timesaving-2wayslabs-ia aci 318-05

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    The following example illustrates the design methods presented in the PCA book Simplified Design -Reinforced Concrete Buildings of Moderate Size and Height third edition. Unless otherwise noted, all

    referenced table, figure, and equation numbers are from that book.

    Example Building

    Below is a partial plan of a typical floor in a cast-in-place reinforced concrete building. In this example,an interior strip of a flat plate floor system is designed and detailed for the effects of gravity loadsaccording to ACI 318-05.

    Design Data

    Materials Concrete: normal weight (150 pcf), 3/4-in. maximum aggregate, fc = 4,000 psi

    Mild reinforcing steel: Grade 60 (fy = 60,000 psi)

    Loads

    Superimposed dead loads = 30 psf

    Live load = 50 psf

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    The following example illustrates thedesign methods presented in the articleTimesaving Design Aids for ReinforcedConcrete, Part 2: Two-way Slabs, byDavid A. Fanella, which appeared in theOctober 2001 edition of StructuralEngineer magazine. Unless otherwisenoted, all referenced table, figure, andequation numbers are from that article.

    Example BuildingBelow is a partial plan of a typical floor in acast-in-place reinforced concrete building. Ithis example, an interior strip of a flaplate floor system is designed and detailefor the effects of gravity loads accordinto ACI 318-99.

    20?-0I 20?-0I 20?-0I

    24?-0I

    24?-0I

    20Ix 20I (typ.) 24Ix 24I (typ.)

    Designstrip

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    Minimum Slab Thickness

    Longest clear spanl

    n = 24 (20/12) = 22.33 ftFrom Fig. 4-3, minimum thickness h per ACI Table 9.5(c) = ln/30 = 8.9 in.

    Use Fig. 1-8 to determine h based on shear requirements at interior column assuming a 9 in. slab:

    qu = 1.2(112.5 + 30) + 1.6(50) = 251.0 psf

    A = 24 x 20 = 480 ft2

    A/c12 = 480/22 = 120

    From Fig. 1-8, d/c1 0.22

    d = 0.22 x 24 = 5.3 in.

    h = 5.3 + 1.25 = 6.55 in.

    Try preliminary h = 9 in.

    Design for Flexure

    Use Fig. 4-4 to determine if the Direct Design Method of ACI Sect. 13.6 can be utilized to compute thebending moments due to the gravity loads:

    3 continuous spans in one direction, more than 3 in the other O.K.

    Rectangular panels with long-to-short span ratio = 24/20 = 1.2 < 2 O.K.

    Successive span lengths in each direction are equal O.K.

    No offset columns O.K.

    L/D = 50/(112.5 + 30) = 0.35 < 2 O.K.

    Slab system has no beams N.A.

    Since all requirements are satisfied, the Direct Design Method can be used.

    Total panel moment Mo in end span:

    Mo =

    = 248.5 ft - kips

    Total panel moment Mo in interior span:

    Mo =

    = 244 ft - kips

    For simplicity, use Mo = 248.5 ft-kips for all spans.

    Division of the total panel moment Mo into negative and positive moments, and then column and middlestrip moments, involves the direct application of the moment coefficients in Table 4-2.

    q

    80 251 24 18 0

    8u 2 n

    2 2l l

    =

    . .

    q

    80 251 24 18 167

    8u 2 n

    2 2l l

    =

    . .

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    fMu = 0.62 x 64.6 = 40 ft-kips

    Required As = 40/(4 x 7.75) = 1.29 in.2

    Number of No. 4 bars = 1.29/0.2 = 6.5, say 7 bars

    Must provide 7-No. 4 bars within an effective slab width = 3h + c2 = (3 x 9) + 20 = 47 in.

    Provide the required 7-No. 4 bars by concentrating 7 of the column strip bars (11-No. 4) within the 47 in.slab width over the column.

    Check bar spacing:

    For 7-No. 4 within 47 in. width: 47/7 = 6.7 in. < 18 in. O.K.

    For 4-No. 4 within 120 47 = 73 in. width: 73/4 = 18.25 in. > 18 in.Add 1 additional bar on each side of the 47 in. strip; the spacing becomes 73/6 = 12.2 in. < 18 in. O.K.

    Reinforcement details at this location are shown in the figure on the next page.

    Check the combined shear stress at the inside face of the critical transfer section.

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    vu

    =

    Factored shear force at edge column:

    Vu = 0.251[(24 x 10.83) (1.99 x 2.31)]

    = 64.0 kips

    When the end span moments are determined from the Direct Design Method, the fraction of unbalancedmoment transferred by eccentricity of shear must be 0.3Mo = 0.3 x 248.5 = 74.6 ft-kips (Sect. 13.6.3.6).

    v = 1 f = 1 0.62 = 0.38

    c2 /c1 = 1.0

    c1 /d = 20/7.75 = 2.58

    From Table 4.9

    Ac = (2b1 + b2 d) = 585.7 in.2

    J/c = [2b1d(b1 + 2b2) + d3(2b1 + b2)/b1]/6 = 5,139 in.

    3

    vu =

    vu = 109.4 + 66.2 = 175.6 psi

    Determine allowable shear stress vc from Fig. 4-13:

    bo /d = (2b1 + b2)/d

    bo /d = [(2 x 23.875) + 27.75]/7.75 = 9.74

    c = 1

    vc = 190 psi > vu = 175.6 psi OK

    9 slab is OK

    Reinforcement Details

    The figures below show the reinforcement details for the column and middle strips. The bar lengths aredetermined from Fig. 13.3.8 of ACI 318-05.

    64 000585

    0 38 74 6 12 0005139

    ,

    ,+

    . . ,

    V

    A

    M

    J cu

    c

    v u+

    /

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    The PCA computer program pcaSlab can be used to expedite the design of different slab systems.The program covers wide range of two-way slab systems and can be used for more complex slab layouts.The output of the program for the slab in the example is shown in the following pages.

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    X

    Y

    Z

    pcaSlab V1.10 - PCA User, Portland Cement Association

    File: C:\Program Files\PCA\pcaSlab\TSDA-Example.slb

    Project: TSDA Example

    Frame: Engineer:

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    pcaSlab V1.10 - PCA User, Portland Cement Association

    File: C:\Program Files\PCA\pcaSlab\TSDA-Example.slb

    Project: TSDA Example

    Frame: Engineer:

    Column Strip Flexural Rebars

    Middle Strip Flexural Rebars

    5-#4

    5-#4

    13-#4

    12-#4

    16-#4c

    13-#4

    12-#4

    13-#4

    12-#4

    10-#4c

    13-#4

    12-#4

    5-#4

    5-#4

    16-#4c

    13-#4

    13-#4

    7-#4c 6-#4

    13-#4

    13-#4

    7-#4c 6-#4

    13-#4

    13-#4

    7-#4c 6-#4

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    02-04-2005 - pcaSlab V1.10 - Portland Cement Association - Page 108:08:10 AM - Licensed to: PCA User, Portland Cement Association - TSDA-Example

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    =============================================================================pcaSlab V1.10 (TM)

    A Computer Program for Analysis and Design of Slab Systems=============================================================================

    Copyright 2000-2003, Portland Cement AssociationAll rights reserved

    Licensee stated above acknowledges that Portland Cement Association(PCA) is not and cannot be responsible for either the accuracy oradequacy of the material supplied as input for processing by thePCA-Slab computer program. Furthermore, PCA neither makes any warrantyexpressed nor implied with respect to the correctness of the output prepared by the PCA-Slab program. Although PCA has endeavored toproduce PCA-Slab error free the program is not and cannot be certifiedinfallible. The final and only responsibility for analysis, design andengineering documents is the licensees. Accordingly, PCA disclaims allresponsibility in contract, negligence or other tort for any analysis,design or engineering documents prepared in connection with the use of

    the PCA-Slab program.

    =============================================================================================[2] DESIGN RESULTS=============================================================================================

    Top Reinforcement:==================

    Units: Width (ft), Mmax (k-ft), Xmax (ft), As (in^2), Sp (in)Span Strip Zone Width Mmax Xmax AsMin AsMax SpReq AsReq Bars---- ------ ------ -------- ------------ -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------

    1 Column Left 10.00 8.40 0.833 1.836 14.631 12.000 0.277 10-#4 Middle 10.00 0.00 9.917 0.000 14.631 0.000 0.000 ---Right 10.00 138.22 19.000 1.836 14.631 4.800 4.801 25-#4

    Middle Left 14.00 -0.00 0.833 2.570 20.483 12.923 0.000 13-#4 Middle 14.00 0.00 9.917 0.000 20.483 0.000 0.000 ---Right 14.00 46.08 19.000 2.570 20.483 12.923 1.535 13-#4

    2 Column Left 10.00 118.88 1.000 1.836 14.631 4.800 4.097 25-#4 Middle 10.00 0.00 10.000 0.000 14.631 0.000 0.000 ---

    Right 10.00 118.88 19.000 1.836 14.631 4.800 4.097 25-#4

    Middle Left 14.00 39.63 1.000 2.570 20.483 12.923 1.318 13-#4 Middle 14.00 0.00 10.000 0.000 20.483 0.000 0.000 ---Right 14.00 39.63 19.000 2.570 20.483 12.923 1.318 13-#4

    3 Column Left 10.00 138.22 1.000 1.836 14.631 4.800 4.801 25-#4 Middle 10.00 0.00 10.083 0.000 14.631 0.000 0.000 ---Right 10.00 8.40 19.167 1.836 14.631 12.000 0.277 10-#4

    Middle Left 14.00 46.08 1.000 2.570 20.483 12.923 1.535 13-#4 Middle 14.00 0.00 10.083 0.000 20.483 0.000 0.000 ---Right 14.00 -0.00 19.167 2.570 20.483 12.923 0.000 13-#4

    Top Bar Details:================

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    02-04-2005 - pcaSlab V1.10 - Portland Cement Association - Page 208:08:10 AM - Licensed to: PCA User, Portland Cement Association - TSDA-Example

    Units: Length (ft)_____________Left______________ ___Continuous__ _____________Right_____________

    Span Strip Bars Length Bars Length Bars Length Bars Length Bars Length---- ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------

    1 Column 5-#4 6.83 5-#4 4.47 --- 13-#4 7.00 12-#4 4.63 Middle 13-#4 4.83 --- --- 13-#4 6.12 ---

    2 Column 13-#4 6.94 12-#4 4.60 --- 13-#4 6.94 12-#4 4.60 Middle 13-#4 6.87 --- --- 13-#4 6.87 ---

    3 Column 13-#4 7.00 12-#4 4.63 --- 5-#4 6.83 5-#4 4.47 Middle 13-#4 6.12 --- --- 13-#4 4.83 ---

    Bottom Reinforcement:=====================

    Units: Width (ft), Mmax (k-ft), Xmax (ft), As (in^2), Sp (in)Span Strip Width Mmax Xmax AsMin AsMax SpReq AsReq Bars---- ------ -------- ------------ -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------

    1 Column 10.00 91.95 8.299 1.836 14.631 7.500 3.134 16-#4 Middle 14.00 61.30 8.299 2.570 20.483 12.923 2.051 13-#4

    2 Column 10.00 51.57 10.000 1.836 14.631 12.000 1.731 10-#4 Middle 14.00 34.38 10.000 2.570 20.483 12.923 1.142 13-#4

    3 Column 10.00 91.95 11.701 1.836 14.631 7.500 3.134 16-#4 Middle 14.00 61.30 11.701 2.570 20.483 12.923 2.051 13-#4

    Bottom Bar Details:===================

    Units: Start (ft), Length (ft)_______Long Bars_______ ______Short Bars_______

    Span Strip Bars Start Length Bars Start Length---- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------

    1 Column 16-#4 0.00 20.00 --- Middle 7-#4 0.00 20.00 6-#4 3.00 14.00

    2 Column 10-#4 0.00 20.00 --- Middle 7-#4 0.00 20.00 6-#4 3.00 14.00

    3 Column 16-#4 0.00 20.00 --- Middle 7-#4 0.00 20.00 6-#4 3.00 14.00

    Flexural Capacity:==================

    Units: From, To (ft), As (in^2), PhiMn (k-ft)Span Strip From To AsTop AsBot PhiMn- PhiMn+---- ------ --------- --------- ----- ----- ------------ ------------

    1 Column 0.000 0.833 2.00 3.20 -59.43 93.810.833 3.467 2.00 3.20 -59.43 93.813.467 4.467 1.00 3.20 -30.04 93.814.467 5.829 1.00 3.20 -30.04 93.815.829 6.829 0.00 3.20 0.00 93.816.829 7.192 0.00 3.20 0.00 93.817.192 10.000 0.00 3.20 0.00 93.8110.000 12.642 0.00 3.20 0.00 93.8112.642 13.005 0.00 3.20 0.00 93.8113.005 14.005 0.00 3.20 0.00 93.8114.005 15.366 2.60 3.20 -76.74 93.8115.366 16.366 2.60 3.20 -76.74 93.8116.366 19.000 5.00 3.20 -143.60 93.8119.000 20.000 5.00 3.20 -143.60 93.81

    Middle 0.000 0.833 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.060.833 3.000 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.06

    3.000 3.831 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.063.831 4.000 0.00 1.40 0.00 42.064.000 4.831 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.384.831 7.192 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.387.192 10.000 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.3810.000 12.642 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.3812.642 13.883 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.3813.883 14.883 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.3814.883 16.000 2.60 2.60 -77.38 77.3816.000 17.000 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.0617.000 19.000 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.0619.000 20.000 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.06

    2 Column 0.000 1.000 5.00 2.00 -143.60 59.431.000 3.601 5.00 2.00 -143.60 59.433.601 4.601 2.60 2.00 -76.74 59.43

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    02-04-2005 - pcaSlab V1.10 - Portland Cement Association - Page 308:08:10 AM - Licensed to: PCA User, Portland Cement Association - TSDA-Example

    4.601 5.940 2.60 2.00 -76.74 59.435.940 6.940 0.00 2.00 0.00 59.436.940 7.300 0.00 2.00 0.00 59.437.300 10.000 0.00 2.00 0.00 59.4310.000 12.700 0.00 2.00 0.00 59.4312.700 13.060 0.00 2.00 0.00 59.4313.060 14.060 0.00 2.00 0.00 59.4314.060 15.399 2.60 2.00 -76.74 59.4315.399 16.399 2.60 2.00 -76.74 59.4316.399 19.000 5.00 2.00 -143.60 59.4319.000 20.000 5.00 2.00 -143.60 59.43

    Middle 0.000 1.000 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.061.000 3.000 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.063.000 4.000 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.064.000 5.875 2.60 2.60 -77.38 77.385.875 6.875 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.386.875 7.300 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.387.300 10.000 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.3810.000 12.700 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.3812.700 13.125 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.38

    13.125 14.125 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.3814.125 16.000 2.60 2.60 -77.38 77.3816.000 17.000 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.0617.000 19.000 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.0619.000 20.000 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.06

    3 Column 0.000 1.000 5.00 3.20 -143.60 93.811.000 3.634 5.00 3.20 -143.60 93.813.634 4.634 2.60 3.20 -76.74 93.814.634 5.995 2.60 3.20 -76.74 93.815.995 6.995 0.00 3.20 0.00 93.816.995 7.358 0.00 3.20 0.00 93.817.358 10.000 0.00 3.20 0.00 93.8110.000 12.808 0.00 3.20 0.00 93.8112.808 13.171 0.00 3.20 0.00 93.8113.171 14.171 0.00 3.20 0.00 93.8114.171 15.533 1.00 3.20 -30.04 93.8115.533 16.533 1.00 3.20 -30.04 93.8116.533 19.167 2.00 3.20 -59.43 93.8119.167 20.000 2.00 3.20 -59.43 93.81

    Middle 0.000 1.000 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.06

    1.000 3.000 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.063.000 4.000 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.064.000 5.117 2.60 2.60 -77.38 77.385.117 6.117 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.386.117 7.358 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.387.358 10.000 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.3810.000 12.808 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.3812.808 15.169 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.3815.169 16.000 0.00 2.60 0.00 77.3816.000 16.169 0.00 1.40 0.00 42.0616.169 17.000 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.0617.000 19.167 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.0619.167 20.000 2.60 1.40 -77.38 42.06

    Slab Shear Capacity:====================

    Units: b, d (in), Xu (ft), PhiVc, Vu(kip)Span b d Vratio PhiVc Vu Xu---- -------- -------- -------- ------------ ------------ ------------

    1 288.00 6.75 1.000 184.42 59.52 18.442 288.00 6.75 1.000 184.42 49.31 18.443 288.00 6.75 1.000 184.42 59.52 1.56

    Flexural Transfer of Negative Unbalanced Moment at Supports:============================================================

    Units: Width (in), Munb (k-ft), As (in^2)Supp Width GammaF*Munb Comb Pat AsReq AsProv Additional Bars---- -------- ------------ ---- ---- -------- -------- ---------------

    1 45.50 31.07 U2 All 1.055 0.758 2-#42 49.50 33.07 U2 Odd 1.122 2.063 ---3 49.50 33.07 U2 Odd 1.122 2.063 ---4 45.50 31.07 U2 All 1.055 0.758 2-#4

    Punching Shear Around Columns:==============================

    Units: Vu (kip), Munb (k-ft), vu (psi), Phi*vc (psi)Supp Vu vu Munb Comb Pat GammaV vu Phi*vc---- ------------ -------- ------------ ---- ---- ------ -------- --------

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