tips and advice - oils

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4/2/2015 Tips and Advice Oils http://www.finning.ca/Services/Machine_Services/Machine_Maintenance/Fluid_Analysis/Tips_and_Advice/Oils.aspx 1/4 1 888 346 6464 PARTSTORE Order parts online today. USED EQUIPMENT Search for used deals. SERVICES Business Services Genguard Services Machine Services Customer Support Agreements Machine Maintenance AccuQuote Preventive Maintenance Fluid Analysis Commitment to Quality Customer Survey Equipment Commander Fluid Analysis Resources Fluid Analysis Services Fluid Analysis Training Knowledge Base Lab Locations Tips and Advice Diesel Fuels Oils Online Question Form Thank You Tour the Lab Hose Assembly Facility Maintenance Software Undercarriage Online Services Rental Services Technology Services Training Ask the Expert ...about Oils Select a question from one of the three categories below (engine oils, hydraulic oils & transmission/final drive oils) to view the expert's answer. Engine Oils Can I use the new CI4 rated oils in my diesel engine? What does the API designation on my engine oil mean? What are the API Oil Categories? What is the difference between the current CH4 oil and previous oils? Is oil containing rerefined base stocks acceptable? Can I mix oils from different manufacturers? Can I mix oils of different viscosity? Are some oils better than others? Can I use engine oil in the transmission or final drives of my Cat machine? What are the Engine Manufacturers Association oil ratings? Can I use engine oil in my hydraulic system? Can I use diesel engine oil in my gasoline engines? Hydraulic Oils Can I mix engine oil (or engine oil that is re branded as hydraulic oil) and ISO type industrial hydraulic oil? How do I know if the hydraulic oil is a re branded engine oil? How do I recognize an ISO industrial hydraulic oil? Why does Caterpillar recommend the use of engine oil (or engine oil re brands) as hydraulic oil? Can I use industrial type oils in my hydraulic system? What is the recommended cleanliness level for hydraulic oil? Transmission/Final Drive Oils What oil can I use in the Hydrostatic transmission in my Bobcat? Why are TO4 oils recommended for my transmission and final drives on most Cat machines? What oil should I use if I operate in very cold conditions? How clean should I keep my transmission fluids? What is the cleanliness level for my final drive fluid? CAN I USE THE NEW CI-4 RATED OILS IN MY DIESEL ENGINE? If your engine calls for an oil that ends with "4" such as CG4 you can use the CI4 oil without concern over a negative impact on your diesel engine. The three main tests for the CI4 oil are more severe than for the previous oils but the oil is backwards compatible with earlier 4 oils. WHAT DOES THE API DESIGNATION ON MY ENGINE OIL MEAN? The API (American Petroleum Institute) service symbol and certification mark identifies quality engine oils for gasoline and diesel powered vehicles. Oils displaying the API marks meet performance requirements set by U.S. and international vehicle and engine manufactures and the lubricants industry. DIESEL ENGINE OIL CATEGORIES Oils designed for diesel engines fall under API's "C" category. Look for performance levels such as CH4, CG 4, and CF2. GASOLINE ENGINE CATEGORIES Oils designed for gasoline engine service fall under API's "C" category. Look for performance levels such as SJ or SH. WHAT ARE THE API OIL CATEGORIES? HOME ABOUT INDUSTRIES PRODUCTS SERVICES CONTACT

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Tips and Advice - Oils

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  • 4/2/2015 TipsandAdviceOils

    http://www.finning.ca/Services/Machine_Services/Machine_Maintenance/Fluid_Analysis/Tips_and_Advice/Oils.aspx 1/4

    1 888 346 6464

    PARTSTOREOrder parts online today.

    USED EQUIPMENTSearch for used deals.

    SERVICES

    Business Services

    Genguard Services

    Machine Services

    Customer Support Agreements

    Machine Maintenance

    AccuQuote

    Preventive Maintenance

    Fluid Analysis

    Commitment to Quality

    Customer Survey

    Equipment Commander

    Fluid Analysis Resources

    Fluid Analysis Services

    Fluid Analysis Training

    Knowledge Base

    Lab Locations

    Tips and Advice

    Diesel Fuels

    Oils

    Online Question Form

    Thank You

    Tour the Lab

    Hose Assembly Facility

    Maintenance Software

    Undercarriage

    Online Services

    Rental Services

    Technology Services

    Training

    Ask the Expert ...about Oils

    Selectaquestionfromoneofthethreecategoriesbelow(engineoils,hydraulicoils&transmission/finaldriveoils)toviewtheexpert'sanswer.

    EngineOilsCanIusethenewCI4ratedoilsinmydieselengine?WhatdoestheAPIdesignationonmyengineoilmean?WhataretheAPIOilCategories?WhatisthedifferencebetweenthecurrentCH4oilandpreviousoils?Isoilcontainingrerefinedbasestocksacceptable?CanImixoilsfromdifferentmanufacturers?CanImixoilsofdifferentviscosity?Aresomeoilsbetterthanothers?CanIuseengineoilinthetransmissionorfinaldrivesofmyCatmachine?WhataretheEngineManufacturersAssociationoilratings?CanIuseengineoilinmyhydraulicsystem?CanIusedieselengineoilinmygasolineengines?

    HydraulicOilsCanImixengineoil(orengineoilthatisrebrandedashydraulicoil)andISOtypeindustrialhydraulicoil?HowdoIknowifthehydraulicoilisarebrandedengineoil?HowdoIrecognizeanISOindustrialhydraulicoil?WhydoesCaterpillarrecommendtheuseofengineoil(orengineoilrebrands)ashydraulicoil?CanIuseindustrialtypeoilsinmyhydraulicsystem?Whatistherecommendedcleanlinesslevelforhydraulicoil?

    Transmission/FinalDriveOilsWhatoilcanIuseintheHydrostatictransmissioninmyBobcat?WhyareTO4oilsrecommendedformytransmissionandfinaldrivesonmostCatmachines?WhatoilshouldIuseifIoperateinverycoldconditions?HowcleanshouldIkeepmytransmissionfluids?Whatisthecleanlinesslevelformyfinaldrivefluid?

    CAN I USE THE NEW CI-4 RATED OILS IN MY DIESEL ENGINE?

    Ifyourenginecallsforanoilthatendswith"4"suchasCG4youcanusetheCI4oilwithoutconcernoveranegativeimpactonyourdieselengine.ThethreemaintestsfortheCI4oilaremoreseverethanforthepreviousoilsbuttheoilisbackwardscompatiblewithearlier4oils.

    WHAT DOES THE API DESIGNATION ON MY ENGINE OIL MEAN?

    TheAPI(AmericanPetroleumInstitute)servicesymbolandcertificationmarkidentifiesqualityengineoilsforgasolineanddieselpoweredvehicles.OilsdisplayingtheAPImarksmeetperformancerequirementssetbyU.S.andinternationalvehicleandenginemanufacturesandthelubricantsindustry.

    DIESELENGINEOILCATEGORIESOilsdesignedfordieselenginesfallunderAPI's"C"category.LookforperformancelevelssuchasCH4,CG4,andCF2.

    GASOLINEENGINECATEGORIESOilsdesignedforgasolineengineservicefallunderAPI's"C"category.LookforperformancelevelssuchasSJorSH.

    WHAT ARE THE API OIL CATEGORIES?

    HOME ABOUT INDUSTRIES PRODUCTS SERVICES CONTACT

  • 4/2/2015 TipsandAdviceOils

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    CAREERSJoin the Finning team

    ONLINE APPSApplications & services

    LIVE HELPTalk to customer care

    DieselEngines

    CH4 CurrentIntroducedDecember1998.ForhighspeedFourstrokeenginesdesignedtomeet1998Exhaustemissionstandards.ForusewithfuelsWithsulfurcontentupto0.5%weight.CanbeusedinplaceofCD,CE,CF4,andCG4oils.

    CG4 CurrentIntroducedin1995.ForseveredutyhighSpeed4strokeenginesusingfuellessthan0.5%sulfurweight.Forenginesmeeting1994emissionstandards.CanbeusedinplaceofCD,CE,andCF4oils.

    CF4 Current Introducedin1990.For4strokenaturallyaspiratedandturbochargedengines.CanBeusedinplaceofCDandCDoils.

    CF2 Current Introducedin1994.ForseveredutytwoStrokeengines.CanbeusedinplaceofCD2oils.

    CF Current Introducedin1994.ForoffroadenginesIncludingthoseusingfuelwithover0.5%.Sulfur.CanbeusedinplaceofCDoils.

    CE Obsolete Introducedin1987.ForfourstrokehighspeedEngines.CanbeusedinplaceofCCandCDoils.CD2 Obsolete Introducedin1987.Fortwostrokeengines.CD Obsolete Introducedin1955.ForcertainnaturallyaspiratedAndturbochargedengines.CC Obsolete Forenginesintroducedin1961.CB Obsolete Formoderatedutyengines1949to1960.CA Obsolete Forlightdutyengines1940'sand1950's.

    GasolineEngines

    SJ Current Forallautomotiveenginespresentlyinuse.IntroducedintheAPIservicesymbolin1996.SH Obsolete Formodelyear1996andolderengines.SG Obsolete Formodelyear1993andolderengines.SF Obsolete Formodelyear1988andolderengines.SE Obsolete Formodelyear1979andolderengines.SD Obsolete Formodelyear1971andolderengines.SC Obsolete Formodelyear1967andolderengines.SB Obsolete Forolderengines.Useonlywhenspecifiedbythemanufacturer.SA Obsolete Forolderengines.Noperformancerequirements.WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE CURRENT CH-4 OIL AND PREVIOUS OILS?

    TheAPICH4oilsweredevelopedtomeettheneedsofthenewhighperformancedieselenginesincludingthelowemissionengines.TheseoilswillexceedtheperformanceofthepreviousCG4oilsintheareasofdepositsonpistons,controlofoilconsumption,wearonpistonrings,valvetrainwear,viscositycontrol,andcorrosion.

    ThreenewenginetestsweredevelopedfortheCH4oil.Thefirsttestspecificallyevaluatesdepositsonpistonsforengineswiththetwopiecesteelpiston.Thispistondeposittestalsoevaluatesthecontrolofoilconsumption.Asecondtestmeasuresthewearonpistonrings,wearoncylinderliners,andresistancetocorrosion.Athirdnewtestmeasuresthewearonthevalvetrain,theresistanceoftheoiltoplugthefilter,andthecontrolofsludgeallunderhighsootconditions.

    InadditiontheseCH4oilshavetougherlimitsforviscositycontrolinapplicationsthatgeneratehighsootandhaveimprovedoxidationresistance.CH4oilsmustpassanadditionaltestforpistondepositcontrolinenginesthatusesinglepiecealuminumpistons.Oilperformanceisalsoestablishedforenginesthatoperateinareaswithhighsulfurdieselfuel.

    AsaresultCH4oilsarerecommendedforuseinextendeddrainintervalsthatdemandtheuseofpremiumoil.

    IS OIL CONTAINING RE-REFINED BASE STOCKS ACCEPTABLE?

    OilscontainingrerefinedbasestocksareacceptableforuseinCaterpillarenginesiftheymeetthespecifiedperformancerequirements.Thererefinedbasestockoilscanbeusedexclusivelyinfinishedoilofincombinationwithnewbasestockoil.Theprocessthatisusedtoproducethererefinedbasestockoilgenerallyinvolvesvacuumdistillationandhydrotreatingoftheusedoil.

    Filteringisinadequatefortheproductionofhighqualitybasestocks.

    CAN I MIX OILS FROM DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS?

    Oilsfromdifferentsupplierscanbemixedaslongastheyarethesametypes.DonotmixengineoilsofdifferenttypessuchasISOhydraulicoilsorgearoils.OnepointtorememberisthatyourIRresultsonyouroilanalysisisbasedonreferencingspecificnewoilsandwillbeinaccurateifoiltypesorbrandsaremixed.

    CAN I MIX OILS OF DIFFERENT VISCOSITY?

    Yesyoucan.Asanexamplea10W30canbemixedwitha15W40.Theresultingviscositywillbesomewhereinbetweenthetwoproductsbeingmixed.Nevertheless,mixingoilsofdifferentviscositiesisnotarecommendedpracticeasyouwillhavenopointofreferenceforlabtesting.

    ARE SOME OILS BETTER THAN OTHERS?

    Asanoilanalysisfacilitywemakeoilrecommendationsbyspecification,APIperformancerating,andviscositygradewithoutrecommendingonebrandoveranother.Weareinnopositiontotestthe"quality"ofanygivenoilonlyitsbasischaracteristicssuchasviscosity,TBNorTAN.

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    CAN I USE ENGINE OIL IN THE TRANSMISSION OR FINAL DRIVES OF MY CAT MACHINE?

    ForyearstheCaterpillarrecommendationforpowertraincomponentswasengineoil.Thischangedanumberofyearsagoasmaterialschangedandloadingincreased.

    Intransmissionsthenewclutchmaterialsaresensitivetonitrogencompoundsandunfortunatelymanyengineoilshavethesechemicalsintheiradditivepackages.Inadditionthenewengineoilformulationsaredesignedtoreducefrictionasmuchaspossiblewhereastheclutchesanddiscsinthepowershifttransmissiondependsoncontrolledfrictionforarapidlockup.Theuseofengineoilcanresultinslippageduringtheengagingprocess.Thiscanresultinhighlocalizedheatingonthefaceswithshortenedclutchlifeasaresult.TherecommendedTO4oilforuseintransmissionshasnonitrogencompoundsandistotallycompatiblewithalltransmissionmaterials.Inadditionitisformulatedtoprovidecontrolledfrictionandrapidclutchlockuptoreducelocalizedheatingandtoextendclutchlife.

    Theoilsnowrecommendedfortransmissionsandfinaldriveshaveanenhancedloadcarryingabilitytoprotectgearsandbearings.ThespecializedTO4oilsrecommendedfortheseapplicationscanbeformulatedtoprovidethesecharacteristics,astheydonothavetherestraintsofbeingabletofunctioninaninternalcombustionengine.

    Asaresultofthesefactotheuseofengineoilsintheseapplicationsisnolongerrecommended.

    WHAT ARE THE ENGINE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION OIL RATINGS?

    TheEngineManufacturersAssociation(EMA)hasdevelopedlubricantrecommendationsasanalternativetotheAPIoilclassificationsystem.LRG1isarecommendedguidelinethatdefinesalevelofoilperformanceforhighspeed,fourstroke,heavyandlightdutydieselengines.LRG1oilsmaybeusedinCaterpillarengineswhereAPICH4,CG4,andCF4isrecommended.

    ThetestsandthetestlimitsthatareusedtodefineLRG1aresimilartothoseoftheAPICH4classification.LRG1oilsaredesignedtocontroltheharmfuleffectsofsootwithimprovedwearresistanceandimprovedresistancetooilfilterplugging.Theseoilswillalsoprovidesuperiorpistondepositcontrolforengineswitheithertwopiecesteelpistonsofaluminumpistons.

    CAN I USE ENGINE OIL IN MY HYDRAULIC SYSTEM?

    EngineoilmakesexcellenthydraulicoilforuseinCaterpillarmachines.InfactCaterpillarandSureCraft10Whydraulicoilsarerebrandsofengineoil.Whenselectingtheviscosityoftheengineoil,whichyouaregoingtouseasahydraulicoil,youshouldconsideryourstartuptemperatureaswellastheregulardaytimeambienttemperature.

    CAN I USE DIESEL ENGINE OIL IN MY GASOLINE ENGINES?

    ManydieselengineoilsalsohaveanAPIratingforgasolineengineuse.ConsultthespecsheetfromyouroilsupplierortheAPIinformationonthecontainer.(SeeAPIclassificationsinthissection)

    CAN I MIX ENGINE OIL (OR ENGINE OIL THAT IS RE BRANDED AS HYDRAULIC OIL) AND ISO TYPE INDUSTRIALHYDRAULIC OIL?

    Mixingoiltypessuchastheseisnotarecommendedpracticeasthechemistryoftheadditivepackagesisquitedifferent.Iftheadditivesarenotcompatibletheywillprecipitateoutandwillcoatandplugthereturnlinefilter.Thisadditiveprecipitationproblemmayormaynotoccurbutitisnotworththerisk.

    HOW DO I KNOW IF THE HYDRAULIC OIL IS A RE BRANDED ENGINE OIL?

    TypicallyrebrandedengineoilsretaintheSAEviscositygradeaspartoftheirproductname.Typicallyyouwouldexpecttoseesuchanoilnamedxxxxxx10W.The10WrepresentstheSAEviscosity.

    HOW DO I RECOGNIZE AN ISO INDUSTRIAL HYDRAULIC OIL?

    ThesetypesofoilcarrytheISOviscosityratingandcanberecognizedbynumberssuchas15,22,32,46,or68aftertheproductname.Thenumberrepresentstheoilviscosityincentistokesat40degreesC.

    WHY DOES CATERPILLAR RECOMMEND THE USE OF ENGINE OIL (OR ENGINE OIL RE BRANDS) AS HYDRAULICOIL?

    Typicallyengineoilscontainasignificantamountofzincasanantiscuffagenttoprotecttheenginecamshafts.Thiszincadditiveactstoprotectthehydraulicpumpsinshockloadconditions.Whileindustrialtypehydraulicoilsoftencontainzinctheconcentrationisnotasgreatasisfoundinengineoils.

    CAN I USE INDUSTRIAL TYPE OILS IN MY HYDRAULIC SYSTEM?

    Caterpillarwillallowtheuseofindustrialtypehydraulicoilsaslongastheycontaineither900ppmofzinc(whichisunlikely)orhavepassedtheVickers35VQvanepumptest.Caterpillarwarnsthatlessthanoptimumpumplifemayresultfromtheuseoftheseoils.

    WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED CLEANLINESS LEVEL FOR HYDRAULIC OIL?

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    Contaminationisthecauseofthevastmajorityofprematurehydraulicfailureandisresponsibleformostprematurewear.MostmobilemachinesrequireanISOcleanlinesslevelof18/15toassureoptimumlifeofcomponents.

    WHAT OIL CAN I USE IN THE HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION IN MY BOBCAT?

    Thisdependsontheageofthemachine.Somemachinesuseregularautomotiveautomatictransmissionfluid(RedOil).OthermachinesuseanISO32Hydraulicoil(NotRed).

    WHY ARE TO-4 OILS RECOMMENDED FOR MY TRANSMISSION AND FINAL DRIVES ON MOST CAT MACHINES?

    TO4oilshavemoreloadcarryingabilitythanengineoilstoprotectheavilyloadedgearsandbearingsinthesecompartments.Inadditiontheyalsoprovidecontrolledfrictiontoassurequicklockupofclutchesanddiscsinpowershifttransmissions.Thisreducesheatandwear.Finallytheycontainnonitrogenproductsandarecompletelycompatiblewithalltransmissionmaterials.

    WHAT OIL SHOULD I USE IF I OPERATE IN VERY COLD CONDITIONS?

    Ifmachinesaresubjecttocoldstartsintemperaturesbelowminus20a10weightTO4oilmaynotbesuitable.Inthiscasethenextbestchoicewouldbeamultigradeoilsuchasa0W20containingtheTO4additivepackage.FinningSureCraftLowTemperatureTransmissionOilwouldbeanexample.Thiswillallowcoldtemperaturestartsto40degreesC.

    HOW CLEAN SHOULD I KEEP MY TRANSMISSION FLUIDS?

    RegularpowershifttransmissionswithrequireanoilcleanlinesslevelofISO21/17.ThisequatestoanLPDreading(15microns)ontheSOSreportsof1300particles.

    NewerelectrichydraulicpowershiftsneedevencleanerfluidandrequireanISOcleanlinesslevelof18/15.ThiswouldequalanLPDreadingof320particles.

    WHAT IS THE CLEANLINESS LEVEL FOR MY FINAL DRIVE FLUID?

    Excludinglargeminingequipmentthegeneralcleanlinesstargetsareasfollows:

    Excavators(only300series)030,000particles normal30,00050,000particles borderline50,000plusparticles actionrequired

    MostOtherMachines012,000particles normal12,00025,000particles borderline25,000plusparticles actionrequired

    GraderTandemDrives030,000particles normal30,00050,000particles borderline50,000plusparticles actionrequired

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