tips and advice - oils
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Tips and Advice - OilsTRANSCRIPT
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4/2/2015 TipsandAdviceOils
http://www.finning.ca/Services/Machine_Services/Machine_Maintenance/Fluid_Analysis/Tips_and_Advice/Oils.aspx 1/4
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Ask the Expert ...about Oils
Selectaquestionfromoneofthethreecategoriesbelow(engineoils,hydraulicoils&transmission/finaldriveoils)toviewtheexpert'sanswer.
EngineOilsCanIusethenewCI4ratedoilsinmydieselengine?WhatdoestheAPIdesignationonmyengineoilmean?WhataretheAPIOilCategories?WhatisthedifferencebetweenthecurrentCH4oilandpreviousoils?Isoilcontainingrerefinedbasestocksacceptable?CanImixoilsfromdifferentmanufacturers?CanImixoilsofdifferentviscosity?Aresomeoilsbetterthanothers?CanIuseengineoilinthetransmissionorfinaldrivesofmyCatmachine?WhataretheEngineManufacturersAssociationoilratings?CanIuseengineoilinmyhydraulicsystem?CanIusedieselengineoilinmygasolineengines?
HydraulicOilsCanImixengineoil(orengineoilthatisrebrandedashydraulicoil)andISOtypeindustrialhydraulicoil?HowdoIknowifthehydraulicoilisarebrandedengineoil?HowdoIrecognizeanISOindustrialhydraulicoil?WhydoesCaterpillarrecommendtheuseofengineoil(orengineoilrebrands)ashydraulicoil?CanIuseindustrialtypeoilsinmyhydraulicsystem?Whatistherecommendedcleanlinesslevelforhydraulicoil?
Transmission/FinalDriveOilsWhatoilcanIuseintheHydrostatictransmissioninmyBobcat?WhyareTO4oilsrecommendedformytransmissionandfinaldrivesonmostCatmachines?WhatoilshouldIuseifIoperateinverycoldconditions?HowcleanshouldIkeepmytransmissionfluids?Whatisthecleanlinesslevelformyfinaldrivefluid?
CAN I USE THE NEW CI-4 RATED OILS IN MY DIESEL ENGINE?
Ifyourenginecallsforanoilthatendswith"4"suchasCG4youcanusetheCI4oilwithoutconcernoveranegativeimpactonyourdieselengine.ThethreemaintestsfortheCI4oilaremoreseverethanforthepreviousoilsbuttheoilisbackwardscompatiblewithearlier4oils.
WHAT DOES THE API DESIGNATION ON MY ENGINE OIL MEAN?
TheAPI(AmericanPetroleumInstitute)servicesymbolandcertificationmarkidentifiesqualityengineoilsforgasolineanddieselpoweredvehicles.OilsdisplayingtheAPImarksmeetperformancerequirementssetbyU.S.andinternationalvehicleandenginemanufacturesandthelubricantsindustry.
DIESELENGINEOILCATEGORIESOilsdesignedfordieselenginesfallunderAPI's"C"category.LookforperformancelevelssuchasCH4,CG4,andCF2.
GASOLINEENGINECATEGORIESOilsdesignedforgasolineengineservicefallunderAPI's"C"category.LookforperformancelevelssuchasSJorSH.
WHAT ARE THE API OIL CATEGORIES?
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DieselEngines
CH4 CurrentIntroducedDecember1998.ForhighspeedFourstrokeenginesdesignedtomeet1998Exhaustemissionstandards.ForusewithfuelsWithsulfurcontentupto0.5%weight.CanbeusedinplaceofCD,CE,CF4,andCG4oils.
CG4 CurrentIntroducedin1995.ForseveredutyhighSpeed4strokeenginesusingfuellessthan0.5%sulfurweight.Forenginesmeeting1994emissionstandards.CanbeusedinplaceofCD,CE,andCF4oils.
CF4 Current Introducedin1990.For4strokenaturallyaspiratedandturbochargedengines.CanBeusedinplaceofCDandCDoils.
CF2 Current Introducedin1994.ForseveredutytwoStrokeengines.CanbeusedinplaceofCD2oils.
CF Current Introducedin1994.ForoffroadenginesIncludingthoseusingfuelwithover0.5%.Sulfur.CanbeusedinplaceofCDoils.
CE Obsolete Introducedin1987.ForfourstrokehighspeedEngines.CanbeusedinplaceofCCandCDoils.CD2 Obsolete Introducedin1987.Fortwostrokeengines.CD Obsolete Introducedin1955.ForcertainnaturallyaspiratedAndturbochargedengines.CC Obsolete Forenginesintroducedin1961.CB Obsolete Formoderatedutyengines1949to1960.CA Obsolete Forlightdutyengines1940'sand1950's.
GasolineEngines
SJ Current Forallautomotiveenginespresentlyinuse.IntroducedintheAPIservicesymbolin1996.SH Obsolete Formodelyear1996andolderengines.SG Obsolete Formodelyear1993andolderengines.SF Obsolete Formodelyear1988andolderengines.SE Obsolete Formodelyear1979andolderengines.SD Obsolete Formodelyear1971andolderengines.SC Obsolete Formodelyear1967andolderengines.SB Obsolete Forolderengines.Useonlywhenspecifiedbythemanufacturer.SA Obsolete Forolderengines.Noperformancerequirements.WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE CURRENT CH-4 OIL AND PREVIOUS OILS?
TheAPICH4oilsweredevelopedtomeettheneedsofthenewhighperformancedieselenginesincludingthelowemissionengines.TheseoilswillexceedtheperformanceofthepreviousCG4oilsintheareasofdepositsonpistons,controlofoilconsumption,wearonpistonrings,valvetrainwear,viscositycontrol,andcorrosion.
ThreenewenginetestsweredevelopedfortheCH4oil.Thefirsttestspecificallyevaluatesdepositsonpistonsforengineswiththetwopiecesteelpiston.Thispistondeposittestalsoevaluatesthecontrolofoilconsumption.Asecondtestmeasuresthewearonpistonrings,wearoncylinderliners,andresistancetocorrosion.Athirdnewtestmeasuresthewearonthevalvetrain,theresistanceoftheoiltoplugthefilter,andthecontrolofsludgeallunderhighsootconditions.
InadditiontheseCH4oilshavetougherlimitsforviscositycontrolinapplicationsthatgeneratehighsootandhaveimprovedoxidationresistance.CH4oilsmustpassanadditionaltestforpistondepositcontrolinenginesthatusesinglepiecealuminumpistons.Oilperformanceisalsoestablishedforenginesthatoperateinareaswithhighsulfurdieselfuel.
AsaresultCH4oilsarerecommendedforuseinextendeddrainintervalsthatdemandtheuseofpremiumoil.
IS OIL CONTAINING RE-REFINED BASE STOCKS ACCEPTABLE?
OilscontainingrerefinedbasestocksareacceptableforuseinCaterpillarenginesiftheymeetthespecifiedperformancerequirements.Thererefinedbasestockoilscanbeusedexclusivelyinfinishedoilofincombinationwithnewbasestockoil.Theprocessthatisusedtoproducethererefinedbasestockoilgenerallyinvolvesvacuumdistillationandhydrotreatingoftheusedoil.
Filteringisinadequatefortheproductionofhighqualitybasestocks.
CAN I MIX OILS FROM DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS?
Oilsfromdifferentsupplierscanbemixedaslongastheyarethesametypes.DonotmixengineoilsofdifferenttypessuchasISOhydraulicoilsorgearoils.OnepointtorememberisthatyourIRresultsonyouroilanalysisisbasedonreferencingspecificnewoilsandwillbeinaccurateifoiltypesorbrandsaremixed.
CAN I MIX OILS OF DIFFERENT VISCOSITY?
Yesyoucan.Asanexamplea10W30canbemixedwitha15W40.Theresultingviscositywillbesomewhereinbetweenthetwoproductsbeingmixed.Nevertheless,mixingoilsofdifferentviscositiesisnotarecommendedpracticeasyouwillhavenopointofreferenceforlabtesting.
ARE SOME OILS BETTER THAN OTHERS?
Asanoilanalysisfacilitywemakeoilrecommendationsbyspecification,APIperformancerating,andviscositygradewithoutrecommendingonebrandoveranother.Weareinnopositiontotestthe"quality"ofanygivenoilonlyitsbasischaracteristicssuchasviscosity,TBNorTAN.
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CAN I USE ENGINE OIL IN THE TRANSMISSION OR FINAL DRIVES OF MY CAT MACHINE?
ForyearstheCaterpillarrecommendationforpowertraincomponentswasengineoil.Thischangedanumberofyearsagoasmaterialschangedandloadingincreased.
Intransmissionsthenewclutchmaterialsaresensitivetonitrogencompoundsandunfortunatelymanyengineoilshavethesechemicalsintheiradditivepackages.Inadditionthenewengineoilformulationsaredesignedtoreducefrictionasmuchaspossiblewhereastheclutchesanddiscsinthepowershifttransmissiondependsoncontrolledfrictionforarapidlockup.Theuseofengineoilcanresultinslippageduringtheengagingprocess.Thiscanresultinhighlocalizedheatingonthefaceswithshortenedclutchlifeasaresult.TherecommendedTO4oilforuseintransmissionshasnonitrogencompoundsandistotallycompatiblewithalltransmissionmaterials.Inadditionitisformulatedtoprovidecontrolledfrictionandrapidclutchlockuptoreducelocalizedheatingandtoextendclutchlife.
Theoilsnowrecommendedfortransmissionsandfinaldriveshaveanenhancedloadcarryingabilitytoprotectgearsandbearings.ThespecializedTO4oilsrecommendedfortheseapplicationscanbeformulatedtoprovidethesecharacteristics,astheydonothavetherestraintsofbeingabletofunctioninaninternalcombustionengine.
Asaresultofthesefactotheuseofengineoilsintheseapplicationsisnolongerrecommended.
WHAT ARE THE ENGINE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION OIL RATINGS?
TheEngineManufacturersAssociation(EMA)hasdevelopedlubricantrecommendationsasanalternativetotheAPIoilclassificationsystem.LRG1isarecommendedguidelinethatdefinesalevelofoilperformanceforhighspeed,fourstroke,heavyandlightdutydieselengines.LRG1oilsmaybeusedinCaterpillarengineswhereAPICH4,CG4,andCF4isrecommended.
ThetestsandthetestlimitsthatareusedtodefineLRG1aresimilartothoseoftheAPICH4classification.LRG1oilsaredesignedtocontroltheharmfuleffectsofsootwithimprovedwearresistanceandimprovedresistancetooilfilterplugging.Theseoilswillalsoprovidesuperiorpistondepositcontrolforengineswitheithertwopiecesteelpistonsofaluminumpistons.
CAN I USE ENGINE OIL IN MY HYDRAULIC SYSTEM?
EngineoilmakesexcellenthydraulicoilforuseinCaterpillarmachines.InfactCaterpillarandSureCraft10Whydraulicoilsarerebrandsofengineoil.Whenselectingtheviscosityoftheengineoil,whichyouaregoingtouseasahydraulicoil,youshouldconsideryourstartuptemperatureaswellastheregulardaytimeambienttemperature.
CAN I USE DIESEL ENGINE OIL IN MY GASOLINE ENGINES?
ManydieselengineoilsalsohaveanAPIratingforgasolineengineuse.ConsultthespecsheetfromyouroilsupplierortheAPIinformationonthecontainer.(SeeAPIclassificationsinthissection)
CAN I MIX ENGINE OIL (OR ENGINE OIL THAT IS RE BRANDED AS HYDRAULIC OIL) AND ISO TYPE INDUSTRIALHYDRAULIC OIL?
Mixingoiltypessuchastheseisnotarecommendedpracticeasthechemistryoftheadditivepackagesisquitedifferent.Iftheadditivesarenotcompatibletheywillprecipitateoutandwillcoatandplugthereturnlinefilter.Thisadditiveprecipitationproblemmayormaynotoccurbutitisnotworththerisk.
HOW DO I KNOW IF THE HYDRAULIC OIL IS A RE BRANDED ENGINE OIL?
TypicallyrebrandedengineoilsretaintheSAEviscositygradeaspartoftheirproductname.Typicallyyouwouldexpecttoseesuchanoilnamedxxxxxx10W.The10WrepresentstheSAEviscosity.
HOW DO I RECOGNIZE AN ISO INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC OIL?
ThesetypesofoilcarrytheISOviscosityratingandcanberecognizedbynumberssuchas15,22,32,46,or68aftertheproductname.Thenumberrepresentstheoilviscosityincentistokesat40degreesC.
WHY DOES CATERPILLAR RECOMMEND THE USE OF ENGINE OIL (OR ENGINE OIL RE BRANDS) AS HYDRAULICOIL?
Typicallyengineoilscontainasignificantamountofzincasanantiscuffagenttoprotecttheenginecamshafts.Thiszincadditiveactstoprotectthehydraulicpumpsinshockloadconditions.Whileindustrialtypehydraulicoilsoftencontainzinctheconcentrationisnotasgreatasisfoundinengineoils.
CAN I USE INDUSTRIAL TYPE OILS IN MY HYDRAULIC SYSTEM?
Caterpillarwillallowtheuseofindustrialtypehydraulicoilsaslongastheycontaineither900ppmofzinc(whichisunlikely)orhavepassedtheVickers35VQvanepumptest.Caterpillarwarnsthatlessthanoptimumpumplifemayresultfromtheuseoftheseoils.
WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED CLEANLINESS LEVEL FOR HYDRAULIC OIL?
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Contaminationisthecauseofthevastmajorityofprematurehydraulicfailureandisresponsibleformostprematurewear.MostmobilemachinesrequireanISOcleanlinesslevelof18/15toassureoptimumlifeofcomponents.
WHAT OIL CAN I USE IN THE HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION IN MY BOBCAT?
Thisdependsontheageofthemachine.Somemachinesuseregularautomotiveautomatictransmissionfluid(RedOil).OthermachinesuseanISO32Hydraulicoil(NotRed).
WHY ARE TO-4 OILS RECOMMENDED FOR MY TRANSMISSION AND FINAL DRIVES ON MOST CAT MACHINES?
TO4oilshavemoreloadcarryingabilitythanengineoilstoprotectheavilyloadedgearsandbearingsinthesecompartments.Inadditiontheyalsoprovidecontrolledfrictiontoassurequicklockupofclutchesanddiscsinpowershifttransmissions.Thisreducesheatandwear.Finallytheycontainnonitrogenproductsandarecompletelycompatiblewithalltransmissionmaterials.
WHAT OIL SHOULD I USE IF I OPERATE IN VERY COLD CONDITIONS?
Ifmachinesaresubjecttocoldstartsintemperaturesbelowminus20a10weightTO4oilmaynotbesuitable.Inthiscasethenextbestchoicewouldbeamultigradeoilsuchasa0W20containingtheTO4additivepackage.FinningSureCraftLowTemperatureTransmissionOilwouldbeanexample.Thiswillallowcoldtemperaturestartsto40degreesC.
HOW CLEAN SHOULD I KEEP MY TRANSMISSION FLUIDS?
RegularpowershifttransmissionswithrequireanoilcleanlinesslevelofISO21/17.ThisequatestoanLPDreading(15microns)ontheSOSreportsof1300particles.
NewerelectrichydraulicpowershiftsneedevencleanerfluidandrequireanISOcleanlinesslevelof18/15.ThiswouldequalanLPDreadingof320particles.
WHAT IS THE CLEANLINESS LEVEL FOR MY FINAL DRIVE FLUID?
Excludinglargeminingequipmentthegeneralcleanlinesstargetsareasfollows:
Excavators(only300series)030,000particles normal30,00050,000particles borderline50,000plusparticles actionrequired
MostOtherMachines012,000particles normal12,00025,000particles borderline25,000plusparticles actionrequired
GraderTandemDrives030,000particles normal30,00050,000particles borderline50,000plusparticles actionrequired
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