tina showcase: rf bandwidth mapping

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The INtelligent Airport The INtelligent Airport (TINA) RF Bandwidth Mapping: An Airport Simulator Prof. Jaafar Elmirghani, University of Leeds Angela De Grado Vivero, Dr Samya Bhattacharya, Dr Satya Degala, Bilal Qazi

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This video forms part of the showcase event held by the Intelligent Airport (TINA) project: http://intelligentairport.org.uk. The University of Leeds developed an airport simulator with RF bandwidth mapping capabilities.

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Page 1: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

The INtelligent Airport (TINA)

RF Bandwidth Mapping: An Airport Simulator

Prof. Jaafar Elmirghani, University of LeedsAngela De Grado Vivero, Dr Samya Bhattacharya, Dr Satya Degala, Bilal Qazi

Page 2: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Content

• Passenger flow model, spatial distribution of bandwidth requirements in the terminal

• Optimum number, capacity and location of BS/AU given the highly variable traffic demand in this application

• Load balancing among BS using Relay Nodes

• A Voronoi based energy efficient architecture (for non-uniform base station locations

• Joint mobility and Physical layer modelling

• MPRMA MAC protocol

• Ad-hoc networks over the terminal

• Network design tool

Page 3: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Content

Passenger flow model, spatial distribution of bandwidth requirements in the terminal

Optimum number, capacity and location of BS/AU given the highly variable traffic demand in this application

Load balancing among BS using Relay Nodes

• A Voronoi based energy efficient architecture (for non-uniform base station locations

• Joint mobility and Physical layer modelling

• MPRMA MAC protocol

• Ad-hoc networks over the terminal

• Network design tool

Page 4: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Previous work

• Passenger flow & data traffic models leading to spatial distribution of bandwidth requirements in the terminal

• Genetic algorithm optimisation to identify optimum number, capacity and location of BS/AU given the highly variable traffic demand in this application

• Load balancing among BS using Relay Nodes

• Network design tool

Page 5: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Content

• Passenger flow model, spatial distribution of bandwidth requirements in the terminal

• Optimum number, capacity and location of BS/AU given the highly variable traffic demand in this application

• Load balancing among BS using Relay Nodes

A Voronoi based energy efficient architecture (for non-uniform base station locations

• Joint mobility and Physical layer modelling

• MPRMA MAC protocol

• Ad-hoc networks over the terminal

• Network design tool

Page 6: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Non uniform base station spacing

6

MU2

BS5BS1

BS3

BS2BS4

• Problems• Uniform BS spacing not possible due to obstacles, shape

of the building, or intense local traffic demands.

• Resulting in an inefficient network• Higher energy consumption• Higher propagation delays• Packet loss

Page 7: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

7

Voronoi Diagrams (Computational geometry structures)

Designed a dynamic Voronoi Diagram construction algorithm

Page 8: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Advantages and evaluation• Advantages

• Energy efficient communication• Scalability• Random distribution• Lower delay

Ns2 simulation, simulation Parameters:

8

Grid size 200 x 200 m2

Number of nodes 50Transmitter range 100mMAC layer type IEEE 802.11CBR packet size 512 bytesSimulation run time 600 secAntenna Omni AntennaBuffer size 100 packetsInitial energy per node 6000 JoulesTransmission energy per packet 0.002 JoulesReceiving energy per packet 0.0002 JoulesIdle energy per packet duration 0.000001 JoulesPath loss exponent 2

Page 9: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Results

Page 10: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Content

• Passenger flow model, spatial distribution of bandwidth requirements in the terminal

• Optimum number, capacity and location of BS/AU given the highly variable traffic demand in this application

• Load balancing among BS using Relay Nodes

• A Voronoi based energy efficient architecture (for non-uniform base station locations

Joint mobility and Physical layer modelling

• MPRMA MAC protocol

• Ad-hoc networks over the terminal

• Network design tool

Page 11: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Overview of joint mobility and physical layer modelling

New Airport traffic model:• For first time takes into account finite population size (in airport) and

interference level• Therefore Engset distributed fresh call arrival process• General distributed handoff process• Model uses Dynamic Channel Allocation (DCA) through load

balancing

Fairly general model: Workable under any• Loading condition• User Mobility

Model should also be applicable to• Poisson distributed fresh call traffic and Poisson distributed handoff

traffic (Model proposed by Anand et al.)• Poisson distributed fresh call traffic and General distributed handoff

traffic (B-G-K Model)

Page 12: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Construction of a 3-D Markov chain for DCA

0,C'-r,0

1,C'-r,0

μd

2μd

0,C'-1,0 1,C'-1,

0

0,C',0

r,C'-r,0

rμd

(C'-1)μd

(C'-1)μd(Nh-(C'-2))λh

(Nh-(C'-2))λh

μd

C'μd (Nh-(C'-1))λh

0,C'-r-1,

01,

C'-r-1,0

μd

2μd

r+1,C'-r-1,

0

(r+1)μd

(N-(C'-r-1))λ'f

(C'-r-1)μd

(C'-r-1)μd

(C'-r-1)μd

(Nh-(C'-r-2))λh(Nh-(C'-r-2))λh

(Nh-(C'-r-2))λh

(C'-r)μd

(C'-r)μd

(C'-r)μd

(Nh-(C'-r-1))λh

(Nh-(C'-r-1))λh

(Nh-(C'-r-1))λh

(C'-r+1)μd(C'-r+1)μd

(Nh-(C'-r))λh

(Nh-(C'-r))λh

1,C'-1,1

1,C'-r-1,

k

C' λh

1

C' λh

1

1,C'-r-1,

rr

(C'-(r-1))λh

0,0,0

1,0,0

2,0,0

0,1,0

1,1,0

2,1,0μd

2μd

μd

2μd

Nλ'f

μd

μd

μd

Nhλh

C'-r,0,0

C'-r,1,0

μd

(C'-r)μd

(N-1)λ'f

(N-(C'-r-1))λ'f

(C'-r)μd

(N-1)λ'f

(N-2)λ'f

(N-(C'-r))λ'f

Nhλh

Nhλh

Nhλh

0,r,0

1,r,0

2,r,0

μd

2μd

C'-r,r,0

(C'-r)μd

(N-r)λ'f

(N-(r+1))λ'f(N-(C'-1))λ'f

rμd

rμd

rμd

rμd

(Nh-r-1)λh

(Nh-r-1)λh

(Nh-r-1)λh

(Nh-r-1)λh

(r+1)μd(Nh-r)λh

2μd

2μd

2μd

(Nh-1)λh

(Nh-1)λh

(Nh-1)λh

(Nh-r)λh

(Nh-r)λh

(r+1)μd

(r+1)μd

m => Fresh Call

m

n

k

n => Handoff Call

k => number of channels unusable

1,0,C'-1

1,r,1C' λh

1

1,0,1C' λh

C'-1

(C'-2)λh

1

1,r,C'-(r+1)

(C'-(r-1))λh

r

Page 13: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Application of Airport Traffic Model to an Indoor Mobility Model

Consider an indoor mobility model with No of users per cell Gaussian

5 levels (floors) with dimension 300x300 m each

5 elevators: 4 at corners, 1 at center

Floor cells per floor: 36, dimension 50x50 m each

Total of 180 floor cells

Mean call duration: 500 s

Channels available for DCA: 30

Average Number of Neighbors: 3.514

Average Number of Interfering cells: 7

Mean Offered Load of fresh call traffic: 5 Erlang/cell

User Mobility 0.816 for user walking speed of 2 km/h

Signal to Interference Ratio (min): Mean 4.25 dB

Page 14: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Results

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.1

0.11

0.12

0.13

0.14

0.15

20 30 40 50 60 70

Con

gest

ion

Number of User

Airport Model (Time)Airport Model (Handoff Call)

Airport Model (Fresh Call)Airport Model (Traffic)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

20 30 40 50 60 70P

roba

bilit

yNumber of User

Forced TerminationCall Completion given Call Initiated

Page 15: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Content

• Passenger flow model, spatial distribution of bandwidth requirements in the terminal

• Optimum number, capacity and location of BS/AU given the highly variable traffic demand in this application

• Load balancing among BS using Relay Nodes

• A Voronoi based energy efficient architecture (for non-uniform base station locations

• Joint mobility and Physical layer modelling

MPRMA MAC protocol

• Ad-hoc networks over the terminal

• Network design tool

Page 16: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent AirportM-PRMA Protocol

System communication parameters

Variable Notation ValueChannel bit rate Rc 10 Mb/sSpeech peak bit rate (including header)

Rs 70 kb/s

Speech peak bit rate (excluding header)

Rsw 64 kb/s

Video peak bit rate (coded) Rv 320 kb/sUplink/downlink frame duration Tf 3 msR slot duration R 280 bitsDownlink timing signal Td 4 bitsSpeech mean ON duration t1 1 sSpeech mean OFF duration t2 1.35 sSpeech maximum time delay Dmax 20 msVideo mean ON duration Vt1 33 msVideo mean OFF duration Vt2 67 msVideo maximum time delay VDmax 150 msNo of information slots per uplink frame

N 70

Packet size (including header) Ps 53 bytesHeader of the packet H1 5 bytes

Having determined passenger flow, bandwidth requirements and BS/AU locations, the next step is to share BW among users, ie MAC protocol

Page 17: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

M-PRMA Protocol

Page 18: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Content

• Passenger flow model, spatial distribution of bandwidth requirements in the terminal

• Optimum number, capacity and location of BS/AU given the highly variable traffic demand in this application

• Load balancing among BS using Relay Nodes

• A Voronoi based energy efficient architecture (for non-uniform base station locations

• Joint mobility and Physical layer modelling

• MPRMA MAC protocol

Ad-hoc networks over the terminal

• Network design tool

Page 19: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Delay tolerant network• Ad-hoc network based on the passenger flow model• Can be used to disseminate non urgent messages, for example

advertisement, passenger information• T4: 49 shops and information points, each generates a message

every 5 mins (Poisson)

source Destination

Relay nodes

= Node

= range

1 unit05

101520253035404550

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Del

ay (m

ins)

% of Passengers

Multihop Delay (TTL=60 secs)

Buffer=10

Buffer=30

Buffer=50

Page 20: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Content

• Passenger flow model, spatial distribution of bandwidth requirements in the terminal

• Optimum number, capacity and location of BS/AU given the highly variable traffic demand in this application

• Load balancing among BS using Relay Nodes

• A Voronoi based energy efficient architecture (for non-uniform base station locations

• Joint mobility and Physical layer modelling

• MPRMA MAC protocol

• Ad-hoc networks over the terminal

Network design tool

Page 21: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Network design tool

Page 22: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport

Page 23: TINA showcase: RF Bandwidth Mapping

The INtelligent Airport