. Mucous Membranes->line body cavity that opens to the outside
• Ex: Respiratory and Digestive Tracts
2. Serous Membranes->line body cavity that does not open to the outside
~Layers1. Parietal-attaches to cavity wall2. Visceral-attaches to organs
~Types1. Pleural2. Pericardial3. Peritoneum