tin use in energy storage - stellar resources · tin use tin property lead-acid batteries improved...
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DATE: PREPARED BY:
PREPARED FOR:
TIN USE IN
ENERGY STORAGE
01/06/2017 DR JEREMY PEARCE INVESTING IN TIN SEMINAR, LONDON
Strong market drivers
Renewable energy
Reduced emissions
Communications
Rapidly changing technology
Lead-acid batteries
Lithium-ion batteries
Other energy storage
Battery market to grow 7.7%
Tin improves lead-acid performance
Lead-acid battery market sectors
248, 60%
102, 25%
61, 15%
2015 Units (millions)
Automotive
Motive
Stationary
ITRI China Survey data on tin content
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Automotive Electric Bike Motive Stationary
1.2-1.5% Sn
0.6-0.8% Sn
Sb / 0.1-0.3% Sn
tonnes
Estimated tin use
23,700
27,500
???
tonnes
2013
2015
2025
4th largest tin use
48V vehicles use four times tin
By 2025 one in ten sold globally
High end automotive favours tin
By 2020 all new cars in Europe and Japan
Low Speed Electric Vehicles (LSEV)
Residential solar reaches price parity
75% lead-acid in China
Completely new infrastructure
Battery Energy Storage (BESS)
Lithium ion will take market share
Lithium ion cost approaches parity
Euros (€)
All cars fully electric by 2050
Tin use may peak in 2025
tonnes
Tin may be used in lithium-ion
Silicon-Tin Alloy Lithium-Tin Alloy Tin-Boron-Phosphorus
SAFT, France GM Motors, US Eagle Picher, US
Uni Rochester, US Yokahoma Uni, Japan
St Petersburg Uni, Russia
Carbon-Tin
Nat Inst Mat Sci, Japan Uni Waterloo, US Uni Rome, Italy
Headline Tin probably used in ‘post-lithium’
Sodium-ion
Magnesium-ion
Potassium-ion
Supercapacitors
Flow batteries
Solar batteries
150 papers & patents since 2015
Headline
Tin Use Tin Property
Lead-acid batteries Improved metallurgy, corrosion resistance
Li-ion batteries Absorption of lithium ions in lattice
Post-lithium batteries Absorption of alkali metal ions in lattice
Solar panels Semiconductor for sunlight conversion
Thermoelectrics Semiconductor for ionic diffusion
Fuel cells Robust membranes for catalytic combustion
Biodiesel production Organic material cracking catalyst
Hydrogen production 1 Water splitting catalyst
Hydrogen production 2 Liquid metal for stripping methane carbon
Fusion / Solar coolant High heat capacity liquid metal
Market opportunities from tin versatility
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most cost effective route to achieve long-term success for
the industry. If we work together effectively then the
outlook for tin is very positive.
Global co-operation for long-term success
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