Tighter British Control

6.1Tighter British

Control

Events Leading to the American Revolution in order from left to right, top to bottom.

England needed the colonies. Mercantilism was England’s way of maintaining her position of power in the world.

The English suddenly wanted to regain control of the colonies after having left them alone for 150 years.

The colonists resented the interference.

Not only did the colonists supply raw materials to England, they also bought all of their finished products from England. England was making a killing selling finished products to the colonists.

With the help of the Colonists, the British won the French and Indian War

In 1763, The Treaty of Paris awarded England all of the land from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River.

The colonists were eager to claim the new land west of the Appalachians.

King George, however, didn’t want trouble with the Indians, so he passed a Proclamation forbidding the colonists to move beyond the Appalachian Mountains

King George III enforce the Proclamation of 1763, by keeping 10,000 soldiers in the colonies.

British soldiers were stationed in the colonies after 1763 to keep peace between the colonists and the Native Americans.

The Colonists were angry over the Proclamation of 1763. They felt they deserved the new land because they had fought for it.

Then, King George decided the colonists should help pay for the debt he’d acquired fighting the French and Indian War, which had doubled Britain’s debt. So, he passed the Sugar Act which placed a tax on molasses, sugar, and other items shipped to the colonies

King George wanted to enforce the Proclamation of 1763 by preventing the colonists from moving across the mountains.

He also wanted to make sure the colonists didn’t smuggle goods from other countries to avoid the Sugar Act.

So, George passed the Quartering Act. He wanted to keep troops in America to

enforce his laws, but he didn’t want to pay for their room and board.

In 1765, Parliament passed a quartering act that stated that British troops in America would be housed in barracks and in public houses unless and until the number of troops overwhelmed the facilities, at which time, the troops could be housed in private commercial property, such as inns and stables, and in uninhabited homes and barns. The quartering would be without compensation and, in fact, owners would be required to provide soldiers with certain necessities such as food, liquor, salt, and bedding, also without compensation.

Colonists were angry over the Quartering and Sugar Acts.

Remember, the colonists had enjoyed 150 years of salutary neglect in which they made their own rules.

They resented the king’s sudden enforcement of laws.

They especially resented being taxed without their consent. They had no representatives in Parliament.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mivLguvRF7Y4:32

Parliament passed the Stamp Act to raise $ in the colonies to pay the costs of defending them.

Britain Passes the Stamp Act

The Stamp Act was different from the Sugar Act because the Stamp Act taxed the colonists, while the Sugar Act taxed trade.

Patrick Henry was a member of the House of Burgesses that called for resistance to the Stamp Act.

The Colonies Protest the Stamp Act

The significance of the Stamp Act Congress was that it was the first colonial gathering to consider acting together in protest.

What role did the Sons of Liberty play in the fight for liberty in the colonies? They staged both peaceful and violent protests against Parliament’s laws.

The Colonies Protest the Stamp Act

The Declaratory Act gave Parliament the supreme control to govern the colonies.

Look at your text p. 146

The Bostonians Paying the

Excise-Man, 1774

British propaganda print that depicts the tarring and

feathering of Boston Commissioner of

Customs John Malcolm. This was the second time Malcolm

had been tarred and feathered. The Boston Tea Party is shown, but it had occurred four weeks

before this event.

6.2https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-

9pDZMRCpQ No More Kings, School House Rock

The King wasn’t happy over the colonists’ refusal to pay taxes.

His finance minister, Charles Townshend, suggested new acts.

One of these acts suspended New York’s assembly until New Yorkers agreed to house soldiers.

The Townshend Acts placed duties or taxes on imported goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea.

The Townshend Acts also gave soldiers the right to search colonists homes with warrants known as writs of assistance.

These writs could be issued without probable cause to search homes for smuggled goods.

Cartoon in text p. 171

Samuel Adams was the driving force behind the boycott of British goods to protest the Townshend Acts.

Samuel Adams, a brewer, and the leader of the Sons of Liberty led the opposition to the Townshend Acts.

In the fall of 1768, 1,0000 British soldiers arrived in Boston under the command of General Thomas Gage.

These soldiers were to enforce the Townshend Acts

Tension filled the streets of Boston

Watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2L0JLVDnpt4Then:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rTrUL7ns2E

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiCEyuIuwAU

Write “Facts are stubborn things.” and “Make shipwreck of conscience.” on the board.

On March 5, 1770, a fight called the Boston Massacre broke out between British soldiers and dockworkers.

The Boston Massacre became a symbol of British tyranny.

Finally, the boycott of English goods and the anger of the colonists forced Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts.

BUT. . . . King George left one tax in place . . . The tax on tea.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVDlQAMr0FQ4:02

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDsItFMX2Ag1:48

6.3The Road to Lexington and Concord

Would Mr. C be willing to show the kids his cd of pictures of this topic?

England’s rulers were furious over the Boston Tea Party.

Determined to get the colonists under control, Parliament and King George passed the Coercive Acts. The Colonists called these the Intolerable Acts.

4)As tensions rose in late 1773 and early 1774, the old quartering act was supplemented with the Quartering Act of 1774. This act, passed on June 2, 1774, required colonists to house troops not only as previously required, but also in private homes.

In response to the Intolerable Acts, the colonists formed the First Continental Congress.

Delegates voted to ban all trade with Britain until the Intolerable Acts were repealed.

In the eyes of the king, this was treason.

British troops march from Boston into the countryside in April 1775 to arrest patriot leaders and destroy the militia’s supplies.

Paul Revere became famous for spreading the news of the British troops movements.

William Dawes avoided capture while spreading the news that the British were coming.

During the Revolutionary War, people who sided with the rebels were called Patriots.

Declaring Independence

When armed conflict between bands of American colonists and British soldiers began in April 1775, the Americans were really fighting only for their rights as British subjects.

By the following summer, with the Revolutionary War in full swing, the movement for independence from Britain had grown, and delegates of the Continental Congress were faced with a vote on the issue. In mid-June 1776, a five-man committee including Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin was tasked with drafting a formal statement of the colonies’ intentions. The Congress formally adopted the Declaration of Independence–written largely by Jefferson–in Philadelphia on July 4, a date now celebrated as the birth of American independence.Advertisement

John Hancock, proud to attach his name to the Declaration of Independence, signed in huge, bold strokes—the most prominent signature on the document. To this day, putting your John Hancock on something means to sign it. The most common legend is that he signed his name bigger than everyone else’s so that the “fat old King could read it without his spectacles”. The fact is that as the president of Congress he was the first person to sign the document and because he was the leader of Congress his signature was centered below the text. Another myth reinforced by the Trumbull’s painting of the Declaration of Independence which is now located in the United States Capitol rotunda  is that the declaration was signed by all delegates on July 4, 1776. The fact is that signing started August 2 and was not completed until late November.

What would have happened had the American patriots lost their war against Great Britain. British victory in the conflict was entirely possible. Given the significant disparities in resources between the British and the colonists, such an outcome seemed not just possible but likely early on, and at numerous points during the conflict. The Patriots lacked a professional army, a central government, and a navy; the 13 colonies were geographically dispersed and lacked Britain’s political unity. The Patriots waged their war for independence against the world’s most powerful military and its greatest empire, only 15 years from its great triumph over France in the Seven Years’ War.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZfRaWAtBVg

It’s Too Late to Apologize 3:21 Explain: King George, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Ben Franklin,

John Hancock, Samuel Adams

Militiamen from all over the colonies gather outside of Boston- 20,000 strong

Washington, a member of the Continental Congress, is chosen as General

They attack and capture British Fort Ticonderoga on May 10, 1775

Colonists control a hilltop across the bay from Boston

2,200 Redcoats set out to attack colonists

British finally won, but at a cost of over 1,000 killed or wounded vs. only 400 colonists

The colonists lost, but the battle showed Continental Army was a force to be reckoned with

“Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes!”Colonel William Prescott at the Battle of Bunker Hill

•Most colonists still wanted peace

Olive Branch Petition- 1775Olive Branch Petition- 1775 Asked King to restore harmony Asked King to restore harmony

between Britain and the between Britain and the ColoniesColonies

King not only rejects petition he King not only rejects petition he also:also: Uses British Navy to blockade portsUses British Navy to blockade ports Sends German Hessian soldiers to Sends German Hessian soldiers to

fightfight

In early 1776, most Americans STILL wanted to avoid a final break with Britain.

However, the publication of a pamphlet titled Common Sense helped convince many Americans that a complete break with Britain was necessary.

Thomas Paine was the author of Common Sense.

The Continental Congress remained undecided.

Then Congress allowed each of the 13 colonies to establish its own government.

On June 7, Richard Henry Lee of Virginia introduced a key resolution. It declared that all political connection between the colonies and Great Britain was totally dissolved.

The Committee that Drafted the Declaration of Independence:

Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston

Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776

That’s why we celebrate the 4th of July or Independence Day!!!!!

The Declaration Contains these words:

“We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”

After much debate, Continental Congress has Thomas Jefferson write the document

July 4, 1776 Declaration is adopted Key Points:

People have rights government can’t take away People have right to challenge government Explained reasons for breaking with Britain Declared colonies to be free and independent http://www.history.com/topics/american-

revolution/declaration-of-independence 3:49