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Timing • Periodic Timing – Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) • Interval Timing – Stopwatch timing

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Page 1: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

Timing

• Periodic Timing– Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock

time or (circadian)

• Interval Timing– Stopwatch timing

Page 2: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

4pm 8pm Midnight 4am 8am Mid-day

ACTIVITY

Light off Light on

Periodic Timing

Controlled by daily time or by light off?

Page 3: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

Roberts (1965)

• Activity cycle slightly less than 24 hours in constant dim light

• Restoring visual cues produces a gradual shift back to correct time.

• Entrainment: light acts as a zeitgeber (resets 24 hour clock)

Page 4: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

Bolles & Stokes

24 hour19 hour 29 hour

“Just Right”“Too Hot” “Too Cold”

Page 5: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

Bolles & Stokes (1965)

Page 6: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

4am 8am Mid-day 4pm 8pm Midnight

Food

Light Dark

Periodic Timing

11pm 4am 8am Mid-day 4pm 8pm

Food

Light Dark

Paris

New York

Page 7: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing
Page 8: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

Oscillators (Long Intervals)

Page 9: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

Example

RRR RRG GGGGGRGRGGRRRGGRGR

Page 10: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

432100

10

20

30

40

50

60

Adapted from Roberts (1982)

Five-second blocks

Mea

n re

spon

ses

per

min

ute

Interval Timing

Page 11: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

Peak Procedure

141210864200

10

20

30

40

50

60

Five-second blocks

Mean r

esp

onse

s per

min

ute

Page 12: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

One vs. Two Seconds

Absolute Difference = 1Weber’s Ratio = 1/2 = 0.5

Weber’s Law

Prediction: Very Easy

Page 13: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

Nineteen vs. Twenty Seconds

Absolute Difference = 1Weber’s Ratio = 19/20 = 0.05

Weber’s Law

Prediction: Very Hard

Page 14: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

Long or Short?

4 s

16 s

Choose Lever 1

Choose Lever 2

4 s

16 s10 s?

4 s

16 s8 s? 8 is twice 4

16 is twice 8

(16 + 4) * ½ = 10

Absolute

Ratio

((16)(4))1/2

=8

Page 15: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

Temporal Discrimination

Page 16: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

Absolute = (8+2) ½ = 5

Relative =((8)(2))1/2 = 4

BisectionTesting

Page 17: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

Scalar Timing

• What scale is used to compare times?– Error is relative to stopwatch time

• error is a constant proportion of the timed interval

• called scalar timing

– Timing curves are identical if data are plotted as a function of the “percentage” of time remaining

• Step 1: Normalize Y-axis (common maximum)

• Step 2: X axis expressed as proportion of timed interval

Page 18: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

Superposition

Page 19: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

Scalar Timing

Page 20: Timing Periodic Timing –Cyclical behaviour controlled by 24 hour clock time or (circadian) Interval Timing –Stopwatch timing

Learning-to-Time (LET)

BehaviorSequence: P M T L C

P = PeckM = MoveT = TurnL = LookC = Coo

Start Stop


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