tick collection criteria project title michael cherry| dr. ben clarke| bridges and pathways program...
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TICK COLLECTION CRITERIAProject title
Michael Cherry| Dr. Ben Clarke| Bridges and Pathways Program 2010
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TICK COLLECTION• What criteria and procedures should be
used when collecting ticks in the ‘wild’?
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PROJECT OVERVIEW• Where ticks are located
• Survey techniques should be consistent
• Use of standardized equipment
• Integrity of Data Collection Criteria and methods of recording
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WHERE ARE TICKS LOCATED IN THE MIDWEST?• Near or in deciduous forests
• Dry to mesic (moderate moisture) forests
• Alfisol-type soils of sandy or loam-sand textures overlying sedimentary rock
• Along ecotones (boundaries between varying ecosystems)
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ALFISOL SOILS• Alfisols are a soil order in
USDA soil taxonomy. Alfisols form in semiarid to humid areas, typically under a hardwood forest cover. They have a clay-enriched subsoil and relatively high native fertility. "Alf" refers to Aluminium (Al) and Iron (Fe).
Alfisol from East Tennessee. http://www.uamont.edu/facultyweb/francis/soilprofiles/soilprofilepage.htm
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WHERE ARE TICKS NOT LOCATED IN THE MIDWEST?• Near coniferous forests
• Grasslands
• Wet and very damp forests
• Acidic soils of low fertility and a clay soil texture
• Precambrian bedrock
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CONSTRUCTION OF DRAGGING EQUIPMENT– 70 x 90cm piece of light-colored corduroy
– 1cm diameter wooden dowel along leading edge
– Steel rod sewn into trailing edge for added weight
– Rope or wood handle to allow front edge of ‘sheet’ to contact vegetation
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COLLECTION TECHNIQUES FROM SCHULZE/JORDAN• Same individual should perform the dragging for
consistency– Speed, height
• Collected hourly from 0600 – 2100 hours
• 100m long transects, collect every 10m to prevent ticks from falling off
• Ramdomize dragging order, direction of travel, location within each transect (left, right, center) to minimize repeated dragging of same areas
• Minimize dew collection by drying on running pickup truck hood– To minimize effects of moisture on tick collection
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STATISTICS• For each sampling event (each hour) (use
of Weather Station):– Ambient Temperature
– Ambient Humidity
– Place Weather Station in center of area, 1m above vegetation height
– Litter temperature and humidity (digital thermometer)
• At least 2.5cm below leaf litter surface but not into the soil
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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS• Use of repeated measures of analysis of variance
• Use of multiple linear regression to examine relationships
• Use separate regressions for each species
• Tolerance value of 0.1 is acceptable
• Calculate temp gradient: subtract hourly litter temp from ambient
• Calculate humidity gradient: subtract litter H from ambient H
• Use Pearson correlation and linear regression to determine relationships between calculated gradients and numbers of questing ticks
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CONCLUSION• Consistency regarding the gathering of
ticks and in measuring and recording statistics are critical to success
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WORKS CITED• Meteorologically Mediated Diurnal
Questing of Ixodes Scapularis and Amblyomma Americanum Nymphs – Terry Schulze and Robert Jordan Journal of Medical Entomology (2003)
• Distribution of the Common Tick, Ixodes ricinus, in different vegetation types in Southern Sweden – Anders Lindstrom and Thomas Jaenson, Journal of Medical Entomology (2003)