tin conference international tin producers leading tin...
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Leading Tin Producing Companies Production 2011
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International Tin ProducersThe leading tin companies and countries
World Tin Supply Major Producers 2011
China and Indonesia have long histories as major tin producers, but despite substantial reserves it may not be possible for them to sustain output at recent rates. This means that additional supplies to meet future growth in demand will come from other parts of the world. The very large shares of world production those two countries now account for have only been achieved since the 1990s.
Up to the mid-1980s Malaysia, Bolivia and (to a lesser extent) Thailand were also major producers. For example, the cumulative production from Malaysia since 1950, at over 2.45 million tonnes, is only slightly less than that of China (2.7 Mt) and Indonesia (2.6 Mt).
The other million tonne plus producer has been Bolivia, with 1.38 Mt since 1950. Bolivia remains a significant producer today, but in Malaysia and Thailand tin mining is
now subservient to the needs of the manufacturing and leisure sectors. The two other countries that have figured at times as leading producers have been Brazil and
Peru. Brazil briefly became the world’s largest producer in the late 1980s, while Peru became a significant supplier in the 1990s.
In recent years artisanal and small-scale mining has accounted for as much as 60% of world production, although this share has now dropped to a little below 40%. The main centres of artisanal mining have been Indonesia, China, Bolivia and Central Africa. However depletion of ore deposits, especially onshore, is expected to result in a continuing decline in Indonesian production, while Central African tin, principally from DR Congo, has been experiencing political controls on the trade in “conflict minerals”.
70%of global mine outputin recent years
Indonesia
Currently 98% of global mine production occurs in developing countries, providing livelihoods, export earnings and opportunities for future infrastructural and other forms of development.
Recycled tin on the rise
There has been a strong growth in secondary tin in the last few years. It is estimated that production of secondary refined tin amounted to about 60,000 tonnes last year.
Secondary tin metal production has exceeded 50,000 tonnes in each of the last five years, and has been equivalent to around 16 - 17% of total refined metal production. Taking into account the use of recycled tin alloys, notably in solders, bronzes and lead alloys, secondary materials now account for over 30% of total tin use.
China
Top Tin Producers
Indonesia
Major tin mine projects
Bolivia
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Brazil
Russia
China
Australia
ITRI Tin SupplyChain Initiative
iTSCi is a traceability and due diligence
system
Santa MariaOropesa
Achmmach
Abu Dabbab
Gottesberg Geyer Cinovec
Syrymbet
Kuala Langat
Mt Garnet
Heemskirk
Rentails Mt Lindsay
MSC Group
PT Timah
Yunnan Tinhas been the largest producerfor the last seven years
Peru
San Rafael Tailings
Minsurthe only major producer fully integrated upstream into mining
Leading Tin Mining Countries 2011
Gejiu Zi-Li Metallo Chimique EM Vinto Yunnan Chengfeng Guangxi China Tin Thaisarco Minsur PT Timah MSC Group Yunnan Tin
Nigeria
Rwanda
Burundi
Refined Tin Production
Tin Mine Output
(x 1,000 tonnes)
29
30
19
38 8
47
24
56
2411
16
1510
11
109
Indonesia - 104,800 tonnes
China - 101,900 tonnes
Peru – 29,022 tonnes
Bolivia – 20,373 tonnes
Brazil – 8,800 tonnes
Australia – 5,134 tonnes
DR Congo – 5,000 tonnes
Malaysia
Recycled Tin Production 2011
China Belgium Other Japan 45,000 tonnes 10,000 tonnes 5,000 tonnes 1,000 tonnes
Contributing to Global Sustainable Development
50%Top Four
Companies
75%Top TenCompanies
Vietnam Myanmar
Tin beyond the recession
Tin Annual Review 2009
Tin and zinc work well together to heal wounds and kill bacteria. A new range of animal healthcare products is being launched in the US, including pet and agricultural treatments. The biggest new use may be in footbaths for treating hoof infections in dairy cattle.
Animal healthcare
Exploring the use of Tin
Tin can save up to 10% of fuel consumption in vehicles, ships and generators. Invented in Russia in World War II, fuel catalysts are just a simple tin alloy put inside a fuel tank or fuel line. Research is underway around the world to fi nd out how this remarkable product actually works.
Fuel catalysts
Exploring the use of Tin
Tin for Tomorrow
Contributing to Global Sustainable Development
4 5
A Brief History of TinFrom the bronze age to thedigital age
The Latin name for Tin is Stannum, from which its chemical symbol Sn is derived. The English name, tin, finds its origin from a Germanic root.
Tin has been in use since ancient times and it has played an important role in the history of the human race. Around 5,000 years ago, humans first began mining and incorporating tin with copper to create bronze thus marking the beginning of the Bronze Age. Tin was used in bronze implements because it provides an important hardening effect in copper. The importance of tin grew rapidly when the ancients understood its potential for making everything from tools, to weapons, and even jewellery. Tin artefacts have been found in an Egyptian tomb of the eighteenth dynasty which dates around to 1580-1350 BC and it was traded around the Mediterranean by the Phoenicians who obtained it from Spain, Brittany and Cornwall.
With the development of solder, pewter and tin plating, tin became more and more in demand for thousands of essential and innovative uses right through to the modern age. In the 19th century, Cornwall in the UK was the major producer of the metal, but then deposits were found in Australia, Bolivia and East Asia. Today China and Indonesia are the leading producing countries, followed in importance by Peru.
From solder to tinplate, pewter to electroplating, tin has become an indispensable ingredient in modern life. Nowadays, tin is a very important element in the world economy and contributes to an ever increasing number of products and processes.
Around 3000BC humans first began mining and incorporating tin with copper to enable the
Bronze Age
2200BC - 1500BC Bronze tools and weapons such as axes, daggers, spearheads
and halberds produced
2500BC Tin trade routes and
merchants established
1580-1350 BC Tin artefacts found in an
Egyptian tomb of the eighteenth dynasty
1800AD Cornwall is a major producer of Tin
1400AD The Worshipful Company of Pewterers controlled pewter
constituents in England
1953AD Pilkington Brothers developed the first successful commercial
application for forming a continuous ribbon of glass using a
molten tin bath
2000AD onwards Continued development of PVC
Stabilisers, Catalysts, Fire Retardants and Biological applications
1805AD Modern
electrochemistry was invented by Italian chemist
Luigi V. Brugnatelli
1810 - 1813AD Peter Durand pioneered food
preservation with his patenting of the tin can followed by the
opening of the first commercial canning factory
4500BC - 400AD Romans soldered over
400km long water pipes
1921AD First electric and mass produced
soldering iron for industry
2006 AD Lead Free Solder
Solders
T in plate
Chemicals
Al loys and coat ings
Tin is like a spice that many modern products cannot do without
Contributing to Global Sustainable Development
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Uses of Tin TodayGrowing demand in asustainable economy
Tin is increasingly being used as a sustainable alternative to other materials and for innovative technologies.
Tin is a vital ingredient in the production of a wide range of products, including computers and other consumer electronics, packaging and construction products, and cars and other forms of transport. Solders are mainly used in the production of all modern electronics, as well as traditional industrial applications such as joining copper in plumbing. Tinplate (steel with a thin tin coating) is used in packaging for food, beverages and other items. The most important tin chemicals are used in the production of PVC for construction products, such as doors and windows, and packaging. Smaller applications include bronze sheet and strip, useful as components across all product sectors, float glass production and pewter ware.
The most important alloy compositions of tin are those required to support the ever growing electronics sector, providing a wide range of highly specialised solders of higher or lower melting temperature, and physical properties that allow all new product designs to be manufactured successfully.
Tin solders are essential to, and contained in, every single electronic item produced today. Other alloys of tin include bronze and brass, bearing metals, pewter and even superconductors, which might be found as components in a multitude of consumer and industrial products.
Tin coatings on food cans provide the essential corrosion protection and other benefits that allow this important method of food preservation to remain successful and favoured even in today’s world of modern packaging.
Tin chemicals are also used in a huge number of everyday applications. The biggest use is of organic tin chemicals in PVC products, to stop them degrading in heat and sunlight. The most important applications for inorganic tin chemicals are as catalysts for a wide range of industrial processes, glass coatings, electroplating baths, fire retardants, and in the ceramics and cement industries.
Energy conservation has become a major technological driver and significant growth is expected in the use of tin catalysts for production of polyurethane foam thermal insulation and in tin oxide coatings for low emissivity ‘e-glass’, widely used in modern ‘green’ buildings. Tin is also essential for the process of making float glass, in which molten glass is floated on the surface of molten tin, thereby creating a sheet of uniform thickness and with a very flat surface.
With so many aspects to tin use, modern life would be impossible without this versatile metal
Seat CushionsTin catalyst
PlasticsPVC stabilisers
WiringTinned copper
GlassConductive tin coatings
ElectronicsSolders Fuses Contacts
BatteryTin alloy addition
RadiatorBrass alloys Solder
BearingsTin alloy addition Coatings
Fuel TankTin-zinc coating
Brake PadsTin additives
SealantsTin catalyst
Food Can Tin Coating
3.2g tin
Mobile PhoneSolder
0.7g tin
Toothpaste0.3g tin
Lithium IonBatteries
Lead Free Solder
Fuel Catalysts Animal Health Care
Solar Panels
Packaging Transport Construction Industrial Equipment Other
Tin - New marketsTin – established markets
Tin found in cars
World refined tin use by industry sector, 2010 tonnages
Consumer Durables
115,100177,100 67,000
49,400
28,30025,000
Contributing to Global Sustainable Development
THE INTERNATIONAL TIN RESEARCH INSTITUTEITRI has always been at the forefront of supporting the global tin industry and needs to reflect the changing attitudes regarding CSR and environmental sustainability.
It is because ITRI had such an impressive history with the industry that it can inform a sustainable future for tin.
We provided ITRI with a comprehensive CSR and sustainability report and supporting collateral to engage investment markets and other audiences that tin is a sustainable and invaluable resource.
InternationalTin Conference2012 23 – 26 April 2012
Cape Town, South Africa
Confirmed Event Sponsors
INTERNATIONALTIN CONFERENCE2012 23rd – 26th APRIL 2012
CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA
www.itri.co.uk
Working with others to bring benefits beyond conflict in iTSCi Phase 3
MFA (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands) provides co-fundingfor iTSCi field activities in a 3 year project ‘Scaling up mineral trade’,which follows on the successful ‘Conflict Free Tin Initiative’.Both projects support and build on the field infrastructureof iTSCi for conflict-free minerals and now extend to genderequality, business skills and other themes. The MFA focuseson stability and security, raw material security andimproved human rights.
PROMINES (Growth with Governance in the MineralSector Project for DRC) is a project of theWorld Bank which, through the governmentof the DRC, aims to strengthen the capacityof institutions to better manage the mineralssector, improve conditions for investment inmining and increase revenues and thesocio-economic benefits from artisanaland industrial mining. PROMINES hassupported training as well as provisionof much needed equipment to iTSCi.
Private sector donors from downstream industryhave funded activities relating to child labour,health and safety and comprehensive trainingon risk management.
iTSCi is complemented by the BGR (Federal Institutefor Geosciences and Natural Resources) Certified TradingChains (CTC) project, and the IOM (International Organisationof Migration) work on mine validation and construction ofcentres de négoce.
iTSCi aims to harmonise with the ICGLR (International Conferenceon the Great Lakes Region) and their work related to the preventionof the illegal exploitation of natural resources and has an existingMOU with the organisation.
*Further funding is sought for all aspects of the programme including these activitiessee the Scaling Up Mineral Trade section of the iTSCi website
iTSCiunderpinningopportunityfor actions
Maximising economic benefits
through miner training in
savings & business skills
Training m
iners in ac
hievable
health & sa
fety Find
ing
prac
tical
sol
utio
ns
for c
hild
labo
ur is
sues
Stre
ngth
enin
g pr
even
tion
of h
uman
rig
hts
abus
essu
ch a
s se
xual
vio
lenc
e
Facilitating ground breaking
local stakeholder meetings
Building local expertise
in risk mitigation
Supporting whistleblowing with
possible harmonisationwith ICGLRPerforming auditing withpossible harmonisationwith ICGLR & BGR
Providing traceability to allow
issuance of ICGLR certificates
Mapping a
unique mine
database
inclu
ding
mineral sa
mpling
Prov
idin
g re
liabl
e pr
oduc
tion
& ex
port
stat
istics
Form
alis
ing
trad
ing
stru
ctur
es&
art
isan
al m
inin
g
Formalising & improvingmining skills & productivityfor cooperatives
Demonstrating environmental
& social improvement
at model mines
Promoting transparency of
tax payments & piloting EITI
for artisanal mining
Building capacity of
government field agents
*
BoeingGE FoundationMicrosoft*
MFA
Qualcomm*
MFA*
*
*
iTSCi
World Bank
*
iTSCi
PROMINESiTSCiIOM
iTSCi MFA
iTSC
i
MFA
iTSC
iM
FAiT
SCi
*
iTSC
i*
iTSCi
PROMINES
Apple
iTSCiMFA
PROMINES
16 17ITRI ANNUAL REPORT 2015 ITRI ANNUAL REPORT 2015
ITRI ChinaExpanding networks in the world’s biggest market
ITRI established its China office in 2009 to promote tin use and sustainable development in the country that is the world’s biggest producer and consumer of tin.
ITRI has 16 associate members in China, which includes eight major Chinese tin producers representing 80% of the country’s refined tin production and 40% of global production. They play a leading role in the sustainable and responsible development of the tin industry in China. ITRI China communicates with EICC and China authorities on conflict minerals issues, encouraging members to participate in agreed initiatives.
The 2015 ITRI China International Tin Conference attracted more than 350 delegates from China and the rest of the world - a record attendance in the event’s history. Key issues for the tin industry - sustainable supply, challenges for demand growth, markets and pricing - were addressed and, after growing for the last five years, the conference has now been confirmed as the tin industry’s leading global forum. The event will be expanded to become Asian Tin Week in 2016.
The ITRI team engages with 44 ITRI-IPC China Solder Technology Group members who co-ordinate membership and events for leading solder and electronic companies. Five technology communication meetings in 2015 brought together leading electronic brands and solder companies. The membership also initiated a number of co-operative projects to address the main solder application problems identified in practice.
The 3rd China Solder Technology Forum attracted more than 150 delegates and was a significant step forward in building a unique communication platform for the solder supply chain in China. The conference topics included advanced solder technology, real life soldering issues and future technology prospects. The event generated a new focus on the importance of solder technology at the heart of the world’s electronic industry.
ITRI China is committed to enhancing understanding between China and the world tin industry, pushing China stakeholders to take more responsibility and play leading roles. Yunnan Tin – the biggest tin producer in China and the world - have chaired the ITRI board since 2014 and is the first Chinese company to take the position in ITRI’s history. In 2015, ITRI China arranged for Chinese tin companies to visit tin mines and exploration projects in Australia for potential investment and technology co-operation.
44Technology Group members
16 China associate members
16 17
Our aim is to develop high-tech solder products with limited use of pure raw materials.
Members represent
80%of the country’s
refined tinproduction
Accounting for
40%of the world’s
refined tin production
Tin Production in China
Ms Cui Lin Chief Representative, ITRI China
Cui Lin joined ITRI in August 2009 and has been responsible for the management of the ITRI China representative office.
ITRI China Associate Members
1. Yunnan Tin Corporation (ITRI’s board member)
2. Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.
3. China Tin Group
4. Gejiu Zili Mining and Metallurgy Co.,Ltd.
5. Nankang Nanshan Tin Co., Ltd.
6. Gejiu Kaimeng Industry and Trade Co.,Ltd.
7. Gejiu Jinye Mineral Co., Ltd.
8. Maanshan Weitai Tin Co., Ltd.
9. China Minmetals
10. Ganzhou Chiding Recycle Co., Ltd.
11. Ruili Sanlian Co., Ltd.
12. Shenzhen Ninglifeng Metal Co., Ltd.
13. Shenzhen Honren Metals Co., Ltd.
14. Dongguan Huayue Solder Co., Ltd.
15. Shenzhen Vital New Material Co., Ltd.
16. Chaozhou No. 1 Chemical Factory
Annual Report 2015
Information, Co-operation, Communication
5ITRI ANNUAL REPORT 2015
Managing Director’s ReportAuthority, leadership and voice
4
ITRI works in the three key areas of Markets, Sustainability & Regulatory Affairs, and Technology providing information, co-operation and communication.
Refined Tin UseEstimated from ITRI’s own unique survey of tin users
Solders - Industrial
Solders - Electronic
Brass and Bronze
Other
Chemicals
Lead-Acid Batteries
Tinplate
Float Glass
4.8%
5.2%
7%
7.3%
14.7%
15.5%
43.5%
2%
Solders
Thanks to our ongoing commitment to lead-free solder application in 2015 the long term outlook for solder usage remains balanced, with growth in electronics and further conversion to lead-free solders in high reliability applications, such as aerospace and military, offset by smaller unit volumes as a result of miniaturisation.
Tin Chemicals
Tin use in chemicals overtook tinplate as the second largest tin application in 2014 and looks likely to retain this position for the foreseeable future.
Tinplate
Global consumption of tinplate was forecast to contract again, but this was by a far more modest amount than expected.
Other areas for tin usage
There have been exciting developments in tin use in lead-acid batteries in China with tin use being boosted by a regulated shift from antimony-cadmium alloys to calcium-tin products. There was also continued growth in stationary batteries for alternative energy and telecoms and the revival of tin capsules in the wine and spirits industry.
ITRI continues to help develop a long term sustainable tin market delivering market valuable data and insight.
It is my pleasure to introduce the 2015 Annual Report which highlights the key activities and achievements of the organisation and the tin industry that we represent.
In the face of low prices which have pressured all metals businesses, 2015 has been a year of significant challenges. ITRI continues to be the main voice of tin, listening and speaking on behalf of an industry which is forward thinking and progressive.
ITRI works in the three key areas of Markets, Sustainability & Regulatory Affairs, and Technology which all feature in this report. There are, however, undoubtedly some particular highlights and achievements which merit special mention.
Firstly, during 2015 ITRI has been developing its tin industry Code of Conduct, working closely with our members and also in consultation with downstream users. An important consideration is how to incentivise participation and develop a sustainable funding model to ensure the costs of these initiatives are shared fairly across the supply chain. ITRI members are the industry leaders and in setting the benchmark for responsible tin we want to encourage other producers and smelters to join us, embrace our values and contribute fully to a sustainable industry.
The success of the iTSCi Programme for conflict-free minerals is something everyone at ITRI is justifiably proud of. Working with our partners we have made a significant difference to the lives of so many people whilst dealing with complicated legislation and in the most difficult of environments. We continue efforts to develop and improve the iTSCi Programme but funding limitations, exacerbated by low metal prices, are a serious threat. Any reversal of the progress achieved to date would have serious consequences throughout the Central African region. In 2015 ITRI issued a call to action, encouraging tin users, governments and other donors to make a fairer contribution to costs to ensure the continued success and expansion of the Programme. It is essential that this happens.
Lastly, I would like to mention the success of ITRI China, founded in 2009 to promote and support tin use in the world’s largest market. ITRI, from its base in Beijing, now has 16 members in China, representing 80% of the country’s refined tin production. In 2015 we hosted the ITRI China International Tin Conference in Shanghai. This event attracted 350 delegates making it one of the largest gatherings ever in the tin industry.
I would like to thank the ITRI staff, our members and all our friends in the industry for their continued support as we work to build a bright future for tin.
David Bishop ITRI Managing Director
ITRI ANNUAL REPORT 2016ITRI required for the first time, the design and production of an Annual Review. This, in fact gave us the opportunity to look at refreshing the overall brand image.
Taking inspiration from the logo, we used the triangular dot over the letter “I” as the basis for a graphic structure running throughout the annual report.
iTSCi Due Diligence ReportITRI continues to lead the ITRI Tin Supply Chain Initiative (iTSCi) in an effort to solve the ‘conflict mineral’ issue in the DRC.
We produced The iTSCi joint industry traceability and due diligence programme published in 2015.
Using Infographics this publication outlined the complicated processors involved in ensuring due diligence is delivered throughout the supply chain.
iTSCi joint industry traceability and due diligence programme
ITRI MEMBERS1.12MT
ITRI E&D GROUP 1.04MT
OTHERS1.24MT
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